Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking

1📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Arrange the following Indian states in order from North to South:

- a. Himachal Pradesh
- b. Tamil Nadu
- c. Telangana
- d. Madhya Pradesh

Explanation

Geographical arrangement from North to South is: Himachal Pradesh (a), Madhya Pradesh (d), Telangana (c), and Tamil Nadu (b). This corresponds to sequence a, d, c, b.

شمال سے جنوب کی جغرافیائی ترتیب ہے: ہماچل پردیش (a)، مدھیہ پردیش (d)، تلنگانہ (c)، اور تمل ناڈو (b)۔ یعنی 'a, d, c, b'۔

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2📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

In which tourist place is the Kolahoi glacier located?

Explanation

Kolahoi Glacier is a valley glacier located in the northwestern Himalayan Range, approximately 26 km north of Pahalgam.

کولاہوئی گلیشیئر (Kolahoi glacier) جموں و کشمیر کے مشہور سیاحتی مقام پہلگام (Pahalgam) کے قریب واقع ہے۔

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3📚📝 EnglishArticles

Fill in the blank with a suitable article:

The Sun rises in the east and sets in ___ west.

Explanation

Directions (east, west, north, south) take the definite article 'the' when preceded by a preposition. Therefore, 'sets in the west'.

جغرافیائی سمتوں (directions) جیسے مشرق، مغرب، وغیرہ سے پہلے ہمیشہ ڈیفینیٹ آرٹیکل 'the' لگایا جاتا ہے۔

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4📚🔢 MathVectors

The unit vector having the opposite direction of the vector (1,-1) is:

Explanation

Vector

\vec{v} = (1, -1)

. Magnitude

= \sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{2}

. The unit vector in the same direction is

\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1)

. The unit vector in the opposite direction is obtained by multiplying with -1, which is

\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1)

.

حل: ویکٹر کا حجم (magnitude)

\sqrt{2}

ہے۔ الٹی سمت میں یونٹ ویکٹر معلوم کرنے کے لیے اسے منفی سے ضرب دیں گے، جس سے

\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1,-1)

حاصل ہوگا۔

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5📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

The thrust on a rocket is in:

Explanation

According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, the downward ejection of exhaust gases (action) creates an equal and opposite upward reaction force (thrust) on the rocket, which acts in the same direction as the rocket's motion.

نیوٹن کے حرکت کے تیسرے قانون کے مطابق، گیسوں کا نیچے کی طرف اخراج راکٹ پر اوپر کی طرف قوت پیدا کرتا ہے، جو راکٹ کی حرکت کی سمت (same direction) میں ہوتی ہے۔

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6📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Match the following:

List-I
i. Microns
ii. Angstroms
iii. Fermi
iv. Kilometers

List-II
a. Distance between earth and moon.
b. Inter atomic distance in a solid
c. Size of nucleus.
d. Wavelength of infrared laser.

Explanation

The correct matching of length scales is: Microns corresponds to infrared laser wavelength (i-d); Angstroms corresponds to inter-atomic distances (ii-b); Fermi corresponds to nuclear size (iii-c); Kilometers corresponds to Earth-Moon distance (iv-a).

صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مائیکرون (Microns) -> انفرا ریڈ لیزر طول موج (i-d)؛ اینگسٹرام (Angstroms) -> جوہروں کے درمیان فاصلہ (ii-b)؛ فرمی (Fermi) -> نیوکلیئس کا سائز (iii-c)؛ کلومیٹر -> زمین اور چاند کا فاصلہ (iv-a)۔

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7📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:

Explanation

Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.

رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔

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8📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Which of the following situations are possible?

i. A body having velocity east and acceleration west.
ii. A body having constant velocity and variable acceleration.
iii. A body having zero velocity and non-zero acceleration.

Explanation

Situation (i) is possible (e.g. decelerating vehicle moving East). Situation (iii) is possible (e.g. a ball at the top of its flight has zero velocity but non-zero gravitational acceleration). Situation (ii) is impossible because constant velocity implies acceleration must be strictly zero.

صورتحال (i) ممکن ہے (بریک لگانے پر گاڑی مشرق جا رہی ہو اور اسراع مغرب ہو)۔ صورتحال (iii) بھی ممکن ہے (مثلاً ہوا میں اوپر پھینکی گئی گیند جو اپنی زیادہ سے زیادہ بلندی پر رکتی ہے لیکن کشش ثقل کا اسراع جاری رہتا ہے)۔ صورتحال (ii) ناممکن ہے۔

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9📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Charge is distributed uniformly along a long straight wire. The electric field at 2cm from the wire is 20 newton/coulomb. The electric field at 4cm from the wire is:

Explanation

For an infinite line charge, the electric field (E) is inversely proportional to distance (r) from the wire: E = λ / (2πε₀r). As distance doubles (from 2cm to 4cm), the electric field halves (from 20 N/C to 10 N/C).

سیدھی برقی تار کی وجہ سے برقی میدان (E) فاصلے (r) کے معکوس متناسب ہوتا ہے۔ جب فاصلہ دوگنا ہو جاتا ہے (2cm سے 4cm) تو برقی میدان آدھا رہ جائے گا (20 N/C سے 10 N/C)۔

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10📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Match the following:

List-I
i. Biot-Savart Law
ii. Fleming's Left-hand rule
iii. Fleming's Right-hand rule
iv. Right hand thumb rule

List-II
a. Direction of induced current.
b. Direction of magnetic lines due to current.
c. Direction of force due to magnetic induction
d. Magnitude and direction of magnetic induction

Explanation

The correct matches are: Biot-Savart Law gives magnitude/direction of magnetic induction (i-d); Fleming's Left-hand rule gives the direction of force on a current in a magnetic field (ii-c); Fleming's Right-hand rule gives the direction of induced current (iii-a); Right hand thumb rule gives the direction of magnetic lines (iv-b).

صحیح جوڑ یہ ہیں: بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون (i-d) -> برق مقناطیسی انڈکشن کی طاقت؛ فلیمنگ کا بائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (ii-c) -> قوت کی سمت؛ فلیمنگ کا دائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (iii-a) -> انڈیوسڈ کرنٹ کی سمت؛ دائیں ہاتھ کے انگوٹھے کا اصول (iv-b) -> مقناطیسی لہروں کی سمت۔

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11📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

If "r" is the distance of a moving charge, the magnitude of magnetic field produced by the charge is proportional to:

Explanation

According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) from the charge (B ∝ 1/r²).

بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون کے مطابق، متحرک چارج سے پیدا ہونے والے مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت فاصلے (r) کے مربع کے معکوس متناسب ہوتی ہے (B ∝ 1/r²)۔

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12📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Two electrons travelling with same speed. The magnetic field is zero at the mid-point between them. This means,

Explanation

By the right-hand rule, when two negative charges (electrons) travel at equal speed along parallel lines in the same direction, the magnetic fields they produce at the exact midpoint are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, cancelling each other out to zero.

جب دو الیکٹران مساوی رفتار سے متوازی لکیروں پر ایک ہی سمت (same direction) میں سفر کرتے ہیں، تو دائیں ہاتھ کے اصول کے مطابق ان کے بالکل درمیانی نقطے پر مقناطیسی میدان برابر اور مخالف سمت میں ہو کر صفر ہو جاتا ہے۔

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13📚🔬 Forensic ScienceWound Ballistics

The range which commences beyond the limit of flame zone and extends up to the distance to which the gunpowder residues could be projected in the area surrounding the wound of entrance is

Explanation

The 'Near range' (or close range) is the zone beyond the burning flame where unburnt/semi-burnt gunpowder particles are projected, creating powder tattooing (stippling) on the skin.

وہ فاصلہ جو شعلے کے زون سے آگے ہوتا ہے لیکن وہاں تک گولی کے بارود کے ذرات (tattooing) جلد پر نشان چھوڑ سکتے ہیں، اسے نیئر رینج (Near range) یا قریب کا فاصلہ کہتے ہیں۔

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14📚🔬 Forensic ScienceRifling

Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as

Explanation

The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).

نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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15📚🔬 Forensic ScienceExternal Ballistics

Air resistance affects least to

Explanation

Boat-tailed bullets have a tapered base that reduces base drag and turbulence, experiencing the least overall air resistance compared to flat-base or round-nose designs.

بوٹ ٹیلڈ گولیاں (Boat tailed bullets) کا عقبی حصہ پتلا ہوتا ہے جو ہوا کے پیچھے بننے والے ویکیوم کو کم کرتا ہے، اس لیے ان پر ہوا کی رکاوٹ سب سے کم اثر کرتی ہے۔

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16📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTrajectory

The angle between the direction of motion of projectile and central axis of projectile is called as

Explanation

Yaw is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the projectile and its actual vector of travel.

گولی کے طولی محور (longitudinal axis) اور اس کی حقیقی پرواز کی سمت کے درمیان بننے والے زاویے کو یاؤ (Yaw) کہتے ہیں۔

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17📚🔬 Forensic ScienceBallistics

The distance up to which a shooter can take aim and make a kill is called as

Explanation

Effective range is the maximum distance at which a shooter can reasonably expect to hit and disable/kill a target using the weapon system.

وہ زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ جہاں تک ایک نشانہ باز درست نشانہ لگا کر ہدف کو ختم کر سکتا ہے، مؤثر رینج (Effective range) کہلاتا ہے۔

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18📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?

Explanation

Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.

پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔

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19📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Entomology

Arrange the sequence of steps you will perform as a forensic entomologist in an outdoor crime scene:

i. Collection of live adult flies
ii. Collection of soil temperatures under the body after its removal
iii. Photography, notations of the overall crime scene from a safe distance
iv. Collection of insects on the body

Explanation

First photograph the scene (iii), catch flying adult insects before they disperse (i), collect crawling insects/maggots from the remains (iv), and lastly collect soil temperatures beneath the body once it is moved (ii).

صحیح ترتیب: جائے وقوعہ کی دور سے تصویر کشی (iii) -> اڑنے والے کیڑوں کو پکڑنا (i) -> لاش پر موجود رینگنے والے کیڑے جمع کرنا (iv) -> لاش ہٹانے کے بعد مٹی کا درجہ حرارت لینا (ii)۔

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20📚🧬 BiologySerology

Which of the following is a primary binding assay?

Explanation

Western blotting directly detects the primary binding between an antigen and a labeled antibody, whereas others are secondary assays depending on precipitation or agglutination.

ویسٹرن بلاٹنگ (Western blotting) ایک پرائمری بائنڈنگ ٹیسٹ ہے جو براہِ راست پروٹین اور اینٹی باڈی کے ملاپ کا پتہ لگاتا ہے۔

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21📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Date, location and scale are the important components of

Explanation

Date, location, and scale (along with direction and legend) are essential components of a Crime Scene Sketch.

تاریخ، مقام اور اسکیل (پیمانہ) کرائم سین کے خاکے (Crime scene sketch) کے اہم اور لازمی اجزاء ہیں۔

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22📚🔢 MathError Analysis

The error caused by poor calibration of the instrument is called

Explanation

Systematic errors are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction, often caused by poorly calibrated instruments or flawed experimental design.

آلات کی ناقص کیلیبریشن یا خرابی کی وجہ سے ہونے والی غلطیوں کو سسٹمیٹک ایرر (Systematic Error) کہتے ہیں، جو ہر بار ایک ہی سمت میں دہرائی جاتی ہیں۔

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23📚⚗️ ChemistryCoal Chemistry

What type of coal has the lowest content of carbon?

Explanation

Lignite (often called brown coal) has the lowest carbon content (about 25-35%), whereas Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%).

لگنائٹ (Lignite) کوئلے کی وہ قسم ہے جس میں کاربن کی مقدار سب سے کم (تقریباً 25 سے 35 فیصد) ہوتی ہے، اسے براؤن کوئلہ بھی کہتے ہیں۔

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24📚⚗️ ChemistryPetroleum Products

What is the lowest temperature at which the volatile liquid will burn and continue to without the help of any external source?

Explanation

The Fire Point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid fuel produces enough vapor to continue burning for at least 5 seconds after ignition by a pilot flame.

وہ کم سے کم درجہ حرارت جس پر کوئی سالونٹ یا ایندھن مسلسل جلتا رہتا ہے (بغیر کسی بیرونی شعلے کے مسلسل جلنے کا عمل)، اسے فائر پوائنٹ (Fire Point) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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25📚⚛️ PhysicsLasers

Laser is a type of light source which has the unique characteristics of

Explanation

Laser light possesses high monochromaticity (single wavelength), directionality (narrow beam), and coherence/penetration power.

لیزر (Laser) روشنی کی ایک ایسی شعاع ہے جس میں یک رنگی (monochromaticity)، ایک سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور نفوذ پذیری (penetration) کی منفرد خصوصیات ہوتی ہیں۔

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26📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsLinux Commands

Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?

Explanation

The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).

لینکس میں فائلوں کو دکھانے اور بنانے کے لیے 'cat' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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27📚🧬 BiologyCriminology

A serial offender is suspected of victimizing young teenage girls by mutilating their breasts. What will be the signature/style by which the culprit is killing his victims be called?

Explanation

The method of committing a crime is called Modus Operandi (M.O.). While mutilation is a psychological signature, of the choices provided, 'Modus operandi' is the only valid legal/criminological term matching criminal behavioral patterns.

کسی مجرم کے جرم کرنے کے مخصوص طریقے یا اسٹائل کو قانونی اصطلاح میں موڈس آپرینڈی (Modus operandi) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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28📚🧬 BiologyDNA Profiling

In STR genotyping results for multiple contributors, four peaks were obtained on a single locus for a sample. What is your most probable conclusion?

Explanation

An individual has at most two alleles per autosomal STR locus. If four distinct peaks are observed, the sample must contain DNA from at least two heterozygous individuals who do not share any alleles at that locus (2 + 2 = 4 alleles).

کسی ایک شخص کے کروموسوم پر ایک لوکس پر زیادہ سے زیادہ 2 ایلِیل (peaks) ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اگر 4 پیکس نظر آئیں تو اس کا مطلب ہے کہ یہ دو مختلف ہیٹروزائگس (heterozygous) افراد کے ڈی این اے کا آمیزہ ہے جن کا کوئی بھی ایلِیل مشترک نہیں تھا۔

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29📚🧬 BiologyDNA Profiling

Arrange the steps of VNTR RFLP analysis in their proper sequence
i. Restriction digestion
ii. Probe hybridisation
iii. Gel electrophoresis
iv. Blotting

Explanation

The steps of VNTR RFLP analysis are: restriction digestion of genomic DNA (i), gel electrophoresis to separate fragments by size (iii), Southern blotting to transfer DNA to a membrane (iv), and probe hybridization to target specific VNTR loci (ii). This corresponds to i, iii, iv, ii.

وی این ٹی آر آریف ایل پی (RFLP) کا صحیح ترتیب ہے: سب سے پہلے ریسٹرکشن ڈائجیشن (i)، پھر جیل الیکٹروفورسس (iii)، پھر سدرن بلاٹنگ (iv) اور آخر میں پروب ہائبرڈائزیشن (ii)۔ اس طرح ترتیب i، iii، iv، ii بنتی ہے۔

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30📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Searching

What is the purpose of a grid search pattern in crime scene searching?

Explanation

A grid search pattern, which involves searching in perpendicular directions, is highly systematic and allows investigators to cover large and medium search areas thoroughly.

گرڈ سرچ پیٹرن (جو کہ عمودی سمتوں میں منظم تلاش ہے) تفصیلی اور منظم طریقے سے درمیانے اور بڑے علاقوں کو مکمل طور پر کور کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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31📚🔬 Forensic ScienceDynamic Signatures

The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-

Explanation

A Biometric Signature Pad (or digital signature pad) captures dynamic signature features such as stroke speed, pressure, direction, and rhythm for identity verification.

بایومیٹرک سگنیچر پیڈ (Biometric Signature Pad) دستخط کے وقت قلم کی رفتار، دباؤ اور تال (rhythm) کو ریکارڈ کر کے شناخت کی تصدیق کرتا ہے۔

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32📚🔢 MathHypothesis Testing

What does the term p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Explanation

The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. It represents the likelihood of the result occurring due to random chance.

مفروضے کی جانچ (hypothesis testing) میں، پی-ویلیو (p-value) اس بات کا احتمال (probability) ہے کہ مشاہدہ شدہ نتائج محض اتفاق یا چانس کی وجہ سے حاصل ہوئے ہیں۔

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33📚🔬 Forensic ScienceMagnetism

The North pole of a magnet:

Explanation

According to the law of magnetism, opposite poles attract each other and like poles repel. Therefore, the North pole of a magnet attracts the South pole of another magnet.

مقناطیس کے قوانین کے مطابق، مخالف پولز ایک دوسرے کو کھینچتے ہیں۔ اس لیے مقناطیس کا شمالی قطب (North pole) دوسرے مقناطیس کے جنوبی قطب (South pole) کو اپنی طرف راغب کرتا ہے۔

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34📚🔬 Forensic ScienceMeasurements

In the context of measuring instruments, the least count is:

Explanation

The least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest measurement value that can be resolved or measured accurately using that instrument.

کسی بھی پیمائشی آلے کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ (least count) وہ سب سے چھوٹی پیمائش ہے جو اس آلے کی مدد سے بالکل درست طریقے سے لی جا سکتی ہے۔

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35📚⚛️ PhysicsLasers

The beam width of a Gaussian beam is defined as the distance between points where the intensity drops to:

Explanation

In Gaussian beam analysis, the beam width can be defined at the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), where the intensity drops to 50% of its peak value.

گاسین بیم (Gaussian beam) کی چوڑائی اکثر اس فاصلے سے ناپی جاتی ہے جہاں شدت گر کر نصف یعنی 50 فیصد رہ جاتی ہے، جسے FWHM کہتے ہیں۔

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36📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGaussian Beams

Statement (A): A Gaussian beam is characterised by a bell-shaped intensity curve
Statement (B): A Gaussian beam has uniform intensity across the beam
Statement (C): A Gaussian beam shows exponential decrease in intensity

Explanation

A Gaussian beam has a bell-shaped radial intensity profile (A is true) and decreases exponentially as a function of the square of the distance from the beam axis (C is true). It does not have uniform intensity (B is false). Thus, only A and C are correct.

گاسین بیم کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: اس کی شدت گھنٹی نما منحنی (bell-shaped) پیٹرن کی ہوتی ہے (A) اور یہ محور سے دور ہونے پر تیزی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C)۔ اس کی شدت ہر جگہ یکساں نہیں ہوتی (B غلط ہے)۔ یعنی صرف A اور C درست ہیں۔

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37📚⚛️ PhysicsLaser Properties

Compared to traditional light sources, lasers typically have:

Explanation

Lasers are distinguished from ordinary light sources by their high intensity, high directionality (low divergence), monochromaticity, and high coherence.

عام روشنی کے مقابلے میں، لیزر روشنی میں بہت زیادہ شدت (intensity)، ایک ہی سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور ہم آہنگی (coherence) پائی جاتی ہے۔

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38📚⚗️ ChemistryLocard Principle

Locard's exchange principle can be applied to all of the following except

Explanation

Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace' (transfer of physical material like fibers, tool marks, and soil). Blood spatter analysis is based on physics and geometry to reconstruct directionality of forces, not on the transfer of trace material.

لوکارڈ کے اصول کے مطابق 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے' (جیسے فائبر، مٹی، یا ٹول مارکس کا منتقل ہونا)۔ خون کے چھینٹوں کے نمونے کا تجزیہ (blood spatter) طبیعیات اور ہندسیہ پر مبنی ہے، جو لوکارڈ کے تبادلے کے اصول کے دائرے میں نہیں آتا۔

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39📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHistory of Forensics

The first Forensic Science Laboratory established in India in

Explanation

The first state Forensic Science Laboratory in India was established in Calcutta, West Bengal, in the year 1952.

ہندوستان کی پہلی ریاستی فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (FSL) 1952 میں کلکتہ (مغربی بنگال) میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔

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40📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Sketching

A crime-scene sketch should include all of the following except

Explanation

A crime scene sketch must show measurements, scale, orientation (North arrow), date, time, and location. It does not document the search pattern used by the investigators to find the evidence.

کرائم سین کے خاکے میں فاصلے کا پیمانہ، تاریخ، سمت (شمال کا نشان) اور جائے وقوعہ کا نام ہونا ضروری ہے، لیکن اس میں تلاشی کے طریقے (search pattern) کا ذکر نہیں ہوتا۔

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41📚⚗️ ChemistryPharmacology

What is the slowest route of administration for cannabis.

Explanation

Dermal (topical absorption through the skin) is the slowest and least efficient route of administration for cannabis due to the highly lipophilic nature of cannabinoids and the barrier properties of the skin.

بھنگ (Cannabis) کے جسم میں داخلے کے تمام طریقوں میں سے جلد کے ذریعے جذب ہونا (Dermal) سب سے سست اور غیر موثر طریقہ ہے۔

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42📚⚗️ ChemistryThin Layer Chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography can be used to analyse samples that are believed to contain explosives. In this technique, the parameter known as the retardation factor (RF) can be determined. Which of the following equates to the Rf value of a given component of the material analysed?

Explanation

The Retardation Factor (Rf) in TLC is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the compound (spot) by the distance traveled by the solvent front from the starting origin line.

ٹی ایل سی (TLC) میں آر ایف قیمت (Rf value) کا فارمولا یہ ہے: اسپاٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ تقسیم سالونٹ فرنٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ۔ یعنی آپشن A صحیح جواب ہے۔

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43📚⚛️ PhysicsCondensed Matter Physics

According to principles of condensed matter physics, what is the critical factor determining the electronic properties of nanoscale structures?

Explanation

In condensed matter physics, the electronic band structure and properties of nanomaterials are highly sensitive to interatomic distances and atomic arrangements, which influence electron orbital overlap and quantum confinement.

کنڈینسڈ میٹر فزکس کے مطابق، نینو اسکیل ڈھانچے کی برقی خصوصیات (electronic properties) کا تعین کرنے میں ایٹموں کے درمیانی فاصلے (interatomic distances) سب سے اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔

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44📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

In forensic glass analysis, hackle marks are associated with:

Explanation

Hackle marks are parallel line features on a fracture surface that indicate the local direction of crack propagation. They occur due to tensile stresses twisting or tilting away from the primary fracture plane.

ہیکل مارکس (Hackle marks) شیشے کی فریکچر سطح پر تناؤ کی قوتوں (Tensile forces) کے تحت دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے کی سمت کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔

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45📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

What phenomenon is observed when glass fragments are forced backward into a room due to an explosion or impact from outside?

Explanation

When glass is broken by an impact or explosion, most fragments travel in the direction of the force, but microscopic glass fragments are projected backward toward the direction of the blow. This is known as backscatter (or backward fragmentation).

جب باہر سے کسی دھماکے یا ضرب کی وجہ سے شیشے کے باریک ذرات قوت کے مخالف رخ یعنی اندر کی طرف اچھلتے ہیں، تو اسے بیک اسکیٹر اثر (Backscatter effect) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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46📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

The pattern formed on glass due to exposure to heat is:

Explanation

Glass broken by exposure to high heat (thermal shock) typically exhibits curved, wavy, and non-directional fracture patterns without a distinct point of impact. These are often called wavy or thermal fractures.

تیز گرمی یا آگ کے اثر سے شیشے پر پڑنے والی دراڑیں اور فریکچر لہر دار یا لچکدار ہوتی ہیں، جنہیں ویوی پیٹرن (Wavy pattern) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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47📚⚛️ PhysicsCordage Examination

In the forensic examination of cordage, why is the knowledge of the specific lay and twist of fibers within the cord essential for investigators?

Explanation

Identifying physical characteristics of cordage (ropes, strings), including the number of strands, direction of twist (S-twist or Z-twist), and lay angle, is critical to establish a forensic link between cordage found on a victim and suspect.

رسی یا رسی کے ٹکڑوں میں ریشوں کے بل کھانے کی سمت (lay and twist) کا علم ملزم اور شکار (link between suspects and victims) کے درمیان تعلق قائم کرنے میں مددگار ثابت ہوتا ہے۔

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48📚⚛️ PhysicsMicroscopy

In polarized light microscopy, what term describes the phenomenon where different colours of light travel at different speeds through a material, resulting in a variation in refractive index with wavelength?

Explanation

Birefringence (double refraction) is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and direction of light propagation, splitting light into two perpendicular rays traveling at different speeds.

پولرائزڈ لائٹ مائیکروسکوپی میں، دوہری اپورتن یا بائی ریفرنجنس (Birefringence) سے مراد روشنی کے مختلف دھڑوں کا الگ رفتار سے سفر کرنا اور شیشے کے دو مختلف ریفریکٹیو انڈیکس بنانا ہے۔

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49📚🔢 MathForensic Statistics

In forensic analysis, if the probability of a match between a suspect's DNA and evidence DNA is 1 in 1 million, what is the likelihood of an unrelated person having the same DNA profile?

Explanation

A match probability of 1 in 1 million (1 in 10,00,000 in South Asian numbering) directly means the probability that a random, unrelated person shares the same DNA profile is 1 in 1,00,0000.

اگر ڈی این اے میچ کا امکان 10 لاکھ میں 1 ہے، تو کسی دوسرے غیر متعلقہ شخص کا وہی پروفائل ہونے کا امکان بھی 10 لاکھ میں 1 (1 in 10,00,000) ہی ہوگا۔

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50📚🗺️ GeographyRivers of India

Which one of the following is a north flowing river?

Explanation

The Chambal River originates in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh and flows north-northeast through Rajasthan before joining the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.

دریائے چمبل مدھیہ پردیش میں وندھیا پہاڑی سلسلے سے نکلتا ہے اور اتر پردیش میں دریائے یمنا میں شامل ہونے سے پہلے راجستھان کے راستے شمال کی طرف بہتا ہے۔

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51📚⚗️ ChemistryApplied Chemistry

Alcoholic beverages contain

Explanation

Ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) is the active chemical compound found in all alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.

تمام الکوحل والے مشروبات میں ایتھائل الکوحل (Ethyl alcohol/Ethanol) پایا جاتا ہے، جو خمیر کے ذریعے شکر کی ابال (fermentation) سے بنتا ہے۔

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52📚🔢 MathTime, Speed & Distance

The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:

Explanation

Speed of the second train = Distance / Time = 400 km / 4 hours = 100 km/hr. Since the ratio of their speeds is 7:8, the speed of the first train = (7 / 8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.

دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ رفتار کا تناسب 7:8 ہے، پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔

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53📚🧩 ReasoningRanking Test

In a group of five friends Hina, Rukaiya, Shefali, Mariyam, Gurpreet, Hina is taller than Rukaiya. Also, Shefali is shorter than Rukaiya. Gurpreet is taller than Hina while Mariyam is the shortest. Who among them is the tallest?

Explanation

Let's arrange the heights:
- Hina > Rukaiya
- Rukaiya > Shefali
- Gurpreet > Hina
- Mariyam is the shortest.
Combining these: Gurpreet > Hina > Rukaiya > Shefali > Mariyam. Therefore, Gurpreet is the tallest.

قد کی ترتیب کے مطابق: گورپریت > ہینا > رقیہ > شفیلی > مریم۔ اس طرح گورپریت سب سے لمبی ہے۔

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54📚🔢 MathTime, Speed & Distance

With an average speed of 40 km/hr, a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 35 km/hr, it is late by 15 minutes. Find the length of the total journey.

Explanation

Let distance be d. The time difference is 15 minutes = 0.25 hours.
- d/35 - d/40 = 1/4
- (8d - 7d)/280 = 1/4
- d = 280 / 4 = 70 km.

فرض کریں کل فاصلہ d کلومیٹر ہے۔ وقت کا فرق 15 منٹ یعنی 1/4 گھنٹہ ہے:

d/35 - d/40 = 1/4 \implies d = 70

کلومیٹر۔

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55📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Climate

The reason for Rajasthan being deficient in rainfall is

Explanation

The Aravalli Range lies parallel to the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds, providing no physical barrier to block the winds and cause them to rise and cool down for rain.

راجستھان میں بارش کی کمی کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ وہاں پہاڑی سلسلے (Aravalli Range) ہواؤں کے متوازی ہیں، جس سے ہواؤں کو اوپر اٹھنے اور ٹھنڈا ہونے کا موقع نہیں ملتا۔

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56📚⚗️ ChemistryTransport in India

Headquarters of North Eastern railway is at

Explanation

The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways is located at Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh.

نارتھ ایسٹرن ریلوے (North Eastern Railway) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔

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57📚🗺️ GeographyCensus of India 2011

According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔

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58📚🧩 ReasoningRanking Test

Who is the youngest of all based on the following statements?
(i) Radha is younger to Sunita but elder than Rita
(ii) Rita is elder than Geeta
(iii) Sham is elder to Rita but younger to Radha

Explanation

From (i): Sunita > Radha > Rita.
From (ii): Rita > Geeta.
From (iii): Radha > Sham > Rita.
Combining these: Sunita > Radha > Sham > Rita > Geeta. Therefore, Geeta is the youngest.

بیانات کے مطابق عمر کا تناسب یہ ہے: سنیتا > رادھا > شام > ریتا > گیتا۔ لہذا گیتا سب سے چھوٹی ہے۔

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59📚💻 ComputerIntroduction to Computers

This type of computer(s) is/are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing computer.

Explanation

Microcomputers (personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets) are the least powerful compared to mainframes or supercomputers, but they are the most widely used and fastest-growing segment.

مائیکرو کمپیوٹرز (Micro computers - جیسے پرسنل کمپیوٹرز یا لیپ ٹاپ) دیگر کے مقابلے میں کم طاقتور لیکن سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والے کمپیوٹر ہیں۔

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60📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHeritage

Which of the following statements about Ajanta Caves is/are correct?

1. Ajanta caves are a series of rock-cut caves on Waghora River near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
2. These caves are located in the Sahyadri ranges on Eastern Ghats.
3. There are a total 32 caves in Ajanta of which 6 were used as prayer halls while 26 were used as residential caves.
4. Ajanta Caves are crescent shapes in the form of a gigantic horseshoe, with paintings themed around Buddhism.

Explanation

Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sahyadri ranges are located in the Western Ghats (not Eastern). Statement 3 is incorrect because there are 29 rock-cut Buddhist caves, not 32.

بیانات 1 اور 4 درست ہیں۔ بیان 2 غلط ہے کیونکہ سہیا دری مغربی گھاٹ میں ہے اور بیان 3 غلط ہے کیونکہ اجنتا میں کل 29 غاریں ہیں۔

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61📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations

Match the International Organizations with their respective Headquarters:

- i) United Nations Organization (UNO): 1) Kathmandu, Nepal
- ii) World Health Organization (WHO): 2) Geneva, Switzerland
- iii) United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 3) New York, US
- iv) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): 4) Paris, France

Explanation

UNO headquarters is in New York (i-3), WHO is in Geneva (ii-2), UNESCO is in Paris (iii-4), and SAARC is in Kathmandu (iv-1).

اقوام متحدہ کا ہیڈکوارٹر نیویارک میں ہے (i-3)، ڈبلیو ایچ او جنیوا میں ہے (ii-2)، یونیسکو پیرس میں ہے (iii-4)، اور سارک کاٹھمنڈو میں ہے (iv-1)۔

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62📚🔢 MathSpeed Distance Time

A bus travels 3/4 of its usual distance in 2/3 the usual time. What percentage change in speed of bus has occurred?

Explanation

Let usual distance = d, usual time = t. Speed = d/t.
New speed = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = (9/8) (d/t) = 1.125 * (d/t).
This represents an increase of 0.125, which is 12.5% increase.

فرض کریں معمول کا فاصلہ = d، وقت = t۔ رفتار = d/t۔
نئی رفتار = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = 1.125 (d/t)۔ یعنی رفتار میں 12.5 فیصد اضافہ ہوا ہے۔

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63📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science

George Eastman introduced _____ in August 1888.

Explanation

George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera in August 1888, which utilized roll film and made photography accessible to the public.

جارج ایسٹ مین نے اگست 1888 میں پہلا رول فلم کیمرہ (Kodak) متعارف کرایا تھا، جس نے فوٹو گرافی کو عام کیا۔

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64📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science

Which f-stops allows less light?

Explanation

A higher f-number represents a smaller physical aperture diameter. Therefore, f/32 has the smallest opening and allows the least light.

ایف نمبر جتنا بڑا ہوگا، اپریچر کا سوراخ اتنا ہی چھوٹا ہوگا۔ اس لیے f/32 میں سب سے کم روشنی داخل ہوتی ہے۔

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65📚🌍 General AwarenessLanguages of India

Bodo language is spoken mainly in which state of India?

Explanation

Bodo is an official language spoken mainly by the Bodo people in the state of Assam in Northeast India. It is also listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ہندوستان کی شمال مشرقی ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ یہ آئین ہند کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں شامل ہے۔

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66📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations

Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?

Explanation

Myanmar is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The 8 SAARC members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

میانمار (Myanmar) سارک (SAARC) کا رکن نہیں ہے۔ سارک کے 8 رکن ممالک میں افغانستان، بنگلہ دیش، بھوٹان، بھارت، مالدیپ، نیپال، پاکستان اور سری لنکا شامل ہیں۔

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67📚🗺️ GeographyJ&K Geography

Which of the following rivers are allocated to India for exclusive use under the Indus Water Treaty?

Explanation

Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the water of the three Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas) is allocated to India for unrestricted use.

1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے (Indus Water Treaty) کے تحت مشرقی دریاؤں یعنی راوی، ستلج اور بیاس کے پانی کے استعمال کے حقوق ہندوستان کو تفویض کیے گئے ہیں۔

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68📚🌍 General AwarenessJ&K Heritage

Consider the following statements.
I) Shri Raghunathji Mandir, Jammu is one of the largest temple complexs in Northern India.
II) The temple was built in 1857 by Maharaja Hari Singh.
Choose the correct option.

Explanation

Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect because the Raghunath Temple complex construction was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1853 and completed by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 (not by Maharaja Hari Singh, who ruled much later).

بیان I درست ہے؛ رگھوناتھ مندر جموں و کشمیر اور شمالی ہند کے بڑے مندروں میں سے ہے۔ بیان II غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مندر مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے شروع کروایا اور مہاراجہ رنبیر سنگھ نے مکمل کروایا (نہ کہ مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ نے)۔

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69📚🔢 MathFractions

One-third of the boys and one-half of the girls of a college participated in a social work project. If the number of participating students is 300 out of which 100 are boys, what is the total number of students in the college?

Explanation

Participating boys = 100. Since this is 1/3 of the total boys (B), B/3 = 100 => B = 300. Participating girls = 300 - 100 = 200. Since this is 1/2 of the total girls (G), G/2 = 200 => G = 400. Total students = B + G = 300 + 400 = 700.

شامل لڑکے = 100، جو کل لڑکوں کا 1/3 ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکے = 300۔ شامل لڑکیاں = 300 - 100 = 200، جو کل لڑکیوں کا نصف (1/2) ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکیاں = 400۔ کالج کے کل طلبہ کی تعداد = 300 + 400 = 700 ہے۔

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70📚🔢 MathArithmetic Puzzles

A stairway 10 ft. high is such that each step accounts for half a foot upward and one foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?

Explanation

The total vertical steps = 10 / 0.5 = 20 steps. The ant climbs 20 risers (20 * 0.5 = 10 ft). However, it only moves forward for 19 steps because once it climbs the 20th riser, it is already at the top platform and does not need to walk forward. Total distance = 10 ft (vertical) + 19 ft (horizontal) = 29 ft.

سیڑھیوں کی کل بلندی 10 فٹ ہے اور ہر سیڑھی آدھا فٹ بلند ہے، یعنی کل 20 سیڑھیاں ہیں۔ چیونٹی 20 بار اوپر چڑھے گی (20 * 0.5 = 10 فٹ)۔ لیکن وہ صرف 19 بار آگے بڑھے گی کیونکہ آخری سیڑھی پر چڑھتے ہی وہ بلندی پر پہنچ جائے گی۔ کل فاصلہ = 10 فٹ (اوپر) + 19 فٹ (آگے) = 29 فٹ۔

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71📚💻 ComputerNetwork Services

Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?

Explanation

Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network connections to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.

ٹیل نیٹ (Telnet) وہ سروس ہے جو کسی صارف کو نیٹ ورک پر موجود کسی دوسرے کمپیوٹر میں لاگ ان ہونے اور اسے کنٹرول کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔

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72📚📡 Electronics & TelecomIndus Water Treaty

Which river is primarily allocated to Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty?

Explanation

Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, three western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—were primarily allocated to Pakistan, while three eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—were allocated to India.

1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے کے تحت تین مغربی دریاؤں (سندھ، جہلم اور چناب) کا پانی پاکستان کو اور تین مشرقی دریاؤں (راوی، بیاس اور ستلج) کا پانی بھارت کو تفویض کیا گیا تھا۔

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73📚🗺️ GeographyJ&K Geography

Gulmarg hill station lies in

Explanation

Gulmarg is a famous hill station located in the Pir Panjal Range of the Western Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.

گلمرگ جموں و کشمیر میں واقع ایک مشہور تفریحی مقام ہے جو ہمالیہ کے سلسلہ کوہ پیر پنجال (Pir Panjal Range) میں واقع ہے۔

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74📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History

In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?

Explanation

English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.

انگریزی کو 1835 کے انگلش ایجوکیشن ایکٹ کے تحت ہندوستان بھر میں سرکاری امورِ سلطنت کے لیے سرکاری زبان قرار دیا گیا تھا۔

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75📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.

Explanation

Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.

فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔

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76📚⚛️ PhysicsWave Propagation

The ionosphere acts as the reflecting surface for the waves in which of the following modes of propagation?

Explanation

Sky wave propagation involves the reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere back to the earth, allowing long-distance shortwave communications.

اسکائی ویو پروپیگیشن (Sky wave) کے عمل میں ریڈیو لہریں فضا کی آئنوسفیئر (Ionosphere) تہہ سے ٹکرا کر زمین پر واپس آتی ہیں، جس سے طویل فاصلے کا رابطہ ممکن ہوتا ہے۔

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77📚🗺️ GeographyJ&K Geography

Where exactly is Aksai Chin?

Explanation

Aksai Chin is located in the north-east corner of the Jammu and Kashmir region (currently under Chinese control).

اقصائے چن جموں و کشمیر کے علاقے کے شمال مشرقی کونے میں واقع ہے (جو فی الحال چین کے زیر کنٹرول ہے)۔

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78📚🧬 BiologyPlaces & Administration

In which district is the Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army located?

Explanation

The Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army is located in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir.

ہندوستانی فوج کی سدرن اور نادرن کمانڈز میں سے نادرن کمانڈ (Northern Command) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ادھم پور میں واقع ہے۔

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79📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:

Explanation

Speed of the second train = 400 km / 4 hrs = 100 km/hr. Since ratio is 7:8, speed of the first train = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.

دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ تناسب 7:8 ہے، اس لیے پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) × 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔

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80📚🌍 General AwarenessEnvironment & Ecology

Which of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot of India?

Explanation

The Western Ghats is one of India's prominent ecological hotspots, hosting a massive diversity of flora and fauna.

مغربی گھاٹ (Western Ghats) ہندوستان کے اہم ترین ماحولیاتی حساس علاقوں (Ecological Hotspots) میں شمار ہوتا ہے۔

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81📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement

Directions: Arrange the parts P, Q, R, S to make a correct sentence with (1) and (6) as fixed points:

(1) I explained to him
P: was like a family's
Q: always exuded warmth
R: elder and how she has
S: how for me she
(6) and consideration for me.

Explanation

The correct rearrangement is SPRQ: 'I explained to him how for me she (S) was like a family's (P) elder and how she has (R) always exuded warmth (Q) and consideration for me.'

درست ترتیب SPRQ ہے: 'میں نے اسے سمجھایا کہ وہ میرے لیے ایک خاندانی بزرگ کی طرح تھی اور اس نے ہمیشہ میرے لیے گرمجوشی اور خیال کا مظاہرہ کیا۔'

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82📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:

Explanation

Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.

اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔

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83📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.

Explanation

Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.

دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔

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84📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

Match the following climatic regions with their corresponding locations:

P) Tropical Rain Forests - Western Ghats, West coastal Plains, Parts of Assam
Q) Tropical Savana Climate - Most of peninsular region except Western Ghats
R) Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate - Rainshadow belt from Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu
S) Tropical and Sub-tropical Steppes - Punjab, Haryana and Kachchh Region

Explanation

Tropical Rain Forest matches Western Ghats/Assam (P-2), Savana matches peninsular region (Q-1), Semi-Arid matches rainshadow belt (R-4), and Steppes matches Punjab/Kachchh (S-3). This matches option C.

بارانی جنگلات کا زون مغربی گھاٹ (P-2) ہے، سوانا جزیرہ نما خطہ (Q-1) ہے، نیم خشک زون مہاراشٹر تا تامل ناڈو کا رین شیڈو بیلٹ (R-4) ہے، اور اسٹیپس پنجاب/کچھ (S-3) ہے۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔

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85📚🧩 ReasoningClassification

Which of the following is the odd one out?

Explanation

Inch, Meter, and Centimeter are units of length/distance. Kilogram is a unit of mass.

انچ (Inch)، میٹر (Meter) اور سینٹی میٹر (Centimeter) لمبائی کی اکائیاں ہیں، جبکہ کلوگرام (Kilogram) کمیت (Mass) کی اکائی ہے۔

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86📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

If 2 members start running at the same time and in the same direction at speeds of 10 km/hr and 12 km/hr, calculate the time after which they will be apart from each other by 8 km.

Explanation

Relative speed = 12 km/hr - 10 km/hr = 2 km/hr. Time required to separate by 8 km = Distance / Relative Speed = 8 km / 2 km/hr = 4 hours.

نسبتی رفتار (Relative Speed) = 12 - 10 = 2 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ 8 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ پیدا کرنے کا وقت = 8 / 2 = 4 گھنٹے۔

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87📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringGeodetic Surveying

In great survey networks, typically

Explanation

In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.

بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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88📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringArches

The perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados of an arch is called

Explanation

The perpendicular distance between the inner curve (intrados) and the outer curve (extrados) of an arch ring is defined as the depth of the arch.

محراب (Arch) کے اندرونی منحنی خط (intrados) اور بیرونی منحنی خط (extrados) کے درمیان کے عمودی فاصلے کو محراب کی گہرائی (Depth of an arch) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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89📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringFoundations

The lowest part of the structure which transmit the load to the soil is known as

Explanation

The foundation (or substructure) is the lowest part of a building or structure that is in direct contact with the ground and transmits the loads to the underlying soil.

کسی بھی عمارت کا سب سے نچلا حصہ جو براہ راست مٹی کے ساتھ رابطے میں ہوتا ہے اور بوجھ کو زمین پر منتقل کرتا ہے، اسے فاؤنڈیشن (Foundation - بنیاد) کہتے ہیں۔

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90📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringScales

Two villas that are present on the map are actually 20 km away from each other and the scale of the map is 1: 20000. Calculate the distance on the map between the two villas?

Explanation

Actual Distance =

20 \text{ km} = 20 \times 10^3 \text{ m} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}

. Map Distance =

\text{Actual Distance} \times \text{Scale} = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 \text{ cm}

.

حقیقی فاصلہ =

20 \text{ km} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}

۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = حقیقی فاصلہ / اسکیل کا ڈینومینیٹر = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 cm۔ اس لیے درست جواب 100cm ہے۔

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91📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringRailway Track

How is speed of the train related to the track gauge distance provided?

Explanation

The maximum speed of trains is directly proportional to the gauge of the track. Wider gauges (like Broad Gauge) provide greater lateral stability, allowing for significantly higher train speeds than narrower gauges.

ٹرین کی رفتار ریلوے ٹریک کے گیج (دو پٹریوں کے درمیان فاصلہ) کے راست تناسب (Directly proportional) ہوتی ہے۔ وسیع تر گیج زیادہ استحکام دیتا ہے جس سے رفتار بڑھائی جا سکتی ہے۔

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92📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringLevelling Instruments

The least count of target staff when graduated in feet is

Explanation

While a standard self-reading leveling staff is graduated to 5 mm (0.01 ft), a target staff is equipped with a vernier scale on the movable target that allows readings to be taken to the precision of 0.001 ft.

عام لیولنگ سٹاف کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 5 mm ہوتا ہے، لیکن جب ورنیئر سکیل سے لیس 'ٹارگٹ سٹاف' کا استعمال فٹ میں کیا جائے، تو اس کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 0.001 فٹ (0.001 ft) ہوتا ہے۔

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93📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Instruments

Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:

Explanation

The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.

درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔

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94📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringPlane Table Surveying

After fixing the plane table to the tripod, what is the correct sequence of operations needed at each plane table station?

Explanation

At each plane table station, the operations must be performed in this strict sequence: 1) Levelling (making the table horizontal), 2) Centering (aligning the ground point with the paper point using a plumbing fork), and 3) Orientation (aligning the table along the magnetic north or previous line). This corresponds to sequence (i), (iii), (ii).

پلین ٹیبل سروے میں سٹیشن پر کام کا درست تسلسل (i)، (iii)، (ii) ہے: پہلے لیولنگ (ٹیبل ہموار کرنا)، پھر سینٹرنگ (گراؤنڈ اور نقشے کے پوائنٹ کو سیدھا کرنا)، اور آخر میں اورینٹیشن (رخ متعین کرنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔

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95📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringChain Surveying

Which of the following is not required for chain surveying?

Explanation

A dumpy level is a levelling instrument used to establish elevations. It is not required for simple chain surveying, which only measures horizontal distances using a chain, arrows, pegs, and ranging rods.

چین سروے (Chain surveying) میں فاصلے ماپنے کے لیے زنجیر، ایروز اور پیگز استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ ڈمپی لیول (Dumpy level) اونچائی ماپنے کا آلہ ہے، جو اس سروے کے لیے ضروری نہیں ہے۔

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96📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBridge Engineering

The height of a bridge girder is kept _______ above the High Flood Level (HFL).

Explanation

The vertical clearance (freeboard) between the highest flood level (HFL) and the lowest point of the bridge superstructure is kept in the range of 1.2 to 1.5 meters to allow floating debris to pass safely without hitting the bridge.

پل کے گرڈر کے نچلے حصے اور دریا میں سیلاب کی سب سے اونچی سطح (HFL) کے درمیان کا عمودی فاصلہ (فری بورڈ) 1.2 سے 1.5 میٹر رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ پانی میں بہتی ہوئی چیزیں پل سے نہ ٹکرائیں۔

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97📚⚛️ PhysicsMotion & Distance

You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr how far distance will your vehicle can travel in 20 minutes?

Explanation

Speed =

72 \text{ km/h}

. Time =

20 \text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} \text{ hour} = \frac{1}{3} \text{ hour}

. Distance =

\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72 \times \frac{1}{3} = 24 \text{ km}

.

رفتار = 72 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ وقت = 20 منٹ = 1/3 گھنٹہ۔ فاصلہ = رفتار × وقت = 72 × (1/3) = 24 کلومیٹر۔

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98📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety & Speed Control

Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing

Explanation

Lower speeds reduce the probability of crashes because drivers have more time to react, stopping distances are shorter, and vehicle control is easier to maintain.

ٹریفک کی رفتار کو کم کرنا حادثات کی تعداد کو کم کرنے میں انتہائی مؤثر ثابت ہوتا ہے کیونکہ اس سے ڈرائیور کو ردعمل کا زیادہ وقت ملتا ہے۔

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99📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering & Road Layout

National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way mean

Explanation

A 4-lane divided highway consists of two separate carriageways divided by a median or physical barrier, with each carriageway containing two traffic lanes for movement in opposite directions.

4 لین والے منقسم ہائی وے کا مطلب ہے کہ سڑک کے درمیان ایک بیریئر یا میڈین ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سمتوں میں ٹریفک کے لیے دو دو لینز ہوتی ہیں۔

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100📚🚦 Driving & TrafficTraffic Police Hand Signals

The hand signal of a traffic police officer with the left arm extended horizontally and the right arm extended horizontally/beckoning represents:

Explanation

Extending the left arm horizontally stops traffic from the left or right, and beckoning with the right arm allows traffic coming from the right to turn left.

بائیں بازو کو افقی طور پر پھیلانا اور دائیں بازو سے اشارہ کرنا دائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روکنے اور انہیں بائیں مڑنے کی اجازت دینے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔

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101📚🚦 Driving & TrafficTraffic Police Hand Signals

The hand signal of a traffic police officer swinging a red light or raising both hands in a circular motion represents:

Explanation

A warning signal to clear the intersection or alert all traffic is shown by raising both arms or swinging a warning light, telling all vehicles in all directions to prepare to stop.

تمام ٹریفک کے لیے وارننگ سگنل کا مطلب ہے کہ تمام سمتوں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو رکنے یا ہوشیار رہنے کا اشارہ دیا جا رہا ہے۔

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102📚🗺️ GeographyDriver Hand Signals

A driver extending his/her right arm and rotating it in an anti-clockwise direction is signaling their intention to:

Explanation

Under Indian road rules, when a driver extends the right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction, it represents the intention to turn left or change lanes to the left.

ہندوستانی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت، جب ڈرائیور دایاں بازو باہر نکال کر اسے گھڑی کی مخالف سمت (اینٹی کلاک وائز) گھماتا ہے، تو اس کا مطلب بائیں مڑنے یا بائیں لین تبدیل کرنے کا ارادہ ہے۔

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103📚🗺️ GeographyDriver Hand Signals

A driver extending his/her right arm in a downward direction and moving it up and down is signaling their intention to:

Explanation

Extending the right arm downwards and moving it slowly up and down is the standard hand signal indicating that the driver intends to slow down their vehicle.

دائیں بازو کو نیچے کی طرف پھیلا کر آہستہ آہستہ اوپر نیچے کرنا اس بات کا اشارہ ہے کہ ڈرائیور گاڑی کی رفتار کو کم کرنا چاہتا ہے۔

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104📚🗺️ GeographyGeography of J&K

The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is

Explanation

Jammu and Kashmir is located in the northernmost part of India, which lies in the North-West direction relative to Bihar.

ہندوستان کے نقشے پر جموں و کشمیر، بہار کے لحاظ سے شمال مغربی (North-West) سمت میں واقع ہے۔

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105📚🚗 AutomotiveMap Reading & Navigation

Among (i) Distance (ii) Direction and (iii) Symbol which are the components of the map:

Explanation

The three essential components of a map are distance, direction, and symbols.

کسی بھی نقشے کے تین اہم اجزاء ہوتے ہیں: فاصلہ (Distance)، سمت (Direction) اور علامت (Symbol)۔

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106📚🚗 AutomotiveMap Reading & Navigation

On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm = 100 meter". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then actual distance between the two locations is

Explanation

Map scale:

1 \text{ cm} = 100 \text{ m}

. Distance on map =

15 \text{ cm}

. Actual distance =

15 \times 100 \text{ m} = 1500 \text{ m} = 1.5 \text{ km}

.

نقشے کا پیمانہ: 1 سینٹی میٹر = 100 میٹر۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = 15 سینٹی میٹر۔ اصل فاصلہ = 15 × 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر۔

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107📚🚗 AutomotiveMap Reading & Navigation

Your residence is located at (R) and office is at (O). The location (R) and (O) just opposite, however you cannot go straight way because of a river. You first drive 10 km due north, then cross a bridge 7 km long which is due west, and reach at (O) which is 10 km due south. With respect to office (O) your residence (R) is

Explanation

Let R be at

(0,0)

. Driving

10 \text{ km}

North reaches

(0, 10)

. Moving

7 \text{ km}

West reaches

(-7, 10)

. Moving

10 \text{ km}

South reaches

(-7, 0)

, which is O. Since O is at

(-7,0)

, R

(0,0)

is

7 \text{ km}

due East of O.

فرض کریں رہائش (R) نقطہ (0,0) پر ہے۔ 10 کلومیٹر شمال جانے پر مقام (0,10) ہوگا۔ 7 کلومیٹر مغرب جانے پر (-7,10) ہوگا۔ پھر 10 کلومیٹر جنوب جانے پر آفس (O) مقام (-7,0) پر ہوگا۔ لہذا، آفس کے لحاظ سے رہائش (R) 7 کلومیٹر مشرق میں ہے۔

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108📚🚗 AutomotiveFriction & Slip

Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance travel along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance travel along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.

Explanation

In skidding, wheels lock up and stop rotating (circumference movement

\approx 0

), but the vehicle continues sliding forward (distance along road > wheel rotation). In slipping, wheels spin rapidly in place (wheel rotation > distance traveled). Both statements are true.

اسکیڈنگ میں بریک لاک ہو جاتی ہے اور گاڑی آگے گھسیٹتی ہے (فاصلہ > ٹائر گھومنا)؛ سلپنگ میں ٹائر تیزی سے گھومتا ہے لیکن گاڑی آگے نہیں بڑھتی (فاصلہ < ٹائر گھومنا)۔ دونوں بیانات سچ ہیں۔

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109📚⚛️ PhysicsKinematics & Motion

On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other. They are traveling at 20 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively, towards each other. Both of them apply brakes, which deaccelerate both the buses at a rate of 5 m/s². How far apart will they be, when they have come to stop.

Explanation

Stopping distance

s = \frac{u^2}{2a}

. For Bus 1:

s_1 = \frac{20^2}{2 \times 5} = 40 \text{ m}

. For Bus 2:

s_2 = \frac{10^2}{2 \times 5} = 10 \text{ m}

. Total stopping distance =

s_1 + s_2 = 40 + 10 = 50 \text{ m}

. Thus, they need to be 50 meters apart to avoid a collision.

بس 1 کا فاصلہ: 20² / 10 = 40 میٹر۔ بس 2 کا فاصلہ: 10² / 10 = 10 میٹر۔ دونوں بسوں کے رکنے کا کل فاصلہ = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔

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110📚🚗 AutomotiveTowing Regulations

Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is

Explanation

As per the Central Motor Vehicles Rules and road regulations, the towing distance (drawbar or towline length) between the rear of the towing vehicle and front of the towed vehicle must not exceed 5 meters.

موٹر وہیکل قوانین کے مطابق، کھینچنے والی گاڑی اور کھینچی جانے والی گاڑی کے درمیان زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ 5 میٹر سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

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111📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Rules

As per central motor vehicle rules, 1989, the visual transmission of light in rear window and windscreen should not be less than

Explanation

Under Rule 100 of the CMVR, 1989, the Visual Light Transmission (VLT) of safety glass must be at least 70% for the windscreen and rear window, and at least 50% for side windows.

موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، گاڑی کے ونڈ اسکرین اور پچھلے شیشے پر روشنی کی شفافیت (VLT) کم از کم 70 فیصد ہونی چاہیے۔

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112📚🚗 AutomotiveBelts & Pulleys

V-belts is most suitable when the distance between drive and the driven pulley is

Explanation

V-belts are designed for power transmission between shafts that are located close together (short center-to-center distances). Over long distances, they tend to slip or sag.

وی-بیلٹ (V-belt) پولی کے درمیان کم فاصلے (Short distance) پر طاقت کی ترسیل کے لیے سب سے زیادہ موزوں ہوتے ہیں۔

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113📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Dimensions

"Wheel base" of a motor vehicle is the distance between the

Explanation

The wheelbase of a vehicle is defined as the distance between the center points of the front wheels and the rear wheels (axle-to-axle distance).

گاڑی کے اگلے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے مرکز کے درمیانی فاصلے (axle to axle distance) کو وہیل بیس (Wheel base) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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114📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Instruments

Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the distance covered by the motor vehicle?

Explanation

An odometer is the instrument on the vehicle dashboard that records the total distance traveled by the vehicle. (Speedometer measures speed).

گاڑی کی طرف سے طے کیا گیا کل فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کے لیے اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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115📚🧬 BiologyFish Taxonomy

Which of the following is not a meristic character?

Explanation

Meristic characters are countable anatomical features of fish (e.g., finlet count, gill rakers, scutes). Eye diameter is a measurable distance, which makes it a morphometric (not meristic) character.

میریسٹک (Meristic) خصوصیات وہ ہوتی ہیں جن کی گنتی کی جا سکتی ہے (جیسے پنلٹس، گل رنکرز اور سکیوٹس)۔ آنکھ کا قطر (Eye Diameter) ایک قابل پیمائش لمبائی ہے، اس لیے یہ مارفومیٹرک خصوصیت ہے۔

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116📚🧬 BiologyGenetics

Which of the following statements about linkage is true?
a. Linkage increases as distance between genes increases.
b. Linkage results in formation of more parental phenotype.
c. Repulsion and coupling are two phases of linkage.
d. Mendel recognized linkage phenomenon in his law of inheritance experiments.

Explanation

Statements b and c are true. Linkage keeps genes together, reducing crossing over, which leads to more parental phenotypes. Coupling and repulsion are the two phases of linkage. Statement a is false because linkage decreases as distance increases. Statement d is false because Mendel did not encounter linkage.

بیانات b اور c درست ہیں۔ ربط (Linkage) کی وجہ سے والدین کی طرح کی خصوصیات زیادہ بنتی ہیں، اور کپلنگ و ریپلشن اس کے دو پہلو ہیں۔ بیان a غلط ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ بڑھنے سے ربط کم ہوتا ہے۔ اور مینڈل نے ربط کا مشاہدہ نہیں کیا تھا۔

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117📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture

Which one of the following is NOT an exotic fish?

Explanation

Horabagrus brachysoma (commonly known as the Sun catfish) is native to the rivers of the Western Ghats in India. The other three species are exotic (introduced) to India.

Horabagrus brachysoma (سن کیٹ فش) ہندوستان کے مغربی گھاٹ کے دریاؤں کی مقامی (Native) مچھلی ہے، جبکہ دیگر تینوں درآمد شدہ (Exotic) مچھلیاں ہیں۔

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118📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

Which of the following statements are true?
a. Himalayas extend from the Namga Parbat to Namcha Barwa
b. Himalayas extend over 2400 km
c. Ganga and Brahmaputra are the longest rivers in Himalaya river system
d. Himalayan streams can be divided to 4 zones as per Sehgal (1988)

Explanation

Statements a and b are true. The Himalayas run in an arc of about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat in the west to Namcha Barwa in the east. Statement c is false because the Indus is the longest river. Statement d is false because coldwater streams are divided into 3 zones as per Sehgal (1988) based on temperature and fish composition.

بیانات a اور b درست ہیں۔ ہمالیہ مغرب میں نانگا پربت سے مشرق میں نامچہ باروا تک تقریباً 2400 کلومیٹر طویل قوس میں پھیلا ہوا ہے۔ بیانات c اور d غلط ہیں۔

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119📚🧬 BiologyFish Anatomy

The dark muscles in fishes contain more ------than light muscles

Explanation

Dark (red) muscles in fishes contain a significantly higher density of mitochondria than light (white) muscles. This supports aerobic metabolism for continuous, long-distance swimming.

مچھلی کے سرخ یا گہرے پٹھے (Dark muscles) سفید پٹھوں کے مقابلے میں بہت زیادہ مائٹوکونڈریا (Mitochondria) پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں جو انہیں مسلسل تیرنے کی توانائی دیتے ہیں۔

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120📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture

Kunka is used to measure fish seed in---- technique

Explanation

A 'Kunka' is a traditional, small cup-like measuring container made of wood or metal, used traditionally by spawn collectors and fish farmers in West Bengal to estimate the volume of fish seed/spawn.

کُنکا (Kunka) ماہی پروری کی روایتی (Traditional) تکنیک میں مچھلیوں کے بیج (Spawn/Seed) کو ناپنے کا لکڑی یا دھات کا ایک روایتی چھوٹا برتن ہے۔

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121📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

Riverine fishery resources has ---- major systems

Explanation

India's riverine fishery resources are divided into 5 major systems: 1) Indus River System, 2) Ganga River System, 3) Brahmaputra River System, 4) East Coast River System, and 5) West Coast River System.

ہندوستان کے دریاؤں کی مچھلیوں کے قدرتی ذخائر کو 5 بڑے دریاؤں کے سسٹمز (Riverine Systems) میں تقسیم کیا گیا ہے۔

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122📚🧬 BiologySport Fishing

Rod used in bait fishing measures feet

Explanation

Traditional cane poles or rods used in bait fishing generally measure between 9 to 12 feet, providing the necessary reach and control to present bait without casting long distances.

روایتی طور پر چارہ استعمال کر کے مچھلی پکڑنے والی راڈ (Bait fishing rod) کی لمبائی 9 سے 12 فٹ (9-12 feet) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔

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123📚🧬 BiologySport Fishing

These are major rivers for sport fishing

Explanation

The Kosi, Kali, and Sharda rivers in Uttarakhand/northern India are famous destinations for angling the mighty Golden Mahseer.

ہندوستان میں مہسیر مچھلی کے شکار کے لیے مشہور ندیوں میں کوسی، کالی اور شاردا (Kosi, Kali, Sharda) کے پہاڑی سلسلے شامل ہیں۔

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124📚📜 HistoryHistory of J&K

The Treaty of Amritsar, which handed over the territory of Kashmir to Gulab Singh, was signed in which year?

Explanation

The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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125📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

Which Indian state is the largest producer of rice?

Explanation

West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu.

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126📚📜 HistoryIndian History

The famous Indus Valley Civilization site 'Lothal', known for its ancient dockyard, is located in which modern state of India?

Explanation

Lothal was one of the southern-most cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhal region of modern Gujarat state.

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127📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

The Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water coastal lagoon in India, is located in which state?

Explanation

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India.

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128📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A train running at a speed of

90 \text{ km/h}

crosses a utility pole in

10 \text{ seconds}

. What is the length of the train in meters?

Explanation

Speed in m/s =

90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 \text{ m/s}

.
Time taken to cross the pole =

10 \text{ s}

.
Length of the train =

\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 25 \text{ m/s} \times 10 \text{ s} = 250 \text{ meters}

.

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129📚🧩 ReasoningDirection Sense

A man walks

5 \text{ km}

towards South, then turns right and walks

3 \text{ km}

. He then turns left and walks

5 \text{ km}

. In which direction is he now from his starting point?

Explanation

Let starting point be

(0,0)

.
1. Walks

5 \text{ km}

South

\implies (0, -5)

.
2. Turns right (West) and walks

3 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -5)

.
3. Turns left (South) and walks

5 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -10)

.
The point

(-3, -10)

lies in the South-West quadrant relative to

(0,0)

.

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130📚📖 UrduUrdu Literature

درج ذیل شعراء میں سے کس شاعر کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے پکارا جاتا ہے؟

Explanation

Allama Muhammad Iqbal is honored with the title 'Shair-e-Mashriq' (Poet of the East) for his influential poetry and philosophy.

علامہ اقبال کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے جانا جاتا ہے۔

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131📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies

Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:

Explanation

Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.

ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔

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132📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Layers & Greenhouse Effect

Where of the following greenhouse gases are present?

Explanation

Greenhouse gases (

CO_2, CH_4, N_2O

, and water vapor) are primarily concentrated in the Troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer extending up to ~12 km), where they trap outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to maintain Earth's thermal equilibrium.

گرین ہاؤس گیسیں بنیادی طور پر کرۂ ہوائی کے نچلے حصے یعنی ٹروپوسفیر (Troposphere) میں موجود ہوتی ہیں۔

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133📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources & Calorific Values

Arrange the following non-renewable fossil fuel in the sequence of higher to lower heating values.
1. Coal
2. Hydrogen
3. Petroleum.
4. Natural Gas

Explanation

Heating (calorific) values: Hydrogen (~142 MJ/kg) > Natural Gas (~50-55 MJ/kg) > Petroleum (~42-45 MJ/kg) > Coal (~20-30 MJ/kg). Arranging in sequence from highest to lowest yields: Hydrogen (2), Petroleum/Gas (3), Coal (1), etc.

حرارتی قدر (Calorific value) کی ترتیب: ہائیڈروجن سب سے زیادہ حرارت پیدا کرتا ہے، اس کے بعد پٹرولیم، گیس اور کوئلہ آتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

134📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceLandfill Siting Buffer Distances

According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?

Explanation

Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.

سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

135📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?

Explanation

Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.

ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

136📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater (Amendment) Act 1988

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, was amended in 1988 to include a new chapter specifically dealing with

Explanation

The 1988 Amendment to the Water Act strengthened enforcement powers, specifically introducing Section 33A granting the Board power to give binding directions for closure, prohibition, or regulation of industries.

1988 کی ترمیم کے ذریعے آلودگی کنٹرول بورڈ کو صنعتوں کی فوری بندش اور ہدایات جاری کرنے کے اختیارات دیے گئے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

137📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Transportation & National Highways

NH-44 is the longest national highway in India with a length of ________ Kilometers running from ________ in the north to ________ in the south.

Explanation

National Highway 44 (NH-44) is the longest highway in India, measuring approximately 3,745 km (and extended up to 4,112 km), connecting Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.

NH-44 ہندوستان کا سب سے لمبا قومی شاہراہ ہے جو سری نگر سے کنیا کماری تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

138📚📜 History of Jammu & KashmirKarkota Dynasty & Lalitaditya

Who among the following is known as the "Samudra Gupta of Kashmir" due to his significant rule during the Karkota dynasty between 724-761 A.D.?

Explanation

King Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is celebrated as the "Samudragupta of Kashmir" for his extensive military conquests across northern and central Asia and for constructing the magnificent Martand Sun Temple.

کرکوٹا خاندان کے راجہ للتا دتیہ مکتا پیڈ کو اپنی فتوحات کی وجہ سے "کشمیر کا سمدر گپت" کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

139📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
He climbed ________ the ladder to get onto the roof.

Explanation

'Up' is the standard preposition of direction used with climb ('climbed up the ladder').

سیڑھی چڑھنے کے لیے 'climbed up' کا استعمال درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

140📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Sheetal rides a bike at an average speed of 40 kmph and reaches her destination in 5 hours. Hemlata covers the same distance in 4 hrs. If Sheetal increases her average speed by 10 kmph and Hemlata increases her average speed by 10 kmph, what would be the difference in their time taken to reach destination?

Explanation

Total distance

= 40 \times 5 = 200\text{ km}

. Hemlata's initial speed

= 200/4 = 50\text{ kmph}

. New speeds: Sheetal

= 50\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/50 = 4\text{ hrs} = 240\text{ min}

. Hemlata

= 60\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/60 = 3\text{ hrs } 20\text{ min} = 200\text{ min}

(or 48 min difference on exact round-off).

دونوں کے وقت کا فرق 48 منٹ (یا 40 منٹ) بنتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

141📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of

4\text{ km/hr}

and returns to Pune at speed of

6\text{ km/hr}

. What is his average speed of the entire journey?

Explanation

Average speed

= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}

.

پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار

2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

142📚🧩 Logical ReasoningOrder and Ranking

In a row of 26 girls, when Sakshi shifted four places towards the left, she become 10th from the left end. What was her earlier position form the right end of the row?

Explanation

Earlier position from left end

= 10 + 4 = 14\text{th}

. Position from right end

= (\text{Total} + 1) - \text{Left} = (26 + 1) - 14 = 13\text{th}

.

دائیں جانب سے ساکشی کی ابتدائی پوزیشن 13ویں تھی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

143📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirections and Clocks

Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour hand points to North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?

Explanation

At 6 PM, the hour hand normally points South (6 o'clock). If it points North, the clock is rotated

180^\circ

. At 9:15 PM, the minute hand is at 3 (normally East). Rotated

180^\circ

, it points West.

9:15 بجے منٹ کی سوئی مغرب (West) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

144📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr}

. and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Let total distance be

2D

. Time

= \frac{D}{40} + \frac{D}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{120} = 8 \implies 5D = 960 \implies D = 192\text{ km}

. Total distance

= 2D = 384\text{ km}

.

کل سفر کا فاصلہ

2 \times 192 = 384\text{ km}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

145📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Two men start together to walk to a certain destination, one a

3\text{ km/hr}.

and another

3.75\text{ km/hr}

The latter arrives half an hour before the former. The distance is:

Explanation

Let distance be

D

. Difference in time

= \frac{D}{3} - \frac{D}{3.75} = 0.5\text{ hr} \implies \frac{D}{3} - \frac{4D}{15} = 0.5 \implies \frac{D}{15} = 0.5 \implies D = 7.5\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ 7.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

146📚📜 Ancient Indian HistoryIndus Valley Civilization

The Harappa Civilization was discovered in 1920-21 by the excavations by

Explanation

Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni discovered and excavated the premier Indus Valley site of Harappa in Montgomery district (Punjab, Pakistan) in 1921 under the direction of Sir John Marshall.

ہڑپہ کی کھدائی اور دریافت 1921 میں دیا رام سہنی نے کی تھی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

147📚🌍 General KnowledgeWorld Currencies

What is the currency of South Africa?

Explanation

The South African Rand (ZAR) is the official legal currency of South Africa.

جنوبی افریقہ کی کرنسی رینڈ (Rand) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

148📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India

The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?

Explanation

The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.

ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

149📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Land Areas & Rankings

Which is the seventh largest country in the world by land area?

Explanation

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area (approx. 3.287 million sq km), following Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, and Australia.

رقبے کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان دنیا کا ساتواں (7th) سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

150📚📖 General EnglishPronoun Order & Error Detection

Directions: Here some part of the sentence has errors and remaining are correct. Find out which part of the given sentence has an error and choose the correct option:
I and my colleague/ have carefully considered the important issues raised by / the report which you sent me and/ we have decided to take the following action.

Explanation

In English etiquette and grammar, the order of pronouns should be Third Person before First Person: "My colleague and I" (not "I and my colleague").

حصہ A میں غلطی ہے، درست انداز 'My colleague and I' ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

151📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Distance

Two cars with speeds of

20\text{ km/h}

and

16\text{ km/h}

travel in opposite directions toward each-other. They meet each other after 60 minutes. Find the initial distance between the starting points of two cars.

Explanation

Relative speed

= 20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}

. Time

= 60\text{ min} = 1\text{ hour}

. Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}

.

باہمی رفتار =

20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}

۔ فاصلہ =

36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

152📚📐 SurveyingTheory of Errors

Theory of probability can be applied to

Explanation

In surveying, the Theory of Probability and the method of least squares are applicable strictly to Accidental (or random) errors, as they follow Gaussian normal distribution laws. Cumulative (systematic) errors follow definite mathematical laws and can be eliminated by corrections.

سروے میں امکانی تھیوری (Theory of probability) کا اطلاق صرف حادثاتی یا بے ترتیب غلطیوں (Accidental errors) پر ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

153📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsPrincipal Stresses & Pure Shear

The state of pure shear stress is produced by

Explanation

A state of pure shear stress (

\tau

) on a plane inclined at

45^\circ

is equivalent to equal principal tensile stress in one direction and an equal principal compressive stress in the mutually perpendicular direction (

\sigma_1 = +\tau, \sigma_2 = -\tau

).

خالص قینچی تناؤ (Pure shear stress) ایک سمت میں تناؤ اور اس کے عمود برابر دباؤ کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

154📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Valves

Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Name of the valve): a. Reflux valve, b. Sluice valve, c. Pressure relief valve, d. Scour valve
List -2 (Purpose of the valve): 1. Drain out the west water from dead end, 2. Relieving water hammer pressure, 3. Control the flow in the distribution system at corner and pipe junction, 4. Allow the flow only in one direction

Explanation

Reflux (non-return) valve = Flow in one direction only (a-4), Sluice (gate) valve = Regulate flow in pipe junctions (b-3), Pressure relief valve = Relieve water hammer pressure (c-2), Scour (blow-off) valve = Drain silt/water from depressions and dead ends (d-1). Match: a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

پائپ لائن والوز کا درست ملاپ: a-4، b-3، c-2، d-1 ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

155📚🚆 Railway EngineeringCreep of Rails

Creep is a phenomenon of

Explanation

Creep of rails is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails in a railway track in the direction of dominant train traffic.

ریل کے کرپ (Creep) سے مراد ٹریک میں ٹرین کے چلنے کی سمت میں پٹریوں کی طولی نقل و حرکت (Longitudinal movement) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

156📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringCross Drainage Works: Aqueducts

Direction: The item consists of two statements, one labelled as the 'Statement (I)' and the other as 'Statement (II)'.
Statement (I): Cross drainage structure, aqueduct is constructed to negotiate an aligned channel over, below or at the same level of a stream.
Statement (II): Aqueduct is constructed, when full supply level (FSL) of canal is much higher than high flood level (HFL) of a stream

Explanation

Both statements are individually true facts regarding cross-drainage works. An aqueduct carries a canal over a natural drain where the canal bed is well above the High Flood Level (HFL) of the drainage.

دونوں بیانات انفرادی طور پر درست ہیں (Option B)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

157📚🏗️ Design of RCC StructuresTwo-Way Slab Design Provisions

According to I.S.: 456, slabs which span in two directions with corners held down, are assumed to be divided in each direction into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip, is

Explanation

According to IS 456:2000 Annex D, a two-way slab is divided into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip is three-fourths (

3/4

or

0.75 L

) of the width of the slab, and each edge strip is

1/8

(

0.125 L

) of the width.

IS 456 کے مطابق ٹو وے سلیب میں مڈل اسٹرپ کی چوڑائی سلیب کی کل چوڑائی کا تین چوتھائی (

3/4

) ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

158📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSimple Lifting Machines

In a lifting machine, an effort of

500\text{ N}

is to be moved by a distance of

20\text{ m}

to raise a load of

10,000\text{ N}

by a distance of

0.8\text{ m}

. Determine the velocity ratio, and mechanical advantage of the machine respectively.

Explanation

Velocity Ratio

VR = \frac{\text{Distance moved by effort}}{\text{Distance moved by load}} = \frac{20\text{ m}}{0.8\text{ m}} = 25

. Mechanical Advantage

MA = \frac{\text{Load}}{\text{Effort}} = \frac{10000\text{ N}}{500\text{ N}} = 20

. Values: 25 and 20.

ویلوسیٹی ریشو

VR = 20/0.8 = 25

اور مکینیکل ایڈوانٹیج

MA = 10000/500 = 20

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

159📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsPipe Flow & Energy Losses

For steady incompressible flow through a closed conduit of uniform cross-section, the direction of the flow will always be

Explanation

For a conduit of uniform cross-section, velocity is constant everywhere (

V_1 = V_2

). Flow occurs naturally in the direction of continuous energy dissipation against frictional losses, which corresponds strictly from higher to lower Piezometric Head (

h_p = \frac{p}{\gamma} + z

).

یکساں کراس سیکشن کے پائپ میں بہاؤ ہمیشہ زیادہ پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ سے کم پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ کی طرف ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

160📚📐 SurveyingCurvature & Refraction Corrections

A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was

100\text{ m}

. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is

Explanation

Combined correction formula

C_{comb} = -0.0673 D^2\text{ meters}

, where

D

is in kilometres. Here

D = 100\text{ m} = 0.10\text{ km}

.

C_{comb} = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.0673 \times 0.01 = -0.000673\text{ m}

(subtractive).

مشترکہ تصحیح C = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.000673 میٹر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

161📚🏗️ Structural AnalysisApproximate Lateral Load Analysis: Cantilever Method

In the cantilever method of lateral load analysis, which of the following assumptions are made?
(i) The axial force in the beam is zero.
(ii) The intensity of axial stress in each column of a storey is proportional to the horizontal distance of that column from the centre of gravity of all columns of the storey under consideration.
(iii) The total horizontal shear on each storey is divided between the columns of that storey so that each interior column carries twice as much shear as each exterior column.
The correct answer is

Explanation

In the Cantilever Method of approximate lateral frame analysis: 1. A point of inflection occurs at the mid-point of each beam and column, 2. The direct axial stress in a column is proportional to its distance from the centroid of the column group (ii is true), and 3. Axial force in beams is negligible/zero (i is true). Statement (iii) belongs to the Portal method.

کینٹی لیور طریقہ کار میں کالموں کے ایکسیئل تناؤ کا انحصار سینٹرائیڈ سے فاصلے پر ہوتا ہے اور بیم کا ایکسیئل فورس صفر مانا جاتا ہے (i اور ii)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

162📚🌊 Hydrology & Flood EstimationEmpirical Flood Formulas

According to Dicken's formula for estimating floods, the peak discharge is proportional to:
(Where

A

is catchment area in square kilometres)

Explanation

Dicken's empirical formula for peak flood discharge (widely used in Northern and Central India) is

Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4}

, where

Q_p

is proportional to

A^{3/4}

.

ڈکنز کے فارمولے کے مطابق سیلابی ڈسچارج

Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4}

کیچمنٹ ایریا کے

A^{3/4}

کے متناسب ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

163📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance

Flangeway clearance is the distance

Explanation

Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.

فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

164📚📊 Construction Project ManagementPERT Uncertainty & Variance

The time estimates obtained from four contractors P, Q, R and S for executing a particular job are as under:
P:

t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=13

Q:

t_o=6, t_m=9, t_p=12

R:

t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=14

S:

t_o=4, t_m=10, t_p=13

Which one of the contractors is more certain about completing the work in time:

Explanation

Certainty is measured by the lowest standard deviation / variance

\sigma = \frac{t_p - t_o}{6}

. For P:

\sigma = (13-5)/6 = 1.33

. For Q:

\sigma = (12-6)/6 = 1.00

. For R:

\sigma = (14-5)/6 = 1.50

. For S:

\sigma = (13-4)/6 = 1.50

. Contractor Q has the minimum uncertainty (

\sigma = 1.00

) and is therefore the most certain.

سب سے کم فرق اور غیر یقینی (Standard deviation) ٹھیکیدار Q کے تخمینے میں ہے، اس لیے وہ سب سے زیادہ قابل اعتماد ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

165📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron

Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?

Explanation

The Grid Iron system (interlaced/reticulation network) features interconnected loops and mains without dead ends, allowing continuous multi-directional circulation.

گرڈ آئرن سسٹم (Grid Iron system) کو ریٹیکولیشن سسٹم بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

166📚🗺️ Geography & DemographicsCensus 2011 Data

As per the 2011 Census, which is the least populated state in India?

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, Sikkim is the least populated state with a population of approximately 6.10 lakh (

610,577

), followed by Mizoram.

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

167📚🗺️ Economic GeographyWorld Sea Routes & Trade

Which is the busiest sea route in the world?

Explanation

The North Atlantic Sea Route (linking industrialized North-Eastern USA and Western Europe) is the busiest and most heavily trafficked maritime oceanic trade route in the world, carrying one-fourth of global foreign trade.

شمالی اوقیانوس کا سمندری راستہ (North Atlantic Route) دنیا کا سب سے مصروف ترین تجارتی بحری راستہ ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

168📚🗺️ Geography & Economy of J&KHorticulture in Jammu & Kashmir

Which district is known as 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir'?

Explanation

Shopian district in South Kashmir is famously known as the 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir' because of its vast, high-density, superior-quality apple orchards.

جنوبی کشمیر کے ضلع شوپیاں (Shopian) کو جموں و کشمیر کا 'سیب کا پیالہ' (Apple Bowl of J&K) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

169📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr.}

and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr.}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Harmonic average speed for two equal distance halves

V_{avg} = \frac{2 \times 40 \times 60}{40 + 60} = \frac{4800}{100} = 48\text{ km/h}

. Total Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 48\text{ km/h} \times 8\text{ h} = 384\text{ km}

.

اوسط رفتار = 48 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ کل فاصلہ = 48 \times 8 = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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170📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeBoats and Streams

A boat moving upstream takes 8 hours 48 minutes to cover a distance while it takes 4 hours to return to the starting point, downstream. What is the ratio of the speed of boat in still water to that of water current?

Explanation

Upstream time

t_u = 8\text{ h } 48\text{ min} = 8.8\text{ h} = \frac{44}{5}\text{ h}

. Downstream time

t_d = 4\text{ h}

. Since distance is equal:

(u-v) \times \frac{44}{5} = (u+v) \times 4 \implies 11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 11u - 11v = 5u + 5v \implies 6u = 16v \implies \frac{u}{v} = \frac{16}{6} = \frac{8}{3}

. Ratio is 8:3.

فاصلہ برابر ہونے کی وجہ سے:

11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 6u = 16v \implies u:v = 8:3

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

171📚🌐 International Current AffairsNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones

Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?

Explanation

Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.

اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔

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172📚🗺️ Geography & DemographicsCensus 2011 Data

According to the census of 2011, which state has the least population in India?

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census, Sikkim is the least populated State in India with a population of

610,577

(Lakshadweep is a Union Territory, not a state).

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔

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173📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaDrainage System: West-Flowing Rivers

Which among the following rivers flows from East to West, eventually meeting the Arabian sea?

Explanation

The Narmada River (along with the Tapti) flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and empties into the Arabian Sea at the Gulf of Khambhat.

دریائے نرمدا (Narmada) مشرق سے مغرب کی طرف بہہ کر بحیرہ عرب میں گرتا ہے۔

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174📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car is running at a speed of

108\text{ km/hr},

what distance will it cover in 15 sec?

Explanation

Speed

= 108\text{ km/h} = 108 \times \frac{5}{18}\text{ m/s} = 30\text{ m/s}

. Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 30\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 450\text{ meters}

.

رفتار =

108 \times \frac{5}{18} = 30\text{ m/s}

۔ فاصلہ = 30 \times 15 = 450 میٹر ہے۔

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175📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

If a person starts facing north, turns 45 degrees clockwise, then 90 degrees counterclockwise, and finally 135 degrees clockwise, in which direction is the person facing now?

Explanation

Initial: North (

0^\circ

). Clockwise

= +45^\circ + 135^\circ = +180^\circ

. Counterclockwise

= -90^\circ

. Net rotation

= +180^\circ - 90^\circ = +90^\circ

(East). The person is facing East.

خالص گھماؤ:

+45 - 90 + 135 = +90^\circ

(مشرق کی سمت)۔

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176📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryIndian National Movement Chronology

Arrange the following in chronological order (oldest to newest)
a. Swadeshi Movement
b. Non-Cooperation Movement
c. Quit India Movement
d. Civil Disobedience Movement

Explanation

Historical chronology: a. Swadeshi Movement (1905), b. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), d. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), c. Quit India Movement (1942). Order: a, b, d, c.

تاریخی ترتیب: سودیشی تحریک (1905)، تحریک عدم تعاون (1920)، سول نافرمانی (1930)، ہندوستان چھوڑ دو تحریک (1942)۔ ترتیب: a, b, d, c۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

177📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory & Percentages

In an examination, 34% of the candidates fail in Arithmetic and 42% in English. If 20% fail in Arithmetic and English, the percentage of those passing in both subjects is

Explanation

Total percentage failed in at least one subject

= 34\% + 42\% - 20\% = 56\%

. Percentage passing in both subjects

= 100\% - 56\% = 44\%

.

کسی ایک مضمون میں فیل ہونے والے =

34 + 42 - 20 = 56\%

۔ دونوں میں پاس ہونے والے =

100 - 56 = 44\%

ہیں۔

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178📚💻 Computer KnowledgePage Layout & Orientation

Which of the following is an example of page orientation?

Explanation

Page orientation in word processing and desktop publishing refers to the direction in which a document is displayed or printed, with the two standard options being Portrait (vertical) and Landscape (horizontal).

پیج اورینٹیشن (Page orientation) کی دو اہم مثالیں پورٹریٹ اور لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہیں۔

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179📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

Choose the correct meaning of the idiom:
"By the skin of your teeth"

Explanation

The idiom 'by the skin of your teeth' means by the narrowest of margins, just barely, or narrowly avoiding disaster/failure.

'By the skin of your teeth' محاورے کا مطلب بال بال بچنا یا بمشکل بچ نکلنا (narrowly avoiding something) ہے۔

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180📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryChamparan Satyagraha 1917

After returning from South Africa, Gandhiji launched his first successful Satyagraha in

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha movement in India at Champaran (Bihar) in 1917 to fight for the rights of indigo farmers oppressed under the Tinkathia system.

جنوبی افریقہ سے واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی نے ہندوستان میں پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ 1917 میں چمپارن (بہار) میں شروع کیا۔

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181📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCoastal Plains of India

The name of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is

Explanation

The Coromandel Coast represents the south-eastern coastal plain region of the Indian subcontinent between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh.

تامل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈیل کوسٹ (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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182📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaIndian States with Tri-Junction Borders

Which State of India has borders with three countries namely Nepal, Bhutan and China?

Explanation

Sikkim is uniquely bounded by three foreign nations: Nepal to the west, Bhutan to the east, and China (Tibet) to the north.

سکم (Sikkim) تین ممالک یعنی نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین کے ساتھ بین الاقوامی سرحدیں رکھتا ہے۔

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183📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaExtreme Geographic Points of India

The Northernmost place of India, 'Indira Col' is situated in

Explanation

Indira Col (

5,764\text{ m}

), the northernmost point of Indian territory situated on the Siachen Muztagh in the Karakoram Range, lies in the Union Territory of Ladakh.

ہندوستان کا سب سے شمالی نقطہ اندرا کول (Indira Col) مرکز کے زیر انتظام علاقے لداخ (Ladakh) میں واقع ہے۔

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184📚🛣️ Infrastructure & Transportation in IndiaTunnels & Highways in India

India's longest road tunnel is

Explanation

The Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel) on NH-44 in Jammu and Kashmir is India's longest bi-directional road tunnel, stretching

9.28\text{ km}

(

5.8\text{ miles}

).

شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل (چینانی-ناشری ٹنل - 9.28 کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی روڈ ٹنل ہے۔

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185📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory & Percentages

In a school 40% of the students play football and 50% play cricket. If 18% of the students neither play football nor cricket, the percentage of the students playing both is.

Explanation

Percentage playing at least one game

= 100\% - 18\% = 82\%

. Using union formula:

n(F \cup C) = n(F) + n(C) - n(F \cap C) \implies 82\% = 40\% + 50\% - n(F \cap C) \implies n(F \cap C) = 90\% - 82\% = 8\%

.

دونوں کھیل کھیلنے والے طلباء کا فیصد =

40 + 50 - (100 - 18) = 90 - 82 = 8\%

ہے۔

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186📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?

Explanation

Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.

مشرق کی طرف روانہ ہوا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف منہ کیے ہوئے ہے۔

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187📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

City D is to the West of city M. City R is to the South of city D. If city K is to the East to city R, then in which direction is city K located in respect of city D?

Explanation

Taking City D as origin

(0,0)

: City R is South

(0, -y)

. City K is East of R

(+x, -y)

. Relative to City D, City K lies in the South-East quadrant.

شہر D کے لحاظ سے شہر K جنوب مشرق (South-East) میں واقع ہے۔

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188📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A boy first goes in South direction, then he turns towards left and travels for some distance. After that he turns right and moves certain distance. At last he turns left and travels again for some distance. Now, in which direction is he moving?

Explanation

Sequence: South → Left (faces East) → Right (faces South) → Left (faces East). He is moving in the East direction.

جنوب کی طرف چل کر بائیں (مشرق)، دائیں (جنوب) اور پھر بائیں مڑنے پر وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف جا رہا ہے۔

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189📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles

What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?

Explanation

The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.

پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

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190📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology: Vernier Calipers

The least count of a vernier caliper is defined as:

Explanation

Least Count (LC) of a vernier instrument is the difference between the value of 1 Main Scale Division (1 MSD) and 1 Vernier Scale Division (1 VSD), i.e.,

LC = 1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}

.

ورنیئر کیلیپر کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ مین اسکیل ڈویژن اور ورنیئر اسکیل ڈویژن کا فرق (

1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}

) ہوتا ہے۔

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191📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Friction & Braking

To stop a car in shortest distance on a horizontal road, one should:

Explanation

Static coefficient of friction

(\mu_s)

is greater than kinetic/sliding coefficient of friction

(\mu_k)

. Applying brakes hard enough to just prevent slipping (impending skidding / threshold braking / ABS) utilizes maximum static friction, yielding the shortest stopping distance.

سب سے کم فاصلے میں کار روکنے کے لیے بریک اس حد تک لگانی چاہیے کہ پہیے پھسلنے سے محفوظ رہیں (تھریش ہولڈ بریکنگ)۔

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192📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Column Buckling

Among the following factors, which one does NOT influence the buckling load:

Explanation

Euler's critical buckling load is given by

P_{cr} = \frac{\pi^2 E I}{L_e^2}

. It depends directly on Young's modulus

E

, least moment of inertia

I

, effective length

L_e

, and slenderness ratio

\lambda

. Cross-sectional area alone without its geometrical distribution does not govern Euler column buckling.

آئیولر کے بکلنگ لوڈ کا انحصار ماڈیولس آف ایلاسٹسٹی، سلمبرنس ریشو اور مومنٹ آف انرشا پر ہوتا ہے۔

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193📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Atomic Bonding

In diamond, the nature of the atomic bond is:

Explanation

Diamond consists of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystal structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong

sp^3

directional covalent bonds.

ہیرے (Diamond) میں کاربن ایٹمز کے درمیان مضبوط کوویلینٹ بانڈنگ (Covalent bond) پائی جاتی ہے۔

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194📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Mechanical Properties of Ceramics

How is the creep strength of ceramics when compared to other materials?

Explanation

Ceramics possess extremely high melting points, strong directional ionic/covalent bonds, and low atomic diffusion rates at elevated temperatures, conferring Excellent creep resistance compared to metals and polymers.

سیرامکس میں کرسٹل بانڈنگ انتہائی مضبوط ہونے کی وجہ سے ان کی کریپ مزاحمت بہترین (Excellent) ہوتی ہے۔

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195📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaLatitudinal & Longitudinal Extent of India

Which line passes through India?

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer (

23.5^\circ\text{ N}

latitude) passes through the middle of India, dividing the country into almost two equal halves across 8 Indian States (Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram).

خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer -

23.5^\circ\text{ N}

) ہندوستان کے 8 ریاستوں سے گزرتا ہے۔

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196📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?

Explanation

Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.

مشرق کی طرف رخ کر کے چلنا شروع کیا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔

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197📚🗺️ Geography & Culture of IndiaLanguages of North-East India

Bodo language is spoken mainly in which of the following states of India?

Explanation

Bodo (Boro), an official language listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is primarily spoken in the state of Assam (Bodoland Territorial Region).

بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔

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198📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr.}

and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr.}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Let total distance

= D\text{ km}

.

\frac{D/2}{40} + \frac{D/2}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{D}{80} + \frac{D}{120} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{240} = 8 \implies 5D = 1920 \implies D = 384\text{ km}

.

کل طے شدہ فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 240}{5} = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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199📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCapitals of Indian States

What is the capital of Meghalaya?

Explanation

Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).

ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔

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200📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeArithmetic Progression & Distance

The speed of a car increases by 2 km after every hour. If the distance travelled in the first one hour was 35 km. What the total distance travelled in 12 hours?

Explanation

Arithmetic Progression with first term

a = 35\text{ km}

, common difference

d = 2\text{ km}

, number of terms

n = 12

. Total distance

S_{12} = \frac{n}{2} [2a + (n-1)d] = 6 [2(35) + 11(2)] = 6 [70 + 22] = 6 \times 92 = 552\text{ km}

.

حسابی سلسلہ (AP): کل فاصلہ S_{12} = 6 \times 92 = 552 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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201📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Lens Formula

An object is placed 10 cm from a diverging lens which forms an image 6.5 cm from the lens. What is the focal length of the lens?

Explanation

For a diverging (concave) lens: object distance

u = -10\text{ cm}

, virtual image distance

v = -6.5\text{ cm}

. Using lens formula:

\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{-6.5} - \frac{1}{-10} = -\frac{2}{13} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{-20 + 13}{130} = -\frac{7}{130} \implies f = -\frac{130}{7} \approx -18.57\text{ cm} \approx -18.5\text{ cm}

.

لینز فارمولے سے فوکل لمبائی f = -18.5 سینٹی میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔

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202📚🗺️ Physical GeographyLongitudes & Time Calculations

If Greenwich meridian time is 12 noon, then what will be the time at 45 degree East longitude?

Explanation

Earth rotates

360^\circ

in 24 hours

\implies 15^\circ

per hour (or

1^\circ

in 4 minutes). For

45^\circ\text{ East}

(ahead of GMT): Time difference

= \frac{45^\circ}{15^\circ/\text{hr}} = +3\text{ hours}

. Local time

= 12:00\text{ Noon} + 3\text{ hours} = 3:00\text{ PM}

.

45^\circ

مشرق پر وقت گرین وچ سے 3 گھنٹے آگے ہوگا، لہذا دوپہر 12 بجے کے بعد سہ پہر کے 3 بجیں گے (3 PM)۔

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203📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory: Venn Diagrams

Among 200 persons, 90 people like Tea while 108 people like Coffee and 46 people like both Tea and Coffee. How many person like neither nor coffee?

Explanation

Number liking at least one beverage:

n(T \cup C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T \cap C) = 90 + 108 - 46 = 152

. Persons liking neither

= 200 - 152 = 48

.

دونوں میں سے کچھ بھی پسند نہ کرنے والوں کی تعداد =

200 - (90 + 108 - 46) = 200 - 152 = 48

ہے۔

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204📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length

A man walking at the rate of

5\text{ km/hr}

crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?

Explanation

Speed

v = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}

. Time

t = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}

. Length of bridge

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}

.

پل کی لمبائی = رفتار

\times

وقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔

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205📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion

A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?

Explanation

Speed in

\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}

. Converting to

\text{km/hr}

:

6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}

.

سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔

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206📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeAverages: Weight Inclusions

The average weight of a class of 24 students is 35 kg. If the weight of the teacher be included, the average rises by 400 g. The weight of the teacher is?

Explanation

Total students weight

= 24 \times 35 = 840\text{ kg}

. New total people

= 25

, new average

= 35 + 0.4 = 35.4\text{ kg}

. Total weight

= 25 \times 35.4 = 885\text{ kg}

. Teacher's weight

= 885 - 840 = 45\text{ kg}

.

استاد کا وزن = 885 - 840 = 45 کلوگرام ہے۔

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207📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeHCF and LCM: Divisibility and Remainders

The least multiple of 13, which on dividing by 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves remainder 2 in each case is ?

Explanation

\text{LCM}(4, 5, 6, 7, 8) = 840

. Required number is of form

840k + 2

. Testing

k=3

:

840(3) + 2 = 2520 + 2 = 2522

.

2522 \div 13 = 194

(exactly divisible by 13).

13 کا سب سے چھوٹا ضرب جو شرط پوری کرتا ہے

2522

ہے۔

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208📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras Theorem

From his house, Avinash went to Kapil's house situated 500 m towards the north-east of his own house. From there, both of them went to Varun's house situated 400 m towards the south of Kapil's house. What is the shortest distance between Avinash's current location and his location at the beginning?

Explanation

In right triangle with hypotenuse 500m (NE path) and vertical south leg 400m: By Pythagorean theorem, horizontal base

= \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = \sqrt{250000 - 160000} = \sqrt{90000} = 300\text{ m}

.

مختصر ترین فاصلہ = \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = 300 میٹر ہے۔

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209📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

Tina is to the 75 m south east of veena. Rina is to the 75 m south west of veena. Tina is to the ________ of Rina?

Explanation

Veena is at origin. Tina is at

(+x, -y)

and Rina is at

(-x, -y)

on the same horizontal south line. Therefore, Tina is directly to the East of Rina.

ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) کی طرف واقع ہے۔

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210📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Angles & Turns

A man is facing towards the east. He then turns

45^\circ

anti-clockwise, again

180^\circ

anti-clockwise and then

225^\circ

clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?

Explanation

Initial direction = East (

0^\circ

). Anti-clockwise turns:

+45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ

. Clockwise turn:

-225^\circ

. Net rotation

= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ

. He is still facing East.

مجموعی گھماؤ صفر ڈگری ہے، لہذا وہ اب بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔

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211📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

Rishabh starts walking towards the west. After walking 70 m he turns to the left and walks 35 m straight. He turns left again and walks 30 m, again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 35 m. How far is he from the starting point ?

Explanation

Starts (0,0) → West to (-70, 0) → South to (-70, -35) → East 30m to (-40, -35) → North 35m to (-40, 0). Distance from start

(0,0) = 40\text{ m}

.

ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 70 - 30 = 40 میٹر ہے۔

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212📚🌍 International Reports & IndicesWorld Happiness Report 2024

In the World Happiness Report 2024, what is India's ranking?

Explanation

In the World Happiness Report 2024 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, India ranked 126th out of 143 surveyed nations.

عالمی خوشحالی رپورٹ 2024 میں ہندوستان کا رینک 126واں ہے۔

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213📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryBattle of Plassey (1757)

The Battle of Plassey was fought in

Explanation

The historic Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company led by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah, establishing British dominance in Bengal.

پلاسی کی جنگ 23 جون 1757 کو لڑی گئی تھی۔

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214📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaPhysical Geography: Latitudes & Hemispheres

The southernmost point of peninsular India, that is, Kanyakumari, is

Explanation

Kanyakumari is situated at latitude

8^\circ 4'\text{ N}

, which lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, North of the Equator (

0^\circ

).

کنیا کماری (

8^\circ 4'\text{ N}

) خط استوا (Equator) کے شمال میں واقع ہے۔

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215📚🎭 Classical Dances of IndiaIndian Classical Dances & Origins

Kathak, a classical dance form, originated from

Explanation

Kathak, derived from Sanskrit 'Katha' (storytellers / Kathakars), is a major classical Indian dance form that originated in Northern India, primarily Uttar Pradesh.

کتھک کلاسیکی رقص کی ابتدا شمالی ہندوستان (اتر پردیش) سے ہوئی۔

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216📚🗺️ Drainage System of J&K and LadakhIndus River Basin & Tributaries

Zanskar is a tributary of

Explanation

The Zanskar River is a major north-flowing left-bank tributary of the Indus River, joining it near Nimmu in Ladakh.

دریائے زنسکار، دریائے سندھ (Indus River) کا ایک اہم معاون دریا ہے۔

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217📚🎭 Folk Dances & Festivals of IndiaState Folk Dances

Which Indian state celebrate Bihu as a folk dance?

Explanation

Bihu is the most prominent folk dance and cultural festival of the northeastern state of Assam (celebrated as Rongali, Kongali, and Bhogali Bihu).

بیہو (Bihu) رقص ریاست آسام کا روایتی لوک رقص اور تہوار ہے۔

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218📚🗺️ Drainage System of IndiaEast-Flowing vs West-Flowing Rivers

Which of the following river is not a west flowing river in India?

Explanation

The Rushikulya River is an East-flowing river in Odisha draining into the Bay of Bengal (famous for Olive Ridley turtle nesting). Bharathappuzha, Sabarmati, and Periyar flow west into the Arabian Sea.

دریائے روشیکولیا (Rushikulya) اوڈیشہ کا مشرق کی طرف بہنے والا دریا ہے جو خلیج بنگال میں گرتا ہے۔

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219📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaTropic of Cancer: States Traversed

The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which of the following Indian states?

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer (

23.5^\circ\text{ N}

) passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It does NOT pass through Assam.

خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer) ریاست آسام سے نہیں گزرتا۔

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220📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCapitals of North-Eastern States

What is the capital of Mizoram?

Explanation

Aizawl is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Mizoram. (Imphal is Manipur's capital, Kohima is Nagaland's, Shillong is Meghalaya's).

ریاست میزورم کا دارالحکومت آئیزول (Aizawl) ہے۔

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221📚🗺️ Climate & Geography of J&KWestern Disturbances & Winter Weather in Kashmir

The Kashmir region receives an additional amount of precipitation during the winter brought by which of the following?

Explanation

Winter precipitation (heavy snowfall and rain) across the Kashmir Himalayas is caused by Western Disturbances, which are extratropical cyclonic weather systems originating over the Mediterranean Sea.

کشمیر میں موسم سرما کی برف باری اور بارشیں مغربی ہوائی خلل یعنی ویسٹرن ڈسٹربنس (Western Disturbances) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہیں۔

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222📚🏆 Sports & National AwardsMajor Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna 2023

Who won the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2023?

Explanation

India's premier Men's Badminton doubles duo, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty, were jointly conferred the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2023 for winning Asian Games Gold and reaching World No. 1 ranking.

سال 2023 کا دھیان چند کھیل رتن ایوارڈ بیڈمنٹن جوڑی ساتوک سائراج رینکی ریڈی اور چراغ شیٹی کو دیا گیا۔

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223📚🌿 National Parks & Wildlife of LadakhHemis National Park

Consider the following statements about the Hemis National Park:
1. It is located in eastern Ladakh, Leh district, and is the largest national park in India.
2. Covering 4,400 square kilometers, this park is renowned for high-altitude habitats and Snow leopard safaris.
3. The name 'Hemis National Park' stands for "ten villages" in memory of the ten villages relocated for the park.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are accurate. Statement 3 describes Dachigam National Park ('ten villages'), not Hemis (which is named after the historic Hemis Monastery). Thus, only 1 and 2 are correct.

صرف بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں۔ 'دس گاؤں' کا تعلق داچی گام سے ہے نہ کہ ہیمس نیشنل پارک سے۔

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224📚🧩 Logical ReasoningClock & Direction Sense Test

Shalini placed the wall clock on the table in such a way that at 3 P.M. hour hand points to the West. In which direction the minute hand will point at 6.45 P.M.?

Explanation

Standard 3 P.M. hour hand points East (

90^\circ

). Here it points West (

270^\circ

), representing a

180^\circ

reversal of cardinal directions. At 6:45 P.M., the minute hand normally points to 9 (West). Under the

180^\circ

transformed dial, West becomes East.

گھڑی کے رخ کو 180 ڈگری الٹ کرنے پر 6:45 پر منٹ کی سوئی مشرق (East) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔

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225📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras & Vectors

Rihan is facing south. He turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and walks 8 km in the same direction. From there, he again turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and continues walking 6 km in the same direction. How far and in which direction Rihan is, from the starting point?

Explanation

Starting point (0,0) facing South. Turns

90^\circ

anticlockwise → faces East, walks 8 km to (8, 0). Turns

90^\circ

anticlockwise → faces North, walks 6 km to (8, 6). Shortest distance

= \sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{64 + 36} = 10\text{ km}

, Direction = North-East.

ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ =

\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = 10

کلومیٹر اور سمت شمال مشرق (North East) ہے۔

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226📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Delay Problems

With an average speed of

50\text{ km/hr}

a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of

40\text{ km/hr}

it is late by 24 minutes. The total journey is

Explanation

Time difference

= 24\text{ minutes} = \frac{24}{60} = \frac{2}{5}\text{ hours}

.

\frac{D}{40} - \frac{D}{50} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{5D - 4D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies D = 80\text{ km}

.

سفر کا کل فاصلہ D = \frac{2}{5} \times 200 = 80 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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227📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProbability & Combinations

A committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the probability that the committee has at least 1 woman?

Explanation

Total ways to choose 3 out of 5 people

= \binom{5}{3} = 10

. Ways to choose committee with NO women (all 3 men)

= \binom{3}{3} = 1

. Probability of at least 1 woman

= 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10}

.

کم از کم ایک عورت شامل ہونے کا امکان

= 1 - 1/10 = 9/10

ہے۔

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228📚🌱 Ecology & EnvironmentTrophic Structure: Food Chains

A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes

Explanation

A linear unidirectional nutritional feeding sequence where nutrients and energy transfer from producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer constitutes a Food Chain.

پودے سے شاکاہاری اور پھر گوشت خور تک غذائی توانائی کی منتقلی کا سلسلہ فوڈ چین (Food chain) کہلاتا ہے۔

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229📚🗺️ Physical GeographyLatitudes and Longitudes

The distance between the longitude

Explanation

Lines of longitude (meridians) are furthest apart at the Equator (

\approx 111.3\text{ km}

) and gradually converge, with the distance between them decreasing to zero at both the North and South Poles.

خطوط طول البلد کے درمیان فاصلہ قطبین (Poles) کی طرف جاتے ہوئے گھٹتا جاتا ہے۔

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230📚🌲 Forestry & EnvironmentForest Ecology & Monoculture

Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in

Explanation

Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.

ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔

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231📚🌾 Agriculture in IndiaMajor Agricultural Producers

Consider the following pairs:
1. Largest litchi producing state in India — a. West Bengal
2. Cocoa producing state in India — b. Madhya Pradesh
3. Largest wheat-producing states in India — c. Kerala
4. Largest rice producing state in India — d. Bihar
Which of the following pair is correct?

Explanation

Litchi = Bihar (1d), Cocoa = Kerala (2c), Wheat = UP/MP (3b), Rice = West Bengal (4a)

\implies

1d, 2c, 3b, 4a.

درست جوڑے: لیچی (بہار - 1d)، کوکو (کیرالہ - 2c)، گندم (مدھیہ پردیش - 3b)، چاول (مغربی بنگال - 4a)۔

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232📚⚖️ Indian PolityRecognition of State Political Parties

Consider the following statements:
1. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and
2. Wins at least 5 seats is recognised as a state party.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Under Election Commission of India rules, a party is recognized as a State Party if it secures

\ge 6\%

of valid votes and wins at least 2 Assembly seats (not 5 seats). Thus, only Statement 1 is correct.

الیکشن کمیشن کے قوانین کے مطابق کم از کم 6 فیصد ووٹ اور 2 سیٹیں درکار ہوتی ہیں، لہذا صرف بیان 1 درست ہے۔

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233📚🔬 General ScienceSI Base Units: Length

What is the standard unit of length in the International System of Units?

Explanation

The Metre (m) is the base SI unit of length defined by the distance light travels in vacuum in

1 / 299,792,458

seconds.

بین الاقوامی نظام اکائیات (SI) میں لمبائی کی بنیادی اکائی میٹر (Meter) ہے۔

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234📚🌍 International Current AffairsMiddle East Geopolitics in News

Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?

Explanation

Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.

حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

235📚🏛️ Panchayati Raj in J&KJ&K Panchayati Raj Act 1989: Meeting Frequency

What is the minimum requirement on the number of meetings to be conducted by gram panchayat in Jammu and Kashmir.

Explanation

Under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, a Halqa Panchayat / Gram Panchayat is legally mandated to meet at least once a month for administrative business.

جموں و کشمیر پنچایتی راج ایکٹ کے تحت گرام پنچایت کی میٹنگ ماہ میں کم از کم ایک بار (At least once a month) ہونی لازمی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

236📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions

Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.
Conclusions:
1. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance.
2. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.

Explanation

Both conclusions directly address the premise's root problem by asserting that directors should possess specific financial expertise matching institutional roles. Both (1) and (2) follow.

دونوں نتائج (1 اور 2) بیان کے منطقی حل کے طور پر اخذ ہوتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

237📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense: Shadow Problems

One morning, Manish and Ali were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Ali's shadow was exactly to the left of Manish, which direction was Manish facing?

Explanation

In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. If the shadow is to Manish's left, then Manish's left side is West. Therefore, Manish must be facing North.

صبح کے وقت سایہ مغرب میں پڑتا ہے۔ بائیں ہاتھ پر مغرب ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ منیش کا رخ شمال (North) کی طرف ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

238📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance

Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?

Explanation

From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home

(0,0) = 30\text{ km}

.

گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

239📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Relative Speed

Bombay Express left Delhi for Bombay at 14.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 60 km/h and Rajdhani Express left Delhi for Bombay on the same day at 16.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 80 kmph. How far away from Delhi will the two trains meet?

Explanation

Time gap

= 2\text{ hours}

(14:30 to 16:30). Lead distance

= 60 \times 2 = 120\text{ km}

. Relative speed

= 80 - 60 = 20\text{ km/hr}

. Time to catch up

= \frac{120}{20} = 6\text{ hours}

. Distance from Delhi

= 80\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hours} = 480\text{ km}

.

دونوں ٹرینیں دہلی سے 80 \times 6 = 480 کلومیٹر کے فاصلے پر ملیں گی۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

240📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeHeights and Distances: Trigonometry

A person standing on the bank of river finds that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower on the opposite bank is

45^\circ

, then which of the following statement is correct?

Explanation

In right triangle formed by tower height

h

and river breadth

d

:

\tan 45^\circ = \frac{h}{d} \implies 1 = \frac{h}{d} \implies h = d

. The breadth of the river and height of the tower are identical.

چونکہ

\tan 45^\circ = 1

ہے، اس لیے دریا کی چوڑائی اور ٹاور کی اونچائی برابر ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

241📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeCoordinate Geometry: Intersection of Circles

If two circles

(x - 1)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = r^2

and

x^2 + y^2 + 8x + 2y + 8 = 0

intersect in two distinct points, then

Explanation

Circle 1: Center

C_1(1, 3)

, radius

r_1 = r

. Circle 2: Center

C_2(-4, -1)

, radius

r_2 = \sqrt{16 + 1 - 8} = 3

. Distance between centers

d = \sqrt{(1 - (-4))^2 + (3 - (-1))^2} = \sqrt{25 + 16} = \sqrt{41} \approx 6.4

. For intersection in two distinct points:

|r_1 - r_2| < d < r_1 + r_2 \implies 2 < r < 8

.

دو دائروں کے دو مختلف مقامات پر قطع کرنے کی شرط:

2 < r < 8

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

242📚🔬 Space Science & PhysicsSatellite Launch Trajectories & Orbital Mechanics

Assertion (A): Artificial Satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastwards direction.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Assertion (A) is correct: Satellites are launched eastward to harness Earth's eastward rotational linear speed boost (maximum near the equator). Reason (R) is incorrect because Earth's rotational boost helps attain orbital insertion velocity (~7.8 km/s), NOT escape velocity (11.2 km/s).

دعویٰ (A) درست ہے کہ سیٹلائٹس مشرق کی سمت داغے جاتے ہیں، لیکن وجہ (R) غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مداروی رفتار کے لیے ہوتا ہے نہ کہ فرار کی رفتار (Escape velocity) کے لیے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

243📚🌿 Biosphere Reserves of IndiaProtected Areas & Biosphere Reserves

Where is the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve located in India?

Explanation

India's designated 'Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve' (encompassing Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal, Sarchu, and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the western Himalayas) is located in Himachal Pradesh.

کولڈ ڈیزرٹ بائیوسفیئر ریزرو ہندوستان کی ریاست ہماچل پردیش (پِن ویلی) میں واقع ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

244📚👥 Tribes of North-East IndiaEthnic Demographics of North-East India

Consider the following statements:
1. Thadou is a group of people inhabiting Assam.
2. Boro (Bodo) is a group of people inhabiting Manipur.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements have locations reversed: Thadou people are indigenous to Manipur (and parts of Mizoram/Assam hills), whereas the Boro (Bodo) people are indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Hence, Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.

تھادو قبیلہ بنیادی طور پر منی پور میں اور بوڈو قبیلہ آسام میں آباد ہے، لہذا دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Neither 1 nor 2)۔

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245📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaState Areas & Rankings

Arrange the following states in descending order on the basis of area:
1. Rajasthan
2. Madhya Pradesh
3. Karnataka
4. Maharashtra
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Ranking by geographical area in descending order: 1. Rajasthan (342,239 sq km, 1) > 2. Madhya Pradesh (308,245 sq km, 2) > 3. Maharashtra (307,713 sq km, 4) > 4. Karnataka (191,791 sq km, 3)

\implies 1, 2, 4, 3

.

رقبے کے لحاظ سے نزولی ترتیب: راجستھان (1) → مدھیہ پردیش (2) → مہاراشٹر (4) → کرناٹک (3) یعنی 1, 2, 4, 3۔

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246📚🗺️ Rivers & Heritage of J&KHoly Rivers of Jammu: Devika River

Consider the following statements:
1. Devika river originates in Himachal Pradesh.
2. It holds religious significance as it is revered as the sister of river Ganga.
3. It flows towards western Punjab where it merges with the Ravi River.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is false: The holy Devika River originates at Sudh Mahadev in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir (not HP). Statements 2 and 3 are historically and geographically correct (revered in Nilamata Purana as the elder sister of Ganga and merges into the Ravi system). Thus, 2 and 3 only are correct.

دیویکا ندی اودھمپور (جموں و کشمیر) سے نکلتی ہے (نہ کہ ایچ پی سے) اور اسے گنگا کی بہن مانا جاتا ہے، لہذا صرف بیانات 2 اور 3 درست ہیں۔

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247📚🚆 Indian RailwaysRailway Zones and Headquarters

In which one of the following places is the headquarters of the North-Eastern Railway located?

Explanation

The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway (NER) zone of Indian Railways is situated at Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. (Guwahati is the headquarters of the Northeast Frontier Railway / NFR).

شمال مشرقی ریلوے (NER) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔

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248📚🛡️ Joint Military & Naval ExercisesExercise Sea Dragon

Consider the following statements:
1. Sea Dragon 22 exercise is designed to practice and discuss Anti-submarine warfare tactics.
2. It is a bilateral annual exercise between India and the US.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Exercise Sea Dragon is a premier multinational Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) exercise held at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. Statement 2 is false: It is a multilateral exercise involving six Indo-Pacific nations (US, India, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea), not a bilateral exercise. Thus, 1 only is correct.

سی ڈریگن مشق آبدوز شکن (Anti-submarine) حکمت عملی پر مبنی کثیر ملکی مشق ہے (صرف بیان 1 درست ہے)۔

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249📚📜 Ancient & Medieval History of JammuDev Dynasty Rulers of Jammu

Which ruler of the Dev Dynasty defeated Mahmud of Ghazni with the combined strength of Jammu hill chiefs?

Explanation

According to Dogra chronicles and the Rajdarshani, Raja Bhuj Dev of Jammu united the hill chieftains and inflicted a defeat on Ghaznavid forces during one of their northern expeditions.

راج درشنی کے مطابق راجہ بھوج دیو (Bhuj Dev) نے جموں کے پہاڑی سرداروں کے ساتھ مل کر غزنوی فوجوں کا مقابلہ کیا۔

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250📚🗺️ Geography & Locations of J&KLatitudinal Spatial Ordering of J&K Cities

Arrange the following places of Kashmir region from North to South:
1. Kargil
2. Gilgit
3. Banihal
4. Sri Nagar
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Latitudinal North to South sequence: Gilgit (35.92° N, 2) → Kargil (34.55° N, 1) → Srinagar (34.08° N, 4) → Banihal (33.50° N, 3)

\implies 2, 1, 4, 3

.

شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: گلگت (2) → کارگل (1) → سری نگر (4) → بانہال (3) یعنی 2, 1, 4, 3۔

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251📚🗺️ Physical Geography of J&KGeographical Coordinates & Mountain Ranges

Consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17' and 35°05' North.
2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect (J&K lies between 32°17' N and 37°05' N latitude, not 28°17'). Statement 2 is correct (the northern and western mountainous terrain is flanked by the Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, and Karakoram). Thus, 2 only is correct.

جموں و کشمیر 32°17' سے 37°05' شمالی عرض البلد کے درمیان واقع ہے، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔

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252📚📜 Modern History of J&KTreaty of Amritsar 1846 & Dogra Dynasty

Which ruler of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, ceding Kashmir to Gulab Singh?

Explanation

Maharaja Gulab Singh signed the historic Treaty of Amritsar on 16 March 1846 with the British East India Company, acquiring the hilly territory of Kashmir for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and founding the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے 1846 میں انگریزوں کے ساتھ معاہدہ امرتسر پر دستخط کیے تھے۔

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253📚🏛️ Infrastructure & Administration in IndiaPostal PIN Code Zones of India

Jammu and Kashmir falls under which postal zonal code in India?

Explanation

Under the Indian Postal PIN Code system, Northern Postal Zone 1 covers Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir (PIN codes starting with digits 18 and 19).

جموں و کشمیر ہندوستانی پوسٹل نظام کے زون 1 (Zone 1 - پن کوڈ 18 اور 19) کے تحت آتا ہے۔

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254📚🗺️ Glaciers & Geography of Ladakh/KashmirKarakoram Glaciers: Siachen

Which glacier lies in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir near the India-Pakistan border?

Explanation

The Siachen Glacier (76 km long, the highest battleground in the world) lies in the eastern Karakoram Range along the Line of Control / NJ9842 near the India-Pakistan border.

سیاچن گلیشیر قراقرم رینج میں پاک بھارت سرحد کے قریب واقع دنیا کا سب سے اونچا محاذ جنگ ہے۔

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255📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS WordTables in MS Word

What is the minimum number of rows and columns that a table in MS Word can have?

Explanation

A valid table in Microsoft Word requires at least one cell, which corresponds to a minimum of 1 row and 1 column.

ایم ایس ورڈ کے ٹیبل میں کم از کم 1 قطار اور 1 کالم (1 row and 1 column) ہو سکتا ہے۔

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256📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection and Distance: Pythagoras Theorem

Rehana drives 6 km west from her home and turns left and drives 3 km and then turns left again and drives 10 km. What is the shortest distance between her home and office?

Explanation

Coordinates from Home (0,0):
1. 6 km West to (-6, 0)
2. Turns left (South) 3 km to (-6, -3)
3. Turns left (East) 10 km to (-6 + 10, -3) = (4, -3)
Shortest straight-line distance

= \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}

.

فیثاغورث کے فارمولے سے گھر اور دفتر کا فاصلہ = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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257📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

Tina is to the 75 m south east of Veena. Rina is to the 75m south west of Veena. Tina is to the _____ of Rina?

Explanation

Veena at (0,0). Rina is South-West at

(-75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ)

and Tina is South-East at

(+75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ)

. Both are at the same southward depth. Therefore, Tina lies directly to the East of Rina.

دونوں ایک ہی متوازی خط پر ہیں، اس لیے ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) میں واقع ہے۔

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258📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense: Angular Turns

A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45° anti-clockwise, again 180° anti-clockwise and then 225° clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?

Explanation

Sum of rotations: Anticlockwise

= +45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ

. Clockwise

= -225^\circ

. Net angular change

= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ

. The man remains facing in his original direction: East.

مجموعی زاویائی گردش:

+225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ

، یعنی وہ ابھی بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف دیکھ رہا ہے۔

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259📚🧮 Quantitative Aptitude & Speed CalculationSpeed, Time and Distance

You are driving at a speed of

72\text{ km/hr}

, how far distance will your vehicle travel in 20 minutes?

Explanation

Time

t = 20\text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} = \frac{1}{3}\text{ hour}

. Distance

d = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72\text{ km/hr} \times \frac{1}{3}\text{ hr} = 24\text{ km}

.

فاصلہ = رفتار

\times

وقت: 72 \times \frac{20}{60} = 24 کلومیٹر۔

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260📚🚗 Road Safety & Traffic ManagementSpeed Limits and Accident Prevention

Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing

Explanation

Calibrating and reducing traffic speed significantly reduces vehicle stopping distance and collision energy, drastically lowering the Number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.

گاڑی کی رفتار کم رکھنے سے سڑک حادثات (Number of crashes) میں نمایاں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔

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261📚🛣️ Highway Engineering & Road InfrastructureCarriageway Design & Lane Specifications

National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way means

Explanation

A 4-lane divided carriageway highway consists of a central physical median dividing two lanes of dedicated traffic flow in each opposite direction (2 lanes up + 2 lanes down = 4 total lanes).

4-لین ڈیوائیڈڈ ہائی وے کا مطلب دونوں سمتوں میں 2، 2 ٹریفک لینز کا ہونا ہے۔

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262📚👮 Traffic Control SignalsHand Signals of Traffic Police

Traffic police hand signal: Left arm raised diagonally upwards and right arm bent across chest represents:

Explanation

In traffic regulatory signaling, raising the left hand to block vehicles from the left while extending the right hand guides vehicles from the right to proceed or turn.

ٹریفک پولیس کا یہ اشارہ بائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روک کر دائیں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو گزرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

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263📚🚗 Driver Hand SignalsDriver Manual Turn Signals

Driver extending right arm outside and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circular direction represents:

Explanation

Under the Motor Vehicle Driving Regulations, a driver extending the right arm horizontally and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circle signals their intention to turn left.

سیدھے ہاتھ کو باہر نکال کر گھڑیال مخالف گھمانا بائیں مڑنے (Turn left) کا اشارہ ہے۔

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264📚🚗 Traffic Signals & IntersectionsFlashing Amber Light Rules

Approaching an intersection where the yellow signal light is blinking, you should

Explanation

A flashing amber/yellow signal light requires drivers to slow down, look in all directions, and proceed with caution only after ensuring the intersection is clear and safe.

پیلے رنگ کی ٹمٹماتی بتی پر رفتار دھیمی کریں اور سڑک محفوظ ہونے کی تسلی کر کے احتیاط سے آگے بڑھیں۔

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265📚🗺️ Geography & Map ReadingRelative Spatial Orientation of Indian States

The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is

Explanation

Jammu and Kashmir is situated in northernmost India (

32^\circ\text{--}37^\circ\text{ N}

,

74^\circ\text{--}78^\circ\text{ E}

), which lies directly North-West relative to Bihar (

24^\circ\text{--}27^\circ\text{ N}

,

83^\circ\text{--}88^\circ\text{ E}

).

بہار کے جغرافیائی تناظر میں جموں و کشمیر شمال مغرب (North-West) میں واقع ہے۔

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266📚🗺️ Basic Cartography & Map ReadingComponents of a Map

Among (i) Distance, (ii) Direction, and (iii) Symbol, which are the components of a map?

Explanation

In basic cartography, there are three fundamental essential components of every map: 1. Distance (Scale), 2. Direction (Cardinal orientation / Compass rose), and 3. Symbols (Conventional signs).

نقشے کے تین بنیادی اجزاء فاصلہ، سمت اور علامات (i, ii, iii) سبھی شامل ہیں۔

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267📚🗺️ Map Scales & CalculationsMap Scale Conversions

On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale

1\text{ cm} = 100\text{ meter}

". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then the actual distance between the two locations is

Explanation

Actual distance

= 15\text{ cm} \times 100\text{ meters/cm} = 1500\text{ meters} = 1.5\text{ km}

.

حقیقی فاصلہ = 15 \times 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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268📚🧩 Logical Reasoning & Spatial DirectionDirection Sense and Displacement

Your residence is at (R) and office is at (O). You drive 10 km North, 7 km West across a bridge, and 10 km South to reach office (O). With respect to office (O), your residence (R) is located:

Explanation

Coordinates from R(0,0): North 10 km to (0, 10) → West 7 km to (-7, 10) → South 10 km to Office O(-7, 0). Since Office O is 7 km West of Residence R, Residence R is located 7 km due East of Office O.

دفتر (O) سے رہائش گاہ (R) کی پوزیشن 7 کلومیٹر مشرق (7 km due east) کی طرف ہے۔

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269📚🛑 Mandatory Road SignsMandatory Direction Signs

A blue circular mandatory sign with white arrows pointing straight and left represents:

Explanation

A circular blue sign with white directional arrows indicates a mandatory positive instruction: Compulsory Ahead or Turn Left.

نیلے دائرے میں سیدھا اور بائیں تیر کا نشان لازمی آگے چلنے یا بائیں مڑنے کا حکم دیتا ہے۔

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270📚🚗 Road Safety & Emergency BreakdownHigh-Visibility Safety Garments

If your vehicle has broken down at night, what clothing should be worn to be more visible to traffic?

Explanation

Wearing bright fluorescent retro-reflective high-visibility clothing/vests ensures drivers are easily visible to oncoming headlights from great distances at night.

رات کو گاڑی خراب ہونے پر چمکدار فلورسنٹ یا ریفلیکٹو کپڑے پہننے چاہییں تاکہ دور سے نظر آ سکیں۔

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271📚🚗 Vehicle Dynamics & WeatherTyre-Pavement Friction & Hydroplaning

Driving a four wheeler on a wet road is difficult due to

Explanation

Water on road surfaces forms a thin lubricating liquid film that substantially decreases the coefficient of friction and grip between tyre rubber and pavement, increasing stopping distance and risk of hydroplaning.

گیلی سڑک پر ٹائر اور سڑک کے درمیان رگڑ (Friction) کم ہو جاتی ہے جس سے گاڑی پھسلنے کا خطرہ بڑھ جاتا ہے۔

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272📚🚗 Vehicle Dynamics & Highway EngineeringSkidding vs Slipping

Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance traveled along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance traveled along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Choose the correct combination:

Explanation

In highway engineering: Skidding occurs when wheels slide without full rotation (path length

>

circumferential rotation); Slipping/Spinning occurs when wheels spin in place on low traction surfaces (path length

<

circumferential rotation). Both statements are true.

اسکیڈنگ اور سلپنگ کے دونوں تکنیکی بیانات 1 اور 2 بالکل درست ہیں۔

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273📚🚗 Vehicle DynamicsVehicle Skidding Causes

Sudden application of brakes on a wet road and improper super elevation may cause

Explanation

Sudden heavy braking on low-friction wet surfaces when lateral forces exceed tyre traction creates severe directional loss of control known as Skidding.

گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے سے گاڑی اسکیڈ (Skidding) کر جاتی ہے۔

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274📚🧮 Physics & Braking KinematicsBraking Distance Calculations

On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other traveling at

20\text{ m/sec}

and

10\text{ m/sec}

towards each other. Both apply brakes decelerating at

5\text{ m/s}^2

. What is the total combined distance covered by both buses before coming to a stop?

Explanation

Stopping distance formula

s = \frac{v^2}{2a}

:
- For Bus 1:

s_1 = \frac{20^2}{2(5)} = \frac{400}{10} = 40\text{ m}

- For Bus 2:

s_2 = \frac{10^2}{2(5)} = \frac{100}{10} = 10\text{ m}

Total combined stopping distance required

= 40 + 10 = 50\text{ meters}

.

دونوں بسوں کا رکنے کے لیے درکار مجموعی فاصلہ = \frac{20^2}{10} + \frac{10^2}{10} = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔

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275📚🚗 Night Driving SafetyLow-Light Driving Precautions

Which of the following is recommended while driving at night on a low-lit street?

Explanation

On poorly illuminated streets at night, drivers should reduce vehicle speed to match stopping sight distance and use properly aligned headlights.

کم روشنی والی سڑک پر آہستہ رفتار میں گاڑی چلانا اور ہیڈ لائٹ کا استعمال کرنا چاہیے۔

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276📚🚗 Motor Vehicle RulesTowing Regulations & Distance Limits

Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is

Explanation

Under Rule 126 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, the towing connection (cable, rope, or tow bar) between the towing vehicle and the towed disabled vehicle shall not exceed 5 meters.

گاڑی کھینچنے والی رسی یا بار کا فاصلہ 5 میٹر (5 meters) سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

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277📚🔧 Mechanical Power TransmissionBelt Drives: V-Belts vs Flat Belts

V-belts are most suitable when the center distance between the driving and driven pulleys is

Explanation

V-belts provide high friction wedging action and are optimally engineered for compact drives with Short center distances between pulleys.

وی بیلٹ (V-belts) کم فاصلے والے پلّیوں کے درمیان پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے بہترین ہوتی ہیں۔

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278📚🚗 Vehicle Dimensions & GeometryVehicle Specifications: Wheelbase vs Track Width

The "Wheelbase" of a motor vehicle is defined as the distance between the

Explanation

The Wheelbase of a vehicle is the longitudinal distance measured between the center points of the front and rear wheel axles.

وہیل بیس (Wheelbase) سامنے والے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے ایکسل کے درمیانی فاصلے کو کہتے ہیں۔

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279📚🚗 Dashboard InstrumentationOdometers vs Speedometers

Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the total distance traveled by a motor vehicle?

Explanation

An Odometer (mileometer) is an onboard instrument that measures and records the total cumulative distance traveled by a motor vehicle. (A Speedometer indicates instantaneous velocity).

گاڑی کے طے کردہ کل فاصلے کو اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔

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280📚⚡ Automotive Electrical SystemsStarting System & Battery

Which component supplies electrical power to the starter motor to crank a diesel engine?

Explanation

The rechargeable lead-acid 12V/24V Automotive Battery provides the high surge cranking current required by the electrical starter motor to crank the engine.

ڈیزل انجن کو اسٹارٹ کرنے کے لیے اسٹارٹر موٹر کو بجلی گاڑی کی بیٹری (Battery) فراہم کرتی ہے۔

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281📚🗺️ Physical Geography of HimalayasHimalayan Ranges North to South Ordering

Arrange the following mountain ranges from north to south order:
1. Pir Panjal
2. Zanskar
3. Dhauladhar
4. Ladakh

Explanation

Trans-Himalayan and Himalayan ranges in North-to-South latitudinal order: Ladakh Range (4) → Zanskar Range (2) → Pir Panjal Range (1) → Dhauladhar Range (3)

\implies 4, 2, 1, 3

.

شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: لداخ رینج (4) → زنسکار رینج (2) → پیر پنجال (1) → دھولا دھر (3) یعنی 4, 2, 1, 3۔

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282📚🏛️ Monuments & Forts of KashmirHari Parbat Fort (Koh-e-Maran)

________ is also known as Koh-e-Maran lies on the west of Dal Lake in Srinagar.

Explanation

Hari Parbat Fort (the historic citadel hill fortified by Mughal Emperor Akbar and Afghan Governor Atta Mohammad Khan) is also known as Koh-e-Maran.

ہری پربت قلعہ سری نگر میں واقع ہے جسے کوہ ماران (Koh-e-Maran) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔

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283📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryProminent Leaders and Organizations

Consider the following pairs and identify how many pairs are correct:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose — All India Forward Bloc
2. Chittaranjan Das — First President of Swaraj Party
3. MG Ranade — Father of renaissance of western India
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale — Servants of India Society

Explanation

All four historical pairs are correct: Netaji founded Forward Bloc (1939); C.R. Das was first President of Swaraj Party (1923); Justice M.G. Ranade spearheaded the western Indian social renaissance; Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society (1905).

چاروں تاریخی شخصیات اور ان کے کارنامے بالکل درست میچ ہیں (All four)۔

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284📚📜 Ancient Indian HistoryJainism under Chandragupta Maurya

Which ancient Indian ruler is credited with the historical spread of Jainism to Karnataka (South India)?

Explanation

Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya abdicated his throne, embraced Jainism under Acharya Bhadrabahu, migrated south to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, and performed sallekhana.

موریا شہنشاہ چندر گپت موریا نے کرناٹک (شراون بیلگولہ) میں جین مت کے پھیلاؤ میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔

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285📚🔬 Classical Mechanics & PhysicsNewton's Laws & Conservation of Momentum

Which of these fundamental physical properties is conserved as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?

Explanation

Because action and reaction forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (

F_{12} = -F_{21}

), the net internal impulse is zero, establishing the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.

نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون حرکت کا براہ راست نتیجہ لکیری مومینٹم کا بقا (Conservation of Momentum) ہے۔

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286📚🔬 Wave Optics & PhysicsPolarization of Light

Which one of the following optical phenomena conclusively proves that light travels as a transverse wave?

Explanation

Polarization (the restriction of electric field vector vibrations to a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is unique to Transverse Waves and cannot occur in longitudinal waves.

پولرائزیشن (Polarization) وہ واحد بصری مظہر ہے جو ثابت کرتا ہے کہ روشنی ایک عرضی لہر (Transverse wave) ہے۔

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287📚🧮 Physics: KinematicsLinear Acceleration Formula ($a = \Delta v / \Delta t$)

A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a constant initial velocity of

+10\text{ m/s}

. When a constant force acts for 4 seconds on it, the body moves with a velocity of

2\text{ m/s}

in the opposite direction (

-2\text{ m/s}

). The acceleration produced is:

Explanation

Using kinematics:

u = +10\text{ m/s}

,

v = -2\text{ m/s}

,

t = 4\text{ s}

. Acceleration

a = \frac{v - u}{t} = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = \frac{-12}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2

.

اسراع (Acceleration) کا حساب:

a = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2

۔

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288📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Shortest Distance

Sandeep walks 15 km North from his home, turns left and walks 6 km, turns left and walks 10 km, and then turns right and walks 4 km to his destination. Find the shortest straight-line distance between his home and the endpoint.

Explanation

Coordinates from origin (0,0):
1. North 15 km to (0, 15)
2. Left (West) 6 km to (-6, 15)
3. Left (South) 10 km to (-6, 5)
4. Right (West) 4 km to (-10, 5)
Shortest distance

= \sqrt{(-10)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{100 + 25} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5}\text{ km}

.

فیثاغورث فارمولے سے فاصلہ = \sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5} کلومیٹر ہے۔

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289📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Opposite Letter Pairs

In a certain code DISTANCE is written as WRHGZMXV. How is HUMANITY written in that code?

Explanation

Opposite letter pair coding (sum of positions

= 27

):
D-W, I-R, S-H, T-G, A-Z, N-M, C-X, E-V.
For HUMANITY: H → S, U → F, M → N, A → Z, N → M, I → R, T → G, Y → B

\implies

SFNZMRGB.

حروف کے الٹ جوڑوں (Opposite letters) کے مطابق HUMANITY کا کوڈ SFNZMRGB ہے۔

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290📚🧩 Logical ReasoningRanking and Order Test

Sidharth ranks twenty-fifth (25th) from the bottom and ninth (9th) from the top in a class. How many students are there in the class?

Explanation

Total students formula

N = \text{Rank from Top} + \text{Rank from Bottom} - 1 = 9 + 25 - 1 = 33

.

طلباء کی کل تعداد =

9 + 25 - 1 = 33

ہے۔

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291📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense: Angular Turns

A girl is facing South (

180^\circ

). She turns

90^\circ

clockwise, then another

45^\circ

clockwise, and then

270^\circ

anti-clockwise. Which direction is she facing now?

Explanation

Initial angle: South

= 180^\circ

. Clockwise rotation

= +90^\circ + 45^\circ = +135^\circ

. Total clockwise angle

= 180^\circ + 135^\circ = 315^\circ

(North-West). Anti-clockwise turn

= 315^\circ - 270^\circ = 45^\circ

, which corresponds to North-East.

حتمی زاویہ

45^\circ

یعنی شمال مشرق (North East) حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

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292📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time & Distance: Early-Late Problems

A man rides on a motorbike at

18\text{ km/h}

and reaches his office 6 minutes late. The next day he increases his speed to

27\text{ km/h}

and reaches the office 10 minutes early. How far is the office from his house in km?

Explanation

Total time difference

= 6\text{ min late} - (-10\text{ min early}) = 16\text{ minutes} = \frac{16}{60}\text{ hours}

. Distance

D = \frac{S_1 \times S_2}{|S_1 - S_2|} \times \Delta t = \frac{18 \times 27}{27 - 18} \times \frac{16}{60} = \frac{486}{9} \times \frac{4}{15} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = \frac{216}{15} = 14.4\text{ km}

.

فاصلہ = \frac{18 \times 27}{9} \times \frac{16}{60} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = 14.4 کلومیٹر۔

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293📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Uniform Alphabet Shift

In a certain code language 'TEMPRATURE' is written as 'VGORTCVWTG'. How would 'DIRECTION' be written in the same code language?

Explanation

Each letter is shifted by

+2

positions:
D(+2)=F, I(+2)=K, R(+2)=T, E(+2)=G, C(+2)=E, T(+2)=V, I(+2)=K, O(+2)=Q, N(+2)=P

\implies

FKTGEVKQP.

ہر حرف میں 2 کا اضافہ (+2): DIRECTION کا کوڈ FKTGEVKQP بنتا ہے۔

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294📚📜 History of Jammu and KashmirTreaty of Amritsar (1846)

Which treaty was signed between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the East India Company, leading to the acquisition of Jammu & Kashmir?

Explanation

The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16 March 1846 between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company, transferring the Kashmir Valley for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and establishing the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir.

16 مارچ 1846 کو معاہدہ امرتسر (Treaty of Amritsar) کے تحت مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے جموں و کشمیر کی باگ ڈور سنبھالی۔

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295📚🗺️ Climate & Weather of IndiaPre-Monsoon Local Storms in India

Consider the following pairs of pre-monsoon storm phenomena:
i. Mango Shower — b. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in the ripening of mangoes
ii. Blossom Shower — a. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in blossoming of coffee flowers
iii. Nor Westers — d. Evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam
iv. Loo — c. Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in Northern plains
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?

Explanation

Pre-monsoon rainfall classifications: Mango Showers ripen mangoes in Kerala/Karnataka (i-b); Blossom Showers blossom coffee flowers (ii-a); Nor'westers/Kalbaisakhi are spring thunderstorms in Bengal/Assam (iii-d); Loo are hot dry summer winds in the Northern Plains (iv-c)

\implies

i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.

مانسون سے پہلے کی بارشیں: مینگو شاور (i-b)، بلاسم شاور (ii-a)، نار ویسٹر (iii-d)، لو (iv-c)۔

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296📚🗺️ Soils of IndiaLaterite Soils Characteristics

Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils of India:
a. Laterite soils of India are generally red in colour.
b. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
c. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
d. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Laterite soils are brick-red due to iron oxides and support plantation crops like Cashew, Tapioca, Tea, and Coffee. Statements (b) and (c) are false because they are highly leached, poor in nitrogen/potash/humus, and found along the Western Ghats, Kerala, and Odisha (not arid Rajasthan/UP).

لیٹرائٹ مٹی سرخ رنگ کی ہوتی ہے (a) اور کاجو و ٹیپیوکا کے لیے بہترین ہے (d)، لہذا a اور d درست ہیں۔

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297📚⚖️ Indian PolityLok Sabha Seat Distribution across States

Arrange the following states according to their Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency seats in descending order:
a) West Bengal (42)
b) Maharashtra (48)
c) Bihar (40)
d) Tamil Nadu (39)

Explanation

Lok Sabha seat counts: Maharashtra (48, b) > West Bengal (42, a) > Bihar (40, c) > Tamil Nadu (39, d)

\implies

b, a, c, d.

لوک سبھا کی نشستیں: مہاراشٹر (48), مغربی بنگال (42), بہار (40), تمل ناڈو (39) یعنی b, a, c, d۔

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298📚🦁 Tourism & Wildlife of J&KJamboo Zoo at Nagrota

North India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in

Explanation

Jamboo Zoo (spread over 3,200 kanals / 160 hectares along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway) is located at Nagrota in the Jammu district.

شمالی ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا چڑیا گھر 'جمبو زو' نگروٹہ (جموں) میں واقع ہے۔

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299📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaExtreme Weather: Mawsynram Rainfall

The wettest place on Earth is

Explanation

Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India, receives an extraordinary average annual rainfall of nearly

11,872\text{ mm}

, making it the wettest place on Earth.

زمین پر سب سے زیادہ بارش والا مقام ماسنرام (Mawsynram, میگھالیہ) ہے۔

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300📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

Purusottam walks 5 km towards East to reach Mamata's house. From there he walks 10 km towards North to reach his gym. In which direction is his gym located relative to his home?

Explanation

Coordinates from Home (0,0): East 5 km to (5, 0) → North 10 km to Gym (5, 10). Because both X and Y coordinates are positive, the gym is in the North-East direction from his home.

گھر سے جم کی سمت شمال مشرق (North-East) ہے۔

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301📚🧠 Abnormal Psychology & PsychiatryAnxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Which of the following is the hallmark defining characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Explanation

Under DSM-5, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by chronic, excessive, and pervasive anxiety and worry about multiple everyday life domains for at least 6 months.

جنرلائزڈ اینگزائٹی ڈس آرڈر (GAD) کی بنیادی علامت زندگی کے مختلف امور کے بارے میں مسلسل اور شدید بے چینی و پریشانی ہے۔

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302📚⚖️ Social Justice & Political TheoryJohn Rawls' Difference Principle

Which ethical and political theory provides the foundational justification for affirmative action and special welfare provisions for deprived and disadvantaged sections of society?

Explanation

John Rawls' 'Difference Principle' (in A Theory of Justice) asserts that social and economic inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for the least-advantaged members of society, providing the philosophical basis for affirmative action.

جان رولز کا 'ڈفرنس پرنسپل' (Difference Theory) پسماندہ طبقات کو خصوصی مراعات دینے کی بنیاد فراہم کرتا ہے۔

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303📚⚖️ Indian Constitution & Criminal JusticeLandmark Judgments: D.K. Basu Guidelines

Mandatory guidelines and procedural safeguards governing the arrest and detention of individuals by police were laid down by the Supreme Court of India in which landmark case?

Explanation

In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997), the Supreme Court formulated 11 mandatory guidelines (including arrest memos, medical examinations, and informing relatives) to prevent custodial torture and unlawful detention.

گرفتاری اور حراست سے متعلق تاریخی رہنما اصول سپریم کورٹ نے ڈی کے باسو بنام مغربی بنگال کیس (1997) میں دیے۔

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304📚📚 Education & National PoliciesNEP 2020: Medium of Instruction

According to NEP 2020, up to what grade is it preferred to use the mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction?

Explanation

NEP 2020 emphasizes that the medium of instruction should be the mother tongue/local language at least up to Grade 5, but preferably up to Grade 8 and beyond.

قومی تعلیمی پالیسی 2020 کے مطابق کم از کم گریڈ 5 اور ترجیحاً گریڈ 8 اور اس سے آگے تک مادری زبان میں تدریس کی سفارش کی گئی ہے۔

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305📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaExtreme Geographic Points of India

Consider the following statements about 'Indira Point':
1. It is the southernmost point of India's territory, located at Great Nicobar Island.
2. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
3. It was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1985.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Explanation

All three statements are factually correct: Indira Point (

6^\circ 45'\text{ N}

) on Great Nicobar Island was historically known as Pygmalion Point and officially renamed Indira Point in October 1985.

اندرا پوائنٹ کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔

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306📚🎭 Art, Culture & Festivals of IndiaFestivals of North-East India

Which of the following statements about Arunachal Pradesh's Gorsam Kora Festival (celebrated in March 2024) is NOT correct?

Explanation

Statement D is NOT correct: Gorsam Kora is a historic Monpa Mahayana Buddhist festival centered around the 12th-century Gorsam Chorten stupa (modeled after Boudhanath in Nepal) celebrating Buddhist heritage.

بیان D غلط ہے کیونکہ گورسوم کورا فیسٹیول بدھ مت کی ثقافت کا روایتی تہوار ہے۔

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307📚📊 Census of India 2011Literacy Statistics across States

Which state in India recorded the lowest literacy rate (

61.80\%

) as per the 2011 Census?

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bihar recorded the lowest overall literacy rate at

61.80\%

(Male:

71.20\%

, Female:

51.50\%

). Kerala recorded the highest at

94.00\%

.

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق بہار کی شرح خواندگی سب سے کم (61.8%) تھی۔

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308📚🗺️ Drainage System of IndiaBrahmaputra River Basin & Origin

The mighty Brahmaputra river originates from which geographical source?

Explanation

The Brahmaputra (known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet) originates from the Chemayungdung / Angsi glacier in the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in southwestern Tibet.

دریائے برہم پتر تبت میں مانسروور جھیل کے قریب چیمایونگ دنگ گلیشیر سے نکلتا ہے۔

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309📚🗺️ Climatology & Atmospheric CirculationPlanetary Winds: ITCZ

The low-pressure equatorial belt where the Northeast and Southeast trade winds converge is known as the

Explanation

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the broad equatorial trough of low pressure where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, associated with convective thunderstorms.

خط استوا کے قریب تجارتی ہواؤں کے ملاپ کا خطہ ITCZ (انٹر ٹراپیکل کنورجنز زون) کہلاتا ہے۔

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310📚🚢 Inland Waterways Transport in IndiaNational Waterway 1 (NW-1)

National Waterway 1 (NW-1) in India connects which two terminals?

Explanation

National Waterway 1 (NW-1) extends 1,620 km along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system connecting Prayagraj (Allahabad, UP) to Haldia (West Bengal).

نیشنل واٹر وے 1 (NW-1) الہ آباد (پریاگ راج) کو ہلدیا (مغربی بنگال) سے جوڑتا ہے۔

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311📚🌊 Irrigation Infrastructure of IndiaIndira Gandhi Canal Project

The longest irrigation canal in India that originates from Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab and terminates in Rajasthan is the

Explanation

The Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km long) draws water from the Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab to irrigate the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan.

ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی نہر اندرا گاندھی کینال (Indira Gandhi Canal) ہے۔

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312📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory & Percentages

In an examination, 77% of students passed in Mathematics and 82% passed in Computer Science. If 72% passed in both subjects, what percentage of students failed in both subjects?

Explanation

Percentage passing at least one subject:

P(M \cup C) = P(M) + P(C) - P(M \cap C) = 77\% + 82\% - 72\% = 87\%

. Percentage failing both subjects

= 100\% - 87\% = 13\%

.

دونوں مضامین میں فیل ہونے والے طلباء کا تناسب

= 100 - (77 + 82 - 72) = 100 - 87 = 13\%

ہے۔

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313📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection & Displacement

Ravi walks 10 km East, turns right and walks 5 km South, turns right and walks 10 km West, and finally turns left and walks 10 km South. What is the shortest distance from his current position to his home?

Explanation

Coordinates: From (0,0) → East 10 km (10, 0) → South 5 km (10, -5) → West 10 km (0, -5) → South 10 km (0, -15). Shortest distance from home (0,0) to final point (0, -15) is exactly 15 km.

گھر سے آخری مقام کا سیدھا فاصلہ 5 + 10 = 15 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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314📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A cyclist travels from A to B at 30 km/h for the first 1/3rd of the distance. Due to mechanical issues, speed drops to 20 km/h for the remaining 2/3rd distance. If total trip takes 8 hours, what is total distance between A and B?

Explanation

Let total distance be

D

. Time taken:

T = \frac{D/3}{30} + \frac{2D/3}{20} = \frac{D}{90} + \frac{D}{30} = \frac{4D}{90} = 8\text{ hours} \implies D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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315📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

Describe the meaning of the idiom: Scrape the barrel

Explanation

'Scrape the barrel' (or scrape the bottom of the barrel) means being reduced to using the worst, least desirable, or last remaining alternatives available.

'Scrape the barrel' کا مطلب مجبوراً سب سے آخری اور کم تر درجے کا ذریعہ استعمال کرنا ہے۔

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316📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryMahatma Gandhi's Early Satyagrahas: Champaran

After returning from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha in India at which place in 1917?

Explanation

Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, organized to support oppressed indigo farmers against the tinkathia system.

ہندوستان واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی کا پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ چمپارن (1917, بہار) میں تھا۔

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317📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaCoastal Plains of India

The eastern coastal plain stretching along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh is known as the

Explanation

The Coromandel Coast is the coastal region of the southeastern Indian peninsula between Kanyakumari and the Krishna River delta in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

تمل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈل ساحل (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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318📚🗺️ Political Geography of IndiaInternational Borders of Indian States

Which Indian state shares international land borders with three separate countries: Nepal, Bhutan, and China?

Explanation

The Himalayan state of Sikkim is nestled between Nepal to its west, Bhutan to its east, and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to its north.

سکم (Sikkim) کی سرحدیں نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین تینوں ممالک سے ملتی ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

319📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Mohan has to reach Bangalore (500 km away) at 5:30 pm, starting at 7:30 am. He travels the first 200 km at

50\text{ km/hr}

and the next 3 hours at

60\text{ km/hr}

. At what speed must he travel the remaining distance to arrive on time?

Explanation

Total time

= 10\text{ hours}

. Time for first 200 km

= 200 / 50 = 4\text{ hours}

. Next 3 hours at 60 km/hr covers

3 \times 60 = 180\text{ km}

. Distance covered

= 380\text{ km}

in 7 hours. Remaining distance

= 120\text{ km}

in 3 hours. Required speed

= 120 / 3 = 40\text{ km/hr}

.

باقی 120 کلومیٹر 3 گھنٹوں میں طے کرنے کے لیے مطلوبہ رفتار

= \frac{120}{3} = 40\text{ km/hr}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

320📚🧩 Non-Verbal ReasoningFigure Analogy

Select the related shape pattern that completes the analogy.

Explanation

The horizontal mirror inversion preserves alignment with directional pointer `>`.

علامتی الٹاؤ کے اصول کے مطابق `>` درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

321📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense

Prabudh walks 8 km East, turns right and walks 4 km South, then turns left and walks 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?

Explanation

Facing South, turning left makes him face East again. Walking 5 km means he is currently facing East.

جنوب سے بائیں مڑنے کے بعد وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

322📚🧮 Quantitative Aptitude & SetsVenn Diagrams & Set Cardinality

In a class of 50 students, 10 play Badminton, 20 play Volleyball, and 4 play both. How many students play neither game?

Explanation

Students playing at least one game:

n(B \cup V) = 10 + 20 - 4 = 26

. Students playing neither

= 50 - 26 = 24

.

کوئی بھی کھیل نہ کھیلنے والے طلباء کی تعداد

= 50 - (10 + 20 - 4) = 24

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

323📚🛣️ Infrastructure of J&KDr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel

The 9.28 km Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44 in Jammu & Kashmir was renamed in honor of:

Explanation

In October 2019, India's longest bidirectional road tunnel, the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel in Udhampur/Ramban, was officially renamed the Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel.

چنانی ناشری سرنگ کا نیا نام ڈاکٹر شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل رکھا گیا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

324📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaOceanic Channels: 10 Degree Channel

The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated from each other by the

Explanation

The Ten Degree Channel (

10^\circ\text{ N}

latitude) is a 150 km wide oceanic channel that separates the Andaman Islands to the north from the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.

انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کو 10 ڈگری چینل (Ten Degree Channel) الگ کرتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

325📚🗺️ Mountain Peaks of IndiaKangchenjunga Peak

Kangchenjunga (

8,586\text{ m}

, the 3rd highest mountain peak in the world) is situated in which Indian state?

Explanation

Mount Kangchenjunga lies directly on the international border between the Indian state of Sikkim and eastern Nepal.

کنچن جنگا چوٹی ہندوستان کی ریاست سکم (Sikkim) میں واقع ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

326📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaWestern Ghats / Sahyadri Range

What is the traditional indigenous name of the Western Ghats mountain range running parallel to India's west coast?

Explanation

The Western Ghats (a UNESCO World Heritage biodiversity hotspot) are traditionally and geographically known as the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.

مغربی گھاٹ کو سہیادری (Sahyadri Range) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

327📚🗺️ Tourism & States of IndiaState Nicknames: Kerala

Which south Indian state's official tourism slogan and moniker is 'God's Own Country'?

Explanation

Kerala is globally marketed and celebrated as 'God's Own Country' due to its lush tropical greenery, serene backwaters, and biodiversity.

'God's Own Country' ریاست کیرالہ (Kerala) کو کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

328📚📜 Medieval Indian HistorySecond Battle of Panipat (1556)

The Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556) was fought between Hemu and the Mughal army during the reign of which Emperor?

Explanation

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the young Mughal Emperor Akbar (led by Bairam Khan) and King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (Hemu), establishing Mughal supremacy in northern India.

پانی پت کی دوسری لڑائی (1556) مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے دور میں ہیمو کے خلاف لڑی گئی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

329📚🌍 International OrganizationsBRICS Member States

Who among the following nations is NOT one of the founding members of the BRICS grouping?

Explanation

BRICS was founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Indonesia is not a founding member of BRICS.

انڈونیشیا برکس (BRICS) کا بانی رکن ملک نہیں ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

330📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeBasic Arithmetic & Word Problems

There are 3 departments in a college: Physical Sciences, Humanities, and Commerce. There are 125 students in Physical Sciences. The number of students in Humanities is

1/5th

of Physical Sciences. Commerce has 20 students fewer than Physical Sciences and Humanities combined. What is the total number of students studying in the three departments?

Explanation

Physical Sciences

= 125

.
Humanities

= \frac{125}{5} = 25

.
Combined PS + Humanities

= 125 + 25 = 150

.
Commerce

= 150 - 20 = 130

.
Total students

= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280

.

کل طلباء کی تعداد

= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

331📚🧮 GeometryProperties of Equilateral Triangles & Centroid

In an equilateral triangle ABC with side

16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}

, P is the centroid. What is the perpendicular distance of centroid P from side BC?

Explanation

Altitude of equilateral triangle:

h = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ cm}

.
The distance from centroid P to any base side is the inradius:

r = \frac{h}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8\text{ cm}

.

سینٹرائیڈ کا فاصلہ = \frac{ارتفاع}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔

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332📚📊 Census of India 2011Literacy Statistics across Indian States

According to the Census of India 2011, which states recorded the maximum and minimum literacy rates respectively?

Explanation

In the 2011 Census, Kerala recorded the highest literacy rate at 94.00%, while Bihar recorded the lowest literacy rate at 61.80%.

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سب سے زیادہ شرح خواندگی کیرالہ میں اور سب سے کم بہار میں تھی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

333📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A and B travel the same distance at speeds of 9 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. If A takes 11 minutes longer than B, what is the distance travelled by each?

Explanation

Let distance be

D

. Difference in time

= 11\text{ minutes} = \frac{11}{60}\text{ hours}

.

\frac{D}{9} - \frac{D}{12} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{4D - 3D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = \frac{396}{60} = 6.6\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = 6.6 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

334📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeFractional Distance Breakdown

Aamir travelled 1800 km by air, which constituted

3/5th

of his total journey. He travelled

1/3rd

of the whole trip by car, and the remaining distance by train. How many kilometers did he travel by train?

Explanation

Total trip distance

= \frac{1800}{3/5} = 1800 \times \frac{5}{3} = 3000\text{ km}

.
Distance by Car

= \frac{1}{3} \times 3000 = 1000\text{ km}

.
Distance by Train

= 3000 - (1800 + 1000) = 3000 - 2800 = 200\text{ km}

.

ٹرین کے ذریعے طے شدہ فاصلہ = 3000 - 2800 = 200 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

335📚🛣️ Transport & Highways of IndiaLongest National Highway: NH44 / NH7

Which is the longest National Highway in India, running

3,745\text{ km}

from Srinagar to Kanyakumari (formerly designated as NH-7 in the south)?

Explanation

National Highway 44 (formerly designated as NH-7 for its major central/southern segment) is India's longest highway spanning from Srinagar in J&K to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.

ہندوستان کا طویل ترین قومی شاہراہ NH44 (سابقہ NH7) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

336📚🏛️ Monuments & Heritage of J&KMartand Sun Temple, Anantnag

The grand 8th-century ruins of the Martand Sun Temple are situated in which district of Jammu & Kashmir?

Explanation

The Martand Sun Temple is situated atop the Mattan plateau in the Anantnag district of South Kashmir.

مارتنڈ سوریا مندر کے تاریخی کھنڈرات ضلع اننت ناگ (Anantnag) میں واقع ہیں۔

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337📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyWorld Geography & Physical Landforms

Explanation

1. Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States (III)
2. Lake Winnipeg is a massive freshwater lake located in Manitoba, Canada (I)
3. Southern Alps is a mountain range extending along much of the length of the South Island in New Zealand (II).
Correct code: 1-III, 2-I, 3-II.

1. ग्रैंड कैन्यन: संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (USA - III)
2. विन्निपेग झील: कनाडा (Canada - I)
3. दक्षिणी आल्प्स पर्वतमाला: न्यूजीलैंड (New Zealand - II)।
सही विकल्प 1-III, 2-I, 3-II है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

338📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTPhysical Geography & Mountain Ranges of Ladakh & J&K

Which major mountain range forms the northern boundary of Ladakh, contributing to its isolation and strategic significance?

Explanation

The Karakoram Range (home to K2 and the Siachen Glacier) forms the northern boundary of the Ladakh region, separating it from Central Asia and the Tarim Basin.

काराकोरम पर्वत श्रृंखला (Karakoram Range) लद्दाख की उत्तरी सीमा बनाती है, जिसमें सियाचिन ग्लेशियर और के2 (K2) स्थित हैं।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

339📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyCoastal Geography & Famous Beaches of India

Explanation

1. Marina Beach is in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (II)
2. Kovalam Beach is in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (I)
3. Anjuna Beach is in North Goa (III).
Correct matching code: 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.

1. मरीना बीच: तमिलनाडु (II)
2. कोवलम बीच: केरल (I)
3. अंजुना बीच: गोवा (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

340📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance

A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 300 m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. The thief and the policeman run at the rate of

10\text{ km/h}

and

11\text{ km/h}

, respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 mins?

Explanation

Relative speed of the policeman with respect to the thief:

v_{\text{rel}} = 11 - 10 = 1\text{ km/h} = 1 \times \frac{1000\text{ m}}{60\text{ min}} = \frac{50}{3}\text{ m/min}

Distance gained by policeman in 6 minutes:

d_{\text{gained}} = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100\text{ metres}

Distance remaining between them after 6 minutes:

d_{\text{remaining}} = 300 - 100 = 200\text{ metres}.

सापेक्ष गति = 11 - 10 = 1 किमी/घंटा = \frac{50}{3} मीटर/मिनट।
6 मिनट में तय की गई अतिरिक्त दूरी = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100 मीटर।
6 मिनट बाद दोनों के बीच शेष दूरी = 300 - 100 = 200 मीटर।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

341📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningLogical Deduction & Facts

The logic problem presents three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, three more statements (labelled I, II, and III) are given. Determine which of these, if any, is also a fact based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Fact 1: Jasmeen has four children. Fact 2: Two of the children have blue eyes, and two have brown eyes.
Fact 3: Half of the children are girls. Given that the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be true? I: At least one girl has blue eyes.
II: Two of the children are boys. III: The boys have brown eyes.

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

From Fact 1 (4 children) and Fact 3 (half are girls = 2 girls), it is a mathematical certainty that the remaining 2 children are boys. Therefore, Statement II must be true. Statements I and III are possibilities but cannot be proven definitively. Hence, II only is a known fact.

तथ्य 1 (4 बच्चे) और तथ्य 3 (आधी लड़कियाँ = 2 लड़कियाँ) से यह 100% निश्चित है कि शेष 2 बच्चे लड़के हैं। अतः केवल कथन II निश्चित रूप से सत्य है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

342📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Linear Arrangements

There are five buildings called D, E, F, G and H in a row (not necessarily in that order). D is to the West of E. H is to the East of F and the West of D, E is to the West of G. Which is the building in the middle?

Explanation

Ordering from West to East based on the given directional clues:
- 'D is West of E' → D < E
- 'H is East of F and West of D' → F < H < D
- 'E is West of G' → E < G
Combining the full sequence from West to East:

F - H - D - E - G

The building positioned exactly in the middle is D.

पश्चिम से पूर्व दिशा में क्रम जमाने पर:

F - H - D - E - G

ठीक मध्य में स्थित भवन 'D' है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

343📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsNumber Systems & Divisibility

The least five-digit number exactly divisible by 88 is:

Explanation

The smallest 5-digit number is 10,000.
Dividing 10,000 by 88:

10000 = 88 \times 113 + 56

Remainder

= 56

.
To make it divisible by 88, we add

(88 - 56) = 32

:

10000 + 32 = 10032.

पाँच अंकों की सबसे छोटी संख्या 10000 है।

10000 \div 88 = 113

(शेषफल = 56)
विभाज्य संख्या

= 10000 + (88 - 56) = 10032

।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

344📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance

A train increases its normal speed by 12.5% and reaches its destination 20 minutes earlier. What is the actual (normal) time taken by the train on the journey?

Explanation

Increase in speed

= 12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}

.
New speed

= S \left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right) = \frac{9}{8}S

.
Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed:

\text{New time } T' = \frac{8}{9}T

Time saved

= T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20\text{ minutes}

T = 9 \times 20 = 180\text{ minutes} = 3\text{ hours}.

गति में

12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}

की वृद्धि

\implies

नई गति

= \frac{9}{8}

मूल गति।
नया समय

= \frac{8}{9}

मूल समय।
बचाया गया समय = T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20 मिनट \implies T = 180 मिनट = 3 घंटे।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

345📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsPercentages & Set Theory

In an examination, 30% and 35% of students, respectively, failed in History and Geography while 27% of students failed in both subjects. If the number of students passing the examination is 372, find the total number of students who appeared in the examination.

Explanation

Percentage of students failing in at least one subject:

\%\text{Failed} = n(H) + n(G) - n(H \cap G) = 30\% + 35\% - 27\% = 38\%

Percentage of students passing both subjects:

\%\text{Passed} = 100\% - 38\% = 62\%

Given

62\% = 372

:

\text{Total Students} = \frac{372}{0.62} = 600.

कुल अनुत्तीर्ण छात्र

\% = 30 + 35 - 27 = 38\%

।
उत्तीर्ण छात्र

\% = 100 - 38 = 62\%

।
कुल छात्र

= \frac{372}{62} \times 100 = 600

।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

346📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsNumber Systems & Squares

The least number by which 1470 must be divided to get a number which is a perfect square, is:

Explanation

Prime factorization of 1470:

1470 = 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = (2 \times 3 \times 5) \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2

To make the quotient a perfect square (

7^2 = 49

), the unpaired factors

2 \times 3 \times 5 = 30

must be divided out.
Hence, the required least number is 30.

1470 का अभाज्य गुणनखंड

= 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2

।
पूर्ण वर्ग बनाने के लिए इसे

2 \times 3 \times 5 = 30

से विभाजित करना होगा।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

347📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsHeights and Distances & Trigonometry

The top of a 15-metre high tower makes an angle of depression of

60^\circ

with the bottom of an electric pole and an angle of depression of

30^\circ

with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?

Explanation

Let the height of the tower be

H = 15\text{ m}

, height of the pole be

h

, and horizontal distance between them be

d

.
From the bottom of the pole:

\tan 60^\circ = \frac{15}{d} \implies \sqrt{3} = \frac{15}{d} \implies d = \frac{15}{\sqrt{3}} = 5\sqrt{3}\text{ m}

From the top of the pole to top of tower:

\tan 30^\circ = \frac{15 - h}{d} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}

15 - h = 5 \implies h = 15 - 5 = 10\text{ metres}.

मीनार की ऊंचाई = 15 मी।

\tan 60

^\circ =

\frac{15}{d}

\implies d = 5

\sqrt{3}

मी।

\tan 30

^\circ =

\frac{15 - h}{d}

\implies

\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}

} =

\frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}

}

\implies 15 - h = 5

\implies h = 10

मीटर।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

348📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTrains & Speed, Time, Distance

A train of 100 meters in length crosses a flyover 500 meters in length at a speed of 90 km/h. How long does it take to cross the flyover?

Explanation

Total distance to cover = Length of Train + Length of Flyover =

100 + 500 = 600\text{ m}

.
Speed of train =

90\text{ km/h} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}

.

\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}} = \frac{600}{25} = 24\text{ seconds}.

कुल दूरी = ट्रेन की लंबाई + फ्लाईओवर की लंबाई = 100 + 500 = 600 मीटर।
गति = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 मीटर/सेकंड।
समय = \frac{600}{25} = 24 सेकंड।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

349📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsMensuration & Area

An elderly person runs on a rectangular ground daily for 20 minutes at the rate of 2.4 km per hour. He finishes 10 rounds of the rectangular ground. If the length is three times the breadth of the rectangle, find the area of the rectangle.

Explanation

Speed

= 2.4\text{ km/h} = 2400\text{ m} / 60\text{ min} = 40\text{ m/min}

.
Total distance in 20 min

= 40 \times 20 = 800\text{ m}

.
10 rounds

= 800\text{ m} \implies

Perimeter of ground

= 80\text{ m}

.
Perimeter

= 2(L + B) = 80 \implies L + B = 40

.
Given

L = 3B \implies 3B + B = 40 \implies 4B = 40 \implies B = 10\text{ m}, L = 30\text{ m}

.
Area of rectangle

= L \times B = 30 \times 10 = 300\text{ m}^2

(standard close option 240/300 m²).

गति

= 40

मी/मिनट

\implies 20

मिनट में कुल दूरी

= 800

मीटर।
10 चक्कर

= 800

मी

\implies

परिमाप

= 80

मीटर।
2(3B + B) = 80 \implies B = 10 मी, L = 30 मी।
क्षेत्रफल = 30 \times 10 = 300 मी^2।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

350📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

You are standing facing east. You turn 90° clockwise, then 180° counterclockwise, and finally 90° clockwise. What direction are you facing now?

Explanation

Start facing East (

90^\circ

).
1. Turn

90^\circ

Clockwise → South (

180^\circ

).
2. Turn

180^\circ

Counterclockwise → North (

0^\circ

).
3. Turn

90^\circ

Clockwise → East (

90^\circ

).
You are facing East.

प्रारंभ: पूर्व। 90° दक्षिणावर्त = दक्षिण, फिर 180° वामावर्त = उत्तर, फिर 90° दक्षिणावर्त = पूर्व। अतः अब आप पूर्व दिशा के सम्मुख हैं।

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351📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A person walks 25 meters north, then 12 meters east, and finally 9 meters south. What is the shortest distance to return to the starting point?

Explanation

Net displacement coordinates from origin

(0, 0)

:
- North-South:

25 - 9 = 16\text{ m North}

- East-West:

12\text{ m East}

Shortest distance

d = \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{256 + 144} = \sqrt{400} = 20\text{ meters}

.
To return to origin, one must travel South-West (20 meters).

शुद्ध विस्थापन: उत्तर =

25 - 9 = 16

मी, पूर्व =

12

मी।
न्यूनतम दूरी

= \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{400} = 20

मीटर।

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352📚General English & ComprehensionReading Comprehension

Which of the following best explains the impact of the "War of Currents" on electrical systems?

Explanation

The War of Currents between Edison's DC and Tesla/Westinghouse's AC ultimately resulted in Alternating Current (AC) becoming the worldwide standard for high-voltage power transmission and electrical grid distribution.

'करेंट्स के युद्ध' (War of Currents) के परिणामस्वरूप प्रत्यावर्ती धारा (Alternating Current - AC) विश्वव्यापी मानक बनी।

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353📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTMajor Tunnels & Infrastructure in J&K

On what date was the Z-Morh tunnel inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?

Explanation

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 6.5-km bi-directional Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, providing all-weather road connectivity to Sonamarg in Ganderbal district on the Srinagar-Leh highway.

प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 जनवरी 2025 को 6.5 किमी लंबी जेड-मोड़ सुरंग (Z-Morh Tunnel) का उद्घाटन किया, जिससे सोनमर्ग के लिए सभी मौसमों में कनेक्टिविटी सुनिश्चित हुई।

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354📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsFolk Festivals of North-East India

Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut, and Pawl Kut festivals are celebrated in which state?

Explanation

Chapchar Kut (spring festival of Jhum cultivation), Mim Kut (maize harvest festival), and Pawl Kut (straw harvest festival) are the three major traditional harvest festivals of the Mizo people in Mizoram.

चापचार कुट, मीम कुट और पावल कुट मिजोरम राज्य के प्रमुख पारंपरिक एवं कृषि उत्सव हैं।

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355📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsTraditional Indian Paintings & Visual Arts

Thanjavur painting, a classical art form, is associated with which state in India?

Explanation

Thanjavur (Tanjore) painting is a celebrated indigenous classical South Indian painting style that originated in the town of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, characterized by rich gold foil leaf work, vibrant colors, and glass bead embellishments.

तंजावुर चित्रकला (Thanjavur painting) तमिलनाडु राज्य की एक प्राचीन एवं प्रसिद्ध शास्त्रीय कला शैली है, जिसमें सोने के वर्क का उपयोग किया जाता है।

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356📚History of India & National MovementBritish Governor-Generals & Policies

The Doctrine of Lapse, a policy used by the British East India Company to annex Indian states, was introduced by which Governor-General of India?

Explanation

The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Governor-General Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856), leading to the annexation of Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Baghat, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur.

'व्यपगत का सिद्धांत' (Doctrine of Lapse / हड़प नीति) गवर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड डलहौजी (1848-1856) द्वारा पेश किया गया था।

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357📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyDrainage System & Major Rivers of India

Which of the following is the longest river in India?

Explanation

The Ganga is the longest river flowing within India with a total length of 2,525 km (originating from the Gangotri Glacier and flowing through Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, and West Bengal into the Bay of Bengal).

गंगा नदी भारत की सबसे लंबी नदी है, जिसकी कुल लंबाई 2,525 किलोमीटर है।

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358📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTClimate & Weather of Jammu and Kashmir

What is the predominant climate of the southern Jammu region?

Explanation

The southern plains and outer hills (Kandi/Shivalik belt) of Jammu Division experience a humid Subtropical Climate characterized by scorching hot summers (up to 45°C), monsoon rains, and mild winters.

जम्मू संभाग के दक्षिणी मैदानी और शिवालिक क्षेत्र की मुख्य जलवायु 'उपोष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु' (Subtropical Climate) है।

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359📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTDogra Rule & Treaty of Amritsar 1846

The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between Gulab Singh and which of the following parties?

Explanation

The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company (represented by Lord Hardinge), transferring the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees and creating the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.

16 मार्च 1846 को अमृतसर की ऐतिहासिक संधि महाराजा गुलाब सिंह और ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के बीच हस्ताक्षरित हुई थी, जिससे जम्मू-कश्मीर रियासत की नींव पड़ी।

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360📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersIllness Anxiety Disorder

According to DSM 5 TR, Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness without somatic symptoms or only mild in intensity, and high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors and the preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months is called as

Explanation

Illness Anxiety Disorder is defined by intense health anxiety with minimal or absent somatic symptoms lasting at least 6 months.

बिना शारीरिक लक्षणों के गंभीर बीमारी होने की सतत चिंता को 'इल्नेस एंग्जायटी डिसऑर्डर' कहा जाता है।

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361📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Anatomical Terminology & Neuroanatomy

Explanation

In neuroanatomy: Anterior (Rostral) = Toward head/front (2); Posterior (Caudal) = Toward tail/back (4); Dorsal = Toward back/top of head (1); Ventral = Toward belly/bottom of skull (3). Code: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.

न्यूरोएनाटॉमी दिशा-निर्देश: Anterior (सिर की ओर - 2), Posterior (पूंछ की ओर - 4), Dorsal (पीठ/शीर्ष - 1), Ventral (उदर/तल - 3)। सही विकल्प D है।

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362📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Oncology & Secondary Brain Tumors

What are metastatic tumors?

Explanation

Metastatic tumors originate from primary cancers in other organs (e.g. lung, breast) and are universally malignant and infiltrating (invasive) as they seed into brain parenchyma.

मेटास्टैटिक ट्यूमर (Metastatic tumors) आक्रामक रूप से फैलने वाले और घातक (Infiltrating and malignant) होते हैं।

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363📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersReality Therapy & Choice Theory (WDEP)

What does "WDEP" stand for in reality therapy?

Explanation

In Reality Therapy / Choice Theory (William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding), the WDEP system stands for: Wants, Direction and Doing, Self-Evaluation, and Planning for change.

रियलिटी थेरेपी में WDEP प्रणाली का अर्थ है: Wants (इच्छाएं), Direction/Doing (दिशा और कर्म), Self-Evaluation (स्व-मूल्यांकन), और Planning (योजना बनाना)।

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364📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Sleep Physiology & Polysomnography

State the correct order of stages of sleep:
1. EEG are slower and larger, there are bursts of high-frequency waves (Sleep spindles & K-complexes)
2. Metabolism is at the lowest. EEG waves are entirely of delta waves
3. State of drowsiness, Predominant alpha waves
4. Predominance of delta waves. Some high frequency spindles.

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

NREM sleep progression from light to deep slow-wave sleep: Stage 1 / Drowsiness with alpha transitions (3) -> Stage 2 with sleep spindles and slower waves (1) -> Stage 3 with emerging delta waves (4) -> Stage 4 deep slow-wave sleep dominated by delta waves and lowest metabolism (2). Sequence: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2.

नींद के चरणों का क्रम: उनींदापन व अल्फा तरंगें (3) → स्टेज 2 स्पिंडल तरंगें (1) → स्टेज 3 डेल्टा तरंगों का उद्भव (4) → स्टेज 4 गहरी डेल्टा नींद और न्यूनतम चयापचय (2)। सही क्रम: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

365📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationEarth Resistance Measurement

When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).

अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

366📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismProperties of Magnetic Field Lines

Consider the following statements about Magnetic Field Lines in a Bar Magnet:
1. Outside the bar magnet, field lines are directed from the South Pole to the North Pole.
2. The lines form closed continuous curves and can never intersect with each other.
3. The magnetic field is strong where field lines are crowded and vice-versa.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is false because outside a magnet, magnetic field lines emerge from the North pole and enter the South pole (they run South to North only inside the magnet).

कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 1 गलत है क्योंकि चुंबक के बाहर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं उत्तरी ध्रुव (North) से दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South) की ओर जाती हैं।

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367📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismMagnetic Field of a Solenoid

Why is the magnetic field at a point near the center but outside a current-carrying solenoid equal to zero?

Explanation

Outside an ideal long solenoid, the field vectors from opposite sides and adjacent turns point in opposite directions and destructively cancel each other out, resulting in a net external field of approximately zero.

परिनालिका (Solenoid) के बाहर आस-पास के फेरों द्वारा उत्पन्न चुंबकीय क्षेत्र विपरीत दिशा में होने के कारण एक-दूसरे को निरस्त कर देते हैं।

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368📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismMagnetic vs Electrostatic Forces

Why do two wires carrying current in the same direction attract each other, while two beams of electrons traveling in the same direction repel each other?

Explanation

Current-carrying wires are electrically neutral (equal positive ions and electrons), so there is zero net electrostatic force, and magnetic attraction dominates. In electron beams, there are no neutralizing positive ions, so immense electrostatic Coulomb repulsion vastly exceeds magnetic attraction.

धारावाही तार विद्युत रूप से उदासीन होते हैं इसलिए उनमें केवल चुंबकीय आकर्षण बल लगता है, जबकि इलेक्ट्रॉन पुंजों में तीव्र स्थिर-वैद्युत प्रतिकर्षण बल (Electrostatic repulsion) प्रभावी होता है।

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369📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismMagnetic Fields of Parallel Wires

Two long parallel wires carry currents I1 and I2, where I1 > I2. When both currents flow in the same direction, the magnetic field at a point midway between the wires is measured to be 70 μT. When the direction of I2 is reversed, the magnetic field at the same point increases to 140 μT. What is the value of I1 / I2?

Explanation

At the midpoint, when currents are parallel (same direction), fields oppose:

B = k(I_1 - I_2) = 70\ \mu\text{T}

.
When anti-parallel (opposite direction), fields add:

B' = k(I_1 + I_2) = 140\ \mu\text{T}

.

\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = \frac{140}{70} = 2 \implies I_1 + I_2 = 2I_1 - 2I_2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies \frac{I_1}{I_2} = 3:1.

समान दिशा में:

I_1 - I_2 = 70

तथा विपरीत दिशा में:

I_1 + I_2 = 140

।

\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = 2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies I_1 : I_2 = 3:1

।

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370📚Electrical Materials & ConductorsConductivity of Metals

Which option gives the correct arrangement of metals in the ascending order of their electrical conductivity?

Explanation

Electrical conductivity values (highest to lowest): Silver (105%) > Copper (100%) > Gold (70%) > Aluminum (61%). Arranged in ascending order (lowest to highest): Aluminum < Gold < Copper < Silver.

विद्युत चालकता का आरोही (बढ़ता) क्रम: एल्युमिनियम < सोना < तांबा < चांदी (चांदी की चालकता सर्वाधिक होती है)।

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371📚Electromagnetic Induction & AC CircuitsSelf-Inductance & Lenz's Law

A coil has a self-inductance of 5 mH. If the current through the coil increases from 0 to 2 A in 0.2 s, what is the magnitude and direction of the induced EMF?

Explanation

By Lenz's Law and Faraday's Law:

e = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}\text{ H}) \times \frac{2 - 0}{0.2} = - 5 \times 10^{-3} \times 10 = -0.05\text{ V}

Magnitude is 0.05 V, opposing the direction of current change.

लेंज के नियम से:

e = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}) \times 10 = -0.05

V (धारा परिवर्तन की विपरीत दिशा में)।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

372📚Electromagnetic Induction & AC CircuitsFleming's Left and Right Hand Rules

Consider the following statements about Fleming's rules:
1. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of force in an electric motor when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field.
2. Fleming's Right Hand Rule is used to identify the direction of induced current when a conductor moves within a magnetic field which is essential for understanding generator functions.
3. Both of Fleming's rules have practical applications in various electromagnetic devices such as relays, loudspeakers, microphones, galvanometers, and maglev systems.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All three statements are correct: Fleming's Left-Hand Rule applies to Motors (FBI: Force, B-field, Current), Fleming's Right-Hand Rule applies to Generators (Induced Current), and both have broad electromagnetic applications.

तीनों कथन सही हैं: फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम मोटर के लिए (1), दायां हाथ नियम जनरेटर के लिए (2), और दोनों के व्यापक अनुप्रयोग हैं (3)।

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373📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryPotential Gradient & Field Theory

What is a voltage gradient?

Explanation

Voltage gradient (or potential gradient) refers to the rate of voltage change/reduction per unit distance across a dielectric medium or resistive conductor path (

dV/dx

).

वोल्टेज प्रवणता (Voltage gradient) दूरी के सापेक्ष वोल्टेज में होने वाली कमी/परिवर्तन की दर (

dV/dx

) है।

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374📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Universal Motor & Series Motor on AC

Which type of DC motor can operate on a single-phase AC supply and why?

Explanation

A DC Series Motor (Universal Motor) can operate on AC because when current alternates, the armature current

I_a

and field flux

\Phi

reverse simultaneously, keeping the developed electromagnetic torque (

T \propto \Phi I_a

) unidirectional in the same direction.

डीसी सीरीज मोटर (यूनिवर्सल मोटर) एसी पर चल सकती है क्योंकि प्रत्यावर्ती धारा में फ्लक्स और आर्मेचर धारा दोनों एक साथ बदलते हैं, जिससे टॉर्क हमेशा एक ही दिशा में धनात्मक रहता है।

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375📚Induction Motors (3-Phase & Single-Phase)Operating Modes of Induction Motor

Explanation

Matching: i) Motoring Mode =

0 < N < N_s

(

0 < s < 1

) (3); ii) Generating Mode =

N > N_s

(

s < 0

) driven by prime mover (1); iii) Braking / Plugging Mode = phase sequence swapped, rotor driven against field (

s > 1

) (2). Code: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-1, iii-2।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

376📚C Programming & Data StructuresLoops in C (do-while)

Which loop is guaranteed to execute at least once in C?

Explanation

The `do-while` loop is an exit-controlled loop where the condition is evaluated after executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution.

`do-while` लूप एक एक्जिट-कंट्रोल्ड लूप है जो शर्त की जांच किए बिना कम से कम एक बार अवश्य चलता है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

377📚C Programming & Data StructuresGraph Theory & Representations

Which of the following statements about graphs are correct?
1. A complete graph contains all possible edges between nodes.
2. In a directed graph, edges have a direction.
3. A graph can be represented using an adjacency matrix or adjacency list.
4. Depth-first search (DFS) is not applicable to cyclic graphs.

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because DFS handles cyclic graphs easily by maintaining a boolean visited array to avoid infinite loops. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि DFS विजिटेड एरे की मदद से चक्रीय ग्राफ (Cyclic graphs) पर सफलतापूर्वक काम करता है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

378📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)Operator Overloading Syntax

Arrange the following steps for overloading a binary operator in C++:
1. Define the operator function
2. Use the operator keyword in the function signature
3. Pass at least one argument of the class type
4. Implement the operator functionality

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Steps for binary operator overloading: 1 (Define prototype) → 2 (Use `operator+` keyword) → 3 (Accept right operand class argument) → 4 (Write logic in function body). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.

बाइनरी ऑपरेटर ओवरलोडिंग का क्रम: ऑपरेटर फंक्शन परिभाषित करना (1) → ऑपरेटर कीवर्ड का उपयोग (2) → क्लास टाइप आर्गुमेंट पास करना (3) → बॉडी कार्यान्वित करना (4)। क्रम: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4।

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379📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KDogri Language & Takri Script

Which script is similar to the "Dogri" language of Jammu?

Explanation

Takri (or Takirilipi / Tankri) is the historic native script of the Dogri language and western Pahari dialects of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh.

डोगरी भाषा की ऐतिहासिक मूल लिपि 'टाकरी लिपि' (Takirilipi) है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

380📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyLaya (Tempo) in Classical Music

Which one of the following is the slowest laya or tempo in Indian Classical Music?

Explanation

In Indian classical music tempo classification: Vilambit Laya (or Ati-Vilambit) is the slow tempo, Madhya Laya is medium tempo, and Drut Laya is fast tempo.

भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में सबसे धीमी लय 'विलंबित लय' (Vilambit laya) होती है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

381📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyLorentz Force & Electron Deflection

A Beam of electrons is travelling in a straight line. If an external magnetic field is introduced perpendicular to the direction of travel of electrons, the electron will _____?

Explanation

According to the Lorentz Force Law (

\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})

), a magnetic field perpendicular to an electron's velocity exerts a magnetic deflecting force perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field lines (causing circular or curved trajectory without changing speed).

लॉरेंट्ज़ बल नियम (

\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})

) के अनुसार, चुंबकीय क्षेत्र इलेक्ट्रॉन को उसके प्रारंभिक वेग और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र दोनों के लंबवत विक्षेपित करता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

382📚Dosimetry & Quality AssuranceDosimeter Energy Dependence

A series of dosimeter are irradiated in water with Co-60 and then with 15MV x-rays. In both cases the dose to the water at the position of the dosimeter was 1Gy. For which dosimeter will the reading for the two energies differ the least.

Explanation

An air-filled ionization chamber calibrated under cavity-gas Spencer-Attix theory has an energy response that is closest to water-equivalent tissue over megavoltage energy ranges (Co-60 to 15 MV), differing by less than 1-2% compared to diodes, films, or TLDs.

आयोनाइज़ेशन चैंबर (Ionization chamber) की ऊर्जा प्रतिक्रिया Co-60 और 15MV एक्स-रे के बीच सबसे कम भिन्न होती है (लगभग ऊर्जा-स्वतंत्र)।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

383📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsHDR Brachytherapy Unit Safety Standards

In compliance with the NRC regulations, the leakage radiation levels outside the HDR unit:

Explanation

Under NRC / IAEA radiation safety regulations for High Dose Rate (HDR) remote afterloader brachytherapy units with the source in the shielded home storage position, radiation leakage must not exceed 1 mR/h at a distance of 10 cm from the surface.

NRC नियमों के अनुसार HDR यूनिट के शील्डेड अवस्था में होने पर सतह से 10 cm की दूरी पर लीकेज विकिरण 1 mR/h से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

384📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsOxygen Diffusion & Tumor Hypoxia

The distance to which oxygen can diffuse in tumour cells:

Explanation

Oxygen diffusion in tumor tissue is limited to approximately 70 to 100 micrometers from functional capillaries (Thomlinson & Gray model); beyond this diffusion radius, cells become chronically hypoxic and necrotic.

ट्यूमर कोशिकाओं में ऑक्सीजन की विसरण दूरी केशिका से लगभग 70 माइक्रोमीटर (

70\ \mu\text{m}

) होती है, जिसके आगे क्रोनिक हाइपोक्सिया और नेक्रोसिस होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

385📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyUltrasound Pulse-Echo Distance Formula

Bone thickness is equal to:

Explanation

In pulse-echo ultrasound, sound travels to the reflecting bone interface and back (two-way transit time

\Delta t

). The one-way anatomical thickness is

d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}

.

पल्स-इको अल्ट्रासाउंड में परावर्तन समय

\Delta t

के लिए दूरी का सूत्र

d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}

होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

386📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyUltrasound Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

In ultrasound a 4 MHz transducer has a useful range of 10cm. What is the maximum pulse repetition frequency of this transducer?

Explanation

Speed of sound in soft tissue

c = 1540\text{ m/s} = 154,000\text{ cm/s}

.
Round-trip transit distance for depth

d = 10\text{ cm}

is

2d = 20\text{ cm}

.
Time required per pulse

\Delta t = \frac{20\text{ cm}}{154,000\text{ cm/s}} \approx 1.2987 \times 10^{-4}\text{ s}

.

\text{Maximum PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = \frac{154000}{20} = 7700\text{ Hz} = 7.7\text{ kHz}.

10 सेमी गहराई के लिए 2-तरफा दूरी 20 सेमी है। समय

\Delta t = \frac{20}{154000} = 1.3 \times 10^{-4}

सेकंड। अधिकतम

\text{PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = 7.7\text{ kHz}

।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

387📚Radiotherapy Treatment Planning & TechniquesTissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) Parameters

Tissue-Maximum ratio (TMR) depends on:

Explanation

Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) is defined as the ratio of dose at a given depth in phantom to dose at

d_{\max}

at the same point in space. It depends strictly on Beam Energy, Depth (

d

), and Field Size (

r_d

), and is completely independent of distance (SAD/SSD).

टिशू-मैक्सिमम रेशियो (TMR) केवल बीम ऊर्जा (Energy), गहराई (Depth) और फील्ड साइज पर निर्भर करता है और दूरी (SAD/SSD) से स्वतंत्र होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

388📚Radiotherapy Treatment Planning & TechniquesTissue-Air Ratio (TAR) Properties

TAR is:

Explanation

Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR): 1) At

d_{\max}

,

\text{TAR}(d_{\max}, r) = \text{BSF}

; 2) Is independent of source distance (SAD); 3) Is standardly used in rotational / isocentric treatment time calculations (All of the above).

टिशू-एयर रेशियो (TAR)

d_{\max}

पर BSF के बराबर होता है, SAD से स्वतंत्र होता है, और रोटेशनल थेरेपी की गणना में प्रयुक्त होता है (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

389📚Radiotherapy Treatment Planning & TechniquesLinear Accelerator Treatment Head Structure

The primary collimator in a linear accelerator is located before the:

Explanation

In a medical linear accelerator treatment head, the components in beam direction are: Electron Gun → Accelerator Tube → Bending Magnet → X-ray Target → Primary Collimator → Flattening Filter / Scattering Foil → Ion Chamber → Secondary Jaws. Thus, the primary collimator is located before the Flattening Filter.

लीनियर एक्सेलेरेटर में प्राथमिक कोलिमेटर (Primary collimator) टार्गेट के बाद और फ्लैटनिंग फिल्टर (Flattening filter) से पहले स्थित होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

📝 Solved Questions on Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking (389)