JKSSB Assistant Scientific Officer (Biology & Serology) 2024 Solved Question Paper

Question 1

Which of the following is called "Locard's Principle of Exchange"?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Every contact leaves a trace. Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace', which forms the fundamental basis of trace evidence and crime scene investigation.

Question 2

Under which of the following branches of forensic science are age estimations from skeletal remains (bones) carried out?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Anthropology. Forensic Anthropology is the application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields in a legal setting, including estimating age, sex, stature, and ancestry from skeletal remains.

Question 3

The concept of anthropometry was given by which of the following scientists?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Alphonse Bertillon. Alphonse Bertillon developed anthropometry (also known as Bertillonage), which was a system of physical measurements of body parts used by police to identify criminals.

Question 4

What is a writ compelling a person to testify in court under penalty called?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Subpoena. A subpoena is a formal writ issued by a court ordering a person to appear as a witness to testify or produce evidence under penalty for failure to comply.

Question 5

The Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad was established in which of the following year?

Accepted Answer

Option B: 1967. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) in Hyderabad was established in 1967.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most recent Central Forensic Science Laboratory established in 2011?

Accepted Answer

Option D: CFSL, Guwahati. The CFSL in Guwahati, along with Bhopal and Pune, was established in 2011 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Question 7

The Government Examiner of Questioned Documents (GEQD) was shifted to 1906 in which of the following places?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Shimla. The office of the Government Examiner of Questioned Documents (GEQD), initially setup in Bengal in 1904, was shifted to Shimla in 1906.

Question 8

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was started under the Ministry of Home Affairs in which of the following years?

Accepted Answer

Option C: 1986. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was established in 1986 to empower Indian Police with information technology and criminal databases.

Question 9

The automated multi-modal identification system (AMBIS) was first launched by which of the following states?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Maharashtra. Maharashtra was the first state in India to launch the Automated Multimodal Biometric Identification System (AMBIS) in 2019 to digitize criminal fingerprint and biometric data.

Question 10

Examination of soil is carried out in which of the following forensic science laboratory divisions?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Physics. Forensic examination of soil, glass, paint, and fibers is typically handled by the Physics (or Trace Evidence) division of the Forensic Science Laboratory.

Question 11

Which of the following is a type of physical evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Glass. Glass is a tangible object (physical evidence), while alibis and testimonies represent oral or testimonial evidence.

Question 12

The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:

i. Packaging of evidence
ii. Collection of evidence
iii. Securing the crime scene
iv. Sketching and videography of the crime scene

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

Accepted Answer

Option A: iii, iv, ii, i. The standard sequence of crime scene processing is: first securing the scene (iii), documenting via sketching and photography (iv), collecting evidence (ii), and then packaging it (i).

Question 13

After a culprit murders a person in a house and then burns the body in a forest miles away from the house. What is the crime scene where the body is burnt called?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Secondary crime scene. The house where the murder occurred is the primary crime scene, and the forest where the body was burned is the secondary crime scene.

Question 14

The following steps are involved in crime scene reconstruction:

i. Conjecture
ii. Testing and theory formation
iii. Data collection
iv. Hypothesis testing

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

Accepted Answer

Option C: iii, i, iv, ii. Crime scene reconstruction involves: Data collection (iii) -> Conjecture/observation (i) -> Hypothesis testing (iv) -> Testing and theory formation (ii).

Question 15

Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Grid method. The grid search method is a double-line search that is highly thorough and ensures no area is missed.

Question 16

Consider the following pairs:

i. Fingerprint-AFIS
ii. DNA-IBIS
iii. Fired bullets - CODIS
iv. Paint-PDQ

Which of the components are matched correctly with their databases?

Accepted Answer

Option D: i and iv only. AFIS is for fingerprints (i) and PDQ is for paint chemistry (iv). CODIS is the DNA database, and IBIS is for ballistics/fired bullets.

Question 17

What does "perjury" imply while giving a testimony?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Lying under oath. Perjury is the criminal offense of willfully telling an untruth or making a misrepresentation in a court after having taken an oath.

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of macroscopic crime scene?

Accepted Answer

Option C: House of crime. A macroscopic crime scene refers to large-scale scenes (like a house, building, or field), whereas microscopic scenes refer to trace evidence (GSR, hair, pollen).

Question 19

Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Polar coordinates. Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.

Question 20

Which of the following is the prime duty of a forensic scientist?

Accepted Answer

Option C: To provide honest scientific reports of their analysis. The primary duty of a forensic scientist is to conduct unbiased scientific analysis and provide objective, honest reports to the court.

Question 21

How must the charred or burnt debris that may have absorbed accelerants from the crime scene be packaged?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Airtight containers. Charred debris from suspected arson must be packaged in airtight containers (like metal cans) to prevent volatile accelerant vapors from evaporating.

Question 22

Which of the following is a type of paper packaging method used for evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Druggist's fold. A druggist's fold (or pharmacist's fold) is a folding pattern used to secure small amounts of trace evidence (like hair, powder, fibers) in paper without leakage.

Question 23

Which of the following is a type of impression evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Tire marks. Tire marks are impressions left by a tire on a soft surface, which can be cast or photographed.

Question 24

Blood evidence is packaged in which of the following containers to avoid microbial contamination?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Paper bags. Wet or dry bloodstains should be packaged in paper bags because paper allows remaining moisture to evaporate, preventing mold/microbial growth which degrades DNA.

Question 25

In arson cases, what does "pyromania" mean?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Obsessive and impulsive desire to set things on fire. Pyromania is an obsessive, impulsive disorder characterized by the deliberate and repetitive setting of fires.

Question 26

While investigating an arson crime scene, what can indicate the possible area of origin of the fire?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Area with maximum damage. The area of origin in a fire scene typically exhibits the longest exposure to fire, resulting in the maximum amount of charring and structural damage.

Question 27

What is a specimen for example a hair sample whose origin is known with certainty and is used for comparison called?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Standard sample. A sample whose origin is known with certainty (like hair taken directly from a suspect's head) is called a standard or known sample.

Question 28

Who can order a body for exhumation in India?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Magistrate. In India, under Section 176 of the CrPC, only an Executive Magistrate has the authority to order the exhumation of a buried body for forensic investigation.

Question 29

Which of the following is a type of individual characteristic of physical evidence, a shoe?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Wear and tear Of the sole of the shoe. Individual characteristics are unique features (like random cuts, wear, and tears on the sole) that can uniquely identify a specific shoe, as opposed to class characteristics like size or brand.

Question 30

What is one of the most effective ways of documenting the location of evidence on a bomb blast explosion scene?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Polar coordinates. Polar coordinates are highly effective for mapping expansive, outdoor explosion scenes where there may be a single center of explosion but few rectangular walls.

Question 31

Sampling of residue deposited on an item in an explosive scene can be collected by vigorously swabbing the surface with several swabs moistened with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Distilled water. Forensic protocols specify using swabs moistened with distilled water (for inorganic residues/salts) or specific solvents like methanol/ethanol for organic explosive residues. In general, distilled water is the standard safe choice.

Question 32

The trace evidence sometimes fluoresces under UV light used at the crime scene. What is its range?

Accepted Answer

Option A: 100-400 nm. The ultraviolet (UV) electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 100 nm to 400 nm.

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of trace evidence found on a crime scene?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Fiber. Trace evidence refers to microscopic physical evidence transferred during a crime, such as fibers, hair, soil, or glass fragments.

Question 34

After processing the crime scene, the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) has to be removed in a sequence. Consider the following sequence.

i. Outer gloves, if double-gloved
ii. Booties if separate from overgarments
iii. Surgical mask
iv. Eye protection

Which of the following sequences is correct starting from the first to be removed the last?

Accepted Answer

Option C: i, ii, iv, iii. The proper sequence to remove PPE to avoid contamination is: outer gloves (i), booties (ii), eye protection (iv), and surgical mask last (iii) to prevent inhalation of airborne contaminants.

Question 35

Consider the following statements pertaining importance of physical evidence.

i. Physical evidence can be tested by an independent forensic expert
ii. Physical evidence is subjected to memory loss
iii. Physical evidence can provide a link between the crime scene and the suspect
iv. Physical evidence changes according to the statements of the defendant

Which of the above statements is true/correct?

Accepted Answer

Option C: i only. Statement i is true as physical evidence can be independently tested. Statement iii is also true, but among the options provided, only 'i only' is available as a single correct choice.

Question 36

Consider the following pairs:

i. Toxicology evidence - Friction ridge
ii. Questioned document evidence - Handwriting
iii. Biological evidence - Semen
iv. Fingerprint evidence - Poison

Which of the above evidences are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Option C: ii and iii only. Handwriting relates to questioned documents (ii) and semen relates to biological evidence (iii). Friction ridges relate to fingerprints, and poisons relate to toxicology.

Question 37

Consider the following pairs:

i. Fingerprints - Striations in marks
ii. Toolmarks - Minutiae patterns
iii. Footwear - Wear damage to sole
iv. Handwriting- Hiatus

Which of the physical evidence is correctly matched with their individual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Option A: iii and iv only. Footwear sole wear/damage (iii) and a hiatus in handwriting (iv) are individual characteristics. Minutiae are for fingerprints, and striations are for toolmarks/bullets.

Question 38

Which of the following criteria is related to the admissibility of evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Daubert criteria. The Daubert standard/criteria is used in US federal courts to determine whether expert witness testimony and scientific evidence is admissible.

Question 39

Which of the following evidences have the power of individualization?

Accepted Answer

Option D: DNA profile. Only a DNA profile has the power to uniquely identify (individualize) a specific person to the exclusion of all others. Blood groups and clothing brands are class characteristics.

Question 40

Section 60 of IPC relates to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Oral evidence must be direct. The question refers to Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, which states that 'Oral evidence must, in all cases whatever, be direct'.

Question 41

Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Wildlife Conservation Act 1972. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India deals with the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants.

Question 42

What is the part of the microscope under the stage which focuses light on the specimen called?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Condenser. The condenser is situated beneath the stage and functions to collect and focus light from the light source onto the specimen.

Question 43

The ability of an objective lens to resolve details into separate images instead of one blurred image is directly proportional to?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Numerical Aperture. Resolution (R) is directly proportional to the Numerical Aperture (NA) of the objective lens: R = λ / (2 * NA).

Question 44

Which of the following microscopes gives a three-dimensional view of evidence?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Stereomicroscope. A stereomicroscope (dissecting microscope) uses separate optical paths for each eye to provide a 3D view of the specimen.

Question 45

Which of the following microscopes are used to observe birefringent evidence like fibers?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Polarizing light microscope. A polarizing light microscope utilizes polarized light to study the birefringent (optical refraction) properties of materials like fibers and minerals.

Question 46

Consider the following statements related to the microscope.

i. Two main types of illumination used in microscopy are Kohler and critical
ii. The lens closest to the specimen is called an ocular lens
iii. The lens closest to the eyes is called an objective lens
iv. The lens closest to the specimen is called an objective lens

Which of the statements are true/correct?

Accepted Answer

Option B: i and iv only. Kohler and critical are indeed types of illumination (i). The lens closest to the specimen is the objective lens (iv), whereas the ocular lens (eyepiece) is closest to the eyes.

Question 47

Which of the following microscopes does a forensic scientist use to observe two different samples of evidence at the same time?

Accepted Answer

Option D: Comparison microscope. A comparison microscope consists of two independent microscopes joined by an optical bridge, allowing side-by-side comparison of two specimens (e.g. bullets, hair).

Question 48

Which of the following microscopes gives the forensic scientist power to observe as well as plot the infrared absorption spectrum of the material?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Microspectrophotometer. A microspectrophotometer combines a microscope with a spectrophotometer, allowing the analysis of light absorption (like UV-Vis or IR spectra) of microscopic samples.

Question 49

In hypothesis testing, what is a type II error?

Accepted Answer

Option A: If the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is false in the population.. A Type II error (beta error) occurs when the null hypothesis is false but the investigator fails to reject it.

Question 50

What is the value with the most instances or occurrences in the list called?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Mode. In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Question 51

What is random sampling?

Accepted Answer

Option A: When each item has an equal chance of selection it is called random sampling. Simple random sampling is a selection method where every individual member of the population has an equal probability of being chosen.

Question 52

What is the formula for Chi square test?

Accepted Answer

Option A: $x^{2}=$\Sigma$$\frac{(Observed~value-Expected~value)^{2}$}{Expected~value}$. The Chi-square formula is: χ² = Σ [(O - E)² / E], where O is the observed frequency and E is the expected frequency.

Question 53

There are two events "I" and "J". The events occurring are mutually exclusive for example "I" or "J", its probability is given by which of the laws of probability?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Addition rule. For mutually exclusive events, the probability of I or J occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities (Addition Rule): P(I ∪ J) = P(I) + P(J).

Question 54

Which of the following tests is used to check the equality of variances between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Option D: F-test. The F-test is a statistical test used to compare the variances of two independent populations.

Question 55

If the F statistic is larger than the critical F value.

Accepted Answer

Option A: Accept the alternate hypothesis, H,. If the calculated F-statistic exceeds the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis (H₀) and accept the alternate hypothesis (H₁).

Question 56

Which of the following is the major protein present in seminal fluid at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 mg/mL?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Prostate Specific Antigen. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA or p30) is present in seminal fluid at concentrations of 0.5–2.0 mg/mL, serving as a key marker for semen detection. Semenogelins are present in much higher concentrations (10-20 mg/mL).

Question 57

What compound acts as the substrate in the Fast Blue B test for semen detection?

Accepted Answer

Option A: a-naphthyl phosphate. In the Brentamine (Fast Blue B) test, alpha-naphthyl phosphate acts as the substrate for acid phosphatase, releasing alpha-naphthol which reacts with the dye to form a purple color.

Question 58

DMAC assay is a presumptive assay for body fluid detection. What does it detect?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Urea in urine. The DMAC (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) assay reacts with urea, which is present in high concentrations in urine, to produce a pink/red color.

Question 59

Epithelial cell detection is often indicative of the presence of various body fluids. What stain can be used to distinguish between skin, oral and vaginal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Dane's. Dane's staining method is used to differentiate skin (keratinized), oral, and vaginal epithelial cells based on color differences related to keratinization.

Question 60

Match the column of the part of spermatozoa to the colour stained in Christmas tree staining.

Accepted Answer

Option B: i-q, ii-r, iii-s, iv-p. In the Christmas Tree Stain (nuclear fast red/picroindigocarmine), the acrosomal cap is pink (i-q), the nucleus is red (ii-r), the tail is green (iii-s), and the midpiece is blue (iv-p).

Question 61

Which gland produces majority of saliva in humans?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Submandibular glands. The submandibular glands produce approximately 65-70% of the total unstimulated saliva in humans, followed by the parotids.

Question 62

What are the predominant bacteria in the vagina of women of reproductive age?

Accepted Answer

Option B: Lactobacilli spp. Lactobacillus species are the dominant members of the vaginal microbiota in healthy women of reproductive age, keeping the pH acidic to protect against infections.

Question 63

Which among the following terms would be aptly defined as a foreign substance that is capable of eliciting antibody formation in a host cell and combining with the antibody?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Antigen. An antigen is traditionally defined as a foreign substance that can trigger an immune response (eliciting antibodies) and bind specifically with those antibodies.

Question 64

Which of the following statements pertaining to the Lewis antigen system is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Option C: Lewis Ags expression is influenced by LEW1 and LEW2 genes. The Lewis antigen expression is governed by the FUT3 (Lewis) and FUT2 (Secretor) genes on chromosome 19. There are no genes named LEW1 and LEW2.

Assistant Scientific Officer (Biology & Serology)2024

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JKSSB — Assistant Scientific Officer (Biology & Serology) (2024)

Which of the following is called "Locard's Principle of Exchange"?

Under which of the following branches of forensic science are age estimations from skeletal remains (bones) carried out?

The concept of anthropometry was given by which of the following scientists?

What is a writ compelling a person to testify in court under penalty called?

The Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad was established in which of the following year?

Which of the following is the most recent Central Forensic Science Laboratory established in 2011?

The Government Examiner of Questioned Documents (GEQD) was shifted to 1906 in which of the following places?

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was started under the Ministry of Home Affairs in which of the following years?

The automated multi-modal identification system (AMBIS) was first launched by which of the following states?

Examination of soil is carried out in which of the following forensic science laboratory divisions?

Which of the following is a type of physical evidence?

The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:i. Packaging of evidenceii. Collection of evidenceiii. Securing the crime sceneiv. Sketching and videography of the crime sceneWhich of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

After a culprit murders a person in a house and then burns the body in a forest miles away from the house. What is the crime scene where the body is burnt called?

The following steps are involved in crime scene reconstruction:i. Conjectureii. Testing and theory formationiii. Data collectioniv. Hypothesis testingWhich of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?

Consider the following pairs:i. Fingerprint-AFISii. DNA-IBISiii. Fired bullets - CODISiv. Paint-PDQWhich of the components are matched correctly with their databases?

What does "perjury" imply while giving a testimony?

Which of the following is a type of macroscopic crime scene?

Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?

Which of the following is the prime duty of a forensic scientist?

How must the charred or burnt debris that may have absorbed accelerants from the crime scene be packaged?

Which of the following is a type of paper packaging method used for evidence?

Which of the following is a type of impression evidence?

Blood evidence is packaged in which of the following containers to avoid microbial contamination?

In arson cases, what does "pyromania" mean?

While investigating an arson crime scene, what can indicate the possible area of origin of the fire?

What is a specimen for example a hair sample whose origin is known with certainty and is used for comparison called?

Who can order a body for exhumation in India?

Which of the following is a type of individual characteristic of physical evidence, a shoe?

What is one of the most effective ways of documenting the location of evidence on a bomb blast explosion scene?

Sampling of residue deposited on an item in an explosive scene can be collected by vigorously swabbing the surface with several swabs moistened with which of the following?

The trace evidence sometimes fluoresces under UV light used at the crime scene. What is its range?

Which of the following is an example of trace evidence found on a crime scene?

Consider the following pairs:i. Toxicology evidence - Friction ridgeii. Questioned document evidence - Handwritingiii. Biological evidence - Semeniv. Fingerprint evidence - PoisonWhich of the above evidences are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:i. Fingerprints - Striations in marksii. Toolmarks - Minutiae patternsiii. Footwear - Wear damage to soleiv. Handwriting- HiatusWhich of the physical evidence is correctly matched with their individual characteristics?

Which of the following criteria is related to the admissibility of evidence?

Which of the following evidences have the power of individualization?

Section 60 of IPC relates to which of the following?

Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?

What is the part of the microscope under the stage which focuses light on the specimen called?

The ability of an objective lens to resolve details into separate images instead of one blurred image is directly proportional to?

Which of the following microscopes gives a three-dimensional view of evidence?

Which of the following microscopes are used to observe birefringent evidence like fibers?

Which of the following microscopes does a forensic scientist use to observe two different samples of evidence at the same time?

Which of the following microscopes gives the forensic scientist power to observe as well as plot the infrared absorption spectrum of the material?

In hypothesis testing, what is a type II error?

What is the value with the most instances or occurrences in the list called?

What is random sampling?

What is the formula for Chi square test?

There are two events "I" and "J". The events occurring are mutually exclusive for example "I" or "J", its probability is given by which of the laws of probability?

Which of the following tests is used to check the equality of variances between two populations?

If the F statistic is larger than the critical F value.

Which of the following is the major protein present in seminal fluid at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 mg/mL?

What compound acts as the substrate in the Fast Blue B test for semen detection?

DMAC assay is a presumptive assay for body fluid detection. What does it detect?

Epithelial cell detection is often indicative of the presence of various body fluids. What stain can be used to distinguish between skin, oral and vaginal epithelial cells?

Match the column of the part of spermatozoa to the colour stained in Christmas tree staining.

Which gland produces majority of saliva in humans?

What are the predominant bacteria in the vagina of women of reproductive age?

Which among the following terms would be aptly defined as a foreign substance that is capable of eliciting antibody formation in a host cell and combining with the antibody?

Which of the following statements pertaining to the Lewis antigen system is INCORRECT?

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn occurs when -

IUCN stands for

Which of the following statements pertaining to use of palynomorphs in forensics is INCORRECT?

In an immunochromatography assay, what would the control zone comprise of?

Arrange the steps of immunoprecipitation in the right order:i. Elutionii. Binding of antigen and antibodyiii. Immobilisation of primary antibody on a matrix

What is the salicaceous outer covering of the diatom called?

Cannabis plants are often grown indoors illegally. Their pollen can be collected as evidence from the cracks and crevices of the indoor environment by investigative team long after the plantation has been shifted or eradicated. What type of pollination does Cannabis exhibit?

According to IUCN Red List, Endangered species are defined as

In what region of the spermatozoa is the mitochondria placed?

What antigen system does the FUT 1 and FUT 2 gene expression together determine?

Establishing geographical location of a wildlife species is crucial to legislative actions. How can this be achieved?

What stage marks the beginning of putrefaction during decomposition in a terrestrial environment?

Which of the following statements are TRUE?i. Insect colonisation occurs slower if body is completely burnt.ii. Insect colonisation is influenced by the biogeoclimatic zoneiii. Exposure to sunlight causes faster depletion of resources by the insects.

During autopsy of a body found in a lake, diatoms were found in the bone marrow. Which of the following assumptions is most valid?

Appendix II of CITES includes

In Ouchterlony assay, what would the appearance of a Y-shaped precipitin reaction indicate?

The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:

i. Packaging of evidence
ii. Collection of evidence
iii. Securing the crime scene
iv. Sketching and videography of the crime scene

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

The following steps are involved in crime scene reconstruction:

i. Conjecture
ii. Testing and theory formation
iii. Data collection
iv. Hypothesis testing

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

Consider the following pairs:

i. Fingerprint-AFIS
ii. DNA-IBIS
iii. Fired bullets - CODIS
iv. Paint-PDQ

Which of the components are matched correctly with their databases?

Consider the following pairs:

i. Toxicology evidence - Friction ridge
ii. Questioned document evidence - Handwriting
iii. Biological evidence - Semen
iv. Fingerprint evidence - Poison

Which of the above evidences are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:

i. Fingerprints - Striations in marks
ii. Toolmarks - Minutiae patterns
iii. Footwear - Wear damage to sole
iv. Handwriting- Hiatus

Which of the physical evidence is correctly matched with their individual characteristics?

Arrange the steps of immunoprecipitation in the right order:

i. Elution
ii. Binding of antigen and antibody
iii. Immobilisation of primary antibody on a matrix

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

i. Insect colonisation occurs slower if body is completely burnt.
ii. Insect colonisation is influenced by the biogeoclimatic zone
iii. Exposure to sunlight causes faster depletion of resources by the insects.

The $I^{A}$ and $I^{B}$ are both expressed dominantly to produce AB blood group phenotype. What inheritance pattern does this example follow?

Which statement pertaining to defensive bitemarks is TRUE?

i. Show a well-defined pattern
ii. Are usually singular
iii. Show tearing of skin
iv. Are most often seen in postmortem bitemarks

Consider the following statements:

i. The sugar molecule in RNA is ribose
ii. The purine bases in RNA are cytosine and uracil
iii. RNA molecule is a single-stranded molecule.

Which of the statements are true?