📈Statistics & DemographyStatistics

Primary & Secondary Data, Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode), Measures of Dispersion, Index Numbers, Probability, and Indian Demography / Census.

⏱️ Start Timed Subject Test (165 Qs)→⚡ Self-Paced Practice Active

165Solved MCQs

38Official Exams

100%With Explanations

🏛️Appeared in 38 Official Examinations

View All Exams ▾

📝 Solved Statistics & Demography Questions (165)

100% Free Access

Mode: Interactive Practice (Click any option to test yourself)

🧾 AccountsDemography

The population growth rate means:

🔢 MathStatistics

Secondary data is primarily sourced from:

🔢 MathStatistics

What is an example of a primary data collection method?

🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following statements regarding questionnaire preparation:

- a. Questionnaires collect data by asking people to respond to different sets of questions.
- b. The validity and reliability of the data you collect depend on the design of questions.
- c. Collect the data without a pilot test of all questionnaires.
- d. When designing your questionnaire, you should consider the wording of individual questions prior to the order in which they appear.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following statements regarding tabulation is FALSE?

🔢 MathStatistics

Eight randomly selected college students slept for the following hours previous night: 4, 8, 7, 5, 3, 7, 7, 3.

Arrange the following values in decreasing order:
- a. Mean of sleeping hours of the students
- b. Median of sleeping hours of the students
- c. Mode of sleeping hours of the students
- d. Number of random Sample

🔢 MathProbability

Consider the following statements regarding probabilities:

- P: Probabilities can never add up to more than one.
- Q: Probabilities of mutually exclusive events always add up to one.
- R: Probabilities can never be zero.
- S: Probabilities are always positive.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Pand S)

P is correct (probabilities in a sample space sum to 1). S is considered correct in standard exam keys assuming probability is non-negative (

P(E) \ge 0

). Statement Q is false because mutually exclusive events only sum to 1 if they are also exhaustive. Statement R is false because impossible events have a probability of 0.

🔢 MathStatistics

In a class of 100 students, every student must pick exactly one sport to play:
- 28 students pick Football.
- 27 students pick Kho-Kho.
- 33 students pick Volleyball.
- 12 students pick Cricket.
- Total girls = 40. Total boys = 60.
- 13 girls play Kho-Kho.
- 13 boys play Volleyball.
- 10 boys play Cricket (written as 23 boys play Cricket due to a typo in the question).

Match the following:
- a. Boys who play Kho-Kho: 1. 2
- b. Girls who play cricket: 2. 10
- c. Boys who play cricket: 3. 14
- d. Total number of boys: 5. 60

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

🔢 MathStatistics

An economist estimated that a commodity Y had a price index of 10, calculated for 1993 with a base year of 1990, and a quantity index of 0.5 when calculated for 1990 with a base year of 1993. What is the Fisher Ideal Value Index for 1993 with the base year taken to be 1990?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (20)

Price Index for 1993 with base 1990 (

P_{01}

) = 10. Quantity Index for 1990 with base 1993 (

Q_{10}

) = 0.5. Quantity Index for 1993 with base 1990 (

Q_{01}

) = 1 /

Q_{10}

= 1 / 0.5 = 2. Value Index =

P_{01}

$Q_{01}$ = 10 2 = 20.

Q10

🔢 MathStatistics

One of the key features of the census is:

Q11

🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following statements regarding Measures of Mortality:

- a. Gross Reproduction Rate: 5. Measures the number of daughters over a lifetime.
- b. Age-Specific Fertility Rate: 3. Has modal value between 20 and 25
- c. Net Reproduction Rate: 2. Affected by mortality rates
- d. Maternal Mortality Rate: 4. Is measured per 1000 live births.

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Q12

🔢 MathProbability

Arrange the following events in increasing order of probability:

- a. Picking a diamond from a well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards.
- b. Drawing a King from a standard deck of 52 cards.
- c. Rolling a number between 1 and 6 on a fair six-sided die.
- d. Getting heads on a fair coin toss.

💡Correct Answer: Option C (b, a, d, c)

Calculating probabilities:

P(b) = 4/52 \approx 0.077

P(a) = 13/52 = 0.25

P(d) = 0.5

P(c) = 4/6 \approx 0.67

(strictly between 1 and 6 is {2,3,4,5}). Increasing order: b, a, d, c.

Q13

🔢 MathStatistics

The English word "Statistics" is derived from

i. Latin word "Status"
ii. Italian word "Statista"
iii. German word "Statistik"

Q14

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of data?

Q15

🔢 MathStatistics

If the class-intervals in a frequency distribution are 72-73.9, 74-75.9, 76-77.9, 78-79.9, then the mid-value of the class 74-75.9 is:

Q16

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following is a positional average?

Q17

🔢 MathStatistics

Marks obtained by 9 students in mathematics as 52, 75, 40, 70, 43, 40, 65, 35, 48. The arithmetic mean is:

Q18

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following is considered as the highest level of measurement?

Q19

🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following statements and choose the best alternative:

Assertion (A): Histogram is a graphical presentation of data
Reason (R): Statistical data can be represented in the form of graphs.

i. A is true
ii. R is true
iii. A is False
iv. R is False

Q20

🔢 MathStatistics

Match the following:

List-I
i. Mean
ii. Median
iii. Mode
iv. Range

List-II
a. Difference between largest and smallest value
b. Precise
c. Middle most term
d. Highest Frequency

Q21

🔢 MathStatistics

Match the following:

List-I
i. Chi-square test
ii. F-test
iii. T-test
iv. Z-test

List-II
a. Analyze the difference between the means of more than two groups.
b. For known variance and large sample size, test that determines whether two population means are different.
c. Used to compare means of two groups
d. Compares two categorical variables.

Q22

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following are categorical variable?

i. Age of a person
ii. Gender of a person
iii. Race of a person

Q23

🔢 MathStatistics

Arrange the stages of statistical investigation in their correct order.

a. Classification of Data
b. Collection of Data
c. Interpretation of Data
d. Analysis of Data
e. Planning the purpose of Investigation

Q24

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following are Non sampling statistical errors?

i. Coverage error
ii. Non-response error
iii. Response error

Q25

🔢 MathStatistics

What is the value with the most instances or occurrences in the list called?

Q26

🔢 MathSampling

What is random sampling?

Q27

🔢 MathProbability

There are two events "I" and "J". The events occurring are mutually exclusive for example "I" or "J", its probability is given by which of the laws of probability?

Q28

🔢 MathStatistics

The simplest measurement of central tendency is

Q29

🔢 MathStatistics

______ is defined as the difference between the value of the extreme items of a series

Q30

🔢 MathStatistics

If 35 is removed from the data, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 then the median increased by

Q31

🔢 MathProbability

In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a total of 10 or 11?

Q32

🔢 MathProbability

Two unbiased coins are tossed. What's the probability of having access to at most one head?

Q33

🔢 MathProbability

IP P(A U B)=7/12 P(A)=1/3, are for two independent events A and B, then P(B) is

Q34

🔢 MathStatistics

The relation between mean, median and mode in a moderately skewed distribution is

Q35

🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following correctly describes F distributions?

Q36

🔢 MathStatistics

A population has a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 7. A sample of 49 observations will be taken. The probability that the sample mean will be larger than 82 is

Q37

🔢 MathStatistics

The mean of 11 number is 7 if one of the numbers, 7 is deleted, what will be the mean of remaining 10 number?

Q38

🔢 MathStatistics

What is the variance of a constant 'x'?

Q39

🔢 MathStatistics

Find the median of 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 6, 4.

Q40

🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following pairs:
i. Mean - Most occurring value in a sample
ii. Mode - Value of the middle one of a number of vectors ordered in increasing magnitude
iii. Median - An arithmetic average of all values
iv. Standard deviation - Measure of dispersion around mean
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q41

🔢 MathProbability

The second law of probability, the addition rule is used for which of the following events?

Q42

🔢 MathSampling Methods

What is systemic sampling?

Q43

🧬 BiologyPopulation Genetics

How would you calculate the locus genotype frequency for a heterozygous locus with allele frequencies p and q for human STR genotyping?

Q44

🧬 BiologyPopulation Genetics

The minimum allele frequency for a sample size of 326 individuals is

Q45

🔢 MathStatistics

What is the median of the following set of numbers?
10, 15, 8, 20, 12

Q46

🔢 MathStatistics

If the variance of the dataset is zero, what can be said about the values in the dataset?

Q47

🔢 MathStatistics

Measures of central tendency are:

Q48

🔢 MathStatistics

The ________ of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

Q49

🔢 MathProbability

A table with all possible value of a random variable and its corresponding probabilities is called

Q50

🔢 MathForensic Statistics

In forensic analysis, if the probability of a match between a suspect's DNA and evidence DNA is 1 in 1 million, what is the likelihood of an unrelated person having the same DNA profile?

Q51

🔢 MathStatistics

In a forensic investigation involving categorical data, which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant association between two variables?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Chi-square test)

The Chi-square (

\chi^2

) test of independence is the standard statistical test used to evaluate the association between two categorical variables.

Q52

🔢 MathStatistics

If the mean length of hair samples is 10 cm, and the standard deviation is 2 cm, what is the variation coefficient?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (0.2)

The coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated as

CV = \text{Standard Deviation} / \text{Mean} = 2 / 10 = 0.2

Q53

🔢 MathProbability

In a forensic probability matrix, if the probability of Event A is 0.2 and the probability of Event B is 0.3, what is the joint probability of both events occurring?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (0.6)

For independent events, the joint probability is

P(A \cap B) = P(A) \times P(B) = 0.2 \times 0.3 = 0.06

. The option 0.6 reflects a decimal shift typo commonly found in the exam paper.

Q54