JKSSB Junior Programmer 2025 Solved Question Paper

Question 1

What will be the output of the following code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3};
    printf("%d
", 2[arr]);
    return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option C: 3. In C, array subscript notation is commutative: `arr[2]` is equivalent to `*(arr + 2)`, which is identical to `*(2 + arr)` or `2[arr]`. Since `arr[2] == 3`, the code outputs `3`.

Question 2

What will be the output of this code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 5;
    if (a == 5)
        printf("Hello");
    else;
        printf("World!");
    return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option B: Hello World!. Since `a == 5` is true, `printf("Hello");` executes. The `else;` has a semicolon, making it a null statement. Thus, the subsequent statement `printf("World!");` is not part of the `else` branch and always executes. Output is `Hello World!`.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about malloc and calloc is correct?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Calloc initializes memory to zero, but malloc does not.. `malloc()` allocates contiguous memory leaving it uninitialized (containing indeterminate garbage values), whereas `calloc()` allocates memory and zeroes out all allocated bytes.

Question 4

What is the output of the following code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x = 5;
    int y = 10;
    int *p = &x;
    *p += y;
    printf("%d %d
", x, y);
    return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option A: 15 10. `p` points to `x`. `*p += y` adds the value of `y` (10) to `x` (5), making `x = 15`. `y` remains 10. Output is `15 10`.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct declaration of a pointer to a function in C?

Accepted Answer

Option B: int (*func)(int a);. A function pointer returning `int` and accepting `int a` is declared with parentheses around the pointer symbol: `int (*func)(int a);` (or `int (*func)(int);`). Without parentheses, `int *func(int a);` declares a function returning a pointer to int.

Question 6

What does the following code print?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
void func() {
    int *p = NULL;
    *p = 10;
}
int main() {
    func();
    return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option C: Segmentation fault. Dereferencing a NULL pointer (`*p = 10`) attempts to write to an invalid memory location (address 0x0), which causes an OS memory access violation resulting in a Segmentation Fault (and undefined behavior).

Question 7

What is the size of the following structure?

```c
struct Test {
    char a;
    int b;
    char c;
};
```

Accepted Answer

Option C: 12 bytes. Due to structure padding and 4-byte integer alignment on 32/64-bit systems:
- `char a`: 1 byte + 3 bytes padding = 4 bytes
- `int b`: 4 bytes = 4 bytes
- `char c`: 1 byte + 3 bytes tail padding = 4 bytes
Total size = 12 bytes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about printf is correct?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("%d %d
", 1);
    return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option C: Undefined behavior. Passing fewer arguments than format specifiers in `printf()` invokes Undefined Behavior according to the C standard (often reading whatever indeterminate garbage value resides on the stack).

Question 9

Which of the following functions is used to dynamically allocate memory in C?

Accepted Answer

Option A: malloc(). `malloc()` (memory allocation) in `<stdlib.h>` dynamically allocates a block of memory of specified bytes on the heap.

Question 10

What is the purpose of the break statement in a loop?

Accepted Answer

Option C: To exit the loop. The `break` statement immediately terminates execution of the enclosing innermost loop (or `switch` block) and transfers control to the statement following the loop.

Question 11

Which loop is guaranteed to execute at least once in C?

Accepted Answer

Option C: do-while. The `do-while` loop is an exit-controlled loop where the condition is evaluated after executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution.

Question 12

Match the following data types in Column A with their corresponding sizes (in bytes) on a 32 bit system in Column B:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv. Sizes on a standard 32-bit system: int = 4 bytes (ii), char = 1 byte (i), float = 4 bytes (iii), double = 8 bytes (iv). Code: 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv.

Question 13

Consider the following statements about functions in C:
1. Functions can return only one value.
2. Recursive functions can call themselves.
3. The void keyword is used to indicate that a function does not return a value.
4. Functions must always have a return type specified.

Choose the correct Statement:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. In C89, functions without a return type defaulted to `int` (implicit int), so statement 4 is not strictly universal in legacy C. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Question 14

Consider the following statements about control structures in C:
1. The if-else structure is used for conditional execution of code.
2. The switch statement must always have a default case.
3. The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.
4. The while loop can execute zero or more times based on the condition.

Choose the correct Statement:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is false because the `default` label in a `switch` statement is completely optional.

Question 15

Match the following file-handling functions in Column A with their functionalities in Column B:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-i. Matching: fopen() opens a file (iii); fclose() closes a file (ii); fwrite() writes binary data to a file (iv); fread() reads binary data from a file (i). Code: 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-i.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of the relational database model?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Data is organized in tuples and attributes. In the relational model (RDBMS), data is logically represented as relations (tables) composed of tuples (rows/records) and attributes (columns/fields).

Question 17

What is the result of the following SQL query?

```sql
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Employee
WHERE Salary > 50000;
```

Accepted Answer

Option A: The number of employees with a salary greater than 50,000. `COUNT(*)` aggregates and returns the total number of matching rows in the `Employee` table where `Salary > 50000`.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transactions in DBMS?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Divisibility. Transaction properties are governed by ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). 'Divisibility' contradicts the fundamental principle of Atomicity (all-or-nothing execution).

Question 19

Which of the following statements about normalization are correct?
1. Normalization reduces redundancy in a database
2. Normalization increases data integrity
3. Third Normal Form (3NF) removes transitive dependencies
4. First Normal Form (1NF) ensures data is atomic

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option C: 1, 2, 3, and 4. All 4 statements are correct: Normalization eliminates duplicate data (1), maintains data integrity (2), 3NF eliminates transitive dependencies ($X → Y, Y → Z$) (3), and 1NF enforces atomic, non-composite, single-valued attributes (4).

Question 20

Match the following database terms with their descriptions:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: i) Primary Key uniquely identifies a row (1); ii) Foreign Key enforces referential integrity between relations (2); iii) Candidate Key is a minimal superkey capable of being selected as primary key (3); iv) Composite Key consists of two or more attributes (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 21

Arrange the following steps in query processing in the correct order:
1. Query Optimization
2. Query Parsing
3. Execution Plan Generation
4. Query Execution

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 2 → 1 → 3 → 4. DBMS Query Processing Pipeline:
1. Parsing & Translation: Syntactic/semantic checks and relational algebra translation (2)
2. Query Optimization: Cost-based evaluation of query trees (1)
3. Execution Plan Code Generation: Producing physical execution steps (3)
4. Query Execution: Evaluating the plan by the query execution engine (4).
Order: 2 → 1 → 3 → 4.

Question 22

What does the z-index property in CSS determine?

Accepted Answer

Option C: The stack order of an element. The `z-index` property in CSS controls the vertical 3D stacking order of overlapping positioned elements along the z-axis (higher values render in front of lower values).

Question 23

A table has 5 attributes. If the table is in 1NF, how many candidate keys can it have?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Depends on the table. The number of candidate keys is determined by the functional dependencies (FDs) between attributes, which varies from 1 up to many combinations depending on the relation's semantic schema.

Question 24

Which of the following are advantages of indexing in a database?
1. Improves query performance
2. Reduces storage requirements
3. Increases the speed of updates and inserts
4. Enables faster retrieval of rows

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 and 4. Indexing speeds up SELECT query performance (1) and accelerates row retrieval (4). However, indexes consume additional disk storage space and slow down INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations because the index tree must be updated.

Question 25

Match the following SQL commands with their purposes:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: SELECT retrieves data (1); INSERT adds new rows (2); UPDATE modifies existing tuples (3); DELETE removes specified rows (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 26

Arrange the following steps in the execution of a transaction in the correct order:
1. Start
2. Execute operations
3. Commit or rollback
4. End

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. Transaction lifecycle sequence: 1 (Begin/Start transaction) → 2 (Execute Read/Write SQL operations) → 3 (Commit if successful, Rollback if error) → 4 (End transaction). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 27

What does SQL stand for?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Structured Query Language. SQL stands for Structured Query Language, the standard domain-specific language used for managing data held in relational database management systems.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about HTTP and HTTPS are correct?
1. HTTP sends data in plain text, whereas HTTPS encrypts data
2. HTTPS requires an SSL/TLS certificate
3. HTTPS operates on port 443, whereas HTTP operates on port 80
4. HTTPS is faster than HTTP because of encryption

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1, 2, and 3. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because TLS cryptographic handshake and encryption/decryption add a slight computational latency overhead, making HTTPS slightly more resource-intensive than unencrypted HTTP.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about foreign keys are true?
1. A foreign key can have duplicate values
2. A foreign key must refer to a primary key in another table
3. A foreign key ensures referential integrity
4. A foreign key value cannot be NULL

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1, 2, and 3. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true. Statement 4 is false because foreign key attributes CAN accept NULL values (unless explicitly declared with `NOT NULL`), indicating an optional relationship.

Question 30

Arrange the following operations in the correct order for database design:
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Conceptual Design
3. Logical Design
4. Physical Design

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. Standard phases of Database Design:
1. Requirement Analysis: Collecting data/functional user needs (1)
2. Conceptual Design: Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling (2)
3. Logical Design: Mapping ER diagrams to normalized relational schema (3)
4. Physical Design: Implementing storage structures, file organizations, and indexes (4).
Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 31

Which of the following operations is performed more efficiently by a doubly linked list than by a singly linked list?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Deletion of the last node. In a doubly linked list with a tail pointer, deleting the last node takes $O(1)$ time because the `prev` pointer directly accesses the second-to-last node. In a singly linked list, finding the node before the tail requires traversing the entire list in $O(n)$ time.

Question 32

The height of a complete binary tree with n nodes is given by:

Accepted Answer

Option B: \lfloor$\log$_{2}(n+1)\rfloor. The height of a complete binary tree with $n$ nodes (measured as number of levels or edges) is $\lfloor\log_{2}(n)\rfloor$ or $\lfloor\log_{2}(n+1)\rfloor$.

Question 33

A hash table with 10 slots uses open addressing with linear probing. What is the average time complexity for an unsuccessful search?

Accepted Answer

Option B: O(n). In linear probing open addressing, primary clustering can form long contiguous occupied blocks, leading to an average/worst-case unsuccessful search complexity of $O(n)$.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about AVL trees are correct?
1. AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees
2. AVL trees allow duplicate elements
3. The balance factor of any node in an AVL tree is either -1, 0, or 1
4. Insertion in an AVL tree may require rebalancing

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 3, and 4. Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Standard AVL trees enforce strict BST uniqueness (statement 2 is false). The balance factor ($h_{left} - h_{right}$) must strictly remain in $\{-1, 0, +1\}$, and insertions violating this trigger tree rotations (LL, RR, LR, RL).

Question 35

Match the following data structures with their properties:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: Stack = LIFO (1); Queue = FIFO (2); BST = $O(\log n)$ search (3); Hash Table = $O(1)$ key lookup via hash functions (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 36

Arrange the following steps for inserting an element into a max heap in the correct order:
1. Place the element at the next available position
2. Compare the element with its parent
3. Swap the element with its parent if it is greater
4. Repeat until the heap property is restored

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. Max Heap insertion (Heapify-Up/Bubble-Up):
1. Insert element at the bottom-most leftmost available leaf position (1)
2. Compare newly added element with its parent node (2)
3. If inserted element > parent, swap them (3)
4. Repeat bubble-up comparison until parent $\ge$ child or root is reached (4).
Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 37

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Option B: O(log n). In a balanced BST (like AVL or Red-Black Tree), the height is guaranteed to be $O(\log n)$, making search, insertion, and deletion operations $O(\log n)$.

Question 38

What is the purpose of the <meta> tag in HTML?

Accepted Answer

Option B: To add metadata like description and keywords. The `` tag in the HTML `` specifies metadata such as character encoding (`charset`), page description, viewport configurations, SEO keywords, and author information.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about graphs are correct?
1. A complete graph contains all possible edges between nodes.
2. In a directed graph, edges have a direction.
3. A graph can be represented using an adjacency matrix or adjacency list.
4. Depth-first search (DFS) is not applicable to cyclic graphs.

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1, 2, and 3. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because DFS handles cyclic graphs easily by maintaining a boolean visited array to avoid infinite loops. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Question 40

Match the following traversal algorithms with their applications:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: DFS = backtracking/solving mazes (1); BFS = shortest path in unweighted graphs (2); In-order = sorted retrieval of BST nodes (3); Post-order = postfix evaluation of expression trees / bottom-up cleanup (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 41

Arrange the following steps for deleting a node from a binary search tree (BST) in the correct order:
1. Find the node to be deleted
2. Replace the node with its in-order successor if it has two children
3. Delete the node if it has no children or one child
4. Rebalance the tree if necessary

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. BST node deletion steps: 1 (Locate target node) → 2 (If node has 2 children, find and replace with in-order successor/predecessor) → 3 (Splice/delete node with 0 or 1 child) → 4 (Update heights/rebalance if self-balancing BST). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 42

Which data structure is used for implementing recursion?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Stack. Recursion relies on the Call Stack (LIFO data structure) to push active stack frames (return addresses, parameters, and local variables) on invocation and pop them upon return.

Question 43

What is the worst-case time complexity for searching in an unsorted array of size n?

Accepted Answer

Option C: O(n). In an unsorted array, linear search must examine each element sequentially from index 0 to $n-1$, requiring $O(n)$ comparisons in the worst case.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about heaps are true?
1. A max heap always has the largest element at the root
2. A heap can be implemented using an array
3. Insertion in a heap has a time complexity of O(log n)
4. Deletion from a heap has a time complexity of O(1)

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 2, and 3. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true. Statement 4 is false because deleting the root element from a binary heap requires moving the last leaf to the root and executing Heapify-Down, taking $O(\log n)$ time (only peeking is $O(1)$).

Question 45

Arrange the following steps for performing a breadth-first search (BFS) in the correct order:
1. Enqueue the starting node
2. Dequeue a node from the queue
3. Mark the dequeued node as visited
4. Enqueue all unvisited neighbors of the dequeued node

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. BFS Algorithm execution order:
1. Enqueue root/starting node and mark visited (1)
2. Dequeue front node from queue (2)
3. Process/mark current node (3)
4. Iterate over all unvisited adjacent neighbors and enqueue them (4).
Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 46

In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for process-to-process communication?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Transport Layer. The Transport Layer (TCP/UDP) utilizes port numbers to provide end-to-end process-to-process communication between software applications running on distinct network hosts.

Question 47

A 1 Gbps link has a propagation delay of 2 ms. What is the size of the bandwidth-delay product for the link?

Accepted Answer

Option C: 2,000,000 bits. Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP) = Bandwidth $	imes$ Delay
$$	ext{BDP} = (1	ext{ Gbps}) 	imes (2	ext{ ms}) = (10^9	ext{ bits/s}) 	imes (2 	imes 10^{-3}	ext{ s}) = 2 	imes 10^6	ext{ bits} = 2,000,000	ext{ bits}.$$

Question 48

Which of the following statements about IPv6 are correct?
1. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address
2. IPv6 supports header extensions for additional information
3. IPv6 has a checksum in the header
4. IPv6 supports multicast addressing

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 2, and 4. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because IPv6 completely eliminated the header checksum field to accelerate routing throughput and avoid recalculation at every hop. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

Question 49

Match the following networking devices with their purposes:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option C: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: Router = Layer 3 IP routing (1); Switch = Layer 2 MAC frame filtering (2); Hub = Layer 1 physical multi-port repeater broadcasting to all ports (3); Firewall = network security packet inspection (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about web browsers are correct?
1. A browser renders HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
2. A browser sends HTTP/HTTPS requests to servers
3. A browser is responsible for executing server-side scripts
4. Popular browsers include Chrome, Firefox, and Safari

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1, 2, and 4. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because web browsers are client-side software; server-side scripts (PHP, Node.js, ASP.NET, Python) execute exclusively on the remote web server. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

Question 51

What is the purpose of the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?

Accepted Answer

Option B: To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps a known 32-bit Logical IP address to a physical 48-bit Ethernet MAC hardware address within a local area network.

Question 52

What will be the total time required to transmit a 1,000-byte file over a 1 Mbps link with a latency of 10 ms?

Accepted Answer

Option C: 8 ms + 10 ms. Transmission delay:
$$T_{	ext{trans}} = \frac{	ext{File Size}}{	ext{Bandwidth}} = \frac{1000 	imes 8	ext{ bits}}{10^6	ext{ bits/s}} = 8 	imes 10^{-3}	ext{ s} = 8	ext{ ms}$$
Total Latency/Time = Transmission Delay + Propagation Delay = $8	ext{ ms} + 10	ext{ ms} = 18	ext{ ms}$.

Question 53

Which of the following are features of the TCP protocol?
1. Connection-oriented
2. Reliable data transfer
3. Flow control
4. Low overhead compared to UDP

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 2, and 3. TCP features include connection-oriented 3-way handshake (1), reliable delivery via sequence numbers and ACKs (2), and flow/congestion control (3). Statement 4 is false because TCP's 20-byte header and reliability mechanisms create much higher overhead than lightweight UDP (8-byte header). Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Question 54

Match the following protocols with their primary purposes:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: HTTP = web page delivery (1); FTP = file transfer (2); SMTP = email transmission (3); ICMP = ping/traceroute network error diagnostics (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 55

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Transport Layer. The Transport Layer (Layer 4) provides end-to-end error recovery, flow control, acknowledgment mechanisms, and ensures reliable complete data delivery between source and destination endpoints.

Question 56

What is the default port number for HTTPS?

Accepted Answer

Option C: 443. Standard port numbers: HTTP = 80, FTP = 21, SMTP = 25, HTTPS (HTTP over TLS/SSL) = 443.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about UDP are correct?
1. UDP is connectionless
2. UDP is faster than TCP
3. UDP provides error correction
4. UDP is used for real-time applications like video streaming

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1, 2, and 4. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because UDP has no retransmission or error correction mechanisms (it offers only basic optional error detection via checksum). Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

Question 58

Arrange the following layers of the OSI model in order from top to bottom:
1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Data Link Layer

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option D: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. OSI Layers from Top (Layer 7) to Bottom (Layer 1):
1. Application Layer (Layer 7)
2. Transport Layer (Layer 4)
3. Network Layer (Layer 3)
4. Data Link Layer (Layer 2).
Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Question 59

Which of the following C++ features implements the concept of runtime polymorphism?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Virtual Functions. Virtual Functions in C++ enable dynamic binding (late binding / runtime polymorphism) via virtual method tables (vtable and vptr). Function overloading and templates provide compile-time polymorphism.

Question 60

What is the output of the following C++ code?

```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
virtual void display() { cout << "Base" << endl; }
};

class Derived: public Base {
public:
void display() { cout << "Derived" << endl; }
};

int main() {
Base* b;
Derived d;
b = &d;
b->display();
return 0;
}
```

Accepted Answer

Option B: Derived. Because `display()` is declared `virtual` in `Base`, the call `b->display()` dynamically resolves at runtime to the overriding method in `Derived`. Output is `Derived`.

Question 61

In C++, which of the following is the correct order of constructor and destructor calls in a derived class?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Base Constructor → Derived Constructor; Derived Destructor → Base Destructor. In inheritance: Constructors execute from base to derived (Base Constructor → Derived Constructor). Destructors execute in reverse order (Derived Destructor → Base Destructor).

Question 62

Which of the following statements about multiple inheritance in C++ are correct?
1. It allows a class to inherit from more than one base class
2. It increases the complexity of the class hierarchy
3. It may lead to ambiguity issues
4. The virtual keyword helps in resolving ambiguity in multiple inheritance

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option D: All of the above. All 4 statements are correct: Multiple inheritance allows deriving from multiple parents (1), increases hierarchy complexity (2), leads to diamond ambiguity (3), and Virtual Base Classes (`virtual public Base`) resolve diamond inheritance ambiguity (4).

Question 63

Match the following OOP principles with their definitions:

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option C: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4. Matching: Encapsulation = bundling data & methods into a class (1); Abstraction = hiding internal complexity (2); Inheritance = acquiring code/properties from base class (3); Polymorphism = one interface, multiple implementations (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

Question 64

Arrange the following steps in order for creating a class in C++:
1. Define the class
2. Add member variables and methods
3. Create objects of the class
4. Use the objects to call class methods

Choose the correct options:

Accepted Answer

Option A: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4. Sequence: 1 (Define class structure with `class ClassName { ... };`) → 2 (Add data members and member functions) → 3 (Instantiate objects in `main()`) → 4 (Invoke methods using dot operator `obj.method()`). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

Junior Programmer2025

📝 Solved Questions with Detailed Explanations100% Free • No Login Required

JKSSB — Junior Programmer (2025)

What will be the output of the following code?```c#include <stdio.h>int main() { int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3}; printf("%d", 2[arr]); return 0;}```

What will be the output of this code?```c#include <stdio.h>int main() { int a = 5; if (a == 5) printf("Hello"); else; printf("World!"); return 0;}```

Which of the following statements about malloc and calloc is correct?

What is the output of the following code?```c#include <stdio.h>int main() { int x = 5; int y = 10; int p = &x; p += y; printf("%d %d", x, y); return 0;}```

Which of the following is a correct declaration of a pointer to a function in C?

What does the following code print?```c#include <stdio.h>void func() { int p = NULL; p = 10;}int main() { func(); return 0;}```

What is the size of the following structure?```cstruct Test { char a; int b; char c;};```

Which of the following statements about printf is correct?```c#include <stdio.h>int main() { printf("%d %d", 1); return 0;}```

Which of the following functions is used to dynamically allocate memory in C?

What is the purpose of the break statement in a loop?

Which loop is guaranteed to execute at least once in C?

Match the following data types in Column A with their corresponding sizes (in bytes) on a 32 bit system in Column B:| Column - A | Column - B || :--- | :--- || 1. int | ii. 4 bytes || 2. char | i. 1 byte || 3. float | iii. 4 bytes || 4. double | iv. 8 bytes |Choose the correct options:

Which of the following is a property of the relational database model?

What is the result of the following SQL query?```sqlSELECT COUNT(*)FROM EmployeeWHERE Salary > 50000;```

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transactions in DBMS?

Which of the following statements about normalization are correct?1. Normalization reduces redundancy in a database2. Normalization increases data integrity3. Third Normal Form (3NF) removes transitive dependencies4. First Normal Form (1NF) ensures data is atomicChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in query processing in the correct order:1. Query Optimization2. Query Parsing3. Execution Plan Generation4. Query ExecutionChoose the correct options:

What does the z-index property in CSS determine?

A table has 5 attributes. If the table is in 1NF, how many candidate keys can it have?

Which of the following are advantages of indexing in a database?1. Improves query performance2. Reduces storage requirements3. Increases the speed of updates and inserts4. Enables faster retrieval of rowsChoose the correct options:

Match the following SQL commands with their purposes:| SQL Command | Purpose || :--- | :--- || i. SELECT | 1. Retrieve data || ii. INSERT | 2. Add new rows || iii. UPDATE | 3. Modify existing data || iv. DELETE | 4. Remove data |Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the execution of a transaction in the correct order:1. Start2. Execute operations3. Commit or rollback4. EndChoose the correct options:

What does SQL stand for?

Which of the following statements about foreign keys are true?1. A foreign key can have duplicate values2. A foreign key must refer to a primary key in another table3. A foreign key ensures referential integrity4. A foreign key value cannot be NULLChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following operations in the correct order for database design:1. Requirement Analysis2. Conceptual Design3. Logical Design4. Physical DesignChoose the correct options:

Which of the following operations is performed more efficiently by a doubly linked list than by a singly linked list?

The height of a complete binary tree with n nodes is given by:

A hash table with 10 slots uses open addressing with linear probing. What is the average time complexity for an unsuccessful search?

Which of the following statements about AVL trees are correct?1. AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees2. AVL trees allow duplicate elements3. The balance factor of any node in an AVL tree is either -1, 0, or 14. Insertion in an AVL tree may require rebalancingChoose the correct options:

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree (BST)?

What is the purpose of the <meta> tag in HTML?

Which data structure is used for implementing recursion?

What is the worst-case time complexity for searching in an unsorted array of size n?

Which of the following statements about heaps are true?1. A max heap always has the largest element at the root2. A heap can be implemented using an array3. Insertion in a heap has a time complexity of O(log n)4. Deletion from a heap has a time complexity of O(1)Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps for performing a breadth-first search (BFS) in the correct order:1. Enqueue the starting node2. Dequeue a node from the queue3. Mark the dequeued node as visited4. Enqueue all unvisited neighbors of the dequeued nodeChoose the correct options:

In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for process-to-process communication?

A 1 Gbps link has a propagation delay of 2 ms. What is the size of the bandwidth-delay product for the link?

Which of the following statements about IPv6 are correct?1. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address2. IPv6 supports header extensions for additional information3. IPv6 has a checksum in the header4. IPv6 supports multicast addressingChoose the correct options:

What is the purpose of the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?

What will be the total time required to transmit a 1,000-byte file over a 1 Mbps link with a latency of 10 ms?

Which of the following are features of the TCP protocol?1. Connection-oriented2. Reliable data transfer3. Flow control4. Low overhead compared to UDPChoose the correct options:

Match the following protocols with their primary purposes:| Protocol | Purpose || :--- | :--- || i. HTTP | 1. Transfer web pages || ii. FTP | 2. Transfer files between systems || iii. SMTP | 3. Send email || iv. ICMP | 4. Network diagnostics |Choose the correct options:

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer?

What is the default port number for HTTPS?

Which of the following statements about UDP are correct?1. UDP is connectionless2. UDP is faster than TCP3. UDP provides error correction4. UDP is used for real-time applications like video streamingChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following layers of the OSI model in order from top to bottom:1. Application Layer2. Transport Layer3. Network Layer4. Data Link LayerChoose the correct options:

Which of the following C++ features implements the concept of runtime polymorphism?

In C++, which of the following is the correct order of constructor and destructor calls in a derived class?

Arrange the following steps in order for creating a class in C++:1. Define the class2. Add member variables and methods3. Create objects of the class4. Use the objects to call class methodsChoose the correct options:

What is the purpose of the friend function in C++?

What will the following code output?```cpp#include <iostream>using namespace std;class MyClass {public: MyClass() { cout << "Constructor" << endl; } ~MyClass() { cout << "Destructor" << endl; }};int main() { MyClass obj; return 0;}```

Arrange the following steps for overloading a binary operator in C++:1. Define the operator function2. Use the operator keyword in the function signature3. Pass at least one argument of the class type4. Implement the operator functionalityChoose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about cookies in web development are correct?1. Cookies are used to store user data on the client-side2. Cookies have an expiration date3. Cookies cannot be accessed by JavaScript4. Cookies are sent with every HTTP requestChoose the correct options:

Which of the following is a features of object-oriented programming?

Which of the following statements about constructors in C++ are correct?1. Constructors initialize class members2. A constructor has no return type3. Constructors can be overloaded4. A constructor can be declared as virtualChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps for creating a pure virtual function in C++:1. Declare a function as virtual2. Use the = 0 syntax to make it pure virtual3. Implement the function in the derived class4. Create an abstract class containing the functionChoose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about the JVM and CLR are true?

What will the following code output?```javaint[] arr = {10, 20, 30};try { System.out.println(arr[3]);} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("Error");}```

What will be the output of the following Java code snippet?```javapublic class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = "Hello"; String s2 = new String("Hello"); System.out.println(s1.equals(s2) + " " + (s1 == s2)); }}```Choose the correct options:

What will the following Java code output?```javafor (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { System.out.println(i * i);}```Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are features of Java that are interoperable with .NET?1. Both support object-oriented programming2. Both have a garbage collection mechanism3. Both provide a runtime environment for execution4. Java bytecode can directly run in .NET CLR.Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about Java collections is true?

Which keyword is used to define a constant in Java?

What will the following Java code output?```javapublic class Main { public static void main (String[] args) { int a = 5, b = 10; int result = (a > b) ? a * b : a + b; System.out.println(result); }}```

Which of the following statements about Java features are true?1. Java is platform-independent2. Java uses a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler3. Java does not support multithreading4. Java is an object-oriented programming languageChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the Java compilation and execution process:1. Write Java code2. Compile the code using javac3. Generate bytecode in a .class file4. Execute the bytecode using the JVMChoose the correct options:

Which of the following methods is used to convert a string to an integer in C#?

What does the following C# code output?```csharpint x = 5, y = 10;Console.WriteLine(x > y ? "X is greater" : "Y is greater");```

Which of the following statements about delegates in .NET are correct?1. Delegates are type-safe function pointers2. Delegates can point to multiple methods at once3. Delegates are used for event handling4. A delegate must match the signature of the method it points toChoose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps for handling events in .NET in the correct order:1. Define a delegate2. Raise the event3. Attach the event to an event handler4. Declare the event using the delegateChoose the correct options:

What will the following C# code output?```csharpint[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Console.WriteLine(numbers[5]);```

Which of the following is a valid way to declare a variable in C#?

What is the output of the following code snippet?```csharpint x = 15;Console.WriteLine(x % 2 == 0 ? "Even" : "Odd");```

Which of the following statements about ASP.NET Web Forms are correct?1. It uses an event-driven programming model.2. It is part of the .NET Framework3. It supports server-side controls4. It does not support AJAXChoose the correct options:

Which of the following protocols is used to send email?

Which of the following models is not a part of software development life cycle (SDLC)?

What is the main drawback of the Waterfall Model?

What will be the output of the following code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3};
printf("%d
", 2[arr]);
return 0;
}
```

What will be the output of this code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5;
if (a == 5)
printf("Hello");
else;
printf("World!");
return 0;
}
```

What is the output of the following code?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
int p = &x; p += y;
printf("%d %d
", x, y);
return 0;
}
```

What does the following code print?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
void func() {
int p = NULL; p = 10;
}
int main() {
func();
return 0;
}
```

What is the size of the following structure?

```c
struct Test {
char a;
int b;
char c;
};
```

Which of the following statements about printf is correct?

```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("%d %d
", 1);
return 0;
}
```

Match the following data types in Column A with their corresponding sizes (in bytes) on a 32 bit system in Column B:

| Column - A | Column - B |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. int | ii. 4 bytes |
| 2. char | i. 1 byte |
| 3. float | iii. 4 bytes |
| 4. double | iv. 8 bytes |

Choose the correct options:

What is the result of the following SQL query?

```sql
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Employee
WHERE Salary > 50000;
```

Which of the following statements about normalization are correct?
1. Normalization reduces redundancy in a database
2. Normalization increases data integrity
3. Third Normal Form (3NF) removes transitive dependencies
4. First Normal Form (1NF) ensures data is atomic

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in query processing in the correct order:
1. Query Optimization
2. Query Parsing
3. Execution Plan Generation
4. Query Execution

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are advantages of indexing in a database?
1. Improves query performance
2. Reduces storage requirements
3. Increases the speed of updates and inserts
4. Enables faster retrieval of rows

Choose the correct options:

Match the following SQL commands with their purposes:

| SQL Command | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. SELECT | 1. Retrieve data |
| ii. INSERT | 2. Add new rows |
| iii. UPDATE | 3. Modify existing data |
| iv. DELETE | 4. Remove data |

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the execution of a transaction in the correct order:
1. Start
2. Execute operations
3. Commit or rollback
4. End

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about foreign keys are true?
1. A foreign key can have duplicate values
2. A foreign key must refer to a primary key in another table
3. A foreign key ensures referential integrity
4. A foreign key value cannot be NULL

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following operations in the correct order for database design:
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Conceptual Design
3. Logical Design
4. Physical Design

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about heaps are true?
1. A max heap always has the largest element at the root
2. A heap can be implemented using an array
3. Insertion in a heap has a time complexity of O(log n)
4. Deletion from a heap has a time complexity of O(1)

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps for performing a breadth-first search (BFS) in the correct order:
1. Enqueue the starting node
2. Dequeue a node from the queue
3. Mark the dequeued node as visited
4. Enqueue all unvisited neighbors of the dequeued node

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about IPv6 are correct?
1. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address
2. IPv6 supports header extensions for additional information
3. IPv6 has a checksum in the header
4. IPv6 supports multicast addressing

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are features of the TCP protocol?
1. Connection-oriented
2. Reliable data transfer
3. Flow control
4. Low overhead compared to UDP

Choose the correct options:

Match the following protocols with their primary purposes:

| Protocol | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. HTTP | 1. Transfer web pages |
| ii. FTP | 2. Transfer files between systems |
| iii. SMTP | 3. Send email |
| iv. ICMP | 4. Network diagnostics |

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about UDP are correct?
1. UDP is connectionless
2. UDP is faster than TCP
3. UDP provides error correction
4. UDP is used for real-time applications like video streaming

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following layers of the OSI model in order from top to bottom:
1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Data Link Layer

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in order for creating a class in C++:
1. Define the class
2. Add member variables and methods
3. Create objects of the class
4. Use the objects to call class methods

Choose the correct options:

What will the following code output?

```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class MyClass {
public:
MyClass() { cout << "Constructor" << endl; }
~MyClass() { cout << "Destructor" << endl; }
};

int main() {
MyClass obj;
return 0;
}
```

Arrange the following steps for overloading a binary operator in C++:
1. Define the operator function
2. Use the operator keyword in the function signature
3. Pass at least one argument of the class type
4. Implement the operator functionality

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about cookies in web development are correct?
1. Cookies are used to store user data on the client-side
2. Cookies have an expiration date
3. Cookies cannot be accessed by JavaScript
4. Cookies are sent with every HTTP request

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about constructors in C++ are correct?
1. Constructors initialize class members
2. A constructor has no return type
3. Constructors can be overloaded
4. A constructor can be declared as virtual

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps for creating a pure virtual function in C++:
1. Declare a function as virtual
2. Use the = 0 syntax to make it pure virtual
3. Implement the function in the derived class
4. Create an abstract class containing the function

Choose the correct options:

What will the following code output?

```java
int[] arr = {10, 20, 30};
try {
System.out.println(arr[3]);
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Error");
}
```

What will be the output of the following Java code snippet?

```java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = new String("Hello");
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2) + " " + (s1 == s2));
}
}
```

Choose the correct options:

What will the following Java code output?

```java
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(i * i);
}
```

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are features of Java that are interoperable with .NET?
1. Both support object-oriented programming
2. Both have a garbage collection mechanism
3. Both provide a runtime environment for execution
4. Java bytecode can directly run in .NET CLR.

Choose the correct options:

What will the following Java code output?

```java
public class Main {
public static void main (String[] args) {
int a = 5, b = 10;
int result = (a > b) ? a * b : a + b;
System.out.println(result);
}
}
```

Which of the following statements about Java features are true?
1. Java is platform-independent
2. Java uses a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler
3. Java does not support multithreading
4. Java is an object-oriented programming language

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the Java compilation and execution process:
1. Write Java code
2. Compile the code using javac
3. Generate bytecode in a .class file
4. Execute the bytecode using the JVM

Choose the correct options:

What does the following C# code output?

```csharp
int x = 5, y = 10;
Console.WriteLine(x > y ? "X is greater" : "Y is greater");
```

Arrange the following steps for handling events in .NET in the correct order:
1. Define a delegate
2. Raise the event
3. Attach the event to an event handler
4. Declare the event using the delegate

Choose the correct options:

What will the following C# code output?

```csharp
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Console.WriteLine(numbers[5]);
```

What is the output of the following code snippet?

```csharp
int x = 15;
Console.WriteLine(x % 2 == 0 ? "Even" : "Odd");
```

Which of the following statements about ASP.NET Web Forms are correct?
1. It uses an event-driven programming model.
2. It is part of the .NET Framework
3. It supports server-side controls
4. It does not support AJAX

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are characteristics of good software?
1. Maintainability
2. Usability
3. Portability
4. Obsolescence

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following statements about Object-Oriented Programming are true?
1. It supports inheritance
2. It emphasizes reusable code
3. It requires writing all logic in one function
4. It uses classes and objects

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the software maintenance process in the correct order:
1. Problem Identification
2. Analysis
3. Design Fixes
4. Implementation

Choose the correct options:

Which of the following are advantages of multiprogramming?
1. Increased CPU utilization
2. Decreased memory usage
3. Increased throughput
4. Reduced response time

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence for handling a page fault:
1. Check if the page is valid
2. Load the page from disk to memory
3. Update the page table
4. Restart the process

Choose the correct options:

A system has 3 processes with the following arrival and burst times:
• Process A: Arrival = 0 ms, Burst = 5 ms
• Process B: Arrival = 1 ms, Burst = 3 ms
• Process C: Arrival = 2 ms, Burst = 8 ms

Using FCFS, what is the waiting time for Process C?

Which of the following statements about paging are true?
1. Paging eliminates external fragmentation
2. Paging incurs internal fragmentation
3. Paging uses logical and physical address spaces
4. Paging requires contiguous memory allocation

Choose the correct options:

Arrange the following layers of a file system in the correct order (from user level to disk level):
1. Application Programs
2. File Organization Module
3. Logical File System
4. Physical File System

Choose the correct options: