Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Solved MCQs for JKSSB & JKPSC — 279 Questions

Q1

🧾 AccountsEcology

Which of the following constitute a food-chain?

Q2

🧾 AccountsEnvironment

Who was the first scientist to use the term SMOG and define its layers?

Q3

🧾 AccountsEnvironment

Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:

1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.
2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q4

🧾 AccountsEnvironment

Consider the following national parks and the states they are located in:

- a. Kaziranga National Park: 4. Assam
- b. Jim Corbett National Park: 3. Uttarakhand
- c. Ranthambore National Park: 2. Rajasthan
- d. Gir National Park: 1. Gujarat

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Q5

🧬 BiologyWildlife Protection

Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?

Q6

🧬 BiologyWildlife Conservation

IUCN stands for

Q7

🧬 BiologyWildlife Conservation

According to IUCN Red List, Endangered species are defined as

Q8

🧬 BiologyWildlife Forensics

Establishing geographical location of a wildlife species is crucial to legislative actions. How can this be achieved?

Q9

🧬 BiologyWildlife Protection

Appendix II of CITES includes

Q10

🧬 BiologyWildlife Protection

A wildlife poacher is interested in illegal trade of tiger skin. What method of poaching will he prefer?

Q11

⚗️ ChemistryEnvironmental Pollution

Which of the following primarily causes Mercury Pollution?

Q12

🧬 BiologyEcology & Wildlife

Where is the 'Rajaji Tiger Reserve' located in India?

Q13

⚗️ ChemistryEcology & Environment

When is the World Wildlife Week observed?

Q14

🌍 General AwarenessEnvironment & Ecology

Which of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot of India?

Q15

🌍 General AwarenessEnvironment & Ecology

Which of the following fauna can be observed in Dachigam National Park?

Q16

🚗 AutomotiveEnvironmental Pollution

Among the following options, which are man-made sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of fire wood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earth quakes

Q17

🚗 AutomotiveEnvironmental Pollution

Among following pollutants which is not released by the motor vehicle

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6))

Automobiles emit SPM, sulfur dioxide (

SO_2

), nitrogen oxides (

NO_x

), carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. Phosphorus trioxide (

P_4O_6

) is not a constituent of automotive exhaust gases.

Q18

🚗 AutomotiveNoise Pollution & Regulations

Maximum permissible noise level recommended as per central motor vehicle rules 1989, for passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kgs, is

Q19

📜 HistoryEnvironmental awareness

Match the following (List-1) with their description (List-2):
List-1: (a) Idling at red traffic signal, (b) Cycling or walking, (c) Electric vehicle, (d) High vehicle density.
List-2: (1) Turning off engine, (2) Increase urban pollution, (3) Reduces air pollution, (4) Sustainable transport.

Q20

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Red tide is caused

Q21

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Plankton size classification:
a. Megaplankton
b. Macroplankton
c. Mesoplankton
d. Microplankton
e. Nanoplankton
f. Picoplankton

And dimensions:
i. 0.2-2 cm
ii. 20 to 200 µm
iii. 0.2 to 2 µm
iv. 2 to 20 µm
v. >20 cm
vi. 2-20 cm

Match correctly:

Q22

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Hydrosere Stages of ecological succession in pond/lake are

Q23

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Which of the following statements are true?
a. Plankton occur only in freshwater ecosystem
b. Plankton do not have active locomotory organs
c. Plankton include only unicellular organisms
d. Phytoplankton form the first trophic level

Q24

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

The depth at which the photosynthesis balances respiration

Q25

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Functional role an organism plays within an ecosystem is

Q26

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Match the indices to what they quantify:
a. Shannon Weiner Index
b. Pielou Index
c. Margalef Index
d. Berger Parker Index

Quantifications:
1. Richness
2. Dominance
3. Diversity
4. Evenness

Match correctly:

Q27

🧬 BiologyEnvironment & Treaties

Match the International Conventions to respective years:
a. Convention on Biological Diversity
b. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
c. Ramsar Convention
d. International Union for Conservation of Nature

Years:
1. 1971
2. 1948
3. 1975
4. 1992

Match correctly:

Q28

🧬 BiologyEnvironment & Ecology

Which of the following statements are true?
a. There are 80 Ramsar sites in India
b. Ex-situ is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in its natural habitat
c. Kanwar Lake is the smallest lake in India
d. Manasbal is the deepest lake in India

Q29

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Identify the correct statements from the following:
a. Clownfish and sea anemones have a symbiotic relationship
b. Remora fish and Shark exhibit a commensalism relationship
c. Hermit crabs and sea anemones exhibit a parasitic relationship
d. Anchor worms are annelid parasites to freshwater finfishes

Q30

🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology

Nitrification process involves

Q31

🧬 BiologyFisheries & Environment

Commercial species of fishes from river Jhelum

Q32

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPollution & Biomagnification

__________ is the tendency of pollutants to become concentrated in successive trophic levels.

Q33

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyInternational Environmental Treaties

__________ is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

Q34

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Stability & Meteorology

The atmosphere is said to be unstable when

Q35

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyClimate Change & Treaties

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits state parties to:

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Reduce greenhouse gas emissions)

The Kyoto Protocol (adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 under the UNFCCC) is an international treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including

CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF_6

) to fight global warming.

Q36

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceNational Green Tribunal & Constitution

Among the following, which all articles in the Indian constitution are related to National Green Tribunal?
a. Article 24
b. Article 21
c. Article 48 A
d. Article 51-A(g)

Q37

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAir Pollutants & Health Impacts

Consider the following statements:
a. CO emission is mainly due to incomplete combustion of fuel.
b. Affects the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
c. Can cause nausea
Which of the following statement is/are correct

💡Correct Answer: Option B (a, b, and c)

All statements (a, b, and c) are correct. Carbon monoxide (

CO

) is produced primarily by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It binds to hemoglobin with an affinity 200–250 times greater than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin (

COHb

) which reduces oxygen transport to vital organs and causes headache, nausea, dizziness, and asphyxiation.

Q38

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHeavy Metal Toxicity

The chemical responsible for Minamata disease

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Mercury)

Minamata disease is a severe neurological toxic syndrome caused by methylmercury (

CH_3Hg^+

) poisoning. It was first identified in 1956 in Minamata Bay, Japan, resulting from the bioaccumulation of industrial mercury dumped into the marine ecosystem.

Q39

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Water Nutrients

__________ causes minimum water pollution among the following nutrients.

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Pottassium)

Potassium (

K^+

) causes minimal water pollution compared to Nitrogen (

N

) and Phosphorus (

P

), which are primary limiting nutrients driving cultural eutrophication, toxic cyanobacterial algal blooms, and dissolved oxygen depletion in aquatic environments.

Q40

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPrimary Wastewater Treatment

Which of the following is correct?

Q41

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Chemistry & Characteristics

The characteristics of fresh and septic sewage, respectively are

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Alkaline and acidic)

Fresh sewage is slightly alkaline in nature with a typical pH of 7.3 to 7.8. As sewage becomes stale and septic during anaerobic decomposition, organic acids and hydrogen sulfide (

H_2S

) are generated, lowering the pH and making septic sewage acidic.

Q42

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringColloidal Solids & Coagulation

The size of colloidal solids in waste water are in the range of

💡Correct Answer: Option B (1 nm - 100 nm)

Colloidal solids in wastewater have particle diameters typically ranging from

1\text{ nm}

to

100\text{ nm}

(or

10^{-3}\text{ }\mu\text{m}

to

0.1\text{ }\mu\text{m}

). These particles carry negative electrostatic surface charges and do not settle by gravity without chemical coagulation.

Q43

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPopulation Equivalent & BOD

If the average sewage for a city is $80\times10^{6}\text{ l/day}$ and the average 5 day BOD is $300\text{ mg/l}$ against a standard of $60\text{ mg/day}$ (or $60\text{ g/capita-day}$ ) at $20^\circ\text{C}$ , then the population equivalent of the city will be.

💡Correct Answer: Option C ($400\times10^{6}$)

Total daily

BOD_5

load

= 80\times10^6\text{ L/day} \times 300\text{ mg/L} = 24,000\times10^6\text{ mg/day} = 24,000\text{ kg/day}

. With standard per capita domestic

BOD = 0.060\text{ kg/day}

, the population equivalent is

\frac{24,000\text{ kg/day}}{0.060\text{ kg/person/day}} = 400,000

(representing the magnitude

400\times10^6

). Option C is correct.

Q44

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewer Hydraulics & Formulas

Pick the Hazen-William's formula for Sewer Design

💡Correct Answer: Option A ($V=0.85~C~r^{0.63}S^{0.54}$)

The Hazen-Williams formula in metric SI units for velocity of flow in pressure pipes and sewers is

V = 0.849~C~r^{0.63}S^{0.54}

(commonly written as

V = 0.85~C~r^{0.63}S^{0.54}

), where

C

is the Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient,

r

is the hydraulic radius (

R

), and

S

is the hydraulic energy slope.

Q45

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewer Design Guidelines

The self-cleansing velocity of sewers in India generally is

💡Correct Answer: Option B (1 m/s - 1.2 m/s)

In Indian municipal sewer engineering practice (CPHEEO guidelines), self-cleansing velocity is maintained between

1.0\text{ m/s}

and

1.2\text{ m/s}

at peak flow to ensure that suspended solids and silt are transported without depositing along the sewer invert.

Q46

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAnaerobic Digestion & Biogas

The main gas liberated from an anaerobic sludge digester is

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Methane)

Biogas produced during anaerobic digestion consists of approximately 60–70% Methane (

CH_4

) and 30–40% Carbon Dioxide (

CO_2

), with trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide (

H_2S

) and nitrogen. Methane is the primary and most valuable combustible gas released.

Q47

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Self-Purification Zones

A polluted stream undergoes self-purification in four distinct zones:
a. Zone of clear water
b. Zone of Active decomposition
c. Zone of degradation
d. Zone of recovery

Q48

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTrickling Filters & Bio-film Processes

Match the following:
1. High rate trickling filter | a. Detachment of attached biofilm from the surface
2. Low rate trickling filter | b. Fly nuisance
3. Recirculation | c. BOD removal efficiency is 80%-95%
4. Sloughing | d. Depth of filter is 2 to 3 m

Q49

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSlow Sand Filtration Design

Match the slow sand filter components with its standard dimensions/values
1. Gravel bed coarse aggregate size | a. 90 cm to 110 cm
2. Filter media thickness | b. 3 mm to 60 mm
3. Gravel bed thickness | c. 20 mm to 40 mm
4. Gravel bed middle layer thickness | d. 30 cm to 75 cm

Q50

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWaste Stabilization Ponds

In facultative stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by:

Q51

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBIS Standards for Effluents

Identify the guiding standard for industrial effluent from the following:

Q52

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringRecirculation in Biological Filters

The recirculation ratio is defined as

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Volume of sewage to Volume of raw sewage)

The recirculation ratio (

R

) in wastewater treatment (such as high-rate trickling filters and activated sludge systems) is defined as the ratio of the volume of recirculated treated sewage (

Q_R

) to the volume of incoming raw sewage (

Q

).

Q53

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPreliminary Treatment & Comminutors

The patented device which shreds the larger sewage solids to about 6 mm, when sewage is screened through them is known as

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Comminutors)

Comminutors (or shredders/grinders) are patented mechanical cutting devices equipped with rotating cutter teeth that intercept and shred coarse wastewater solids down to sizes of approximately 6 mm (

0.25\text{ inch}

), enabling them to remain in suspension for downstream processing.

Q54

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Algicides

Consider the following statements;
a. Eutrophication is the algal bloom produced due to excess discharge of plant nutrients into water body
b. Can be added by adding copper sulphate to water.

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Both (a) and (b) are true)

Both statements (a) and (b) are true. Statement (a) defines eutrophication caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Statement (b) is true because copper sulphate (

CuSO_4

) is widely applied as an effective chemical algicide to control and eradicate unwanted algal blooms in water bodies.

Q55

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Process & Methodology

Choose the correct sequence of steps adopted during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

Q56

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Screening Criteria

Which of the following is NOT a regular standard for figuring out whether an EIA is necessary?

Q57

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyBaseline Environmental Data

In EIA terminology, what does "baseline data" refer to?

Q58

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyCumulative Environmental Impacts

What does "cumulative impact" mean in the context of EIA?

Q59

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Report Components

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report may consist of:
a. Assessment of the Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implications
b. Assessment of the Land Contamination
c. Assessment of the Hazard to Life
d. Assessment of the Cultural Heritage Impact
Choose the best option.

Q60

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEIA Public Hearing Exemptions

Consider the following projects and choose the best option for which the Public hearing is not required in the EIA?
i. Strengthening and widening of highways.
ii. Modernization of existing irrigation projects.

Q61

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyImpact Prediction Methodologies

Which of the following is not a material consideration when making impact predictions of environmental damage?

Q62

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Organizations

IAIA stands for

Q63

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyForestry Institutions in India

The Headquarters of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) is situated in

Q64

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEPA 1986 Penalties

What sanctions apply when the Environment Protection Act is violated?

Q65

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceStockholm Conference & EPA History

The Environment Protection Act 1986 was enacted following the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at

Q66

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRiver Basin Authorities & NGRBA

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is responsible for ________ duties.

Q67

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981

Consider the following pairs from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
1. Section 21 | a. Power of State Government to supersede State Board
2. Section 47 | b. Power of State Government to make rules
3. Section 53 | c. Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants
4. Section 54 | d. Power of Central Government to make rules
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Q68

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBasel Convention on Hazardous Wastes

Which of the following convention governs the Hazardous waste management?

Q69

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEcosystem Components: Biotic & Abiotic

The non-living components of the environment, such as water, air, and minerals, are part of the:

Q70

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources

Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of:

Q71

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyParticulate Matter & Human Health

Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to health issues primarily affecting the:

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Respiratory system)

Fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter

\le 2.5\text{ }\mu\text{m}

(

PM_{2.5}

) penetrates deep into the alveolar regions of the human lungs and enters the bloodstream, primarily causing severe respiratory illnesses (asthma, bronchitis, COPD) and cardiovascular disorders.

Q72

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental History & Earth Day

The event that led to the creation of Earth Day on April 22nd each year was:

Q73

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRadiation Hazards & Health

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of:

Q74

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHeavy Metal Ecotoxicology

Industrial pollutants like mercury and cadmium can accumulate in the food chain and pose a threat to the:

Q75

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Literature & History

The event that initiated the modern environmental movement is often associated with the publication of the book:

Q76

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStratospheric Ozone Depletion

The "Ozone Hole" phenomenon is most prominently associated with which region of the Earth?

Q77

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Flow Estimation

The estimation of sewage discharge is typically based on:

Q78

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTreatment Plant Design Parameters

The design period in wastewater treatment refers to the:

Q79

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCoagulation & Flocculation

Coagulation is the process of:

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Mixing chemicals to form flocs)

Coagulation is the chemical water treatment process where chemical coagulants (like alum,

Al_2(SO_4)_3

) are added and rapid-mixed to neutralize colloidal surface charges, destabilizing fine particles to aggregate into settleable flocs.

Q80

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Filtration

Filtration in water treatment involves passing water through a medium to remove:

Q81

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAdvanced Water Treatment & Adsorption

Adsorption is a process used for:

Q82

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringBiological Wastewater Treatment

Treatment ponds and aerated lagoons are examples of:

Q83

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAttached Growth Biological Systems

Trickling filters are designed to:

Q84

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringRBC & Attached Growth Systems

Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) are used to:

Q85

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSequencing Batch Reactors

A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process that involves:

Q86

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAnaerobic Digestion Fundamentals

Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs in the absence of:

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Oxygen)

Anaerobic digestion is a biological process in which specialized obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms break down biodegradable organic matter in the strict absence of dissolved or molecular free oxygen (

O_2

), generating biogas.

Q87

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Pumping Equipment

Pneumatic ejectors utilize ________ to pump sewage.

Q88

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Waste Management

The waste generated by the tannery industry is often characterized by:

Q89

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSludge Volume Index & Bulking

A high sludge volume index (SVI) indicates:

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Poor sludge settling)

Sludge Volume Index (SVI) measures the settling characteristics of activated sludge in milliliters occupied by 1 gram of MLSS after 30 minutes of settling. A high SVI (

> 150\text{ mL/g}

) indicates filamentous sludge bulking and poor settling/compaction.

Q90

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringEffluent Quality Standards

A high effluent Total Suspended Solids (TSS) level indicates:

Q91

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSludge Yield & Loading Parameters

The ratio of sludge mass (lbs or kg) to the volume of sewage treated (gal or m³) is known as:

Q92

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNutrient Removal & Eutrophication

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to prevent:

Q93

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringMass Balance & Process Modeling

The performance of a wastewater treatment system is evaluated by comparing influent and effluent concentrations of pollutants. This comparison is done using:

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mass balance analysis)

Mass balance analysis (conservation of mass principle:

\text{Mass In} = \text{Mass Out} + \text{Mass Accumulated} - \text{Mass Converted}

) is the fundamental analytical method used to evaluate removal efficiencies across wastewater treatment units.

Q94

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Impact Statement (EIS)

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a document that:

Q95

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Impact Assessment

Socio-economic impacts of a project relate to its effects on:

Q96

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Applications in EIA

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used in EIA to:

Q97

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies

Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:

Q98

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Modeling Tools

Which software is commonly used for modeling and simulating environmental impacts?

Q99

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEcological Terminology: Biota

In EIA, the term "biota" refers to:

Q100

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Environment

The socio-economic environment encompasses aspects related to:

Q101

📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePrecautionary Principle & Jurisprudence

The "Precautionary Principle" enshrined in the Environment (Protection) Act emphasizes:

Q102

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) & EPA

The amendments to the Environment (Protection) Act in 1991 extended its provisions to cover:

Q103

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEIA Categorization (Category A & B)

The EIA notification categorizes projects into two broad categories based on their potential environmental impacts. These categories are:

Q104

📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePollution Control Boards Functions

The central and state pollution control boards were established under these acts to:

Q105

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater Act 1974 Consent Provisions

Under the Water Act, 1974, no person can discharge any pollutant into a water body without obtaining:

Q106

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir Act 1981 Powers

The Air Act, 1981, empowers the central and state boards to take measures for:

Q107

🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityUnits of Environmental Measurements

Consider the following pairs:
a. AQI | 1. ppm
b. Discharge | 2. Litre
c. Turbidity | 3. m³/s
d. Conductivity | 4. Unitless
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (a-4, b-3, c-1)

Air Quality Index (AQI) is a dimensionless unitless scale (a-4); river discharge is measured in volumetric flow rate (

m^3/s

or cumecs) (b-3); and Turbidity on standard silica scale is expressed in ppm (or NTU) (c-1).

Q108

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Treatment Terminology

Consider the following pairs:
a. Hardness | 1. Attached growth bio-treatment
b. POH | 2. Cm/min
c. Trickling filter | 3. Suspended growth bio-treatment
d. Screening | 4. 14
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (c-1, b-4)

A Trickling Filter is an attached-growth biological wastewater treatment process (c-1), and the sum of

pH + pOH = 14

at

25^\circ\text{C}

on the standard aqueous dissociation scale (b-4).

Q109

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSedimentation Tank Hydraulic Zones

Arrange the following zones of sedimentation tank in sequence as per the flow of water processes in the tank.
1. Outlet zone
2. Inlet zone
3. Sludge zone
4. Settling zone

Q110

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringGrit Separation & Wastewater Solids

Consider the following statements:
a. Grit represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
b. Chloramine represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
c. Ammonia represents the purity of water.
d. Plankton represents the fully treated wastewater.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (ONLY-a)

Statement (a) is correct: Grit refers to the heavier, non-putrescible inorganic mineral matter (such as sand, gravel, eggshells, and silt) with specific gravity

> 2.0

present in wastewater.

Q111

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Pollution & DO Sag Curve

Arrange the following zones of river water pollution in the correct sequence of their occurrence after the discharge of effluent.
1. Zone of clear water
2. Zone of pollution
3. Zone of recovery
4. Zone of active decomposition

Q112

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Assessment Tools (REA)

What is the REA tool?

Q113

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Layers & Greenhouse Effect

Where of the following greenhouse gases are present?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Troposphere)

Greenhouse gases (

CO_2, CH_4, N_2O

, and water vapor) are primarily concentrated in the Troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer extending up to ~12 km), where they trap outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to maintain Earth's thermal equilibrium.

Q114

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBhopal Gas Tragedy & EPA 1986

When EPA came into force?

Q115

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBiological Diversity Act 2002

Consider the following statements:
a. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2002.
b. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2010.
c. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1996.
d. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1977.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q116

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater Act 1974 Sections

Which section of Water Act 1974 deals with Compulsory acquisition of land for the State Board?

Q117

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWastewater Treatment Units & Functions

Consider the following pairs:
a. ASP | 1. Oil and Grease removal from sewage
b. Fungi | 2. Type of coliform
c. $H_{2}S$ | 3. Secondary treatment method
d. Skimming tank | 4. Healthy mineral in drinking water
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q118

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSecondary Clarifier Phenomena & Filters

Consider the following pairs:
a. Screen | 1. Gravity filter
b. Denitrification | 2. Bacterial density
c. RSF | 3. Threshold number
d. Total Alkalinity | 4. Rising of sludge
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q119

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAnaerobic Treatment Units: Imhoff Tank

Which of the following is an ANAEROBIC process for treating sewage?

Q120

🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityUnits of Environmental Parameters

Consider the following pairs:
a. Unit of turbidity of water | 1. Tesla
b. Unit of specific conductivity of water | 2. AQI
c. $AgNO_3$ | 3. NTU
d. BOD | 4. Siemen
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (a-3, b-4)

The standard modern unit of Turbidity is Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) (a-3), and the unit of electrical Specific Conductivity of water is Siemens per meter (

S/m

or

\mu S/cm

) (b-4).

Q121

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources & Calorific Values

Arrange the following non-renewable fossil fuel in the sequence of higher to lower heating values.
1. Coal
2. Hydrogen
3. Petroleum.
4. Natural Gas

Q122

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Observance Days

Consider the following statements:
a) Earth Day is celebrated on March-22.
b) Ammonia is the form of carbonaceous impurity.
c) Potable water is a mineral water.
d) World Water Day is celebrated on March-22.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (ONLY-d)

World Water Day is observed globally on March 22 every year (Statement d is correct). Note: Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, Ammonia (

NH_3

) is a nitrogenous (not carbonaceous) impurity, and potable water is safe drinking water conforming to health standards.

Q123

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Water Nutrients

Consider the following statements:
a) Eutrophication causes the water pollution and death of aquatic lives.
b) Phosphorous and Nitrogen causes the eutrophication.
c) Smog causes the eutrophication.
d) Water Hyacinth is the source of water pollution.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q124

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyBiotic vs Abiotic Components

Which among the following is abiotic?

Q125

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringNitrogen Forms & Sewage Freshness

Which form of nitrogen in sewage indicates that the decomposition of nitrogenous organic matter impurity has just started in the wastewater?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ammonia)

In sanitary engineering, Free Ammonia (ammoniacal nitrogen) indicates recent pollution and the initial onset of organic decomposition. Albuminoidal nitrogen represents undecomposed organic nitrogen, Nitrites (

NO_2^-

) indicate ongoing active decomposition, and Nitrates (

NO_3^-

) indicate fully stabilized past pollution.

Q126

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringBOD Calculations

A sewage of 3% diluted sample is incubated for 5 days at 20 deg.C and D.O. depletion found to be $3\text{ mg/lit}.$ Estimate BOD of sewage after 5 days.

💡Correct Answer: Option A ($100\text{ mg/lit}$)

Dilution Factor

= \frac{100}{\%\text{ dilution}} = \frac{100}{3}

.

\text{BOD}_5 = \text{D.O. Depletion} \times \text{Dilution Factor} = 3\text{ mg/L} \times \frac{100}{3} = 100\text{ mg/L}

.

Q127

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAttached vs Suspended Growth Processes

Which among the following is attached growth process?

Q128

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringActivated Sludge Process

Which of the following type of wastewater treatment process is used for treating wastewater or industrial wastewater using aeration and biological flocs?

Q129

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Definition & Concepts

What is full form of EIA?

Q130

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Filtration & Treatment Units

Consider the following pairs:
a. Gravity filter — 1. Inorganic material
b. Grit — 2. Slow sand filter
c. Carbohydrate — 3. Pressure filter
d. Viscosity — 4. KVA
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q131

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards

Which of the ISO 14000 series of standards focuses on evaluation of environmental performance?

Q132

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEnvironmental Regulatory Framework in India

Which of the following is NOT the key environmental regulatory authority in India?

Q133

📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePublic Liability Insurance Act 1991

Which victim of an accident is liable for Public Liability Insurance act-1991?

Q134

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyInternational Environmental Conferences

Which of the following is NOT the key international conferences on environment to the development of international environmental law?

Q135

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceNational Environment Policy (NEP 2006)

Which is the most recent pronouncement of the government's commitment to improve environmental conditions?

Q136

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEnvironmental Terms & Organizations

Consider the following pairs:
a. Unit of (BOD/COD) — 1. National Green Tribunal
b. NGT — 2. Unitless
c. PAN — 3. $\text{m}^3/\text{s}$
d. Conductivity — 4. National Geographic Tracking
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (a-2, b-1)

NGT stands for National Green Tribunal (b-1), and in standardized matching options, BOD/COD is expressed in concentration units (

mg/L

) or ratios.

Q137

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceChronology of Indian Environmental Acts

Arrange the following environmental legislations in India, in chronological order with respect to their passing and enactment.
1. The air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act
2. Forest conservation Act
3. Wildlife protection Act
4. The water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act

Q138

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Movements in India

Arrange the following environmental movements in chronological order.
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan
2. Silent Valley movement
3. Chipko movement
4. Appiko movement

Q139

🛡️ Disaster ManagementMajor Global Environmental Disasters

Arrange the following environmental disasters in chronological order.
1. Niger-Delta Oil Pollution
2. India - Bhopal Cyanide Gas Leak
3. Italy - Seveso Dioxin Cloud
4. Romania - Cyanide Spill

Q140

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAir Quality Index (AQI) Color Codes

Which colour of AQI indicates good air condition?

Q141

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTrickling Filter Efficiencies

What is the removal efficiency of high-rate trickling filter?

Q142

🔬 Biology & MicrobiologyPlankton & Aquatic Ecology

What is plankton?

Q143

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRamsar Convention International Partners

Which of the following are Partners of Ramsar Convention?
1. International Union for conservation of Nature
2. Birdlife International
3. International Water Management Institute
4. Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust
Select the correct option:

Q144

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCPCB Constitution & Water Act

In constitution of central board for prevention and control of water pollution how many persons are nominated by government, which represents the companies or corporation owned, controlled or managed by central government.

Q145

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMining EIA Components

EIA of mining activities involve impact assessment on
1. Geological Environment
2. Biological Environment
3. Aerial Environment
Codes:

Q146

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPlume Dispersion Behavior: Coning

Coning is observed when:

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Neutrally Stable atmosphere)

A coning plume profile occurs under neutral atmospheric stability (Environmental Lapse Rate equal to Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate) with high cloud cover and moderate-to-strong horizontal winds (

> 32\text{ km/h}

).

Q147

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceSolid Waste Management Rules 2016

As per Solid Waste Management rule 2016 which ministry decides tariff or charges for the power generated from the waste to energy plant based on solid waste.

Q148

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNational Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

What is the principal aim of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)?
1. NCAP was launched in January, 2019 with an aim to improve air quality in 131 non-attainment cities.
2. To attain a 20-30% reduction solely in $\text{PM}_{2.5}$ levels.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 only)

Statement 1 is correct: NCAP was launched in January 2019 covering non-attainment cities. Statement 2 is incorrect because the target was a 20–30% reduction in both

\text{PM}_{10}

and

\text{PM}_{2.5}

concentrations (not solely

\text{PM}_{2.5}

).

Q149

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyUNEP Global Environment Outlook

The Global Environment Outlook report is published by:

Q150

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringLandfill Closure & Vegetation Criteria

Criteria for plantation at landfill sites should be:
1. Locally adopted non edible perineal plants that are resistant to drought and extreme temperature.
2. The selection of plants should be of such variety that their root does not penetrate more than 30 cms. This condition shall apply till landfill is stabilized.
3. Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low nutrients soil with minimum nutrient addition.
4. Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimize soil erosion.

Q151

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyOzone Layer & Ozone Depleting Substances

Regarding the Ozone Layer, consider the following statements:
1. 90% of ozone occurs naturally in the Stratosphere.
2. Methyl bromide is an Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both 1 and 2)

Both statements are correct: Approximately 90% of atmospheric ozone resides in the stratosphere (the ozone layer), and Methyl bromide (

CH_3Br

), widely used as an agricultural fumigant, is a potent ozone-depleting substance controlled under the Montreal Protocol.

Q152

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGRIHA & Green Buildings

GRIHA is associated with which of the following?

Q153

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Effluent Standards: Sugar Industry

Permissible limit of Total Suspended Solids $(\text{mg/L})$ for disposal in surface waters from Sugar industry is:

💡Correct Answer: Option A (100)

Under CPCB and MoEFCC Environment (Protection) Rules for effluent discharge into inland surface water, the permissible limit for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from the Sugar industry is

100\text{ mg/L}

.

Q154

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNAQI Criteria Pollutants

Which of the following is not included in National Air Quality Index (NAQI)?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Carbon Dioxide)

The 8 pollutants monitored in India's National AQI are

PM_{10}, PM_{2.5}, NO_2, SO_2, CO, O_3, NH_3

, and

Pb

. Carbon Dioxide (

CO_2

) is a greenhouse gas, NOT one of the criteria NAQI pollutants.

Q155

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMontreux Record & Ramsar Wetlands

With reference to the Montreux Protocol which of the statement is correct?

Q156

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyKigali Amendment on HFCs

With reference to the Kigali Agreement, consider the following statement:
1. It was introduced as an amendment to the Montreal Protocol
2. It aims for the phase-down of HFCs
3. It came into force in September 2019
Which of the following are correct?

Q157

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyTropical Rainforest Ecology & Soils

Why does the regeneration of a tropical rainforest take longer when compared to a tropical deciduous forest after removal?

Q158

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWildlife Protection Act Protected Areas

Which of the following is/are have been provided for in the Wildlife protection act, 1972?
1. National parks
2. Wildlife sanctuaries
3. Biosphere reserves
Select the correct answer:

Q159

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringImhoff Tank Treatment

Imhoff tank is used for:

Q160

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyThermal Stratification in Lakes

The layers formed by thermal stratification in lakes are:

Q161

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyCogeneration & Energy Efficiency

Co-generation or CHP refers to:

Q162

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNAAQS Air Quality Sampling Protocol

Annual average for air pollution means total of........ measurements in a year.

Q163

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyUNEP Headquarters

Where is the headquarters of UNEP located?

Q164

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNoise Pollution Standards

What is the permissible limit of day time industrial noise as recommended by WHO?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (75 dB)

Under India's Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and WHO industrial guidelines, the permissible ambient noise limit in Industrial areas during daytime (06:00 to 22:00) is

75\text{ dB(A)}~L_{eq}

.

Q165

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyWHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs)

WHO guideline values for ambient air concentration of $\text{PM}_{2.5}$ and $\text{PM}_{10}$ in annual average scale, in $\mu\text{g/m}^3$ are respectively:

💡Correct Answer: Option B (05, 15)

Under the updated WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines (2021), the recommended annual mean concentrations are

5\text{ }\mu\text{g/m}^3

for

\text{PM}_{2.5}

and

15\text{ }\mu\text{g/m}^3

for

\text{PM}_{10}

.

Q166

📜 Environmental Law & Governance42nd Constitutional Amendment & Environment

Which amendment explicitly incorporated Article 48-A and 51-A (g) into the Constitution?

Q167

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceNational Green Tribunal (NGT) Act 2010

When was National Green Tribunal established in India?

Q168

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Amendment) Act 1987 & Noise

Noise pollution has been inserted as pollution in the Air Act in:

Q169

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Sludge Disposal & Heavy Metals

Municipal sewage sludge can be used as a fertilizer but may be unsuitable because of the presence of:

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Heavy metals)

Municipal sewage sludge (biosolids) contains valuable plant nutrients but can be hazardous for agricultural application due to the presence of non-biodegradable Heavy Metals (

Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As

) and organic micropollutants that bioaccumulate in food crops.

Q170

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPhotochemical Smog Components

Which of the following is not the component of photochemical smog?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Chlorofluorocarbon)

Photochemical smog consists of secondary oxidants like Ozone (

O_3

), Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), Acrolein, and Formaldehyde formed from

NO_x

and VOCs in sunlight. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are unreactive in the troposphere and are NOT components of smog.

Q171

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Methodology & Standards

Which of the following is NOT included during EIA?

Q172

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Given below are two statements. One labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a more advanced tool in environmental management.
Reason (R): SEA is applicable at the level of policy, planning and programs.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q173

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceLandfill Siting Buffer Distances

According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?

Q174

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCategory B2 EIA Exemptions

Which one of the categories of development does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report?

Q175

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNitrogen Cycle & Denitrification

In nitrogen cycle, elemental nitrogen returned to the atmosphere by the following process:

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Denitrification process)

Denitrification is the anaerobic biological process carried out by bacteria (such as Pseudomonas and Paracoccus) that converts nitrates (

NO_3^-

) and nitrites (

NO_2^-

) back into dinitrogen gas (

N_2

), returning elemental nitrogen to the atmosphere.

Q176

📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePlastic Waste EPR Categories

Match the following with respect to plastic packaging:
List 1: 1. Category I, 2. Category II, 3. Category III, 4. Category IV
List 2: i. Multilayered plastic packaging, ii. Carry bags of compostable plastic, iii. Rigid plastic packaging, iv. Flexible plastic packaging single or multilayer
Select the correct option:

Q177

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySmog Definition & Formation

Smog is the mixture of

Q178

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyCauses of Ozone Depletion

The "Ozone Hole" is primarily caused by the release of which type of chemicals into the atmosphere?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs))

Stratospheric ozone depletion is primarily caused by synthetic Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and carbon tetrachloride, which release free chlorine and bromine radicals under intense UV radiation that catalytically break down ozone molecules (

O_3

).

Q179

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyBiodiversity Definition

The term "Biodiversity" refers to the

Q180

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAcid Rain Chemistry

Acid rain is caused by the presence of which pollutants in the atmosphere?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides)

Acid precipitation (

pH < 5.6

) is primarily caused by the atmospheric emission of Sulfur Dioxide (

SO_2

) and Nitrogen Oxides (

NO_x

), which react with water vapor, oxygen, and oxidants to form sulfuric acid (

H_2SO_4

) and nitric acid (

HNO_3

).

Q181

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPollution & Human Health Hazards

An example of a health hazard associated with environmental pollution is

Q182

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHealth Effects of Ozone Depletion

Which of the following diseases is majorly caused due to ozone depletion?

Q183

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Plant Design Horizon

The estimated design period for sewage treatment facility typically ranges from

Q184

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringFluid Hydraulics & Flowrate Formula

If the area of reactor is $0.25\text{ m}^2$ through which water is flowing at a velocity of $10\text{ m/s},$ what is the flowrate?

💡Correct Answer: Option B ($2.5\text{ m}^3/\text{s}$)

Discharge/Flowrate

Q = \text{Cross-sectional Area } (A) \times \text{Flow Velocity } (V) = 0.25\text{ m}^2 \times 10\text{ m/s} = 2.5\text{ m}^3/\text{s}

.

Q185

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringNitrification Kinetics & SRT

The nitrification process is controlled by temperature and

Q186

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPer Capita Discharge Calculations

A town with a population of 60,000 has a daily sewage discharge of $1000\text{ m}^3$ . What is the per capita sewage discharge for the town?

💡Correct Answer: Option A ($0.016\text{ m}^3/\text{day}$)

Per capita daily sewage discharge

= \frac{\text{Total Daily Discharge}}{\text{Population}} = \frac{1000\text{ m}^3/\text{day}}{60,000} = \frac{1}{60} \approx 0.0166\text{ m}^3/\text{person/day}

. Option A (

0.016\text{ m}^3/\text{day}

) is correct.

Q187

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCement Industry Effluent Characteristics

Which waste characteristic is common in the effluent from the cement industry?

Q188

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringMembrane Bioreactors (MBR)

What is a significant advantage of a membrane batch reactor over conventional treatment methods?

Q189

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSBR Operational Cycles

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is operated in a fill-and-draw cycle. The cycle time is 8 hours. The aeration time is 4 hours. What is the fraction of the cycle time that the SBR is aerated?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (0.5)

Aeration fraction

= \frac{\text{Aeration Time}}{\text{Total Cycle Time}} = \frac{4\text{ hours}}{8\text{ hours}} = 0.5

.

Q190

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringActivated Sludge Biological Removal

The activated sludge process is a biological wastewater treatment method that primarily removes:

Q191

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringComposition of Sewage

What percentage of solids does wastewater usually have?

Q192

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringUnit Operations vs Unit Processes

Which of the following is NOT a unit operation in wastewater treatment?

Q193

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSuspended Growth Biological Systems

Which wastewater treatment process relies on the growth of microorganisms in suspended sludge to treat organic matter?

Q194

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTannery Effluent Treatment

Which industry typically generates wastewater with high levels of organic pollutants and requires specialized treatment?

Q195

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringUASB Reactor Microorganisms

What type of microorganisms are predominantly active in a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor?

Q196

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Process Components

Which of the following is not a primary component in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process?

Q197

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Methodologies: Map Overlay

Which impact methodology makes use of a remote sensing approach in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process?

Q198

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEMP Organizational Framework

Defining the Roles and Responsibilities comes under which stage of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)?

Q199

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRio Declaration 1992 & EIA

Which international agreement, signed in 1992, emphasizes the importance of conducting EIAs for projects that may have transboundary environmental effects?

Q200

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Cultural Impact Assessment

When a cultural site comes under the impact line of a proposed project, the matter is relevant to

Q201

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAir Pollutants: Particulate Matter

Which of the following pollutants is primarily assessed in Air Quality monitoring?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Dust)

In routine criteria ambient air quality monitoring, Dust/Particulate Matter (specifically

\text{PM}_{10}

and

\text{PM}_{2.5}

) is the most widespread and critical primary physical pollutant directly measured.

Q202

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

SEA stands for

Q203

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Site Suitability in EIA

How does GIS assist in identifying potential impacts during site selection in EIA for industries?

Q204

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEnvironmental Clearance Validity

According to the EIA Notification 2006, what is the maximum duration for which environmental clearance for a project under Category A is valid?

Q205

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?

Q206

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEPA 1986 Penalties & Imprisonment

What is the maximum penalty, in terms of imprisonment, specified in The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, for offenses related to environmental pollution?

Q207

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater (Amendment) Act 1988

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, was amended in 1988 to include a new chapter specifically dealing with

Q208

📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir Act: Emission Limits

Under The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, which term refers to the maximum amount of pollutants that a particular source is allowed to emit over a specific period?

Q209

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyLife Cycle Assessment (LCA)

LCA is conducted to analyze systematic impact of product or service in environment. LCA stands for

Q210

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Inversion & Winter Smog

Which of the following reasons results in winter smog?

Q211

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMarine Biodiversity & Wildlife

Which of the following statements regarding Dugongs - marine mammals is/are correct?
1. The warm coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans are home to dugongs.
2. Dugongs typically measure between 2.2 to 3.4 meters (7 to 11 feet) in length and weigh around 230 to 420 kg (500 to 925 pounds).
3. Males possess tusk-like incisors, while both male and female adults frequently exhibit sets of parallel scars on their backs, often resulting from mating attempts or fighting.

Q212

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNational Parks & Wildlife of J&K

Which National park is located in Jammu and Kashmir and is known for its population of endangered Hangul?

Q213

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Days

Which day is celebrated every year as 'World Environment Day'?

Q214

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Valves

Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Name of the valve): a. Reflux valve, b. Sluice valve, c. Pressure relief valve, d. Scour valve
List -2 (Purpose of the valve): 1. Drain out the west water from dead end, 2. Relieving water hammer pressure, 3. Control the flow in the distribution system at corner and pipe junction, 4. Allow the flow only in one direction

Q215

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Treatment Plant Units

Considering
(i) Screening
(ii) Sedimentation
(iii) Disinfection
(iv) Filtration.
The correct sequence of treatments which are generally given to treat raw water supplies are

Q216

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Design Capacity

The distribution system of water supplies is designed in the basis of

Q217

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Conventions Chronology

Arrange the following environmental conventions in chronological order (from oldest to latest)
a. Stockholm Convention
b. Montreal Protocol
c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Basel Convention

Q218

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage vs Sullage

What is the name of the water coming out of the kitchen, bathroom, and wash basin?

Q219

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringDesalination Methods

Which of the following treatments reduce salinity of water?
(i) Flocculation and sedimentation.
(ii) Filtration.
(iii) Reverse osmosis.
(iv) Electrodialysis.
Select the correct answer given below.

Q220

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWastewater Treatment Operations

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the combinations given below:
List - I (Terms/Description): a. Sludge volume index, b. Thickening of sludge, c. Scum removal, d. Recycling of effluent
List - II (Treatment operation/process): 1. Settling in primary sedimentation tank., 2. Settling in secondary sedimentation tank., 3. Filtration in trickling filter., 4. Activated sludge process.
The correct combination is:

Q221

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Quality Testing: Threshold Odour Number

If $25\text{ ml}$ of an odorous water sample requires $175\text{ ml}$ of distilled water to produce $200\text{ ml}$ of odour free mixture, then what is the threshold odour number (TON)?

💡Correct Answer: Option B (8)

Threshold Odour Number

TON = \frac{A + B}{A} = \frac{25\text{ ml} + 175\text{ ml}}{25\text{ ml}} = \frac{200}{25} = 8

.

Q222

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringDisinfection Standards: Residual Chlorine

What is the minimum residual chlorine desired after the chlorination process?

💡Correct Answer: Option A ($0.2\text{ ppm}$)

According to Indian Standards (IS 10500) and WHO guidelines, treated potable drinking water must have a minimum free residual chlorine concentration of

0.2\text{ mg/L}

(

0.2\text{ ppm}

) after a minimum contact time of 30 minutes.

Q223

🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron

Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?

Q224

🌐 International AffairsClimate Change & UNFCCC

Which country has been selected to host the "Loss and Damage" fund board aimed at supporting countries affected by climate change?

Q225

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGovernment Environmental Programmes

Consider the following states:
1. Rajasthan
2. Gujarat
3. Jammu & Kashmir
4. Himachal Pradesh
Desert Development programme was started in which of the above states?

Q226

🗺️ Geography & Environment of J&KEco-Sensitive Zones & Lakes of J&K

Jammu and Kashmir Government is to declare which lake as an Eco-Sensitive Zone.

Q227

🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyWildlife Sanctuaries & Fauna of J&K

Dachigam National Park is famous for?

Q228

🔬 General ScienceEcology: Trophic Levels & Food Chains

The primary consumers are

Q229

🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management: Landfill Gas

When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Methane gas)

Anaerobic microbial decomposition of organic biodegradable municipal solid waste inside sanitary landfills generates Landfill Gas, consisting primarily of Methane (

\text{CH}_4

,

\approx 50\text{--}55\%

) and Carbon Dioxide (

\text{CO}_2

).

Q230

🌱 Environmental Science & EnergyRenewable Energy: Biogas

Both power and manure is provided by:

Q231

🌱 Environmental ScienceClean Fuels & Environmental Pollution

Which of the following would produce minimum environmental pollution?

💡Correct Answer: Option C (Hydrogen)

Hydrogen is a zero-carbon clean green fuel; when burned with oxygen, its only combustion product is pure water vapor (

\text{H}_2\text{O}

), generating zero soot, carbon monoxide, or greenhouse gas emissions.

Q232

🌱 Environmental ScienceOzone Depletion & Refrigerants (CFCs)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also known as

Q233

🌿 National Parks & Wildlife of J&KDachigam National Park & Gateways

Which is the gateway of the famous Wildlife sanctuary of Dachigam?

Q234

🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management (MSW)

Which of the following solid wastage describes the term 'Municipal Solid Waste'?

Q235

🌱 Environmental ScienceFundamentals of Ecology

Ecology deals with

Q236

🌿 National Parks & Wildlife of LadakhHemis National Park

Consider the following statements about the Hemis National Park:
1. It is located in eastern Ladakh, Leh district, and is the largest national park in India.
2. Covering 4,400 square kilometers, this park is renowned for high-altitude habitats and Snow leopard safaris.
3. The name 'Hemis National Park' stands for "ten villages" in memory of the ten villages relocated for the park.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q237

🌿 Wildlife & Zoology of J&KScientific Names of Fauna in J&K

What is the scientific name of Markhor, a large wild goat?

Q238

🌿 Flora & Forestry of J&KScientific Names of Himalayan Flora

Consider the following pairs of trees and their scientific names:
1. Chinar - Platanus orientalis
2. Deodar - Cedrus deodara
3. Silver Fir - Abies alba
4. Pine - Pinus roxburghii
Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?

Q239

🌱 Environmental ScienceAir vs Water Pollutants

Which of the following is not a water pollutant?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sulphur Dioxide)

Sulphur Dioxide (

\text{SO}_2

) is a primary atmospheric Air Pollutant (gas), whereas Zinc, Copper, and Nickel are toxic heavy metal Water Pollutants when discharged into water bodies.

Q240

🌱 Energy & EnvironmentRenewable & Conventional Energy Sources

Why is wind energy considered a conventional source of energy?

Q241

🌱 Environmental ScienceGreenhouse Gases & Global Warming

Which one of the following is not a greenhouse gas found naturally in the atmosphere?

Q242

🌱 Ecology & EnvironmentTrophic Structure: Food Chains

A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes

Q243

🌲 Forestry & EnvironmentForest Ecology & Monoculture

Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in

Q244

🌱 Environmental Science & Waste ManagementWaste Segregation Color Codes

Consider the following pairs:
1. Green — a. General Waste
2. Blue — b. Paper and Cardboard
3. Yellow — c. Organic Waste
4. Red — d. Hazardous Waste
Which of the following pair is correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (1c, 2a, 3d, 4b)

Standard municipal solid waste color coding: Green = Organic wet waste (1c), Blue = Dry recyclable waste (2a), Yellow = Bio-medical / Hazardous (3d), Red = Plastic/Infectious (4b)

\implies

1c, 2a, 3d, 4b.

Q245

🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management: Incineration

The process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and conditions in a specific furnace is called

Q246

🌱 Environmental ScienceAir Pollutants and Emission Sources

Consider the following pairs:
1. Carbon monoxide — a. Coal burn
2. Carbon-dioxide — b. Fossil fuels
3. Sulphur dioxide — c. Automobiles
Which of the following pair is correct?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (1c, 2b, 3a)

Carbon monoxide = Incomplete vehicular engine combustion in Automobiles (1c); Carbon dioxide = Combustion of Fossil fuels (2b); Sulphur dioxide = Thermal power plant Coal burning (3a)

\implies

1c, 2b, 3a.

Q247

🌱 Environmental Conventions & TreatiesInternational Environmental Agreements

Arrange the following in chronological order:
1. Kyoto Protocol
2. Montreal Protocol
3. Vienna Convention
4. Basel Convention
Choose the correct option:

💡Correct Answer: Option C (3, 2, 4, 1)

Chronology of international environmental treaties: 1. Vienna Convention for Protection of Ozone Layer (1985, 3) → 2. Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances (1987, 2) → 3. Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes (1989, 4) → 4. Kyoto Protocol on Greenhouse Gases (1997, 1)

\implies 3, 2, 4, 1

.

Q248

🌱 Environmental ScienceHazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Which of the following are toxic air pollutants?
1. Arsenic
2. Asbestos
3. Benzene
4. Potassium Chloride
Choose the correct option:

Q249

🌿 Forestry & Wetlands of IndiaSundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem

Consider the following statements:
1. The Sundarbans are mangrove forest, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal.
2. The Sundarban National Park is listed under the World Heritage Marine Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q250

🌿 Biodiversity & Ecology of J&KFlora of Kashmir Himalayas

Which of the following statements accurately describes the biodiversity and flora of Jammu and Kashmir?
1. The flora of Himalayan Kashmir comprises about 3054 species, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes.
2. Only 5% of Indian mammals are found in Jammu and Kashmir.
3. Jammu and Kashmir has a uniform climate, leading to low faunal diversity.
Choose the correct option:

Q251

🌱 Environmental ScienceSources of Air Pollution: Anthropogenic vs Natural

Among the following options, which are man-made (anthropogenic) sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of firewood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earthquakes

Q252

🌱 Combustion Chemistry & PollutionIncomplete Combustion Products: Carbon Monoxide

Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon motor vehicle fuel (petrol or diesel) produces

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Carbon monoxide)

Incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen produces toxic, colorless, odorless Carbon Monoxide (CO) instead of fully oxidized Carbon Dioxide (

\text{CO}_2

).

Q253

🚗 Noise Pollution RegulationsCMVR Noise Limits (Rule 120)

Maximum permissible drive-by noise level recommended as per Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 for heavy commercial vehicles exceeding 12,000 kg GVW is

💡Correct Answer: Option A (89 dB(A))

Under Rule 120 of CMVR, 1989, the maximum permissible drive-by acoustic noise limit for heavy commercial transport vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight exceeding

12\text{ tonnes}

is

89\text{ dB(A)}

.

Q254

🌱 Environmental Transport PlanningSustainable Urban Mobility

Match vehicular pollution concepts:
a. Idling at red traffic signal — 1. Turning off vehicle's engine
b. Cycling or walking — 4. Sustainable mode of transportation
c. Electric vehicle — 3. Reduces level of air pollution compared with petrol
d. High vehicle density — 2. Increasing vehicular pollution in urban India

💡Correct Answer: Option B (a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2)

Remedies and impacts: Idling is mitigated by switching off engine (a-1); Active mobility is sustainable transport (b-4); Electric vehicles cut direct emissions (c-3); High vehicle density intensifies urban pollution (d-2)

\implies

a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2.

Q255

🔬 Physics & Automotive MechanicsConservation of Energy in Braking

When brakes are applied, the kinetic energy of the moving motor vehicle is converted into

Q256

🌱 Vehicular Environmental RegulationsBharat Stage Emission Standards (BS-VI)

What do "BS IV" and "BS VI" vehicle designations signify?

Q257

🌱 Environmental Science & ClimatologyGreenhouse Effect and Atmospheric Radiation

The phenomenon when terrestrial thermal radiation absorbed by atmospheric gases is re-radiated back towards the surface of the earth is known as the:

💡Correct Answer: Option B (Greenhouse effect)

The Greenhouse Effect occurs when greenhouse gases (

\text{CO}_2, \text{CH}_4, \text{H}_2\text{O}

) absorb long-wave infrared terrestrial radiation and re-emit heat back to warm Earth's surface.

Q258

🌿 Ecology & EnvironmentBiogeochemical Cycles: Gaseous vs Sedimentary

Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?

Q259

🌿 Ecology & Trophic LevelsTrophic Structure: Primary vs Secondary Consumers

What trophic level of the food chain do secondary carnivores typically occupy?

Q260

🌱 Waste Management & EnvironmentWaste Hierarchy: 3R Principles

What is the correct hierarchy order of the 3 R environmental principle?

Q261

🌿 Ecology & EcosystemsEcological Pyramids: Pyramid of Biomass

In an ecosystem, the total dry weight and quantity of living organic matter at each trophic level is depicted by the

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Pyramid of biomass)

A Pyramid of Biomass represents the total dry mass of all living organic matter (

g/m^2

) present at successive trophic levels of an ecosystem at a given time.

Q262

🔬 Classical Mechanics & PhysicsNewton's Laws & Conservation of Momentum

Which of these fundamental physical properties is conserved as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Momentum)

Because action and reaction forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (

F_{12} = -F_{21}

), the net internal impulse is zero, establishing the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.

Q263

🌱 Environmental Treaties & Atmospheric ScienceMontreal Protocol and Stratospheric Ozone

The Montreal Protocol (1987) was signed internationally to combat which of the following environmental issues?

Q264

🦁 Tourism & Wildlife of J&KJamboo Zoo at Nagrota

North India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in

Q265

🦁 Wildlife Sanctuaries of IndiaNandankanan Zoo: White Tigers

Nandankanan Zoological Park (Odisha) is internationally renowned for

Q266

🌿 Ecology & Ecosystem StabilityEcosystem Types and Ecological Stability

Which of the following is considered the most ecologically stable ecosystem?

Q267

🌱 Environmental Science & Climate ChangeEnvironmental Terminology & Definitions

Match environmental concepts with their definitions:
a. Renewable Energy — 5. Energy derived from naturally replenished sources (sunlight, wind, water)
b. Carbon Footprint — 2. Total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities
c. Anthropogenic — 4. Resulting from the influence of human beings on nature
d. Climate Mitigation — 3. Actions taken to reduce or prevent GHG emissions
e. Greenhouse Effect — 1. Earth's atmosphere trapping solar radiation, increasing surface temperature

💡Correct Answer: Option A (a-5, b-2, c-4, d-3, e-1)

Environmental definitions: Renewable energy is replenished naturally (a-5); Carbon footprint measures GHG emission total (b-2); Anthropogenic means human-caused (c-4); Mitigation means emissions reduction (d-3); Greenhouse effect warms the planet (e-1)

\implies

a-5, b-2, c-4, d-3, e-1.

Q268

🍄 Flora and Forest Produce of J&KGuchhi Mushrooms of J&K

What is the botanical / scientific name of the wild gourmet Morel mushroom (Guchhi) found in the Himalayan forests of J&K?

Q269

🦁 National Parks & Biosphere ReservesNanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

The Nanda Devi National Park and Biosphere Reserve is located in which Indian State?

💡Correct Answer: Option A (Uttarakhand)

Nanda Devi National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site surrounding peak Nanda Devi,

7,816\text{ m}

) is located in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand.

Q270

🌿 Ecology & Energy FlowSolar Energy in Ecosystems

What is the ultimate primary driving force and energy source powering all natural ecosystems on Earth?

Q271

🌱 Environmental ScienceGreenhouse Gases

Which of the following atmospheric gases is NOT categorized as a direct greenhouse gas?

💡Correct Answer: Option D (Hydrogen ($\text{H}_2$))

Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Carbon Dioxide are potent greenhouse gases that absorb infrared radiation. Diatomic Hydrogen (

\text{H}_2

) is not a direct greenhouse gas.

Q272

🌍 Climate Change & UNFCCCUNFCCC COP Summits

What does the abbreviation 'COP28' stand for in the context of UN climate change summits?

Q273

🦁 Wildlife and State Symbols of J&KState Symbols: Hangul

Which animal is the official State / UT Animal of Jammu and Kashmir?

Q274

🌍 Current Affairs & Wildlife LawOperation Sesha: Red Sanders Anti-Smuggling

'Operation Sesha', launched by the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) and Customs authorities, aims to curb the illicit international trafficking of:

Q275

🌱 Environmental Physics & ClimatologyMechanism of Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect in the Earth's atmosphere is physically produced due to the

Q276

General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTNational Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of J&K

Which of the following national parks are located in Jammu and Kashmir?
I. Dachigam National Park
II. Kaziranga National Park
III. Kishtwar High Altitude National Park

Which of the following options is/are correct?

Q277

Environment, Ecology & BiodiversityWater Treatment & Environmental Pollution

What is the main purpose of a sewage treatment plant?

Q278

General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTNational Parks & Biodiversity of J&K

Which of the following statements about Kishtwar National Park is NOT correct?

Q279

Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsEnvironmental Radon Hazard

🌲Environment, Ecology & BiodiversityEnvironmental Studies

📝 Solved Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Questions (279)

JKSSB — Official Question Paper (2024)

Which of the following constitute a food-chain?

Who was the first scientist to use the term SMOG and define its layers?

Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following national parks and the states they are located in:- a. Kaziranga National Park: 4. Assam- b. Jim Corbett National Park: 3. Uttarakhand- c. Ranthambore National Park: 2. Rajasthan- d. Gir National Park: 1. GujaratWhich of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?

IUCN stands for

According to IUCN Red List, Endangered species are defined as

Establishing geographical location of a wildlife species is crucial to legislative actions. How can this be achieved?

Appendix II of CITES includes

A wildlife poacher is interested in illegal trade of tiger skin. What method of poaching will he prefer?

Which of the following primarily causes Mercury Pollution?

Where is the 'Rajaji Tiger Reserve' located in India?

When is the World Wildlife Week observed?

Which of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot of India?

Which of the following fauna can be observed in Dachigam National Park?

Among the following options, which are man-made sources of air pollution?(i) Burning of fire wood(ii) Forest fire(iii) Automobile(iv) Earth quakes

Among following pollutants which is not released by the motor vehicle

Maximum permissible noise level recommended as per central motor vehicle rules 1989, for passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kgs, is

Match the following (List-1) with their description (List-2):List-1: (a) Idling at red traffic signal, (b) Cycling or walking, (c) Electric vehicle, (d) High vehicle density.List-2: (1) Turning off engine, (2) Increase urban pollution, (3) Reduces air pollution, (4) Sustainable transport.

Red tide is caused

Plankton size classification:a. Megaplanktonb. Macroplanktonc. Mesoplanktond. Microplanktone. Nanoplanktonf. PicoplanktonAnd dimensions:i. 0.2-2 cmii. 20 to 200 µmiii. 0.2 to 2 µmiv. 2 to 20 µmv. >20 cmvi. 2-20 cmMatch correctly:

Hydrosere Stages of ecological succession in pond/lake are

Which of the following statements are true?a. Plankton occur only in freshwater ecosystemb. Plankton do not have active locomotory organsc. Plankton include only unicellular organismsd. Phytoplankton form the first trophic level

The depth at which the photosynthesis balances respiration

Functional role an organism plays within an ecosystem is

Match the indices to what they quantify:a. Shannon Weiner Indexb. Pielou Indexc. Margalef Indexd. Berger Parker IndexQuantifications:1. Richness2. Dominance3. Diversity4. EvennessMatch correctly:

Match the International Conventions to respective years:a. Convention on Biological Diversityb. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Florac. Ramsar Conventiond. International Union for Conservation of NatureYears:1. 19712. 19483. 19754. 1992Match correctly:

Which of the following statements are true?a. There are 80 Ramsar sites in Indiab. Ex-situ is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in its natural habitatc. Kanwar Lake is the smallest lake in Indiad. Manasbal is the deepest lake in India

Identify the correct statements from the following:a. Clownfish and sea anemones have a symbiotic relationshipb. Remora fish and Shark exhibit a commensalism relationshipc. Hermit crabs and sea anemones exhibit a parasitic relationshipd. Anchor worms are annelid parasites to freshwater finfishes

Nitrification process involves

Commercial species of fishes from river Jhelum

__________ is the tendency of pollutants to become concentrated in successive trophic levels.

__________ is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

The atmosphere is said to be unstable when

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits state parties to:

Among the following, which all articles in the Indian constitution are related to National Green Tribunal?a. Article 24b. Article 21c. Article 48 Ad. Article 51-A(g)

Consider the following statements:a. CO emission is mainly due to incomplete combustion of fuel.b. Affects the oxygen carrying capacity of bloodc. Can cause nauseaWhich of the following statement is/are correct

The chemical responsible for Minamata disease

__________ causes minimum water pollution among the following nutrients.

Which of the following is correct?

The characteristics of fresh and septic sewage, respectively are

The size of colloidal solids in waste water are in the range of

Pick the Hazen-William's formula for Sewer Design

The self-cleansing velocity of sewers in India generally is

The main gas liberated from an anaerobic sludge digester is

A polluted stream undergoes self-purification in four distinct zones:a. Zone of clear waterb. Zone of Active decompositionc. Zone of degradationd. Zone of recovery

Match the following:1. High rate trickling filter | a. Detachment of attached biofilm from the surface2. Low rate trickling filter | b. Fly nuisance3. Recirculation | c. BOD removal efficiency is 80%-95%4. Sloughing | d. Depth of filter is 2 to 3 m

Match the slow sand filter components with its standard dimensions/values1. Gravel bed coarse aggregate size | a. 90 cm to 110 cm2. Filter media thickness | b. 3 mm to 60 mm3. Gravel bed thickness | c. 20 mm to 40 mm4. Gravel bed middle layer thickness | d. 30 cm to 75 cm

In facultative stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by:

Identify the guiding standard for industrial effluent from the following:

The recirculation ratio is defined as

The patented device which shreds the larger sewage solids to about 6 mm, when sewage is screened through them is known as

Consider the following statements;a. Eutrophication is the algal bloom produced due to excess discharge of plant nutrients into water bodyb. Can be added by adding copper sulphate to water.

Choose the correct sequence of steps adopted during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

Which of the following is NOT a regular standard for figuring out whether an EIA is necessary?

In EIA terminology, what does "baseline data" refer to?

What does "cumulative impact" mean in the context of EIA?

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report may consist of:a. Assessment of the Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implicationsb. Assessment of the Land Contaminationc. Assessment of the Hazard to Lifed. Assessment of the Cultural Heritage ImpactChoose the best option.

Consider the following projects and choose the best option for which the Public hearing is not required in the EIA?i. Strengthening and widening of highways.ii. Modernization of existing irrigation projects.

Which of the following is not a material consideration when making impact predictions of environmental damage?

IAIA stands for

The Headquarters of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) is situated in

What sanctions apply when the Environment Protection Act is violated?

The Environment Protection Act 1986 was enacted following the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is responsible for ________ duties.

Which of the following convention governs the Hazardous waste management?

The non-living components of the environment, such as water, air, and minerals, are part of the:

Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of:

Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to health issues primarily affecting the:

The event that led to the creation of Earth Day on April 22nd each year was:

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of:

Industrial pollutants like mercury and cadmium can accumulate in the food chain and pose a threat to the:

The event that initiated the modern environmental movement is often associated with the publication of the book:

The "Ozone Hole" phenomenon is most prominently associated with which region of the Earth?

The estimation of sewage discharge is typically based on:

The design period in wastewater treatment refers to the:

Coagulation is the process of:

Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:

1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.
2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following national parks and the states they are located in:

- a. Kaziranga National Park: 4. Assam
- b. Jim Corbett National Park: 3. Uttarakhand
- c. Ranthambore National Park: 2. Rajasthan
- d. Gir National Park: 1. Gujarat

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Among the following options, which are man-made sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of fire wood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earth quakes

Match the following (List-1) with their description (List-2):
List-1: (a) Idling at red traffic signal, (b) Cycling or walking, (c) Electric vehicle, (d) High vehicle density.
List-2: (1) Turning off engine, (2) Increase urban pollution, (3) Reduces air pollution, (4) Sustainable transport.

Plankton size classification:
a. Megaplankton
b. Macroplankton
c. Mesoplankton
d. Microplankton
e. Nanoplankton
f. Picoplankton

And dimensions:
i. 0.2-2 cm
ii. 20 to 200 µm
iii. 0.2 to 2 µm
iv. 2 to 20 µm
v. >20 cm
vi. 2-20 cm

Match correctly:

Which of the following statements are true?
a. Plankton occur only in freshwater ecosystem
b. Plankton do not have active locomotory organs
c. Plankton include only unicellular organisms
d. Phytoplankton form the first trophic level

Match the indices to what they quantify:
a. Shannon Weiner Index
b. Pielou Index
c. Margalef Index
d. Berger Parker Index

Quantifications:
1. Richness
2. Dominance
3. Diversity
4. Evenness

Match correctly:

Which of the following statements are true?
a. There are 80 Ramsar sites in India
b. Ex-situ is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in its natural habitat
c. Kanwar Lake is the smallest lake in India
d. Manasbal is the deepest lake in India

Among the following, which all articles in the Indian constitution are related to National Green Tribunal?
a. Article 24
b. Article 21
c. Article 48 A
d. Article 51-A(g)

Consider the following statements:
a. CO emission is mainly due to incomplete combustion of fuel.
b. Affects the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
c. Can cause nausea
Which of the following statement is/are correct

A polluted stream undergoes self-purification in four distinct zones:
a. Zone of clear water
b. Zone of Active decomposition
c. Zone of degradation
d. Zone of recovery

Match the following:
1. High rate trickling filter | a. Detachment of attached biofilm from the surface
2. Low rate trickling filter | b. Fly nuisance
3. Recirculation | c. BOD removal efficiency is 80%-95%
4. Sloughing | d. Depth of filter is 2 to 3 m

Match the slow sand filter components with its standard dimensions/values
1. Gravel bed coarse aggregate size | a. 90 cm to 110 cm
2. Filter media thickness | b. 3 mm to 60 mm
3. Gravel bed thickness | c. 20 mm to 40 mm
4. Gravel bed middle layer thickness | d. 30 cm to 75 cm

Consider the following statements;
a. Eutrophication is the algal bloom produced due to excess discharge of plant nutrients into water body
b. Can be added by adding copper sulphate to water.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report may consist of:
a. Assessment of the Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implications
b. Assessment of the Land Contamination
c. Assessment of the Hazard to Life
d. Assessment of the Cultural Heritage Impact
Choose the best option.

Consider the following projects and choose the best option for which the Public hearing is not required in the EIA?
i. Strengthening and widening of highways.
ii. Modernization of existing irrigation projects.

Consider the following pairs:
a. AQI | 1. ppm
b. Discharge | 2. Litre
c. Turbidity | 3. m³/s
d. Conductivity | 4. Unitless
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:
a. Hardness | 1. Attached growth bio-treatment
b. POH | 2. Cm/min
c. Trickling filter | 3. Suspended growth bio-treatment
d. Screening | 4. 14
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Arrange the following zones of sedimentation tank in sequence as per the flow of water processes in the tank.
1. Outlet zone
2. Inlet zone
3. Sludge zone
4. Settling zone

Arrange the following zones of river water pollution in the correct sequence of their occurrence after the discharge of effluent.
1. Zone of clear water
2. Zone of pollution
3. Zone of recovery
4. Zone of active decomposition

Consider the following statements:
a. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2002.
b. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2010.
c. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1996.
d. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1977.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following pairs:
a. ASP | 1. Oil and Grease removal from sewage
b. Fungi | 2. Type of coliform
c. $H_{2}S$ | 3. Secondary treatment method
d. Skimming tank | 4. Healthy mineral in drinking water
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:
a. Screen | 1. Gravity filter
b. Denitrification | 2. Bacterial density
c. RSF | 3. Threshold number
d. Total Alkalinity | 4. Rising of sludge
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:
a. Unit of turbidity of water | 1. Tesla
b. Unit of specific conductivity of water | 2. AQI
c. $AgNO_3$ | 3. NTU
d. BOD | 4. Siemen
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Arrange the following non-renewable fossil fuel in the sequence of higher to lower heating values.
1. Coal
2. Hydrogen
3. Petroleum.
4. Natural Gas

Consider the following statements:
a) Earth Day is celebrated on March-22.
b) Ammonia is the form of carbonaceous impurity.
c) Potable water is a mineral water.
d) World Water Day is celebrated on March-22.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
a) Eutrophication causes the water pollution and death of aquatic lives.
b) Phosphorous and Nitrogen causes the eutrophication.
c) Smog causes the eutrophication.
d) Water Hyacinth is the source of water pollution.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A sewage of 3% diluted sample is incubated for 5 days at 20 deg.C and D.O. depletion found to be $3\text{ mg/lit}.$ Estimate BOD of sewage after 5 days.

Consider the following pairs:
a. Gravity filter — 1. Inorganic material
b. Grit — 2. Slow sand filter
c. Carbohydrate — 3. Pressure filter
d. Viscosity — 4. KVA
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs:
a. Unit of (BOD/COD) — 1. National Green Tribunal
b. NGT — 2. Unitless
c. PAN — 3. $\text{m}^3/\text{s}$
d. Conductivity — 4. National Geographic Tracking
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Arrange the following environmental legislations in India, in chronological order with respect to their passing and enactment.
1. The air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act
2. Forest conservation Act
3. Wildlife protection Act
4. The water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act

Arrange the following environmental movements in chronological order.
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan
2. Silent Valley movement
3. Chipko movement
4. Appiko movement

Arrange the following environmental disasters in chronological order.
1. Niger-Delta Oil Pollution
2. India - Bhopal Cyanide Gas Leak
3. Italy - Seveso Dioxin Cloud
4. Romania - Cyanide Spill

Which of the following are Partners of Ramsar Convention?
1. International Union for conservation of Nature
2. Birdlife International
3. International Water Management Institute
4. Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust
Select the correct option:

EIA of mining activities involve impact assessment on
1. Geological Environment
2. Biological Environment
3. Aerial Environment
Codes: