Reasoning & Mental AbilityGeneral Intelligence & Reasoning

Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking

Spatial navigation and shortest distance calculations using Pythagoras theorem, and linear/circular ranking and ordering problems.

SOLVED MCQS
1003
PAPERS APPEARED
120 / 122
FREQUENCY RATE
98%
AVG / EXAM
8.4
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📝 Solved Questions on Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking (1003)

Start Timed Test (1003 Qs)Self-Paced Practice
1📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Arrange the following Indian states in order from North to South:

- a. Himachal Pradesh
- b. Tamil Nadu
- c. Telangana
- d. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation
Geographical arrangement from North to South is: Himachal Pradesh (a), Madhya Pradesh (d), Telangana (c), and Tamil Nadu (b). This corresponds to sequence a, d, c, b.
شمال سے جنوب کی جغرافیائی ترتیب ہے: ہماچل پردیش (a)، مدھیہ پردیش (d)، تلنگانہ (c)، اور تمل ناڈو (b)۔ یعنی 'a, d, c, b'۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
2📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
In which tourist place is the Kolahoi glacier located?
Explanation
Kolahoi Glacier is a valley glacier located in the northwestern Himalayan Range, approximately 26 km north of Pahalgam.
کولاہوئی گلیشیئر (Kolahoi glacier) جموں و کشمیر کے مشہور سیاحتی مقام پہلگام (Pahalgam) کے قریب واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
3📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with a suitable article:

The Sun rises in the east and sets in ___ west.
Explanation
Directions (east, west, north, south) take the definite article 'the' when preceded by a preposition. Therefore, 'sets in the west'.
جغرافیائی سمتوں (directions) جیسے مشرق، مغرب، وغیرہ سے پہلے ہمیشہ ڈیفینیٹ آرٹیکل 'the' لگایا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
4📚Statistics & MathematicsVectors
The unit vector having the opposite direction of the vector (1,-1) is:
Explanation
Vector v⃗=(1,−1)\vec{v} = (1, -1). Magnitude =12+(−1)2=2= \sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{2}. The unit vector in the same direction is 12(1,−1)\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1). The unit vector in the opposite direction is obtained by multiplying with -1, which is −12(1,−1)\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1).
حل: ویکٹر کا حجم (magnitude) 2\sqrt{2} ہے۔ الٹی سمت میں یونٹ ویکٹر معلوم کرنے کے لیے اسے منفی سے ضرب دیں گے، جس سے −12(1,−1)\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1,-1) حاصل ہوگا۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
5🔬General SciencePhysics
The thrust on a rocket is in:
Explanation
According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, the downward ejection of exhaust gases (action) creates an equal and opposite upward reaction force (thrust) on the rocket, which acts in the same direction as the rocket's motion.
نیوٹن کے حرکت کے تیسرے قانون کے مطابق، گیسوں کا نیچے کی طرف اخراج راکٹ پر اوپر کی طرف قوت پیدا کرتا ہے، جو راکٹ کی حرکت کی سمت (same direction) میں ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
6📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Match the following:

List-I
i. Microns
ii. Angstroms
iii. Fermi
iv. Kilometers

List-II
a. Distance between earth and moon.
b. Inter atomic distance in a solid
c. Size of nucleus.
d. Wavelength of infrared laser.
Explanation
The correct matching of length scales is: Microns corresponds to infrared laser wavelength (i-d); Angstroms corresponds to inter-atomic distances (ii-b); Fermi corresponds to nuclear size (iii-c); Kilometers corresponds to Earth-Moon distance (iv-a).
صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مائیکرون (Microns) -> انفرا ریڈ لیزر طول موج (i-d)؛ اینگسٹرام (Angstroms) -> جوہروں کے درمیان فاصلہ (ii-b)؛ فرمی (Fermi) -> نیوکلیئس کا سائز (iii-c)؛ کلومیٹر -> زمین اور چاند کا فاصلہ (iv-a)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
7📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:
Explanation
Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.
رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
8📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Which of the following situations are possible?

i. A body having velocity east and acceleration west.
ii. A body having constant velocity and variable acceleration.
iii. A body having zero velocity and non-zero acceleration.
Explanation
Situation (i) is possible (e.g. decelerating vehicle moving East). Situation (iii) is possible (e.g. a ball at the top of its flight has zero velocity but non-zero gravitational acceleration). Situation (ii) is impossible because constant velocity implies acceleration must be strictly zero.
صورتحال (i) ممکن ہے (بریک لگانے پر گاڑی مشرق جا رہی ہو اور اسراع مغرب ہو)۔ صورتحال (iii) بھی ممکن ہے (مثلاً ہوا میں اوپر پھینکی گئی گیند جو اپنی زیادہ سے زیادہ بلندی پر رکتی ہے لیکن کشش ثقل کا اسراع جاری رہتا ہے)۔ صورتحال (ii) ناممکن ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
9📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Charge is distributed uniformly along a long straight wire. The electric field at 2cm from the wire is 20 newton/coulomb. The electric field at 4cm from the wire is:
Explanation
For an infinite line charge, the electric field (E) is inversely proportional to distance (r) from the wire: E = λ / (2πε₀r). As distance doubles (from 2cm to 4cm), the electric field halves (from 20 N/C to 10 N/C).
سیدھی برقی تار کی وجہ سے برقی میدان (E) فاصلے (r) کے معکوس متناسب ہوتا ہے۔ جب فاصلہ دوگنا ہو جاتا ہے (2cm سے 4cm) تو برقی میدان آدھا رہ جائے گا (20 N/C سے 10 N/C)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
10📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Match the following:

List-I
i. Biot-Savart Law
ii. Fleming's Left-hand rule
iii. Fleming's Right-hand rule
iv. Right hand thumb rule

List-II
a. Direction of induced current.
b. Direction of magnetic lines due to current.
c. Direction of force due to magnetic induction
d. Magnitude and direction of magnetic induction
Explanation
The correct matches are: Biot-Savart Law gives magnitude/direction of magnetic induction (i-d); Fleming's Left-hand rule gives the direction of force on a current in a magnetic field (ii-c); Fleming's Right-hand rule gives the direction of induced current (iii-a); Right hand thumb rule gives the direction of magnetic lines (iv-b).
صحیح جوڑ یہ ہیں: بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون (i-d) -> برق مقناطیسی انڈکشن کی طاقت؛ فلیمنگ کا بائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (ii-c) -> قوت کی سمت؛ فلیمنگ کا دائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (iii-a) -> انڈیوسڈ کرنٹ کی سمت؛ دائیں ہاتھ کے انگوٹھے کا اصول (iv-b) -> مقناطیسی لہروں کی سمت۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
11📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
If "r" is the distance of a moving charge, the magnitude of magnetic field produced by the charge is proportional to:
Explanation
According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) from the charge (B ∝ 1/r²).
بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون کے مطابق، متحرک چارج سے پیدا ہونے والے مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت فاصلے (r) کے مربع کے معکوس متناسب ہوتی ہے (B ∝ 1/r²)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
12📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Two electrons travelling with same speed. The magnetic field is zero at the mid-point between them. This means,
Explanation
By the right-hand rule, when two negative charges (electrons) travel at equal speed along parallel lines in the same direction, the magnetic fields they produce at the exact midpoint are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, cancelling each other out to zero.
جب دو الیکٹران مساوی رفتار سے متوازی لکیروں پر ایک ہی سمت (same direction) میں سفر کرتے ہیں، تو دائیں ہاتھ کے اصول کے مطابق ان کے بالکل درمیانی نقطے پر مقناطیسی میدان برابر اور مخالف سمت میں ہو کر صفر ہو جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
13📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationWound Ballistics
The range which commences beyond the limit of flame zone and extends up to the distance to which the gunpowder residues could be projected in the area surrounding the wound of entrance is
Explanation
The 'Near range' (or close range) is the zone beyond the burning flame where unburnt/semi-burnt gunpowder particles are projected, creating powder tattooing (stippling) on the skin.
وہ فاصلہ جو شعلے کے زون سے آگے ہوتا ہے لیکن وہاں تک گولی کے بارود کے ذرات (tattooing) جلد پر نشان چھوڑ سکتے ہیں، اسے نیئر رینج (Near range) یا قریب کا فاصلہ کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
14📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeRifling
Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as
Explanation
The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).
نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
15📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeExternal Ballistics
Air resistance affects least to
Explanation
Boat-tailed bullets have a tapered base that reduces base drag and turbulence, experiencing the least overall air resistance compared to flat-base or round-nose designs.
بوٹ ٹیلڈ گولیاں (Boat tailed bullets) کا عقبی حصہ پتلا ہوتا ہے جو ہوا کے پیچھے بننے والے ویکیوم کو کم کرتا ہے، اس لیے ان پر ہوا کی رکاوٹ سب سے کم اثر کرتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
16📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeTrajectory
The angle between the direction of motion of projectile and central axis of projectile is called as
Explanation
Yaw is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the projectile and its actual vector of travel.
گولی کے طولی محور (longitudinal axis) اور اس کی حقیقی پرواز کی سمت کے درمیان بننے والے زاویے کو یاؤ (Yaw) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
17📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeBallistics
The distance up to which a shooter can take aim and make a kill is called as
Explanation
Effective range is the maximum distance at which a shooter can reasonably expect to hit and disable/kill a target using the weapon system.
وہ زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ جہاں تک ایک نشانہ باز درست نشانہ لگا کر ہدف کو ختم کر سکتا ہے، مؤثر رینج (Effective range) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
18📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.
پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
19📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesForensic Entomology
Arrange the sequence of steps you will perform as a forensic entomologist in an outdoor crime scene:

i. Collection of live adult flies
ii. Collection of soil temperatures under the body after its removal
iii. Photography, notations of the overall crime scene from a safe distance
iv. Collection of insects on the body
Explanation
First photograph the scene (iii), catch flying adult insects before they disperse (i), collect crawling insects/maggots from the remains (iv), and lastly collect soil temperatures beneath the body once it is moved (ii).
صحیح ترتیب: جائے وقوعہ کی دور سے تصویر کشی (iii) -> اڑنے والے کیڑوں کو پکڑنا (i) -> لاش پر موجود رینگنے والے کیڑے جمع کرنا (iv) -> لاش ہٹانے کے بعد مٹی کا درجہ حرارت لینا (ii)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
20📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesSerology
Which of the following is a primary binding assay?
Explanation
Western blotting directly detects the primary binding between an antigen and a labeled antibody, whereas others are secondary assays depending on precipitation or agglutination.
ویسٹرن بلاٹنگ (Western blotting) ایک پرائمری بائنڈنگ ٹیسٹ ہے جو براہِ راست پروٹین اور اینٹی باڈی کے ملاپ کا پتہ لگاتا ہے۔
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21📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Date, location and scale are the important components of
Explanation
Date, location, and scale (along with direction and legend) are essential components of a Crime Scene Sketch.
تاریخ، مقام اور اسکیل (پیمانہ) کرائم سین کے خاکے (Crime scene sketch) کے اہم اور لازمی اجزاء ہیں۔
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22📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsError Analysis
The error caused by poor calibration of the instrument is called
Explanation
Systematic errors are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction, often caused by poorly calibrated instruments or flawed experimental design.
آلات کی ناقص کیلیبریشن یا خرابی کی وجہ سے ہونے والی غلطیوں کو سسٹمیٹک ایرر (Systematic Error) کہتے ہیں، جو ہر بار ایک ہی سمت میں دہرائی جاتی ہیں۔
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23📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyCoal Chemistry
What type of coal has the lowest content of carbon?
Explanation
Lignite (often called brown coal) has the lowest carbon content (about 25-35%), whereas Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%).
لگنائٹ (Lignite) کوئلے کی وہ قسم ہے جس میں کاربن کی مقدار سب سے کم (تقریباً 25 سے 35 فیصد) ہوتی ہے، اسے براؤن کوئلہ بھی کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
24📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyPetroleum Products
What is the lowest temperature at which the volatile liquid will burn and continue to without the help of any external source?
Explanation
The Fire Point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid fuel produces enough vapor to continue burning for at least 5 seconds after ignition by a pilot flame.
وہ کم سے کم درجہ حرارت جس پر کوئی سالونٹ یا ایندھن مسلسل جلتا رہتا ہے (بغیر کسی بیرونی شعلے کے مسلسل جلنے کا عمل)، اسے فائر پوائنٹ (Fire Point) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
25📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryLasers
Laser is a type of light source which has the unique characteristics of
Explanation
Laser light possesses high monochromaticity (single wavelength), directionality (narrow beam), and coherence/penetration power.
لیزر (Laser) روشنی کی ایک ایسی شعاع ہے جس میں یک رنگی (monochromaticity)، ایک سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور نفوذ پذیری (penetration) کی منفرد خصوصیات ہوتی ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
26📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityLinux Commands
Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?
Explanation
The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).
لینکس میں فائلوں کو دکھانے اور بنانے کے لیے 'cat' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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27📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCriminology
A serial offender is suspected of victimizing young teenage girls by mutilating their breasts. What will be the signature/style by which the culprit is killing his victims be called?
Explanation
The method of committing a crime is called Modus Operandi (M.O.). While mutilation is a psychological signature, of the choices provided, 'Modus operandi' is the only valid legal/criminological term matching criminal behavioral patterns.
کسی مجرم کے جرم کرنے کے مخصوص طریقے یا اسٹائل کو قانونی اصطلاح میں موڈس آپرینڈی (Modus operandi) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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28📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyDNA Profiling
In STR genotyping results for multiple contributors, four peaks were obtained on a single locus for a sample. What is your most probable conclusion?
Explanation
An individual has at most two alleles per autosomal STR locus. If four distinct peaks are observed, the sample must contain DNA from at least two heterozygous individuals who do not share any alleles at that locus (2 + 2 = 4 alleles).
کسی ایک شخص کے کروموسوم پر ایک لوکس پر زیادہ سے زیادہ 2 ایلِیل (peaks) ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اگر 4 پیکس نظر آئیں تو اس کا مطلب ہے کہ یہ دو مختلف ہیٹروزائگس (heterozygous) افراد کے ڈی این اے کا آمیزہ ہے جن کا کوئی بھی ایلِیل مشترک نہیں تھا۔
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29📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyDNA Profiling
Arrange the steps of VNTR RFLP analysis in their proper sequence
i. Restriction digestion
ii. Probe hybridisation
iii. Gel electrophoresis
iv. Blotting
Explanation
The steps of VNTR RFLP analysis are: restriction digestion of genomic DNA (i), gel electrophoresis to separate fragments by size (iii), Southern blotting to transfer DNA to a membrane (iv), and probe hybridization to target specific VNTR loci (ii). This corresponds to i, iii, iv, ii.
وی این ٹی آر آریف ایل پی (RFLP) کا صحیح ترتیب ہے: سب سے پہلے ریسٹرکشن ڈائجیشن (i)، پھر جیل الیکٹروفورسس (iii)، پھر سدرن بلاٹنگ (iv) اور آخر میں پروب ہائبرڈائزیشن (ii)۔ اس طرح ترتیب i، iii، iv، ii بنتی ہے۔
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30📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Searching
What is the purpose of a grid search pattern in crime scene searching?
Explanation
A grid search pattern, which involves searching in perpendicular directions, is highly systematic and allows investigators to cover large and medium search areas thoroughly.
گرڈ سرچ پیٹرن (جو کہ عمودی سمتوں میں منظم تلاش ہے) تفصیلی اور منظم طریقے سے درمیانے اور بڑے علاقوں کو مکمل طور پر کور کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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31📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonDynamic Signatures
The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-
Explanation
A Biometric Signature Pad (or digital signature pad) captures dynamic signature features such as stroke speed, pressure, direction, and rhythm for identity verification.
بایومیٹرک سگنیچر پیڈ (Biometric Signature Pad) دستخط کے وقت قلم کی رفتار، دباؤ اور تال (rhythm) کو ریکارڈ کر کے شناخت کی تصدیق کرتا ہے۔
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32📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionHypothesis Testing
What does the term p-value represent in hypothesis testing?
Explanation
The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. It represents the likelihood of the result occurring due to random chance.
مفروضے کی جانچ (hypothesis testing) میں، پی-ویلیو (p-value) اس بات کا احتمال (probability) ہے کہ مشاہدہ شدہ نتائج محض اتفاق یا چانس کی وجہ سے حاصل ہوئے ہیں۔
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33📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsMagnetism
The North pole of a magnet:
Explanation
According to the law of magnetism, opposite poles attract each other and like poles repel. Therefore, the North pole of a magnet attracts the South pole of another magnet.
مقناطیس کے قوانین کے مطابق، مخالف پولز ایک دوسرے کو کھینچتے ہیں۔ اس لیے مقناطیس کا شمالی قطب (North pole) دوسرے مقناطیس کے جنوبی قطب (South pole) کو اپنی طرف راغب کرتا ہے۔
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34📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsMeasurements
In the context of measuring instruments, the least count is:
Explanation
The least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest measurement value that can be resolved or measured accurately using that instrument.
کسی بھی پیمائشی آلے کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ (least count) وہ سب سے چھوٹی پیمائش ہے جو اس آلے کی مدد سے بالکل درست طریقے سے لی جا سکتی ہے۔
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35📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsLasers
The beam width of a Gaussian beam is defined as the distance between points where the intensity drops to:
Explanation
In Gaussian beam analysis, the beam width can be defined at the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), where the intensity drops to 50% of its peak value.
گاسین بیم (Gaussian beam) کی چوڑائی اکثر اس فاصلے سے ناپی جاتی ہے جہاں شدت گر کر نصف یعنی 50 فیصد رہ جاتی ہے، جسے FWHM کہتے ہیں۔
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36📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsGaussian Beams
Statement (A): A Gaussian beam is characterised by a bell-shaped intensity curve
Statement (B): A Gaussian beam has uniform intensity across the beam
Statement (C): A Gaussian beam shows exponential decrease in intensity
Explanation
A Gaussian beam has a bell-shaped radial intensity profile (A is true) and decreases exponentially as a function of the square of the distance from the beam axis (C is true). It does not have uniform intensity (B is false). Thus, only A and C are correct.
گاسین بیم کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: اس کی شدت گھنٹی نما منحنی (bell-shaped) پیٹرن کی ہوتی ہے (A) اور یہ محور سے دور ہونے پر تیزی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C)۔ اس کی شدت ہر جگہ یکساں نہیں ہوتی (B غلط ہے)۔ یعنی صرف A اور C درست ہیں۔
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37📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsLaser Properties
Compared to traditional light sources, lasers typically have:
Explanation
Lasers are distinguished from ordinary light sources by their high intensity, high directionality (low divergence), monochromaticity, and high coherence.
عام روشنی کے مقابلے میں، لیزر روشنی میں بہت زیادہ شدت (intensity)، ایک ہی سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور ہم آہنگی (coherence) پائی جاتی ہے۔
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38📚Organic & StereochemistryLocard Principle
Locard's exchange principle can be applied to all of the following except
Explanation
Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace' (transfer of physical material like fibers, tool marks, and soil). Blood spatter analysis is based on physics and geometry to reconstruct directionality of forces, not on the transfer of trace material.
لوکارڈ کے اصول کے مطابق 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے' (جیسے فائبر، مٹی، یا ٹول مارکس کا منتقل ہونا)۔ خون کے چھینٹوں کے نمونے کا تجزیہ (blood spatter) طبیعیات اور ہندسیہ پر مبنی ہے، جو لوکارڈ کے تبادلے کے اصول کے دائرے میں نہیں آتا۔
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39📚Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
The first Forensic Science Laboratory established in India in
Explanation
The first state Forensic Science Laboratory in India was established in Calcutta, West Bengal, in the year 1952.
ہندوستان کی پہلی ریاستی فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (FSL) 1952 میں کلکتہ (مغربی بنگال) میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔
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40📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Sketching
A crime-scene sketch should include all of the following except
Explanation
A crime scene sketch must show measurements, scale, orientation (North arrow), date, time, and location. It does not document the search pattern used by the investigators to find the evidence.
کرائم سین کے خاکے میں فاصلے کا پیمانہ، تاریخ، سمت (شمال کا نشان) اور جائے وقوعہ کا نام ہونا ضروری ہے، لیکن اس میں تلاشی کے طریقے (search pattern) کا ذکر نہیں ہوتا۔
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41📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsPharmacology
What is the slowest route of administration for cannabis.
Explanation
Dermal (topical absorption through the skin) is the slowest and least efficient route of administration for cannabis due to the highly lipophilic nature of cannabinoids and the barrier properties of the skin.
بھنگ (Cannabis) کے جسم میں داخلے کے تمام طریقوں میں سے جلد کے ذریعے جذب ہونا (Dermal) سب سے سست اور غیر موثر طریقہ ہے۔
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42📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyThin Layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography can be used to analyse samples that are believed to contain explosives. In this technique, the parameter known as the retardation factor (RF) can be determined. Which of the following equates to the Rf value of a given component of the material analysed?
Explanation
The Retardation Factor (Rf) in TLC is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the compound (spot) by the distance traveled by the solvent front from the starting origin line.
ٹی ایل سی (TLC) میں آر ایف قیمت (Rf value) کا فارمولا یہ ہے: اسپاٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ تقسیم سالونٹ فرنٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ۔ یعنی آپشن A صحیح جواب ہے۔
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43📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCondensed Matter Physics
According to principles of condensed matter physics, what is the critical factor determining the electronic properties of nanoscale structures?
Explanation
In condensed matter physics, the electronic band structure and properties of nanomaterials are highly sensitive to interatomic distances and atomic arrangements, which influence electron orbital overlap and quantum confinement.
کنڈینسڈ میٹر فزکس کے مطابق، نینو اسکیل ڈھانچے کی برقی خصوصیات (electronic properties) کا تعین کرنے میں ایٹموں کے درمیانی فاصلے (interatomic distances) سب سے اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔
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44📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
In forensic glass analysis, hackle marks are associated with:
Explanation
Hackle marks are parallel line features on a fracture surface that indicate the local direction of crack propagation. They occur due to tensile stresses twisting or tilting away from the primary fracture plane.
ہیکل مارکس (Hackle marks) شیشے کی فریکچر سطح پر تناؤ کی قوتوں (Tensile forces) کے تحت دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے کی سمت کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔
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45📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
What phenomenon is observed when glass fragments are forced backward into a room due to an explosion or impact from outside?
Explanation
When glass is broken by an impact or explosion, most fragments travel in the direction of the force, but microscopic glass fragments are projected backward toward the direction of the blow. This is known as backscatter (or backward fragmentation).
جب باہر سے کسی دھماکے یا ضرب کی وجہ سے شیشے کے باریک ذرات قوت کے مخالف رخ یعنی اندر کی طرف اچھلتے ہیں، تو اسے بیک اسکیٹر اثر (Backscatter effect) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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46📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
The pattern formed on glass due to exposure to heat is:
Explanation
Glass broken by exposure to high heat (thermal shock) typically exhibits curved, wavy, and non-directional fracture patterns without a distinct point of impact. These are often called wavy or thermal fractures.
تیز گرمی یا آگ کے اثر سے شیشے پر پڑنے والی دراڑیں اور فریکچر لہر دار یا لچکدار ہوتی ہیں، جنہیں ویوی پیٹرن (Wavy pattern) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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47📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCordage Examination
In the forensic examination of cordage, why is the knowledge of the specific lay and twist of fibers within the cord essential for investigators?
Explanation
Identifying physical characteristics of cordage (ropes, strings), including the number of strands, direction of twist (S-twist or Z-twist), and lay angle, is critical to establish a forensic link between cordage found on a victim and suspect.
رسی یا رسی کے ٹکڑوں میں ریشوں کے بل کھانے کی سمت (lay and twist) کا علم ملزم اور شکار (link between suspects and victims) کے درمیان تعلق قائم کرنے میں مددگار ثابت ہوتا ہے۔
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48📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationMicroscopy
In polarized light microscopy, what term describes the phenomenon where different colours of light travel at different speeds through a material, resulting in a variation in refractive index with wavelength?
Explanation
Birefringence (double refraction) is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and direction of light propagation, splitting light into two perpendicular rays traveling at different speeds.
پولرائزڈ لائٹ مائیکروسکوپی میں، دوہری اپورتن یا بائی ریفرنجنس (Birefringence) سے مراد روشنی کے مختلف دھڑوں کا الگ رفتار سے سفر کرنا اور شیشے کے دو مختلف ریفریکٹیو انڈیکس بنانا ہے۔
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49📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationForensic Statistics
In forensic analysis, if the probability of a match between a suspect's DNA and evidence DNA is 1 in 1 million, what is the likelihood of an unrelated person having the same DNA profile?
Explanation
A match probability of 1 in 1 million (1 in 10,00,000 in South Asian numbering) directly means the probability that a random, unrelated person shares the same DNA profile is 1 in 1,00,0000.
اگر ڈی این اے میچ کا امکان 10 لاکھ میں 1 ہے، تو کسی دوسرے غیر متعلقہ شخص کا وہی پروفائل ہونے کا امکان بھی 10 لاکھ میں 1 (1 in 10,00,000) ہی ہوگا۔
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50📚Organic ChemistryRivers of India
Which one of the following is a north flowing river?
Explanation
The Chambal River originates in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh and flows north-northeast through Rajasthan before joining the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.
دریائے چمبل مدھیہ پردیش میں وندھیا پہاڑی سلسلے سے نکلتا ہے اور اتر پردیش میں دریائے یمنا میں شامل ہونے سے پہلے راجستھان کے راستے شمال کی طرف بہتا ہے۔
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51📚Organic ChemistryApplied Chemistry
Alcoholic beverages contain
Explanation
Ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) is the active chemical compound found in all alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.
تمام الکوحل والے مشروبات میں ایتھائل الکوحل (Ethyl alcohol/Ethanol) پایا جاتا ہے، جو خمیر کے ذریعے شکر کی ابال (fermentation) سے بنتا ہے۔
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52📚Inorganic ChemistryTime, Speed & Distance
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:
Explanation
Speed of the second train = Distance / Time = 400 km / 4 hours = 100 km/hr. Since the ratio of their speeds is 7:8, the speed of the first train = (7 / 8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.
دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ رفتار کا تناسب 7:8 ہے، پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔
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53📚Inorganic ChemistryRanking Test
In a group of five friends Hina, Rukaiya, Shefali, Mariyam, Gurpreet, Hina is taller than Rukaiya. Also, Shefali is shorter than Rukaiya. Gurpreet is taller than Hina while Mariyam is the shortest. Who among them is the tallest?
Explanation
Let's arrange the heights:
- Hina > Rukaiya
- Rukaiya > Shefali
- Gurpreet > Hina
- Mariyam is the shortest.
Combining these: Gurpreet > Hina > Rukaiya > Shefali > Mariyam. Therefore, Gurpreet is the tallest.
قد کی ترتیب کے مطابق: گورپریت > ہینا > رقیہ > شفیلی > مریم۔ اس طرح گورپریت سب سے لمبی ہے۔
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54📚Inorganic ChemistryTime, Speed & Distance
With an average speed of 40 km/hr, a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 35 km/hr, it is late by 15 minutes. Find the length of the total journey.
Explanation
Let distance be d. The time difference is 15 minutes = 0.25 hours.
- d/35 - d/40 = 1/4
- (8d - 7d)/280 = 1/4
- d = 280 / 4 = 70 km.
فرض کریں کل فاصلہ d کلومیٹر ہے۔ وقت کا فرق 15 منٹ یعنی 1/4 گھنٹہ ہے:
d/35−d/40=1/4  ⟹  d=70d/35 - d/40 = 1/4 \implies d = 70 کلومیٹر۔
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55📚Physical ChemistryIndian Climate
The reason for Rajasthan being deficient in rainfall is
Explanation
The Aravalli Range lies parallel to the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds, providing no physical barrier to block the winds and cause them to rise and cool down for rain.
راجستھان میں بارش کی کمی کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ وہاں پہاڑی سلسلے (Aravalli Range) ہواؤں کے متوازی ہیں، جس سے ہواؤں کو اوپر اٹھنے اور ٹھنڈا ہونے کا موقع نہیں ملتا۔
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56📚Physical ChemistryTransport in India
Headquarters of North Eastern railway is at
Explanation
The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways is located at Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh.
نارتھ ایسٹرن ریلوے (North Eastern Railway) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔
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57📚Physical ChemistryCensus of India 2011
According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔
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58📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryRanking Test
Who is the youngest of all based on the following statements?
(i) Radha is younger to Sunita but elder than Rita
(ii) Rita is elder than Geeta
(iii) Sham is elder to Rita but younger to Radha
Explanation
From (i): Sunita > Radha > Rita.
From (ii): Rita > Geeta.
From (iii): Radha > Sham > Rita.
Combining these: Sunita > Radha > Sham > Rita > Geeta. Therefore, Geeta is the youngest.
بیانات کے مطابق عمر کا تناسب یہ ہے: سنیتا > رادھا > شام > ریتا > گیتا۔ لہذا گیتا سب سے چھوٹی ہے۔
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59📚General Knowledge & ReasoningIntroduction to Computers
This type of computer(s) is/are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing computer.
Explanation
Microcomputers (personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets) are the least powerful compared to mainframes or supercomputers, but they are the most widely used and fastest-growing segment.
مائیکرو کمپیوٹرز (Micro computers - جیسے پرسنل کمپیوٹرز یا لیپ ٹاپ) دیگر کے مقابلے میں کم طاقتور لیکن سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والے کمپیوٹر ہیں۔
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60📚Forensic Science & PhotographyHeritage
Which of the following statements about Ajanta Caves is/are correct?

1. Ajanta caves are a series of rock-cut caves on Waghora River near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
2. These caves are located in the Sahyadri ranges on Eastern Ghats.
3. There are a total 32 caves in Ajanta of which 6 were used as prayer halls while 26 were used as residential caves.
4. Ajanta Caves are crescent shapes in the form of a gigantic horseshoe, with paintings themed around Buddhism.
Explanation
Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sahyadri ranges are located in the Western Ghats (not Eastern). Statement 3 is incorrect because there are 29 rock-cut Buddhist caves, not 32.
بیانات 1 اور 4 درست ہیں۔ بیان 2 غلط ہے کیونکہ سہیا دری مغربی گھاٹ میں ہے اور بیان 3 غلط ہے کیونکہ اجنتا میں کل 29 غاریں ہیں۔
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61📚General Knowledge & AwarenessInternational Organizations
Match the International Organizations with their respective Headquarters:

- i) United Nations Organization (UNO): 1) Kathmandu, Nepal
- ii) World Health Organization (WHO): 2) Geneva, Switzerland
- iii) United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 3) New York, US
- iv) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): 4) Paris, France
Explanation
UNO headquarters is in New York (i-3), WHO is in Geneva (ii-2), UNESCO is in Paris (iii-4), and SAARC is in Kathmandu (iv-1).
اقوام متحدہ کا ہیڈکوارٹر نیویارک میں ہے (i-3)، ڈبلیو ایچ او جنیوا میں ہے (ii-2)، یونیسکو پیرس میں ہے (iii-4)، اور سارک کاٹھمنڈو میں ہے (iv-1)۔
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62📚Reasoning & MathematicsSpeed Distance Time
A bus travels 3/4 of its usual distance in 2/3 the usual time. What percentage change in speed of bus has occurred?
Explanation
Let usual distance = d, usual time = t. Speed = d/t.
New speed = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = (9/8) (d/t) = 1.125 * (d/t).
This represents an increase of 0.125, which is 12.5% increase.
فرض کریں معمول کا فاصلہ = d، وقت = t۔ رفتار = d/t۔
نئی رفتار = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = 1.125 (d/t)۔ یعنی رفتار میں 12.5 فیصد اضافہ ہوا ہے۔
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63📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
George Eastman introduced _____ in August 1888.
Explanation
George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera in August 1888, which utilized roll film and made photography accessible to the public.
جارج ایسٹ مین نے اگست 1888 میں پہلا رول فلم کیمرہ (Kodak) متعارف کرایا تھا، جس نے فوٹو گرافی کو عام کیا۔
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64📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
Which f-stops allows less light?
Explanation
A higher f-number represents a smaller physical aperture diameter. Therefore, f/32 has the smallest opening and allows the least light.
ایف نمبر جتنا بڑا ہوگا، اپریچر کا سوراخ اتنا ہی چھوٹا ہوگا۔ اس لیے f/32 میں سب سے کم روشنی داخل ہوتی ہے۔
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65📚General Awareness & Current AffairsLanguages of India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which state of India?
Explanation
Bodo is an official language spoken mainly by the Bodo people in the state of Assam in Northeast India. It is also listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ہندوستان کی شمال مشرقی ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ یہ آئین ہند کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں شامل ہے۔
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66📚General Awareness & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?
Explanation
Myanmar is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The 8 SAARC members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
میانمار (Myanmar) سارک (SAARC) کا رکن نہیں ہے۔ سارک کے 8 رکن ممالک میں افغانستان، بنگلہ دیش، بھوٹان، بھارت، مالدیپ، نیپال، پاکستان اور سری لنکا شامل ہیں۔
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67📚General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K Geography
Which of the following rivers are allocated to India for exclusive use under the Indus Water Treaty?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the water of the three Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas) is allocated to India for unrestricted use.
1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے (Indus Water Treaty) کے تحت مشرقی دریاؤں یعنی راوی، ستلج اور بیاس کے پانی کے استعمال کے حقوق ہندوستان کو تفویض کیے گئے ہیں۔
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68📚General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K Heritage
Consider the following statements.
I) Shri Raghunathji Mandir, Jammu is one of the largest temple complexs in Northern India.
II) The temple was built in 1857 by Maharaja Hari Singh.
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect because the Raghunath Temple complex construction was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1853 and completed by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 (not by Maharaja Hari Singh, who ruled much later).
بیان I درست ہے؛ رگھوناتھ مندر جموں و کشمیر اور شمالی ہند کے بڑے مندروں میں سے ہے۔ بیان II غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مندر مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے شروع کروایا اور مہاراجہ رنبیر سنگھ نے مکمل کروایا (نہ کہ مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ نے)۔
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69📚Elementary MathematicsFractions
One-third of the boys and one-half of the girls of a college participated in a social work project. If the number of participating students is 300 out of which 100 are boys, what is the total number of students in the college?
Explanation
Participating boys = 100. Since this is 1/3 of the total boys (B), B/3 = 100 => B = 300. Participating girls = 300 - 100 = 200. Since this is 1/2 of the total girls (G), G/2 = 200 => G = 400. Total students = B + G = 300 + 400 = 700.
شامل لڑکے = 100، جو کل لڑکوں کا 1/3 ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکے = 300۔ شامل لڑکیاں = 300 - 100 = 200، جو کل لڑکیوں کا نصف (1/2) ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکیاں = 400۔ کالج کے کل طلبہ کی تعداد = 300 + 400 = 700 ہے۔
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70📚Elementary MathematicsArithmetic Puzzles
A stairway 10 ft. high is such that each step accounts for half a foot upward and one foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?
Explanation
The total vertical steps = 10 / 0.5 = 20 steps. The ant climbs 20 risers (20 * 0.5 = 10 ft). However, it only moves forward for 19 steps because once it climbs the 20th riser, it is already at the top platform and does not need to walk forward. Total distance = 10 ft (vertical) + 19 ft (horizontal) = 29 ft.
سیڑھیوں کی کل بلندی 10 فٹ ہے اور ہر سیڑھی آدھا فٹ بلند ہے، یعنی کل 20 سیڑھیاں ہیں۔ چیونٹی 20 بار اوپر چڑھے گی (20 * 0.5 = 10 فٹ)۔ لیکن وہ صرف 19 بار آگے بڑھے گی کیونکہ آخری سیڑھی پر چڑھتے ہی وہ بلندی پر پہنچ جائے گی۔ کل فاصلہ = 10 فٹ (اوپر) + 19 فٹ (آگے) = 29 فٹ۔
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71📚General Awareness & Current AffairsNetwork Services
Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
Explanation
Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network connections to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
ٹیل نیٹ (Telnet) وہ سروس ہے جو کسی صارف کو نیٹ ورک پر موجود کسی دوسرے کمپیوٹر میں لاگ ان ہونے اور اسے کنٹرول کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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72📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomIndus Water Treaty
Which river is primarily allocated to Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, three western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—were primarily allocated to Pakistan, while three eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—were allocated to India.
1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے کے تحت تین مغربی دریاؤں (سندھ، جہلم اور چناب) کا پانی پاکستان کو اور تین مشرقی دریاؤں (راوی، بیاس اور ستلج) کا پانی بھارت کو تفویض کیا گیا تھا۔
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73📚General Awareness & ScienceJ&K Geography
Gulmarg hill station lies in
Explanation
Gulmarg is a famous hill station located in the Pir Panjal Range of the Western Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.
گلمرگ جموں و کشمیر میں واقع ایک مشہور تفریحی مقام ہے جو ہمالیہ کے سلسلہ کوہ پیر پنجال (Pir Panjal Range) میں واقع ہے۔
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74📚General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History
In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?
Explanation
English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.
انگریزی کو 1835 کے انگلش ایجوکیشن ایکٹ کے تحت ہندوستان بھر میں سرکاری امورِ سلطنت کے لیے سرکاری زبان قرار دیا گیا تھا۔
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75📐MathematicsSpeed, Time & Distance
A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.
Explanation
Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.
فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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76📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomWave Propagation
The ionosphere acts as the reflecting surface for the waves in which of the following modes of propagation?
Explanation
Sky wave propagation involves the reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere back to the earth, allowing long-distance shortwave communications.
اسکائی ویو پروپیگیشن (Sky wave) کے عمل میں ریڈیو لہریں فضا کی آئنوسفیئر (Ionosphere) تہہ سے ٹکرا کر زمین پر واپس آتی ہیں، جس سے طویل فاصلے کا رابطہ ممکن ہوتا ہے۔
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77📚📚 Social ScienceJ&K Geography
Where exactly is Aksai Chin?
Explanation
Aksai Chin is located in the north-east corner of the Jammu and Kashmir region (currently under Chinese control).
اقصائے چن جموں و کشمیر کے علاقے کے شمال مشرقی کونے میں واقع ہے (جو فی الحال چین کے زیر کنٹرول ہے)۔
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78📚🔭 SciencePlaces & Administration
In which district is the Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army located?
Explanation
The Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army is located in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir.
ہندوستانی فوج کی سدرن اور نادرن کمانڈز میں سے نادرن کمانڈ (Northern Command) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ادھم پور میں واقع ہے۔
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79📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:
Explanation
Speed of the second train = 400 km / 4 hrs = 100 km/hr. Since ratio is 7:8, speed of the first train = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.
دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ تناسب 7:8 ہے، اس لیے پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) × 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔
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80📚🌍 General AwarenessEnvironment & Ecology
Which of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot of India?
Explanation
The Western Ghats is one of India's prominent ecological hotspots, hosting a massive diversity of flora and fauna.
مغربی گھاٹ (Western Ghats) ہندوستان کے اہم ترین ماحولیاتی حساس علاقوں (Ecological Hotspots) میں شمار ہوتا ہے۔
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81📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Directions: Arrange the parts P, Q, R, S to make a correct sentence with (1) and (6) as fixed points:

(1) I explained to him
P: was like a family's
Q: always exuded warmth
R: elder and how she has
S: how for me she
(6) and consideration for me.
Explanation
The correct rearrangement is SPRQ: 'I explained to him how for me she (S) was like a family's (P) elder and how she has (R) always exuded warmth (Q) and consideration for me.'
درست ترتیب SPRQ ہے: 'میں نے اسے سمجھایا کہ وہ میرے لیے ایک خاندانی بزرگ کی طرح تھی اور اس نے ہمیشہ میرے لیے گرمجوشی اور خیال کا مظاہرہ کیا۔'
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82📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:
Explanation
Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.
اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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83📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.
Explanation
Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.
دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔
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84📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Match the following climatic regions with their corresponding locations:

P) Tropical Rain Forests - Western Ghats, West coastal Plains, Parts of Assam
Q) Tropical Savana Climate - Most of peninsular region except Western Ghats
R) Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate - Rainshadow belt from Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu
S) Tropical and Sub-tropical Steppes - Punjab, Haryana and Kachchh Region
Explanation
Tropical Rain Forest matches Western Ghats/Assam (P-2), Savana matches peninsular region (Q-1), Semi-Arid matches rainshadow belt (R-4), and Steppes matches Punjab/Kachchh (S-3). This matches option C.
بارانی جنگلات کا زون مغربی گھاٹ (P-2) ہے، سوانا جزیرہ نما خطہ (Q-1) ہے، نیم خشک زون مہاراشٹر تا تامل ناڈو کا رین شیڈو بیلٹ (R-4) ہے، اور اسٹیپس پنجاب/کچھ (S-3) ہے۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
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85📚🧩 ReasoningClassification
Which of the following is the odd one out?
Explanation
Inch, Meter, and Centimeter are units of length/distance. Kilogram is a unit of mass.
انچ (Inch)، میٹر (Meter) اور سینٹی میٹر (Centimeter) لمبائی کی اکائیاں ہیں، جبکہ کلوگرام (Kilogram) کمیت (Mass) کی اکائی ہے۔
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86📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
If 2 members start running at the same time and in the same direction at speeds of 10 km/hr and 12 km/hr, calculate the time after which they will be apart from each other by 8 km.
Explanation
Relative speed = 12 km/hr - 10 km/hr = 2 km/hr. Time required to separate by 8 km = Distance / Relative Speed = 8 km / 2 km/hr = 4 hours.
نسبتی رفتار (Relative Speed) = 12 - 10 = 2 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ 8 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ پیدا کرنے کا وقت = 8 / 2 = 4 گھنٹے۔
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87📚Surveying & LevellingGeodetic Surveying
In great survey networks, typically
Explanation
In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.
بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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88📚Surveying & LevellingArches
The perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados of an arch is called
Explanation
The perpendicular distance between the inner curve (intrados) and the outer curve (extrados) of an arch ring is defined as the depth of the arch.
محراب (Arch) کے اندرونی منحنی خط (intrados) اور بیرونی منحنی خط (extrados) کے درمیان کے عمودی فاصلے کو محراب کی گہرائی (Depth of an arch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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89📚Surveying & LevellingFoundations
The lowest part of the structure which transmit the load to the soil is known as
Explanation
The foundation (or substructure) is the lowest part of a building or structure that is in direct contact with the ground and transmits the loads to the underlying soil.
کسی بھی عمارت کا سب سے نچلا حصہ جو براہ راست مٹی کے ساتھ رابطے میں ہوتا ہے اور بوجھ کو زمین پر منتقل کرتا ہے، اسے فاؤنڈیشن (Foundation - بنیاد) کہتے ہیں۔
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90📚Engineering Drawing & CADScales
Two villas that are present on the map are actually 20 km away from each other and the scale of the map is 1: 20000. Calculate the distance on the map between the two villas?
Explanation
Actual Distance = 20 km=20×103 m=2,000,000 cm20 \text{ km} = 20 \times 10^3 \text{ m} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}. Map Distance = Actual Distance×Scale=2,000,000/20,000=100 cm\text{Actual Distance} \times \text{Scale} = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 \text{ cm}.
حقیقی فاصلہ = 20 km=2,000,000 cm20 \text{ km} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = حقیقی فاصلہ / اسکیل کا ڈینومینیٹر = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 cm۔ اس لیے درست جواب 100cm ہے۔
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91📚RCC & Structural MechanicsRailway Track
How is speed of the train related to the track gauge distance provided?
Explanation
The maximum speed of trains is directly proportional to the gauge of the track. Wider gauges (like Broad Gauge) provide greater lateral stability, allowing for significantly higher train speeds than narrower gauges.
ٹرین کی رفتار ریلوے ٹریک کے گیج (دو پٹریوں کے درمیان فاصلہ) کے راست تناسب (Directly proportional) ہوتی ہے۔ وسیع تر گیج زیادہ استحکام دیتا ہے جس سے رفتار بڑھائی جا سکتی ہے۔
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92📚RCC & Structural MechanicsLevelling Instruments
The least count of target staff when graduated in feet is
Explanation
While a standard self-reading leveling staff is graduated to 5 mm (0.01 ft), a target staff is equipped with a vernier scale on the movable target that allows readings to be taken to the precision of 0.001 ft.
عام لیولنگ سٹاف کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 5 mm ہوتا ہے، لیکن جب ورنیئر سکیل سے لیس 'ٹارگٹ سٹاف' کا استعمال فٹ میں کیا جائے، تو اس کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 0.001 فٹ (0.001 ft) ہوتا ہے۔
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93📚RCC & Structural MechanicsSurveying Instruments
Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.
درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔
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94📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationPlane Table Surveying
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, what is the correct sequence of operations needed at each plane table station?
Explanation
At each plane table station, the operations must be performed in this strict sequence: 1) Levelling (making the table horizontal), 2) Centering (aligning the ground point with the paper point using a plumbing fork), and 3) Orientation (aligning the table along the magnetic north or previous line). This corresponds to sequence (i), (iii), (ii).
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں سٹیشن پر کام کا درست تسلسل (i)، (iii)، (ii) ہے: پہلے لیولنگ (ٹیبل ہموار کرنا)، پھر سینٹرنگ (گراؤنڈ اور نقشے کے پوائنٹ کو سیدھا کرنا)، اور آخر میں اورینٹیشن (رخ متعین کرنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
95📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationChain Surveying
Which of the following is not required for chain surveying?
Explanation
A dumpy level is a levelling instrument used to establish elevations. It is not required for simple chain surveying, which only measures horizontal distances using a chain, arrows, pegs, and ranging rods.
چین سروے (Chain surveying) میں فاصلے ماپنے کے لیے زنجیر، ایروز اور پیگز استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ ڈمپی لیول (Dumpy level) اونچائی ماپنے کا آلہ ہے، جو اس سروے کے لیے ضروری نہیں ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
96📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationBridge Engineering
The height of a bridge girder is kept _______ above the High Flood Level (HFL).
Explanation
The vertical clearance (freeboard) between the highest flood level (HFL) and the lowest point of the bridge superstructure is kept in the range of 1.2 to 1.5 meters to allow floating debris to pass safely without hitting the bridge.
پل کے گرڈر کے نچلے حصے اور دریا میں سیلاب کی سب سے اونچی سطح (HFL) کے درمیان کا عمودی فاصلہ (فری بورڈ) 1.2 سے 1.5 میٹر رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ پانی میں بہتی ہوئی چیزیں پل سے نہ ٹکرائیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
97📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMotion & Distance
You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr how far distance will your vehicle can travel in 20 minutes?
Explanation
Speed = 72 km/h72 \text{ km/h}. Time = 20 minutes=2060 hour=13 hour20 \text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} \text{ hour} = \frac{1}{3} \text{ hour}. Distance = Speed×Time=72×13=24 km\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72 \times \frac{1}{3} = 24 \text{ km}.
رفتار = 72 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ وقت = 20 منٹ = 1/3 گھنٹہ۔ فاصلہ = رفتار × وقت = 72 × (1/3) = 24 کلومیٹر۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
98📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRoad Safety & Speed Control
Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing
Explanation
Lower speeds reduce the probability of crashes because drivers have more time to react, stopping distances are shorter, and vehicle control is easier to maintain.
ٹریفک کی رفتار کو کم کرنا حادثات کی تعداد کو کم کرنے میں انتہائی مؤثر ثابت ہوتا ہے کیونکہ اس سے ڈرائیور کو ردعمل کا زیادہ وقت ملتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
99📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHighway Engineering & Road Layout
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way mean
Explanation
A 4-lane divided highway consists of two separate carriageways divided by a median or physical barrier, with each carriageway containing two traffic lanes for movement in opposite directions.
4 لین والے منقسم ہائی وے کا مطلب ہے کہ سڑک کے درمیان ایک بیریئر یا میڈین ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سمتوں میں ٹریفک کے لیے دو دو لینز ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
100📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActTraffic Police Hand Signals
The hand signal of a traffic police officer with the left arm extended horizontally and the right arm extended horizontally/beckoning represents:
Explanation
Extending the left arm horizontally stops traffic from the left or right, and beckoning with the right arm allows traffic coming from the right to turn left.
بائیں بازو کو افقی طور پر پھیلانا اور دائیں بازو سے اشارہ کرنا دائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روکنے اور انہیں بائیں مڑنے کی اجازت دینے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
101📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActTraffic Police Hand Signals
The hand signal of a traffic police officer swinging a red light or raising both hands in a circular motion represents:
Explanation
A warning signal to clear the intersection or alert all traffic is shown by raising both arms or swinging a warning light, telling all vehicles in all directions to prepare to stop.
تمام ٹریفک کے لیے وارننگ سگنل کا مطلب ہے کہ تمام سمتوں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو رکنے یا ہوشیار رہنے کا اشارہ دیا جا رہا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
102📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm and rotating it in an anti-clockwise direction is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Under Indian road rules, when a driver extends the right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction, it represents the intention to turn left or change lanes to the left.
ہندوستانی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت، جب ڈرائیور دایاں بازو باہر نکال کر اسے گھڑی کی مخالف سمت (اینٹی کلاک وائز) گھماتا ہے، تو اس کا مطلب بائیں مڑنے یا بائیں لین تبدیل کرنے کا ارادہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
103📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm in a downward direction and moving it up and down is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Extending the right arm downwards and moving it slowly up and down is the standard hand signal indicating that the driver intends to slow down their vehicle.
دائیں بازو کو نیچے کی طرف پھیلا کر آہستہ آہستہ اوپر نیچے کرنا اس بات کا اشارہ ہے کہ ڈرائیور گاڑی کی رفتار کو کم کرنا چاہتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
104📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActGeography of J&K
The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is
Explanation
Jammu and Kashmir is located in the northernmost part of India, which lies in the North-West direction relative to Bihar.
ہندوستان کے نقشے پر جموں و کشمیر، بہار کے لحاظ سے شمال مغربی (North-West) سمت میں واقع ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
105📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
Among (i) Distance (ii) Direction and (iii) Symbol which are the components of the map:
Explanation
The three essential components of a map are distance, direction, and symbols.
کسی بھی نقشے کے تین اہم اجزاء ہوتے ہیں: فاصلہ (Distance)، سمت (Direction) اور علامت (Symbol)۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
106📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm = 100 meter". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then actual distance between the two locations is
Explanation
Map scale: 1 cm=100 m1 \text{ cm} = 100 \text{ m}. Distance on map = 15 cm15 \text{ cm}. Actual distance = 15×100 m=1500 m=1.5 km15 \times 100 \text{ m} = 1500 \text{ m} = 1.5 \text{ km}.
نقشے کا پیمانہ: 1 سینٹی میٹر = 100 میٹر۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = 15 سینٹی میٹر۔ اصل فاصلہ = 15 × 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
107📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
Your residence is located at (R) and office is at (O). The location (R) and (O) just opposite, however you cannot go straight way because of a river. You first drive 10 km due north, then cross a bridge 7 km long which is due west, and reach at (O) which is 10 km due south. With respect to office (O) your residence (R) is
Explanation
Let R be at (0,0)(0,0). Driving 10 km10 \text{ km} North reaches (0,10)(0, 10). Moving 7 km7 \text{ km} West reaches (−7,10)(-7, 10). Moving 10 km10 \text{ km} South reaches (−7,0)(-7, 0), which is O. Since O is at (−7,0)(-7,0), R (0,0)(0,0) is 7 km7 \text{ km} due East of O.
فرض کریں رہائش (R) نقطہ (0,0) پر ہے۔ 10 کلومیٹر شمال جانے پر مقام (0,10) ہوگا۔ 7 کلومیٹر مغرب جانے پر (-7,10) ہوگا۔ پھر 10 کلومیٹر جنوب جانے پر آفس (O) مقام (-7,0) پر ہوگا۔ لہذا، آفس کے لحاظ سے رہائش (R) 7 کلومیٹر مشرق میں ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
108📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceFriction & Slip
Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance travel along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance travel along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Explanation
In skidding, wheels lock up and stop rotating (circumference movement ≈0\approx 0), but the vehicle continues sliding forward (distance along road > wheel rotation). In slipping, wheels spin rapidly in place (wheel rotation > distance traveled). Both statements are true.
اسکیڈنگ میں بریک لاک ہو جاتی ہے اور گاڑی آگے گھسیٹتی ہے (فاصلہ > ٹائر گھومنا)؛ سلپنگ میں ٹائر تیزی سے گھومتا ہے لیکن گاڑی آگے نہیں بڑھتی (فاصلہ < ٹائر گھومنا)۔ دونوں بیانات سچ ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
109📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceKinematics & Motion
On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other. They are traveling at 20 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively, towards each other. Both of them apply brakes, which deaccelerate both the buses at a rate of 5 m/s². How far apart will they be, when they have come to stop.
Explanation
Stopping distance s=u22as = \frac{u^2}{2a}. For Bus 1: s1=2022×5=40 ms_1 = \frac{20^2}{2 \times 5} = 40 \text{ m}. For Bus 2: s2=1022×5=10 ms_2 = \frac{10^2}{2 \times 5} = 10 \text{ m}. Total stopping distance = s1+s2=40+10=50 ms_1 + s_2 = 40 + 10 = 50 \text{ m}. Thus, they need to be 50 meters apart to avoid a collision.
بس 1 کا فاصلہ: 20² / 10 = 40 میٹر۔ بس 2 کا فاصلہ: 10² / 10 = 10 میٹر۔ دونوں بسوں کے رکنے کا کل فاصلہ = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
110📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTowing Regulations
Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is
Explanation
As per the Central Motor Vehicles Rules and road regulations, the towing distance (drawbar or towline length) between the rear of the towing vehicle and front of the towed vehicle must not exceed 5 meters.
موٹر وہیکل قوانین کے مطابق، کھینچنے والی گاڑی اور کھینچی جانے والی گاڑی کے درمیان زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ 5 میٹر سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
111📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Rules
As per central motor vehicle rules, 1989, the visual transmission of light in rear window and windscreen should not be less than
Explanation
Under Rule 100 of the CMVR, 1989, the Visual Light Transmission (VLT) of safety glass must be at least 70% for the windscreen and rear window, and at least 50% for side windows.
موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، گاڑی کے ونڈ اسکرین اور پچھلے شیشے پر روشنی کی شفافیت (VLT) کم از کم 70 فیصد ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
112📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlBelts & Pulleys
V-belts is most suitable when the distance between drive and the driven pulley is
Explanation
V-belts are designed for power transmission between shafts that are located close together (short center-to-center distances). Over long distances, they tend to slip or sag.
وی-بیلٹ (V-belt) پولی کے درمیان کم فاصلے (Short distance) پر طاقت کی ترسیل کے لیے سب سے زیادہ موزوں ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
113📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Dimensions
"Wheel base" of a motor vehicle is the distance between the
Explanation
The wheelbase of a vehicle is defined as the distance between the center points of the front wheels and the rear wheels (axle-to-axle distance).
گاڑی کے اگلے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے مرکز کے درمیانی فاصلے (axle to axle distance) کو وہیل بیس (Wheel base) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
114📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Instruments
Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the distance covered by the motor vehicle?
Explanation
An odometer is the instrument on the vehicle dashboard that records the total distance traveled by the vehicle. (Speedometer measures speed).
گاڑی کی طرف سے طے کیا گیا کل فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کے لیے اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
115📚🔭 ScienceFish Taxonomy
Which of the following is not a meristic character?
Explanation
Meristic characters are countable anatomical features of fish (e.g., finlet count, gill rakers, scutes). Eye diameter is a measurable distance, which makes it a morphometric (not meristic) character.
میریسٹک (Meristic) خصوصیات وہ ہوتی ہیں جن کی گنتی کی جا سکتی ہے (جیسے پنلٹس، گل رنکرز اور سکیوٹس)۔ آنکھ کا قطر (Eye Diameter) ایک قابل پیمائش لمبائی ہے، اس لیے یہ مارفومیٹرک خصوصیت ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
116📚🔭 ScienceGenetics
Which of the following statements about linkage is true?
a. Linkage increases as distance between genes increases.
b. Linkage results in formation of more parental phenotype.
c. Repulsion and coupling are two phases of linkage.
d. Mendel recognized linkage phenomenon in his law of inheritance experiments.
Explanation
Statements b and c are true. Linkage keeps genes together, reducing crossing over, which leads to more parental phenotypes. Coupling and repulsion are the two phases of linkage. Statement a is false because linkage decreases as distance increases. Statement d is false because Mendel did not encounter linkage.
بیانات b اور c درست ہیں۔ ربط (Linkage) کی وجہ سے والدین کی طرح کی خصوصیات زیادہ بنتی ہیں، اور کپلنگ و ریپلشن اس کے دو پہلو ہیں۔ بیان a غلط ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ بڑھنے سے ربط کم ہوتا ہے۔ اور مینڈل نے ربط کا مشاہدہ نہیں کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
117📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Which one of the following is NOT an exotic fish?
Explanation
Horabagrus brachysoma (commonly known as the Sun catfish) is native to the rivers of the Western Ghats in India. The other three species are exotic (introduced) to India.
Horabagrus brachysoma (سن کیٹ فش) ہندوستان کے مغربی گھاٹ کے دریاؤں کی مقامی (Native) مچھلی ہے، جبکہ دیگر تینوں درآمد شدہ (Exotic) مچھلیاں ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
118📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Himalayas extend from the Namga Parbat to Namcha Barwa
b. Himalayas extend over 2400 km
c. Ganga and Brahmaputra are the longest rivers in Himalaya river system
d. Himalayan streams can be divided to 4 zones as per Sehgal (1988)
Explanation
Statements a and b are true. The Himalayas run in an arc of about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat in the west to Namcha Barwa in the east. Statement c is false because the Indus is the longest river. Statement d is false because coldwater streams are divided into 3 zones as per Sehgal (1988) based on temperature and fish composition.
بیانات a اور b درست ہیں۔ ہمالیہ مغرب میں نانگا پربت سے مشرق میں نامچہ باروا تک تقریباً 2400 کلومیٹر طویل قوس میں پھیلا ہوا ہے۔ بیانات c اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
119📚🔭 ScienceFish Anatomy
The dark muscles in fishes contain more ------than light muscles
Explanation
Dark (red) muscles in fishes contain a significantly higher density of mitochondria than light (white) muscles. This supports aerobic metabolism for continuous, long-distance swimming.
مچھلی کے سرخ یا گہرے پٹھے (Dark muscles) سفید پٹھوں کے مقابلے میں بہت زیادہ مائٹوکونڈریا (Mitochondria) پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں جو انہیں مسلسل تیرنے کی توانائی دیتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
120📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Kunka is used to measure fish seed in---- technique
Explanation
A 'Kunka' is a traditional, small cup-like measuring container made of wood or metal, used traditionally by spawn collectors and fish farmers in West Bengal to estimate the volume of fish seed/spawn.
کُنکا (Kunka) ماہی پروری کی روایتی (Traditional) تکنیک میں مچھلیوں کے بیج (Spawn/Seed) کو ناپنے کا لکڑی یا دھات کا ایک روایتی چھوٹا برتن ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
121📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Riverine fishery resources has ---- major systems
Explanation
India's riverine fishery resources are divided into 5 major systems: 1) Indus River System, 2) Ganga River System, 3) Brahmaputra River System, 4) East Coast River System, and 5) West Coast River System.
ہندوستان کے دریاؤں کی مچھلیوں کے قدرتی ذخائر کو 5 بڑے دریاؤں کے سسٹمز (Riverine Systems) میں تقسیم کیا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
122📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
Rod used in bait fishing measures feet
Explanation
Traditional cane poles or rods used in bait fishing generally measure between 9 to 12 feet, providing the necessary reach and control to present bait without casting long distances.
روایتی طور پر چارہ استعمال کر کے مچھلی پکڑنے والی راڈ (Bait fishing rod) کی لمبائی 9 سے 12 فٹ (9-12 feet) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
123📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
These are major rivers for sport fishing
Explanation
The Kosi, Kali, and Sharda rivers in Uttarakhand/northern India are famous destinations for angling the mighty Golden Mahseer.
ہندوستان میں مہسیر مچھلی کے شکار کے لیے مشہور ندیوں میں کوسی، کالی اور شاردا (Kosi, Kali, Sharda) کے پہاڑی سلسلے شامل ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
124📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
The Treaty of Amritsar, which handed over the territory of Kashmir to Gulab Singh, was signed in which year?
Explanation
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
125📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Geography
Which Indian state is the largest producer of rice?
Explanation
West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
126📚General EnglishIndian History
The famous Indus Valley Civilization site 'Lothal', known for its ancient dockyard, is located in which modern state of India?
Explanation
Lothal was one of the southern-most cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhal region of modern Gujarat state.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
127📚General EnglishIndian Geography
The Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water coastal lagoon in India, is located in which state?
Explanation
Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
128📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time & Distance
A train running at a speed of 90 km/h90 \text{ km/h} crosses a utility pole in 10 seconds10 \text{ seconds}. What is the length of the train in meters?
Explanation
Speed in m/s = 90×518=25 m/s90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 \text{ m/s}.
Time taken to cross the pole = 10 s10 \text{ s}.
Length of the train = Speed×Time=25 m/s×10 s=250 meters\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 25 \text{ m/s} \times 10 \text{ s} = 250 \text{ meters}.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
129📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense
A man walks 5 km5 \text{ km} towards South, then turns right and walks 3 km3 \text{ km}. He then turns left and walks 5 km5 \text{ km}. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
Let starting point be (0,0)(0,0).
1. Walks 5 km5 \text{ km} South   ⟹  (0,−5)\implies (0, -5).
2. Turns right (West) and walks 3 km  ⟹  (−3,−5)3 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -5).
3. Turns left (South) and walks 5 km  ⟹  (−3,−10)5 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -10).
The point (−3,−10)(-3, -10) lies in the South-West quadrant relative to (0,0)(0,0).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
130📚Basic MathematicsUrdu Literature
درج ذیل شعراء میں سے کس شاعر کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے پکارا جاتا ہے؟
Explanation
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is honored with the title 'Shair-e-Mashriq' (Poet of the East) for his influential poetry and philosophy.
علامہ اقبال کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
131📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies
Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:
Explanation
Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.
ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
132📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Layers & Greenhouse Effect
Where of the following greenhouse gases are present?
Explanation
Greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4,N2OCO_2, CH_4, N_2O, and water vapor) are primarily concentrated in the Troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer extending up to ~12 km), where they trap outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to maintain Earth's thermal equilibrium.
گرین ہاؤس گیسیں بنیادی طور پر کرۂ ہوائی کے نچلے حصے یعنی ٹروپوسفیر (Troposphere) میں موجود ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
133📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyEnergy Resources & Calorific Values
Arrange the following non-renewable fossil fuel in the sequence of higher to lower heating values.
1. Coal
2. Hydrogen
3. Petroleum.
4. Natural Gas
Explanation
Heating (calorific) values: Hydrogen (~142 MJ/kg) > Natural Gas (~50-55 MJ/kg) > Petroleum (~42-45 MJ/kg) > Coal (~20-30 MJ/kg). Arranging in sequence from highest to lowest yields: Hydrogen (2), Petroleum/Gas (3), Coal (1), etc.
حرارتی قدر (Calorific value) کی ترتیب: ہائیڈروجن سب سے زیادہ حرارت پیدا کرتا ہے، اس کے بعد پٹرولیم، گیس اور کوئلہ آتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
134📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementLandfill Siting Buffer Distances
According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
135📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?
Explanation
Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.
ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
136📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationWater (Amendment) Act 1988
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, was amended in 1988 to include a new chapter specifically dealing with
Explanation
The 1988 Amendment to the Water Act strengthened enforcement powers, specifically introducing Section 33A granting the Board power to give binding directions for closure, prohibition, or regulation of industries.
1988 کی ترمیم کے ذریعے آلودگی کنٹرول بورڈ کو صنعتوں کی فوری بندش اور ہدایات جاری کرنے کے اختیارات دیے گئے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
137📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndian Transportation & National Highways
NH-44 is the longest national highway in India with a length of ________ Kilometers running from ________ in the north to ________ in the south.
Explanation
National Highway 44 (NH-44) is the longest highway in India, measuring approximately 3,745 km (and extended up to 4,112 km), connecting Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.
NH-44 ہندوستان کا سب سے لمبا قومی شاہراہ ہے جو سری نگر سے کنیا کماری تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔
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138📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsKarkota Dynasty & Lalitaditya
Who among the following is known as the "Samudra Gupta of Kashmir" due to his significant rule during the Karkota dynasty between 724-761 A.D.?
Explanation
King Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is celebrated as the "Samudragupta of Kashmir" for his extensive military conquests across northern and central Asia and for constructing the magnificent Martand Sun Temple.
کرکوٹا خاندان کے راجہ للتا دتیہ مکتا پیڈ کو اپنی فتوحات کی وجہ سے "کشمیر کا سمدر گپت" کہا جاتا ہے۔
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139📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
He climbed ________ the ladder to get onto the roof.
Explanation
'Up' is the standard preposition of direction used with climb ('climbed up the ladder').
سیڑھی چڑھنے کے لیے 'climbed up' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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140📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
Sheetal rides a bike at an average speed of 40 kmph and reaches her destination in 5 hours. Hemlata covers the same distance in 4 hrs. If Sheetal increases her average speed by 10 kmph and Hemlata increases her average speed by 10 kmph, what would be the difference in their time taken to reach destination?
Explanation
Total distance =40×5=200 km= 40 \times 5 = 200\text{ km}. Hemlata's initial speed =200/4=50 kmph= 200/4 = 50\text{ kmph}. New speeds: Sheetal =50 kmph  ⟹  Time=200/50=4 hrs=240 min= 50\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/50 = 4\text{ hrs} = 240\text{ min}. Hemlata =60 kmph  ⟹  Time=200/60=3 hrs 20 min=200 min= 60\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/60 = 3\text{ hrs } 20\text{ min} = 200\text{ min} (or 48 min difference on exact round-off).
دونوں کے وقت کا فرق 48 منٹ (یا 40 منٹ) بنتا ہے۔
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141📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of 4 km/hr4\text{ km/hr} and returns to Pune at speed of 6 km/hr6\text{ km/hr}. What is his average speed of the entire journey?
Explanation
Average speed =2xyx+y=2×4×64+6=4810=4.8 km/hr= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}.
پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار 2×4×6/(4+6)=4.8 km/hr2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
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142📚General Intelligence & ReasoningOrder and Ranking
In a row of 26 girls, when Sakshi shifted four places towards the left, she become 10th from the left end. What was her earlier position form the right end of the row?
Explanation
Earlier position from left end =10+4=14th= 10 + 4 = 14\text{th}. Position from right end =(Total+1)−Left=(26+1)−14=13th= (\text{Total} + 1) - \text{Left} = (26 + 1) - 14 = 13\text{th}.
دائیں جانب سے ساکشی کی ابتدائی پوزیشن 13ویں تھی۔
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143📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirections and Clocks
Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour hand points to North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?
Explanation
At 6 PM, the hour hand normally points South (6 o'clock). If it points North, the clock is rotated 180∘180^\circ. At 9:15 PM, the minute hand is at 3 (normally East). Rotated 180∘180^\circ, it points West.
9:15 بجے منٹ کی سوئی مغرب (West) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔
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144📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr40\text{ km/hr}. and the rest at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Let total distance be 2D2D. Time =D40+D60=8  ⟹  3D+2D120=8  ⟹  5D=960  ⟹  D=192 km= \frac{D}{40} + \frac{D}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{120} = 8 \implies 5D = 960 \implies D = 192\text{ km}. Total distance =2D=384 km= 2D = 384\text{ km}.
کل سفر کا فاصلہ 2×192=384 km2 \times 192 = 384\text{ km} ہے۔
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145📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
Two men start together to walk to a certain destination, one a 3 km/hr.3\text{ km/hr}. and another 3.75 km/hr3.75\text{ km/hr} The latter arrives half an hour before the former. The distance is:
Explanation
Let distance be DD. Difference in time =D3−D3.75=0.5 hr  ⟹  D3−4D15=0.5  ⟹  D15=0.5  ⟹  D=7.5 km= \frac{D}{3} - \frac{D}{3.75} = 0.5\text{ hr} \implies \frac{D}{3} - \frac{4D}{15} = 0.5 \implies \frac{D}{15} = 0.5 \implies D = 7.5\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ 7.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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146📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndus Valley Civilization
The Harappa Civilization was discovered in 1920-21 by the excavations by
Explanation
Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni discovered and excavated the premier Indus Valley site of Harappa in Montgomery district (Punjab, Pakistan) in 1921 under the direction of Sir John Marshall.
ہڑپہ کی کھدائی اور دریافت 1921 میں دیا رام سہنی نے کی تھی۔
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147📚🌍 General KnowledgeWorld Currencies
What is the currency of South Africa?
Explanation
The South African Rand (ZAR) is the official legal currency of South Africa.
جنوبی افریقہ کی کرنسی رینڈ (Rand) ہے۔
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148📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India
The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?
Explanation
The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.
ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔
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149📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Land Areas & Rankings
Which is the seventh largest country in the world by land area?
Explanation
India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area (approx. 3.287 million sq km), following Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, and Australia.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان دنیا کا ساتواں (7th) سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔
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150📚📖 General EnglishPronoun Order & Error Detection
Directions: Here some part of the sentence has errors and remaining are correct. Find out which part of the given sentence has an error and choose the correct option:
I and my colleague/ have carefully considered the important issues raised by / the report which you sent me and/ we have decided to take the following action.
Explanation
In English etiquette and grammar, the order of pronouns should be Third Person before First Person: "My colleague and I" (not "I and my colleague").
حصہ A میں غلطی ہے، درست انداز 'My colleague and I' ہے۔
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151📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Distance
Two cars with speeds of 20 km/h20\text{ km/h} and 16 km/h16\text{ km/h} travel in opposite directions toward each-other. They meet each other after 60 minutes. Find the initial distance between the starting points of two cars.
Explanation
Relative speed =20+16=36 km/h= 20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}. Time =60 min=1 hour= 60\text{ min} = 1\text{ hour}. Distance =Speed×Time=36×1=36 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}.
باہمی رفتار = 20+16=36 km/h20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}۔ فاصلہ = 36×1=36 km36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km} ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
152📚📐 SurveyingTheory of Errors
Theory of probability can be applied to
Explanation
In surveying, the Theory of Probability and the method of least squares are applicable strictly to Accidental (or random) errors, as they follow Gaussian normal distribution laws. Cumulative (systematic) errors follow definite mathematical laws and can be eliminated by corrections.
سروے میں امکانی تھیوری (Theory of probability) کا اطلاق صرف حادثاتی یا بے ترتیب غلطیوں (Accidental errors) پر ہوتا ہے۔
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153📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsPrincipal Stresses & Pure Shear
The state of pure shear stress is produced by
Explanation
A state of pure shear stress (τ\tau) on a plane inclined at 45∘45^\circ is equivalent to equal principal tensile stress in one direction and an equal principal compressive stress in the mutually perpendicular direction (σ1=+τ,σ2=−τ\sigma_1 = +\tau, \sigma_2 = -\tau).
خالص قینچی تناؤ (Pure shear stress) ایک سمت میں تناؤ اور اس کے عمود برابر دباؤ کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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154📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Valves
Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Name of the valve): a. Reflux valve, b. Sluice valve, c. Pressure relief valve, d. Scour valve
List -2 (Purpose of the valve): 1. Drain out the west water from dead end, 2. Relieving water hammer pressure, 3. Control the flow in the distribution system at corner and pipe junction, 4. Allow the flow only in one direction
Explanation
Reflux (non-return) valve = Flow in one direction only (a-4), Sluice (gate) valve = Regulate flow in pipe junctions (b-3), Pressure relief valve = Relieve water hammer pressure (c-2), Scour (blow-off) valve = Drain silt/water from depressions and dead ends (d-1). Match: a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.
پائپ لائن والوز کا درست ملاپ: a-4، b-3، c-2، d-1 ہے۔
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155📚🚆 Railway EngineeringCreep of Rails
Creep is a phenomenon of
Explanation
Creep of rails is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails in a railway track in the direction of dominant train traffic.
ریل کے کرپ (Creep) سے مراد ٹریک میں ٹرین کے چلنے کی سمت میں پٹریوں کی طولی نقل و حرکت (Longitudinal movement) ہے۔
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156📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringCross Drainage Works: Aqueducts
Direction: The item consists of two statements, one labelled as the 'Statement (I)' and the other as 'Statement (II)'.
Statement (I): Cross drainage structure, aqueduct is constructed to negotiate an aligned channel over, below or at the same level of a stream.
Statement (II): Aqueduct is constructed, when full supply level (FSL) of canal is much higher than high flood level (HFL) of a stream
Explanation
Both statements are individually true facts regarding cross-drainage works. An aqueduct carries a canal over a natural drain where the canal bed is well above the High Flood Level (HFL) of the drainage.
دونوں بیانات انفرادی طور پر درست ہیں (Option B)۔
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157📚🏗️ Design of RCC StructuresTwo-Way Slab Design Provisions
According to I.S.: 456, slabs which span in two directions with corners held down, are assumed to be divided in each direction into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip, is
Explanation
According to IS 456:2000 Annex D, a two-way slab is divided into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip is three-fourths (3/43/4 or 0.75L0.75 L) of the width of the slab, and each edge strip is 1/81/8 (0.125L0.125 L) of the width.
IS 456 کے مطابق ٹو وے سلیب میں مڈل اسٹرپ کی چوڑائی سلیب کی کل چوڑائی کا تین چوتھائی (3/43/4) ہوتی ہے۔
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158📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSimple Lifting Machines
In a lifting machine, an effort of 500 N500\text{ N} is to be moved by a distance of 20 m20\text{ m} to raise a load of 10,000 N10,000\text{ N} by a distance of 0.8 m0.8\text{ m}. Determine the velocity ratio, and mechanical advantage of the machine respectively.
Explanation
Velocity Ratio VR=Distance moved by effortDistance moved by load=20 m0.8 m=25VR = \frac{\text{Distance moved by effort}}{\text{Distance moved by load}} = \frac{20\text{ m}}{0.8\text{ m}} = 25. Mechanical Advantage MA=LoadEffort=10000 N500 N=20MA = \frac{\text{Load}}{\text{Effort}} = \frac{10000\text{ N}}{500\text{ N}} = 20. Values: 25 and 20.
ویلوسیٹی ریشو VR=20/0.8=25VR = 20/0.8 = 25 اور مکینیکل ایڈوانٹیج MA=10000/500=20MA = 10000/500 = 20 ہے۔
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159📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsPipe Flow & Energy Losses
For steady incompressible flow through a closed conduit of uniform cross-section, the direction of the flow will always be
Explanation
For a conduit of uniform cross-section, velocity is constant everywhere (V1=V2V_1 = V_2). Flow occurs naturally in the direction of continuous energy dissipation against frictional losses, which corresponds strictly from higher to lower Piezometric Head (hp=pγ+zh_p = \frac{p}{\gamma} + z).
یکساں کراس سیکشن کے پائپ میں بہاؤ ہمیشہ زیادہ پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ سے کم پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ کی طرف ہوتا ہے۔
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160📚📐 SurveyingCurvature & Refraction Corrections
A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was 100 m100\text{ m}. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is
Explanation
Combined correction formula Ccomb=−0.0673D2 metersC_{comb} = -0.0673 D^2\text{ meters}, where DD is in kilometres. Here D=100 m=0.10 kmD = 100\text{ m} = 0.10\text{ km}. Ccomb=−0.0673×(0.1)2=−0.0673×0.01=−0.000673 mC_{comb} = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.0673 \times 0.01 = -0.000673\text{ m} (subtractive).
مشترکہ تصحیح C = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.000673 میٹر ہے۔
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161📚🏗️ Structural AnalysisApproximate Lateral Load Analysis: Cantilever Method
In the cantilever method of lateral load analysis, which of the following assumptions are made?
(i) The axial force in the beam is zero.
(ii) The intensity of axial stress in each column of a storey is proportional to the horizontal distance of that column from the centre of gravity of all columns of the storey under consideration.
(iii) The total horizontal shear on each storey is divided between the columns of that storey so that each interior column carries twice as much shear as each exterior column.
The correct answer is
Explanation
In the Cantilever Method of approximate lateral frame analysis: 1. A point of inflection occurs at the mid-point of each beam and column, 2. The direct axial stress in a column is proportional to its distance from the centroid of the column group (ii is true), and 3. Axial force in beams is negligible/zero (i is true). Statement (iii) belongs to the Portal method.
کینٹی لیور طریقہ کار میں کالموں کے ایکسیئل تناؤ کا انحصار سینٹرائیڈ سے فاصلے پر ہوتا ہے اور بیم کا ایکسیئل فورس صفر مانا جاتا ہے (i اور ii)۔
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162📚🌊 Hydrology & Flood EstimationEmpirical Flood Formulas
According to Dicken's formula for estimating floods, the peak discharge is proportional to:
(Where AA is catchment area in square kilometres)
Explanation
Dicken's empirical formula for peak flood discharge (widely used in Northern and Central India) is Qp=CD⋅A3/4Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4}, where QpQ_p is proportional to A3/4A^{3/4}.
ڈکنز کے فارمولے کے مطابق سیلابی ڈسچارج Qp=CD⋅A3/4Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4} کیچمنٹ ایریا کے A3/4A^{3/4} کے متناسب ہوتا ہے۔
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163📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance
Flangeway clearance is the distance
Explanation
Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.
فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔
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164📚📊 Construction Project ManagementPERT Uncertainty & Variance
The time estimates obtained from four contractors P, Q, R and S for executing a particular job are as under:
P: to=5,tm=10,tp=13t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=13
Q: to=6,tm=9,tp=12t_o=6, t_m=9, t_p=12
R: to=5,tm=10,tp=14t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=14
S: to=4,tm=10,tp=13t_o=4, t_m=10, t_p=13
Which one of the contractors is more certain about completing the work in time:
Explanation
Certainty is measured by the lowest standard deviation / variance σ=tp−to6\sigma = \frac{t_p - t_o}{6}. For P: σ=(13−5)/6=1.33\sigma = (13-5)/6 = 1.33. For Q: σ=(12−6)/6=1.00\sigma = (12-6)/6 = 1.00. For R: σ=(14−5)/6=1.50\sigma = (14-5)/6 = 1.50. For S: σ=(13−4)/6=1.50\sigma = (13-4)/6 = 1.50. Contractor Q has the minimum uncertainty (σ=1.00\sigma = 1.00) and is therefore the most certain.
سب سے کم فرق اور غیر یقینی (Standard deviation) ٹھیکیدار Q کے تخمینے میں ہے، اس لیے وہ سب سے زیادہ قابل اعتماد ہے۔
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165📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron
Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?
Explanation
The Grid Iron system (interlaced/reticulation network) features interconnected loops and mains without dead ends, allowing continuous multi-directional circulation.
گرڈ آئرن سسٹم (Grid Iron system) کو ریٹیکولیشن سسٹم بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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166📚General EnglishCensus 2011 Data
As per the 2011 Census, which is the least populated state in India?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sikkim is the least populated state with a population of approximately 6.10 lakh (610,577610,577), followed by Mizoram.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔
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167📚General EnglishWorld Sea Routes & Trade
Which is the busiest sea route in the world?
Explanation
The North Atlantic Sea Route (linking industrialized North-Eastern USA and Western Europe) is the busiest and most heavily trafficked maritime oceanic trade route in the world, carrying one-fourth of global foreign trade.
شمالی اوقیانوس کا سمندری راستہ (North Atlantic Route) دنیا کا سب سے مصروف ترین تجارتی بحری راستہ ہے۔
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168📚General EnglishHorticulture in Jammu & Kashmir
Which district is known as 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir'?
Explanation
Shopian district in South Kashmir is famously known as the 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir' because of its vast, high-density, superior-quality apple orchards.
جنوبی کشمیر کے ضلع شوپیاں (Shopian) کو جموں و کشمیر کا 'سیب کا پیالہ' (Apple Bowl of J&K) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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169📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr.40\text{ km/hr.} and the rest at 60 km/hr.60\text{ km/hr.} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Harmonic average speed for two equal distance halves Vavg=2×40×6040+60=4800100=48 km/hV_{avg} = \frac{2 \times 40 \times 60}{40 + 60} = \frac{4800}{100} = 48\text{ km/h}. Total Distance =Speed×Time=48 km/h×8 h=384 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 48\text{ km/h} \times 8\text{ h} = 384\text{ km}.
اوسط رفتار = 48 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ کل فاصلہ = 48 \times 8 = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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170📚General EnglishBoats and Streams
A boat moving upstream takes 8 hours 48 minutes to cover a distance while it takes 4 hours to return to the starting point, downstream. What is the ratio of the speed of boat in still water to that of water current?
Explanation
Upstream time tu=8 h 48 min=8.8 h=445 ht_u = 8\text{ h } 48\text{ min} = 8.8\text{ h} = \frac{44}{5}\text{ h}. Downstream time td=4 ht_d = 4\text{ h}. Since distance is equal: (u−v)×445=(u+v)×4  ⟹  11(u−v)=5(u+v)  ⟹  11u−11v=5u+5v  ⟹  6u=16v  ⟹  uv=166=83(u-v) \times \frac{44}{5} = (u+v) \times 4 \implies 11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 11u - 11v = 5u + 5v \implies 6u = 16v \implies \frac{u}{v} = \frac{16}{6} = \frac{8}{3}. Ratio is 8:3.
فاصلہ برابر ہونے کی وجہ سے: 11(u−v)=5(u+v)  ⟹  6u=16v  ⟹  u:v=8:311(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 6u = 16v \implies u:v = 8:3 ہے۔
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171📚General EnglishNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones
Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?
Explanation
Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.
اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔
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172📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KCensus 2011 Data
According to the census of 2011, which state has the least population in India?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Sikkim is the least populated State in India with a population of 610,577610,577 (Lakshadweep is a Union Territory, not a state).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔
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173📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KDrainage System: West-Flowing Rivers
Which among the following rivers flows from East to West, eventually meeting the Arabian sea?
Explanation
The Narmada River (along with the Tapti) flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and empties into the Arabian Sea at the Gulf of Khambhat.
دریائے نرمدا (Narmada) مشرق سے مغرب کی طرف بہہ کر بحیرہ عرب میں گرتا ہے۔
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174📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KSpeed, Time and Distance
A car is running at a speed of 108 km/hr,108\text{ km/hr}, what distance will it cover in 15 sec?
Explanation
Speed =108 km/h=108×518 m/s=30 m/s= 108\text{ km/h} = 108 \times \frac{5}{18}\text{ m/s} = 30\text{ m/s}. Distance =Speed×Time=30 m/s×15 s=450 meters= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 30\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 450\text{ meters}.
رفتار = 108×518=30 m/s108 \times \frac{5}{18} = 30\text{ m/s}۔ فاصلہ = 30 \times 15 = 450 میٹر ہے۔
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175📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityDirection Sense Test
If a person starts facing north, turns 45 degrees clockwise, then 90 degrees counterclockwise, and finally 135 degrees clockwise, in which direction is the person facing now?
Explanation
Initial: North (0∘0^\circ). Clockwise =+45∘+135∘=+180∘= +45^\circ + 135^\circ = +180^\circ. Counterclockwise =−90∘= -90^\circ. Net rotation =+180∘−90∘=+90∘= +180^\circ - 90^\circ = +90^\circ (East). The person is facing East.
خالص گھماؤ: +45−90+135=+90∘+45 - 90 + 135 = +90^\circ (مشرق کی سمت)۔
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176📚Basic Concepts of ComputersIndian National Movement Chronology
Arrange the following in chronological order (oldest to newest)
a. Swadeshi Movement
b. Non-Cooperation Movement
c. Quit India Movement
d. Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation
Historical chronology: a. Swadeshi Movement (1905), b. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), d. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), c. Quit India Movement (1942). Order: a, b, d, c.
تاریخی ترتیب: سودیشی تحریک (1905)، تحریک عدم تعاون (1920)، سول نافرمانی (1930)، ہندوستان چھوڑ دو تحریک (1942)۔ ترتیب: a, b, d, c۔
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177📚Basic Concepts of ComputersSet Theory & Percentages
In an examination, 34% of the candidates fail in Arithmetic and 42% in English. If 20% fail in Arithmetic and English, the percentage of those passing in both subjects is
Explanation
Total percentage failed in at least one subject =34%+42%−20%=56%= 34\% + 42\% - 20\% = 56\%. Percentage passing in both subjects =100%−56%=44%= 100\% - 56\% = 44\%.
کسی ایک مضمون میں فیل ہونے والے = 34+42−20=56%34 + 42 - 20 = 56\%۔ دونوں میں پاس ہونے والے = 100−56=44%100 - 56 = 44\% ہیں۔
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178📚Basic Concepts of ComputersPage Layout & Orientation
Which of the following is an example of page orientation?
Explanation
Page orientation in word processing and desktop publishing refers to the direction in which a document is displayed or printed, with the two standard options being Portrait (vertical) and Landscape (horizontal).
پیج اورینٹیشن (Page orientation) کی دو اہم مثالیں پورٹریٹ اور لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہیں۔
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179📚General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Choose the correct meaning of the idiom:
"By the skin of your teeth"
Explanation
The idiom 'by the skin of your teeth' means by the narrowest of margins, just barely, or narrowly avoiding disaster/failure.
'By the skin of your teeth' محاورے کا مطلب بال بال بچنا یا بمشکل بچ نکلنا (narrowly avoiding something) ہے۔
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180📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KChamparan Satyagraha 1917
After returning from South Africa, Gandhiji launched his first successful Satyagraha in
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha movement in India at Champaran (Bihar) in 1917 to fight for the rights of indigo farmers oppressed under the Tinkathia system.
جنوبی افریقہ سے واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی نے ہندوستان میں پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ 1917 میں چمپارن (بہار) میں شروع کیا۔
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181📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityCoastal Plains of India
The name of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast represents the south-eastern coastal plain region of the Indian subcontinent between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh.
تامل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈیل کوسٹ (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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182📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityIndian States with Tri-Junction Borders
Which State of India has borders with three countries namely Nepal, Bhutan and China?
Explanation
Sikkim is uniquely bounded by three foreign nations: Nepal to the west, Bhutan to the east, and China (Tibet) to the north.
سکم (Sikkim) تین ممالک یعنی نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین کے ساتھ بین الاقوامی سرحدیں رکھتا ہے۔
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183📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityExtreme Geographic Points of India
The Northernmost place of India, 'Indira Col' is situated in
Explanation
Indira Col (5,764 m5,764\text{ m}), the northernmost point of Indian territory situated on the Siachen Muztagh in the Karakoram Range, lies in the Union Territory of Ladakh.
ہندوستان کا سب سے شمالی نقطہ اندرا کول (Indira Col) مرکز کے زیر انتظام علاقے لداخ (Ladakh) میں واقع ہے۔
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184📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityTunnels & Highways in India
India's longest road tunnel is
Explanation
The Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel) on NH-44 in Jammu and Kashmir is India's longest bi-directional road tunnel, stretching 9.28 km9.28\text{ km} (5.8 miles5.8\text{ miles}).
شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل (چینانی-ناشری ٹنل - 9.28 کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی روڈ ٹنل ہے۔
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185📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilitySet Theory & Percentages
In a school 40% of the students play football and 50% play cricket. If 18% of the students neither play football nor cricket, the percentage of the students playing both is.
Explanation
Percentage playing at least one game =100%−18%=82%= 100\% - 18\% = 82\%. Using union formula: n(F∪C)=n(F)+n(C)−n(F∩C)  ⟹  82%=40%+50%−n(F∩C)  ⟹  n(F∩C)=90%−82%=8%n(F \cup C) = n(F) + n(C) - n(F \cap C) \implies 82\% = 40\% + 50\% - n(F \cap C) \implies n(F \cap C) = 90\% - 82\% = 8\%.
دونوں کھیل کھیلنے والے طلباء کا فیصد = 40+50−(100−18)=90−82=8%40 + 50 - (100 - 18) = 90 - 82 = 8\% ہے۔
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186📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف روانہ ہوا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف منہ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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187📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
City D is to the West of city M. City R is to the South of city D. If city K is to the East to city R, then in which direction is city K located in respect of city D?
Explanation
Taking City D as origin (0,0)(0,0): City R is South (0,−y)(0, -y). City K is East of R (+x,−y)(+x, -y). Relative to City D, City K lies in the South-East quadrant.
شہر D کے لحاظ سے شہر K جنوب مشرق (South-East) میں واقع ہے۔
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188📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
A boy first goes in South direction, then he turns towards left and travels for some distance. After that he turns right and moves certain distance. At last he turns left and travels again for some distance. Now, in which direction is he moving?
Explanation
Sequence: South → Left (faces East) → Right (faces South) → Left (faces East). He is moving in the East direction.
جنوب کی طرف چل کر بائیں (مشرق)، دائیں (جنوب) اور پھر بائیں مڑنے پر وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف جا رہا ہے۔
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189📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles
What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?
Explanation
The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.
پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
190📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology: Vernier Calipers
The least count of a vernier caliper is defined as:
Explanation
Least Count (LC) of a vernier instrument is the difference between the value of 1 Main Scale Division (1 MSD) and 1 Vernier Scale Division (1 VSD), i.e., LC=1 MSD−1 VSDLC = 1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}.
ورنیئر کیلیپر کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ مین اسکیل ڈویژن اور ورنیئر اسکیل ڈویژن کا فرق (1 MSD−1 VSD1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}) ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
191📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Friction & Braking
To stop a car in shortest distance on a horizontal road, one should:
Explanation
Static coefficient of friction (μs)(\mu_s) is greater than kinetic/sliding coefficient of friction (μk)(\mu_k). Applying brakes hard enough to just prevent slipping (impending skidding / threshold braking / ABS) utilizes maximum static friction, yielding the shortest stopping distance.
سب سے کم فاصلے میں کار روکنے کے لیے بریک اس حد تک لگانی چاہیے کہ پہیے پھسلنے سے محفوظ رہیں (تھریش ہولڈ بریکنگ)۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
192📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Column Buckling
Among the following factors, which one does NOT influence the buckling load:
Explanation
Euler's critical buckling load is given by Pcr=π2EILe2P_{cr} = \frac{\pi^2 E I}{L_e^2}. It depends directly on Young's modulus EE, least moment of inertia II, effective length LeL_e, and slenderness ratio λ\lambda. Cross-sectional area alone without its geometrical distribution does not govern Euler column buckling.
آئیولر کے بکلنگ لوڈ کا انحصار ماڈیولس آف ایلاسٹسٹی، سلمبرنس ریشو اور مومنٹ آف انرشا پر ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
193📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Atomic Bonding
In diamond, the nature of the atomic bond is:
Explanation
Diamond consists of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystal structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong sp3sp^3 directional covalent bonds.
ہیرے (Diamond) میں کاربن ایٹمز کے درمیان مضبوط کوویلینٹ بانڈنگ (Covalent bond) پائی جاتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
194📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
How is the creep strength of ceramics when compared to other materials?
Explanation
Ceramics possess extremely high melting points, strong directional ionic/covalent bonds, and low atomic diffusion rates at elevated temperatures, conferring Excellent creep resistance compared to metals and polymers.
سیرامکس میں کرسٹل بانڈنگ انتہائی مضبوط ہونے کی وجہ سے ان کی کریپ مزاحمت بہترین (Excellent) ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
195📚General Awareness & ScienceLatitudinal & Longitudinal Extent of India
Which line passes through India?
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N} latitude) passes through the middle of India, dividing the country into almost two equal halves across 8 Indian States (Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram).
خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer - 23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) ہندوستان کے 8 ریاستوں سے گزرتا ہے۔
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196📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف رخ کر کے چلنا شروع کیا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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197📚General Awareness & ScienceLanguages of North-East India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which of the following states of India?
Explanation
Bodo (Boro), an official language listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is primarily spoken in the state of Assam (Bodoland Territorial Region).
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔
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198📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr.40\text{ km/hr.} and the rest at 60 km/hr.60\text{ km/hr.} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Let total distance =D km= D\text{ km}. D/240+D/260=8  ⟹  D80+D120=8  ⟹  3D+2D240=8  ⟹  5D=1920  ⟹  D=384 km\frac{D/2}{40} + \frac{D/2}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{D}{80} + \frac{D}{120} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{240} = 8 \implies 5D = 1920 \implies D = 384\text{ km}.
کل طے شدہ فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 240}{5} = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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199📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of Indian States
What is the capital of Meghalaya?
Explanation
Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).
ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔
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200📚Basic MathematicsArithmetic Progression & Distance
The speed of a car increases by 2 km after every hour. If the distance travelled in the first one hour was 35 km. What the total distance travelled in 12 hours?
Explanation
Arithmetic Progression with first term a=35 kma = 35\text{ km}, common difference d=2 kmd = 2\text{ km}, number of terms n=12n = 12. Total distance S12=n2[2a+(n−1)d]=6[2(35)+11(2)]=6[70+22]=6×92=552 kmS_{12} = \frac{n}{2} [2a + (n-1)d] = 6 [2(35) + 11(2)] = 6 [70 + 22] = 6 \times 92 = 552\text{ km}.
حسابی سلسلہ (AP): کل فاصلہ S_{12} = 6 \times 92 = 552 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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201📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics: Lens Formula
An object is placed 10 cm from a diverging lens which forms an image 6.5 cm from the lens. What is the focal length of the lens?
Explanation
For a diverging (concave) lens: object distance u=−10 cmu = -10\text{ cm}, virtual image distance v=−6.5 cmv = -6.5\text{ cm}. Using lens formula: 1f=1v−1u=1−6.5−1−10=−213+110=−20+13130=−7130  ⟹  f=−1307≈−18.57 cm≈−18.5 cm\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{-6.5} - \frac{1}{-10} = -\frac{2}{13} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{-20 + 13}{130} = -\frac{7}{130} \implies f = -\frac{130}{7} \approx -18.57\text{ cm} \approx -18.5\text{ cm}.
لینز فارمولے سے فوکل لمبائی f = -18.5 سینٹی میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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202📚General Awareness & ScienceLongitudes & Time Calculations
If Greenwich meridian time is 12 noon, then what will be the time at 45 degree East longitude?
Explanation
Earth rotates 360∘360^\circ in 24 hours   ⟹  15∘\implies 15^\circ per hour (or 1∘1^\circ in 4 minutes). For 45∘ East45^\circ\text{ East} (ahead of GMT): Time difference =45∘15∘/hr=+3 hours= \frac{45^\circ}{15^\circ/\text{hr}} = +3\text{ hours}. Local time =12:00 Noon+3 hours=3:00 PM= 12:00\text{ Noon} + 3\text{ hours} = 3:00\text{ PM}.
45∘45^\circ مشرق پر وقت گرین وچ سے 3 گھنٹے آگے ہوگا، لہذا دوپہر 12 بجے کے بعد سہ پہر کے 3 بجیں گے (3 PM)۔
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203📚Basic MathematicsSet Theory: Venn Diagrams
Among 200 persons, 90 people like Tea while 108 people like Coffee and 46 people like both Tea and Coffee. How many person like neither nor coffee?
Explanation
Number liking at least one beverage: n(T∪C)=n(T)+n(C)−n(T∩C)=90+108−46=152n(T \cup C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T \cap C) = 90 + 108 - 46 = 152. Persons liking neither =200−152=48= 200 - 152 = 48.
دونوں میں سے کچھ بھی پسند نہ کرنے والوں کی تعداد = 200−(90+108−46)=200−152=48200 - (90 + 108 - 46) = 200 - 152 = 48 ہے۔
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204📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length
A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr5\text{ km/hr} crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?
Explanation
Speed v=5 km/hr=5×518=2518 m/sv = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}. Time t=15 min=15×60=900 secondst = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}. Length of bridge =Speed×Time=2518×900=25×50=1250 metres= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}.
پل کی لمبائی = رفتار ×وقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔
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205📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion
A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=DistanceTime=15025=6 m/s\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}. Converting to km/hr\text{km/hr}: 6×185=1085=21.6 km/hr6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}.
سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔
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206📚Basic MathematicsAverages: Weight Inclusions
The average weight of a class of 24 students is 35 kg. If the weight of the teacher be included, the average rises by 400 g. The weight of the teacher is?
Explanation
Total students weight =24×35=840 kg= 24 \times 35 = 840\text{ kg}. New total people =25= 25, new average =35+0.4=35.4 kg= 35 + 0.4 = 35.4\text{ kg}. Total weight =25×35.4=885 kg= 25 \times 35.4 = 885\text{ kg}. Teacher's weight =885−840=45 kg= 885 - 840 = 45\text{ kg}.
استاد کا وزن = 885 - 840 = 45 کلوگرام ہے۔
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207📚Basic MathematicsHCF and LCM: Divisibility and Remainders
The least multiple of 13, which on dividing by 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves remainder 2 in each case is ?
Explanation
LCM(4,5,6,7,8)=840\text{LCM}(4, 5, 6, 7, 8) = 840. Required number is of form 840k+2840k + 2. Testing k=3k=3: 840(3)+2=2520+2=2522840(3) + 2 = 2520 + 2 = 2522. 2522÷13=1942522 \div 13 = 194 (exactly divisible by 13).
13 کا سب سے چھوٹا ضرب جو شرط پوری کرتا ہے 25222522 ہے۔
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208📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras Theorem
From his house, Avinash went to Kapil's house situated 500 m towards the north-east of his own house. From there, both of them went to Varun's house situated 400 m towards the south of Kapil's house. What is the shortest distance between Avinash's current location and his location at the beginning?
Explanation
In right triangle with hypotenuse 500m (NE path) and vertical south leg 400m: By Pythagorean theorem, horizontal base =5002−4002=250000−160000=90000=300 m= \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = \sqrt{250000 - 160000} = \sqrt{90000} = 300\text{ m}.
مختصر ترین فاصلہ = \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = 300 میٹر ہے۔
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209📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Tina is to the 75 m south east of veena. Rina is to the 75 m south west of veena. Tina is to the ________ of Rina?
Explanation
Veena is at origin. Tina is at (+x,−y)(+x, -y) and Rina is at (−x,−y)(-x, -y) on the same horizontal south line. Therefore, Tina is directly to the East of Rina.
ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) کی طرف واقع ہے۔
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210📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Angles & Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise, again 180∘180^\circ anti-clockwise and then 225∘225^\circ clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Initial direction = East (0∘0^\circ). Anti-clockwise turns: +45∘+180∘=+225∘+45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise turn: −225∘-225^\circ. Net rotation =+225∘−225∘=0∘= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. He is still facing East.
مجموعی گھماؤ صفر ڈگری ہے، لہذا وہ اب بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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211📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Rishabh starts walking towards the west. After walking 70 m he turns to the left and walks 35 m straight. He turns left again and walks 30 m, again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 35 m. How far is he from the starting point ?
Explanation
Starts (0,0) → West to (-70, 0) → South to (-70, -35) → East 30m to (-40, -35) → North 35m to (-40, 0). Distance from start (0,0)=40 m(0,0) = 40\text{ m}.
ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 70 - 30 = 40 میٹر ہے۔
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212📚General Awareness & ScienceWorld Happiness Report 2024
In the World Happiness Report 2024, what is India's ranking?
Explanation
In the World Happiness Report 2024 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, India ranked 126th out of 143 surveyed nations.
عالمی خوشحالی رپورٹ 2024 میں ہندوستان کا رینک 126واں ہے۔
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213📚General Awareness & ScienceBattle of Plassey (1757)
The Battle of Plassey was fought in
Explanation
The historic Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company led by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah, establishing British dominance in Bengal.
پلاسی کی جنگ 23 جون 1757 کو لڑی گئی تھی۔
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214📚General Awareness & SciencePhysical Geography: Latitudes & Hemispheres
The southernmost point of peninsular India, that is, Kanyakumari, is
Explanation
Kanyakumari is situated at latitude 8∘4′ N8^\circ 4'\text{ N}, which lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, North of the Equator (0∘0^\circ).
کنیا کماری (8∘4′ N8^\circ 4'\text{ N}) خط استوا (Equator) کے شمال میں واقع ہے۔
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215📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Classical Dances & Origins
Kathak, a classical dance form, originated from
Explanation
Kathak, derived from Sanskrit 'Katha' (storytellers / Kathakars), is a major classical Indian dance form that originated in Northern India, primarily Uttar Pradesh.
کتھک کلاسیکی رقص کی ابتدا شمالی ہندوستان (اتر پردیش) سے ہوئی۔
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216📚General Awareness & ScienceIndus River Basin & Tributaries
Zanskar is a tributary of
Explanation
The Zanskar River is a major north-flowing left-bank tributary of the Indus River, joining it near Nimmu in Ladakh.
دریائے زنسکار، دریائے سندھ (Indus River) کا ایک اہم معاون دریا ہے۔
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217📚General Awareness & ScienceState Folk Dances
Which Indian state celebrate Bihu as a folk dance?
Explanation
Bihu is the most prominent folk dance and cultural festival of the northeastern state of Assam (celebrated as Rongali, Kongali, and Bhogali Bihu).
بیہو (Bihu) رقص ریاست آسام کا روایتی لوک رقص اور تہوار ہے۔
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218📚General Awareness & ScienceEast-Flowing vs West-Flowing Rivers
Which of the following river is not a west flowing river in India?
Explanation
The Rushikulya River is an East-flowing river in Odisha draining into the Bay of Bengal (famous for Olive Ridley turtle nesting). Bharathappuzha, Sabarmati, and Periyar flow west into the Arabian Sea.
دریائے روشیکولیا (Rushikulya) اوڈیشہ کا مشرق کی طرف بہنے والا دریا ہے جو خلیج بنگال میں گرتا ہے۔
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219📚General Awareness & ScienceTropic of Cancer: States Traversed
The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which of the following Indian states?
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It does NOT pass through Assam.
خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer) ریاست آسام سے نہیں گزرتا۔
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220📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of North-Eastern States
What is the capital of Mizoram?
Explanation
Aizawl is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Mizoram. (Imphal is Manipur's capital, Kohima is Nagaland's, Shillong is Meghalaya's).
ریاست میزورم کا دارالحکومت آئیزول (Aizawl) ہے۔
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221📚General Awareness & ScienceWestern Disturbances & Winter Weather in Kashmir
The Kashmir region receives an additional amount of precipitation during the winter brought by which of the following?
Explanation
Winter precipitation (heavy snowfall and rain) across the Kashmir Himalayas is caused by Western Disturbances, which are extratropical cyclonic weather systems originating over the Mediterranean Sea.
کشمیر میں موسم سرما کی برف باری اور بارشیں مغربی ہوائی خلل یعنی ویسٹرن ڈسٹربنس (Western Disturbances) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہیں۔
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222📚General Awareness & ScienceMajor Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna 2023
Who won the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2023?
Explanation
India's premier Men's Badminton doubles duo, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty, were jointly conferred the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2023 for winning Asian Games Gold and reaching World No. 1 ranking.
سال 2023 کا دھیان چند کھیل رتن ایوارڈ بیڈمنٹن جوڑی ساتوک سائراج رینکی ریڈی اور چراغ شیٹی کو دیا گیا۔
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223📚General Awareness & ScienceHemis National Park
Consider the following statements about the Hemis National Park:
1. It is located in eastern Ladakh, Leh district, and is the largest national park in India.
2. Covering 4,400 square kilometers, this park is renowned for high-altitude habitats and Snow leopard safaris.
3. The name 'Hemis National Park' stands for "ten villages" in memory of the ten villages relocated for the park.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are accurate. Statement 3 describes Dachigam National Park ('ten villages'), not Hemis (which is named after the historic Hemis Monastery). Thus, only 1 and 2 are correct.
صرف بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں۔ 'دس گاؤں' کا تعلق داچی گام سے ہے نہ کہ ہیمس نیشنل پارک سے۔
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224📚Basic ReasoningClock & Direction Sense Test
Shalini placed the wall clock on the table in such a way that at 3 P.M. hour hand points to the West. In which direction the minute hand will point at 6.45 P.M.?
Explanation
Standard 3 P.M. hour hand points East (90∘90^\circ). Here it points West (270∘270^\circ), representing a 180∘180^\circ reversal of cardinal directions. At 6:45 P.M., the minute hand normally points to 9 (West). Under the 180∘180^\circ transformed dial, West becomes East.
گھڑی کے رخ کو 180 ڈگری الٹ کرنے پر 6:45 پر منٹ کی سوئی مشرق (East) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔
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225📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras & Vectors
Rihan is facing south. He turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and walks 8 km in the same direction. From there, he again turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and continues walking 6 km in the same direction. How far and in which direction Rihan is, from the starting point?
Explanation
Starting point (0,0) facing South. Turns 90∘90^\circ anticlockwise → faces East, walks 8 km to (8, 0). Turns 90∘90^\circ anticlockwise → faces North, walks 6 km to (8, 6). Shortest distance =82+62=64+36=10 km= \sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{64 + 36} = 10\text{ km}, Direction = North-East.
ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 82+62=10\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = 10 کلومیٹر اور سمت شمال مشرق (North East) ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
226📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Delay Problems
With an average speed of 50 km/hr50\text{ km/hr} a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 40 km/hr40\text{ km/hr} it is late by 24 minutes. The total journey is
Explanation
Time difference =24 minutes=2460=25 hours= 24\text{ minutes} = \frac{24}{60} = \frac{2}{5}\text{ hours}. D40−D50=25  ⟹  5D−4D200=25  ⟹  D200=25  ⟹  D=80 km\frac{D}{40} - \frac{D}{50} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{5D - 4D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies D = 80\text{ km}.
سفر کا کل فاصلہ D = \frac{2}{5} \times 200 = 80 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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227📚Basic MathematicsProbability & Combinations
A committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the probability that the committee has at least 1 woman?
Explanation
Total ways to choose 3 out of 5 people =(53)=10= \binom{5}{3} = 10. Ways to choose committee with NO women (all 3 men) =(33)=1= \binom{3}{3} = 1. Probability of at least 1 woman =1−110=910= 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10}.
کم از کم ایک عورت شامل ہونے کا امکان =1−1/10=9/10= 1 - 1/10 = 9/10 ہے۔
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228📚General Awareness & ScienceTrophic Structure: Food Chains
A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes
Explanation
A linear unidirectional nutritional feeding sequence where nutrients and energy transfer from producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer constitutes a Food Chain.
پودے سے شاکاہاری اور پھر گوشت خور تک غذائی توانائی کی منتقلی کا سلسلہ فوڈ چین (Food chain) کہلاتا ہے۔
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229📚General Awareness & ScienceLatitudes and Longitudes
The distance between the longitude
Explanation
Lines of longitude (meridians) are furthest apart at the Equator (≈111.3 km\approx 111.3\text{ km}) and gradually converge, with the distance between them decreasing to zero at both the North and South Poles.
خطوط طول البلد کے درمیان فاصلہ قطبین (Poles) کی طرف جاتے ہوئے گھٹتا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
230📚General Awareness & ScienceForest Ecology & Monoculture
Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in
Explanation
Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.
ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
231📚General Awareness & ScienceMajor Agricultural Producers
Consider the following pairs:
1. Largest litchi producing state in India — a. West Bengal
2. Cocoa producing state in India — b. Madhya Pradesh
3. Largest wheat-producing states in India — c. Kerala
4. Largest rice producing state in India — d. Bihar
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Litchi = Bihar (1d), Cocoa = Kerala (2c), Wheat = UP/MP (3b), Rice = West Bengal (4a)   ⟹  \implies 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a.
درست جوڑے: لیچی (بہار - 1d)، کوکو (کیرالہ - 2c)، گندم (مدھیہ پردیش - 3b)، چاول (مغربی بنگال - 4a)۔
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232📚General Awareness & ScienceRecognition of State Political Parties
Consider the following statements:
1. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and
2. Wins at least 5 seats is recognised as a state party.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Under Election Commission of India rules, a party is recognized as a State Party if it secures ≥6%\ge 6\% of valid votes and wins at least 2 Assembly seats (not 5 seats). Thus, only Statement 1 is correct.
الیکشن کمیشن کے قوانین کے مطابق کم از کم 6 فیصد ووٹ اور 2 سیٹیں درکار ہوتی ہیں، لہذا صرف بیان 1 درست ہے۔
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233📚General Awareness & ScienceSI Base Units: Length
What is the standard unit of length in the International System of Units?
Explanation
The Metre (m) is the base SI unit of length defined by the distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,4581 / 299,792,458 seconds.
بین الاقوامی نظام اکائیات (SI) میں لمبائی کی بنیادی اکائی میٹر (Meter) ہے۔
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234📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KMiddle East Geopolitics in News
Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?
Explanation
Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.
حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
235📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KJ&K Panchayati Raj Act 1989: Meeting Frequency
What is the minimum requirement on the number of meetings to be conducted by gram panchayat in Jammu and Kashmir.
Explanation
Under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, a Halqa Panchayat / Gram Panchayat is legally mandated to meet at least once a month for administrative business.
جموں و کشمیر پنچایتی راج ایکٹ کے تحت گرام پنچایت کی میٹنگ ماہ میں کم از کم ایک بار (At least once a month) ہونی لازمی ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
236📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.
Conclusions:
1. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance.
2. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.
Explanation
Both conclusions directly address the premise's root problem by asserting that directors should possess specific financial expertise matching institutional roles. Both (1) and (2) follow.
دونوں نتائج (1 اور 2) بیان کے منطقی حل کے طور پر اخذ ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
237📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense: Shadow Problems
One morning, Manish and Ali were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Ali's shadow was exactly to the left of Manish, which direction was Manish facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. If the shadow is to Manish's left, then Manish's left side is West. Therefore, Manish must be facing North.
صبح کے وقت سایہ مغرب میں پڑتا ہے۔ بائیں ہاتھ پر مغرب ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ منیش کا رخ شمال (North) کی طرف ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
238📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance
Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?
Explanation
From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home (0,0)=30 km(0,0) = 30\text{ km}.
گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
239📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Relative Speed
Bombay Express left Delhi for Bombay at 14.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 60 km/h and Rajdhani Express left Delhi for Bombay on the same day at 16.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 80 kmph. How far away from Delhi will the two trains meet?
Explanation
Time gap =2 hours= 2\text{ hours} (14:30 to 16:30). Lead distance =60×2=120 km= 60 \times 2 = 120\text{ km}. Relative speed =80−60=20 km/hr= 80 - 60 = 20\text{ km/hr}. Time to catch up =12020=6 hours= \frac{120}{20} = 6\text{ hours}. Distance from Delhi =80 km/hr×6 hours=480 km= 80\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hours} = 480\text{ km}.
دونوں ٹرینیں دہلی سے 80 \times 6 = 480 کلومیٹر کے فاصلے پر ملیں گی۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
240📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsHeights and Distances: Trigonometry
A person standing on the bank of river finds that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower on the opposite bank is 45∘45^\circ, then which of the following statement is correct?
Explanation
In right triangle formed by tower height hh and river breadth dd: tan⁡45∘=hd  ⟹  1=hd  ⟹  h=d\tan 45^\circ = \frac{h}{d} \implies 1 = \frac{h}{d} \implies h = d. The breadth of the river and height of the tower are identical.
چونکہ tan⁡45∘=1\tan 45^\circ = 1 ہے، اس لیے دریا کی چوڑائی اور ٹاور کی اونچائی برابر ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
241📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsCoordinate Geometry: Intersection of Circles
If two circles (x−1)2+(y−3)2=r2(x - 1)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = r^2 and x2+y2+8x+2y+8=0x^2 + y^2 + 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect in two distinct points, then
Explanation
Circle 1: Center C1(1,3)C_1(1, 3), radius r1=rr_1 = r. Circle 2: Center C2(−4,−1)C_2(-4, -1), radius r2=16+1−8=3r_2 = \sqrt{16 + 1 - 8} = 3. Distance between centers d=(1−(−4))2+(3−(−1))2=25+16=41≈6.4d = \sqrt{(1 - (-4))^2 + (3 - (-1))^2} = \sqrt{25 + 16} = \sqrt{41} \approx 6.4. For intersection in two distinct points: ∣r1−r2∣<d<r1+r2  ⟹  2<r<8|r_1 - r_2| < d < r_1 + r_2 \implies 2 < r < 8.
دو دائروں کے دو مختلف مقامات پر قطع کرنے کی شرط: 2<r<82 < r < 8 ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
242📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KSatellite Launch Trajectories & Orbital Mechanics
Assertion (A): Artificial Satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastwards direction.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Assertion (A) is correct: Satellites are launched eastward to harness Earth's eastward rotational linear speed boost (maximum near the equator). Reason (R) is incorrect because Earth's rotational boost helps attain orbital insertion velocity (~7.8 km/s), NOT escape velocity (11.2 km/s).
دعویٰ (A) درست ہے کہ سیٹلائٹس مشرق کی سمت داغے جاتے ہیں، لیکن وجہ (R) غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مداروی رفتار کے لیے ہوتا ہے نہ کہ فرار کی رفتار (Escape velocity) کے لیے۔
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243📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KProtected Areas & Biosphere Reserves
Where is the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve located in India?
Explanation
India's designated 'Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve' (encompassing Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal, Sarchu, and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the western Himalayas) is located in Himachal Pradesh.
کولڈ ڈیزرٹ بائیوسفیئر ریزرو ہندوستان کی ریاست ہماچل پردیش (پِن ویلی) میں واقع ہے۔
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244📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KEthnic Demographics of North-East India
Consider the following statements:
1. Thadou is a group of people inhabiting Assam.
2. Boro (Bodo) is a group of people inhabiting Manipur.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements have locations reversed: Thadou people are indigenous to Manipur (and parts of Mizoram/Assam hills), whereas the Boro (Bodo) people are indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Hence, Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
تھادو قبیلہ بنیادی طور پر منی پور میں اور بوڈو قبیلہ آسام میں آباد ہے، لہذا دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Neither 1 nor 2)۔
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245📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KState Areas & Rankings
Arrange the following states in descending order on the basis of area:
1. Rajasthan
2. Madhya Pradesh
3. Karnataka
4. Maharashtra
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Ranking by geographical area in descending order: 1. Rajasthan (342,239 sq km, 1) > 2. Madhya Pradesh (308,245 sq km, 2) > 3. Maharashtra (307,713 sq km, 4) > 4. Karnataka (191,791 sq km, 3)   ⟹  1,2,4,3\implies 1, 2, 4, 3.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے نزولی ترتیب: راجستھان (1) → مدھیہ پردیش (2) → مہاراشٹر (4) → کرناٹک (3) یعنی 1, 2, 4, 3۔
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246📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHoly Rivers of Jammu: Devika River
Consider the following statements:
1. Devika river originates in Himachal Pradesh.
2. It holds religious significance as it is revered as the sister of river Ganga.
3. It flows towards western Punjab where it merges with the Ravi River.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is false: The holy Devika River originates at Sudh Mahadev in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir (not HP). Statements 2 and 3 are historically and geographically correct (revered in Nilamata Purana as the elder sister of Ganga and merges into the Ravi system). Thus, 2 and 3 only are correct.
دیویکا ندی اودھمپور (جموں و کشمیر) سے نکلتی ہے (نہ کہ ایچ پی سے) اور اسے گنگا کی بہن مانا جاتا ہے، لہذا صرف بیانات 2 اور 3 درست ہیں۔
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247📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KRailway Zones and Headquarters
In which one of the following places is the headquarters of the North-Eastern Railway located?
Explanation
The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway (NER) zone of Indian Railways is situated at Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. (Guwahati is the headquarters of the Northeast Frontier Railway / NFR).
شمال مشرقی ریلوے (NER) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔
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248📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KExercise Sea Dragon
Consider the following statements:
1. Sea Dragon 22 exercise is designed to practice and discuss Anti-submarine warfare tactics.
2. It is a bilateral annual exercise between India and the US.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Exercise Sea Dragon is a premier multinational Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) exercise held at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. Statement 2 is false: It is a multilateral exercise involving six Indo-Pacific nations (US, India, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea), not a bilateral exercise. Thus, 1 only is correct.
سی ڈریگن مشق آبدوز شکن (Anti-submarine) حکمت عملی پر مبنی کثیر ملکی مشق ہے (صرف بیان 1 درست ہے)۔
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249📚General EnglishDev Dynasty Rulers of Jammu
Which ruler of the Dev Dynasty defeated Mahmud of Ghazni with the combined strength of Jammu hill chiefs?
Explanation
According to Dogra chronicles and the Rajdarshani, Raja Bhuj Dev of Jammu united the hill chieftains and inflicted a defeat on Ghaznavid forces during one of their northern expeditions.
راج درشنی کے مطابق راجہ بھوج دیو (Bhuj Dev) نے جموں کے پہاڑی سرداروں کے ساتھ مل کر غزنوی فوجوں کا مقابلہ کیا۔
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250📚General EnglishLatitudinal Spatial Ordering of J&K Cities
Arrange the following places of Kashmir region from North to South:
1. Kargil
2. Gilgit
3. Banihal
4. Sri Nagar
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Latitudinal North to South sequence: Gilgit (35.92° N, 2) → Kargil (34.55° N, 1) → Srinagar (34.08° N, 4) → Banihal (33.50° N, 3)   ⟹  2,1,4,3\implies 2, 1, 4, 3.
شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: گلگت (2) → کارگل (1) → سری نگر (4) → بانہال (3) یعنی 2, 1, 4, 3۔
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251📚General EnglishGeographical Coordinates & Mountain Ranges
Consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17' and 35°05' North.
2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect (J&K lies between 32°17' N and 37°05' N latitude, not 28°17'). Statement 2 is correct (the northern and western mountainous terrain is flanked by the Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, and Karakoram). Thus, 2 only is correct.
جموں و کشمیر 32°17' سے 37°05' شمالی عرض البلد کے درمیان واقع ہے، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔
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252📚General EnglishTreaty of Amritsar 1846 & Dogra Dynasty
Which ruler of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, ceding Kashmir to Gulab Singh?
Explanation
Maharaja Gulab Singh signed the historic Treaty of Amritsar on 16 March 1846 with the British East India Company, acquiring the hilly territory of Kashmir for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and founding the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے 1846 میں انگریزوں کے ساتھ معاہدہ امرتسر پر دستخط کیے تھے۔
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253📚General EnglishPostal PIN Code Zones of India
Jammu and Kashmir falls under which postal zonal code in India?
Explanation
Under the Indian Postal PIN Code system, Northern Postal Zone 1 covers Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir (PIN codes starting with digits 18 and 19).
جموں و کشمیر ہندوستانی پوسٹل نظام کے زون 1 (Zone 1 - پن کوڈ 18 اور 19) کے تحت آتا ہے۔
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254📚General EnglishKarakoram Glaciers: Siachen
Which glacier lies in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir near the India-Pakistan border?
Explanation
The Siachen Glacier (76 km long, the highest battleground in the world) lies in the eastern Karakoram Range along the Line of Control / NJ9842 near the India-Pakistan border.
سیاچن گلیشیر قراقرم رینج میں پاک بھارت سرحد کے قریب واقع دنیا کا سب سے اونچا محاذ جنگ ہے۔
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255📚General Intelligence & ReasoningTables in MS Word
What is the minimum number of rows and columns that a table in MS Word can have?
Explanation
A valid table in Microsoft Word requires at least one cell, which corresponds to a minimum of 1 row and 1 column.
ایم ایس ورڈ کے ٹیبل میں کم از کم 1 قطار اور 1 کالم (1 row and 1 column) ہو سکتا ہے۔
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256📚Basic MathematicsDirection and Distance: Pythagoras Theorem
Rehana drives 6 km west from her home and turns left and drives 3 km and then turns left again and drives 10 km. What is the shortest distance between her home and office?
Explanation
Coordinates from Home (0,0):
1. 6 km West to (-6, 0)
2. Turns left (South) 3 km to (-6, -3)
3. Turns left (East) 10 km to (-6 + 10, -3) = (4, -3)
Shortest straight-line distance =42+(−3)2=16+9=25=5 km= \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}.
فیثاغورث کے فارمولے سے گھر اور دفتر کا فاصلہ = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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257📚Basic MathematicsDirection Sense Test
Tina is to the 75 m south east of Veena. Rina is to the 75m south west of Veena. Tina is to the _____ of Rina?
Explanation
Veena at (0,0). Rina is South-West at (−75cos⁡45∘,−75sin⁡45∘)(-75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ) and Tina is South-East at (+75cos⁡45∘,−75sin⁡45∘)(+75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ). Both are at the same southward depth. Therefore, Tina lies directly to the East of Rina.
دونوں ایک ہی متوازی خط پر ہیں، اس لیے ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) میں واقع ہے۔
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258📚Basic MathematicsDirection Sense: Angular Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45° anti-clockwise, again 180° anti-clockwise and then 225° clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Sum of rotations: Anticlockwise =+45∘+180∘=+225∘= +45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise =−225∘= -225^\circ. Net angular change =+225∘−225∘=0∘= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. The man remains facing in his original direction: East.
مجموعی زاویائی گردش: +225∘−225∘=0∘+225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ، یعنی وہ ابھی بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف دیکھ رہا ہے۔
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259📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActSpeed, Time and Distance
You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr72\text{ km/hr}, how far distance will your vehicle travel in 20 minutes?
Explanation
Time t=20 minutes=2060=13 hourt = 20\text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} = \frac{1}{3}\text{ hour}. Distance d=Speed×Time=72 km/hr×13 hr=24 kmd = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72\text{ km/hr} \times \frac{1}{3}\text{ hr} = 24\text{ km}.
فاصلہ = رفتار ×وقت: 72 \times \frac{20}{60} = 24 کلومیٹر۔
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260📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActSpeed Limits and Accident Prevention
Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing
Explanation
Calibrating and reducing traffic speed significantly reduces vehicle stopping distance and collision energy, drastically lowering the Number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.
گاڑی کی رفتار کم رکھنے سے سڑک حادثات (Number of crashes) میں نمایاں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔
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261📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActCarriageway Design & Lane Specifications
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way means
Explanation
A 4-lane divided carriageway highway consists of a central physical median dividing two lanes of dedicated traffic flow in each opposite direction (2 lanes up + 2 lanes down = 4 total lanes).
4-لین ڈیوائیڈڈ ہائی وے کا مطلب دونوں سمتوں میں 2، 2 ٹریفک لینز کا ہونا ہے۔
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262📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHand Signals of Traffic Police
Traffic police hand signal: Left arm raised diagonally upwards and right arm bent across chest represents:
Explanation
In traffic regulatory signaling, raising the left hand to block vehicles from the left while extending the right hand guides vehicles from the right to proceed or turn.
ٹریفک پولیس کا یہ اشارہ بائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روک کر دائیں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو گزرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔
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263📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Manual Turn Signals
Driver extending right arm outside and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circular direction represents:
Explanation
Under the Motor Vehicle Driving Regulations, a driver extending the right arm horizontally and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circle signals their intention to turn left.
سیدھے ہاتھ کو باہر نکال کر گھڑیال مخالف گھمانا بائیں مڑنے (Turn left) کا اشارہ ہے۔
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264📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActFlashing Amber Light Rules
Approaching an intersection where the yellow signal light is blinking, you should
Explanation
A flashing amber/yellow signal light requires drivers to slow down, look in all directions, and proceed with caution only after ensuring the intersection is clear and safe.
پیلے رنگ کی ٹمٹماتی بتی پر رفتار دھیمی کریں اور سڑک محفوظ ہونے کی تسلی کر کے احتیاط سے آگے بڑھیں۔
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265📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRelative Spatial Orientation of Indian States
The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is
Explanation
Jammu and Kashmir is situated in northernmost India (32∘–37∘ N32^\circ\text{--}37^\circ\text{ N}, 74∘–78∘ E74^\circ\text{--}78^\circ\text{ E}), which lies directly North-West relative to Bihar (24∘–27∘ N24^\circ\text{--}27^\circ\text{ N}, 83∘–88∘ E83^\circ\text{--}88^\circ\text{ E}).
بہار کے جغرافیائی تناظر میں جموں و کشمیر شمال مغرب (North-West) میں واقع ہے۔
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266📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActComponents of a Map
Among (i) Distance, (ii) Direction, and (iii) Symbol, which are the components of a map?
Explanation
In basic cartography, there are three fundamental essential components of every map: 1. Distance (Scale), 2. Direction (Cardinal orientation / Compass rose), and 3. Symbols (Conventional signs).
نقشے کے تین بنیادی اجزاء فاصلہ، سمت اور علامات (i, ii, iii) سبھی شامل ہیں۔
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267📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Scale Conversions
On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm=100 meter1\text{ cm} = 100\text{ meter}". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then the actual distance between the two locations is
Explanation
Actual distance =15 cm×100 meters/cm=1500 meters=1.5 km= 15\text{ cm} \times 100\text{ meters/cm} = 1500\text{ meters} = 1.5\text{ km}.
حقیقی فاصلہ = 15 \times 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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268📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDirection Sense and Displacement
Your residence is at (R) and office is at (O). You drive 10 km North, 7 km West across a bridge, and 10 km South to reach office (O). With respect to office (O), your residence (R) is located:
Explanation
Coordinates from R(0,0): North 10 km to (0, 10) → West 7 km to (-7, 10) → South 10 km to Office O(-7, 0). Since Office O is 7 km West of Residence R, Residence R is located 7 km due East of Office O.
دفتر (O) سے رہائش گاہ (R) کی پوزیشن 7 کلومیٹر مشرق (7 km due east) کی طرف ہے۔
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269📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMandatory Direction Signs
A blue circular mandatory sign with white arrows pointing straight and left represents:
Explanation
A circular blue sign with white directional arrows indicates a mandatory positive instruction: Compulsory Ahead or Turn Left.
نیلے دائرے میں سیدھا اور بائیں تیر کا نشان لازمی آگے چلنے یا بائیں مڑنے کا حکم دیتا ہے۔
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270📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceHigh-Visibility Safety Garments
If your vehicle has broken down at night, what clothing should be worn to be more visible to traffic?
Explanation
Wearing bright fluorescent retro-reflective high-visibility clothing/vests ensures drivers are easily visible to oncoming headlights from great distances at night.
رات کو گاڑی خراب ہونے پر چمکدار فلورسنٹ یا ریفلیکٹو کپڑے پہننے چاہییں تاکہ دور سے نظر آ سکیں۔
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271📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTyre-Pavement Friction & Hydroplaning
Driving a four wheeler on a wet road is difficult due to
Explanation
Water on road surfaces forms a thin lubricating liquid film that substantially decreases the coefficient of friction and grip between tyre rubber and pavement, increasing stopping distance and risk of hydroplaning.
گیلی سڑک پر ٹائر اور سڑک کے درمیان رگڑ (Friction) کم ہو جاتی ہے جس سے گاڑی پھسلنے کا خطرہ بڑھ جاتا ہے۔
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272📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceSkidding vs Slipping
Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance traveled along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance traveled along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Choose the correct combination:
Explanation
In highway engineering: Skidding occurs when wheels slide without full rotation (path length >> circumferential rotation); Slipping/Spinning occurs when wheels spin in place on low traction surfaces (path length << circumferential rotation). Both statements are true.
اسکیڈنگ اور سلپنگ کے دونوں تکنیکی بیانات 1 اور 2 بالکل درست ہیں۔
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273📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Skidding Causes
Sudden application of brakes on a wet road and improper super elevation may cause
Explanation
Sudden heavy braking on low-friction wet surfaces when lateral forces exceed tyre traction creates severe directional loss of control known as Skidding.
گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے سے گاڑی اسکیڈ (Skidding) کر جاتی ہے۔
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274📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceBraking Distance Calculations
On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other traveling at 20 m/sec20\text{ m/sec} and 10 m/sec10\text{ m/sec} towards each other. Both apply brakes decelerating at 5 m/s25\text{ m/s}^2. What is the total combined distance covered by both buses before coming to a stop?
Explanation
Stopping distance formula s=v22as = \frac{v^2}{2a}:
- For Bus 1: s1=2022(5)=40010=40 ms_1 = \frac{20^2}{2(5)} = \frac{400}{10} = 40\text{ m}
- For Bus 2: s2=1022(5)=10010=10 ms_2 = \frac{10^2}{2(5)} = \frac{100}{10} = 10\text{ m}
Total combined stopping distance required =40+10=50 meters= 40 + 10 = 50\text{ meters}.
دونوں بسوں کا رکنے کے لیے درکار مجموعی فاصلہ = \frac{20^2}{10} + \frac{10^2}{10} = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔
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275📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceLow-Light Driving Precautions
Which of the following is recommended while driving at night on a low-lit street?
Explanation
On poorly illuminated streets at night, drivers should reduce vehicle speed to match stopping sight distance and use properly aligned headlights.
کم روشنی والی سڑک پر آہستہ رفتار میں گاڑی چلانا اور ہیڈ لائٹ کا استعمال کرنا چاہیے۔
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276📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTowing Regulations & Distance Limits
Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is
Explanation
Under Rule 126 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, the towing connection (cable, rope, or tow bar) between the towing vehicle and the towed disabled vehicle shall not exceed 5 meters.
گاڑی کھینچنے والی رسی یا بار کا فاصلہ 5 میٹر (5 meters) سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
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277📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlBelt Drives: V-Belts vs Flat Belts
V-belts are most suitable when the center distance between the driving and driven pulleys is
Explanation
V-belts provide high friction wedging action and are optimally engineered for compact drives with Short center distances between pulleys.
وی بیلٹ (V-belts) کم فاصلے والے پلّیوں کے درمیان پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے بہترین ہوتی ہیں۔
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278📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Specifications: Wheelbase vs Track Width
The "Wheelbase" of a motor vehicle is defined as the distance between the
Explanation
The Wheelbase of a vehicle is the longitudinal distance measured between the center points of the front and rear wheel axles.
وہیل بیس (Wheelbase) سامنے والے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے ایکسل کے درمیانی فاصلے کو کہتے ہیں۔
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279📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlOdometers vs Speedometers
Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the total distance traveled by a motor vehicle?
Explanation
An Odometer (mileometer) is an onboard instrument that measures and records the total cumulative distance traveled by a motor vehicle. (A Speedometer indicates instantaneous velocity).
گاڑی کے طے کردہ کل فاصلے کو اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔
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280📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlStarting System & Battery
Which component supplies electrical power to the starter motor to crank a diesel engine?
Explanation
The rechargeable lead-acid 12V/24V Automotive Battery provides the high surge cranking current required by the electrical starter motor to crank the engine.
ڈیزل انجن کو اسٹارٹ کرنے کے لیے اسٹارٹر موٹر کو بجلی گاڑی کی بیٹری (Battery) فراہم کرتی ہے۔
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281📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHimalayan Ranges North to South Ordering
Arrange the following mountain ranges from north to south order:
1. Pir Panjal
2. Zanskar
3. Dhauladhar
4. Ladakh
Explanation
Trans-Himalayan and Himalayan ranges in North-to-South latitudinal order: Ladakh Range (4) → Zanskar Range (2) → Pir Panjal Range (1) → Dhauladhar Range (3)   ⟹  4,2,1,3\implies 4, 2, 1, 3.
شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: لداخ رینج (4) → زنسکار رینج (2) → پیر پنجال (1) → دھولا دھر (3) یعنی 4, 2, 1, 3۔
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282📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHari Parbat Fort (Koh-e-Maran)
________ is also known as Koh-e-Maran lies on the west of Dal Lake in Srinagar.
Explanation
Hari Parbat Fort (the historic citadel hill fortified by Mughal Emperor Akbar and Afghan Governor Atta Mohammad Khan) is also known as Koh-e-Maran.
ہری پربت قلعہ سری نگر میں واقع ہے جسے کوہ ماران (Koh-e-Maran) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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283🔬General ScienceProminent Leaders and Organizations
Consider the following pairs and identify how many pairs are correct:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose — All India Forward Bloc
2. Chittaranjan Das — First President of Swaraj Party
3. MG Ranade — Father of renaissance of western India
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale — Servants of India Society
Explanation
All four historical pairs are correct: Netaji founded Forward Bloc (1939); C.R. Das was first President of Swaraj Party (1923); Justice M.G. Ranade spearheaded the western Indian social renaissance; Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society (1905).
چاروں تاریخی شخصیات اور ان کے کارنامے بالکل درست میچ ہیں (All four)۔
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284📚Mental Ability / ReasoningJainism under Chandragupta Maurya
Which ancient Indian ruler is credited with the historical spread of Jainism to Karnataka (South India)?
Explanation
Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya abdicated his throne, embraced Jainism under Acharya Bhadrabahu, migrated south to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, and performed sallekhana.
موریا شہنشاہ چندر گپت موریا نے کرناٹک (شراون بیلگولہ) میں جین مت کے پھیلاؤ میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔
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285📚Computer ApplicationsNewton's Laws & Conservation of Momentum
Which of these fundamental physical properties is conserved as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?
Explanation
Because action and reaction forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (F12=−F21F_{12} = -F_{21}), the net internal impulse is zero, establishing the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.
نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون حرکت کا براہ راست نتیجہ لکیری مومینٹم کا بقا (Conservation of Momentum) ہے۔
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286📚Computer ApplicationsPolarization of Light
Which one of the following optical phenomena conclusively proves that light travels as a transverse wave?
Explanation
Polarization (the restriction of electric field vector vibrations to a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is unique to Transverse Waves and cannot occur in longitudinal waves.
پولرائزیشن (Polarization) وہ واحد بصری مظہر ہے جو ثابت کرتا ہے کہ روشنی ایک عرضی لہر (Transverse wave) ہے۔
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287📚Computer ApplicationsLinear Acceleration Formula ($a = \Delta v / \Delta t$)
A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a constant initial velocity of +10 m/s+10\text{ m/s}. When a constant force acts for 4 seconds on it, the body moves with a velocity of 2 m/s2\text{ m/s} in the opposite direction (−2 m/s-2\text{ m/s}). The acceleration produced is:
Explanation
Using kinematics: u=+10 m/su = +10\text{ m/s}, v=−2 m/sv = -2\text{ m/s}, t=4 st = 4\text{ s}. Acceleration a=v−ut=−2−104=−124=−3 m/s2a = \frac{v - u}{t} = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = \frac{-12}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2.
اسراع (Acceleration) کا حساب: a=−2−104=−3 m/s2a = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2۔
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288📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementDirection Sense & Shortest Distance
Sandeep walks 15 km North from his home, turns left and walks 6 km, turns left and walks 10 km, and then turns right and walks 4 km to his destination. Find the shortest straight-line distance between his home and the endpoint.
Explanation
Coordinates from origin (0,0):
1. North 15 km to (0, 15)
2. Left (West) 6 km to (-6, 15)
3. Left (South) 10 km to (-6, 5)
4. Right (West) 4 km to (-10, 5)
Shortest distance =(−10)2+52=100+25=125=55 km= \sqrt{(-10)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{100 + 25} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5}\text{ km}.
فیثاغورث فارمولے سے فاصلہ = \sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5} کلومیٹر ہے۔
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289📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementCoding-Decoding: Opposite Letter Pairs
In a certain code DISTANCE is written as WRHGZMXV. How is HUMANITY written in that code?
Explanation
Opposite letter pair coding (sum of positions =27= 27):
D-W, I-R, S-H, T-G, A-Z, N-M, C-X, E-V.
For HUMANITY: H → S, U → F, M → N, A → Z, N → M, I → R, T → G, Y → B   ⟹  \implies SFNZMRGB.
حروف کے الٹ جوڑوں (Opposite letters) کے مطابق HUMANITY کا کوڈ SFNZMRGB ہے۔
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290📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementRanking and Order Test
Sidharth ranks twenty-fifth (25th) from the bottom and ninth (9th) from the top in a class. How many students are there in the class?
Explanation
Total students formula N=Rank from Top+Rank from Bottom−1=9+25−1=33N = \text{Rank from Top} + \text{Rank from Bottom} - 1 = 9 + 25 - 1 = 33.
طلباء کی کل تعداد = 9+25−1=339 + 25 - 1 = 33 ہے۔
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291📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementDirection Sense: Angular Turns
A girl is facing South (180∘180^\circ). She turns 90∘90^\circ clockwise, then another 45∘45^\circ clockwise, and then 270∘270^\circ anti-clockwise. Which direction is she facing now?
Explanation
Initial angle: South =180∘= 180^\circ. Clockwise rotation =+90∘+45∘=+135∘= +90^\circ + 45^\circ = +135^\circ. Total clockwise angle =180∘+135∘=315∘= 180^\circ + 135^\circ = 315^\circ (North-West). Anti-clockwise turn =315∘−270∘=45∘= 315^\circ - 270^\circ = 45^\circ, which corresponds to North-East.
حتمی زاویہ 45∘45^\circ یعنی شمال مشرق (North East) حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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292📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementSpeed, Time & Distance: Early-Late Problems
A man rides on a motorbike at 18 km/h18\text{ km/h} and reaches his office 6 minutes late. The next day he increases his speed to 27 km/h27\text{ km/h} and reaches the office 10 minutes early. How far is the office from his house in km?
Explanation
Total time difference =6 min late−(−10 min early)=16 minutes=1660 hours= 6\text{ min late} - (-10\text{ min early}) = 16\text{ minutes} = \frac{16}{60}\text{ hours}. Distance D=S1×S2∣S1−S2∣×Δt=18×2727−18×1660=4869×415=54×415=21615=14.4 kmD = \frac{S_1 \times S_2}{|S_1 - S_2|} \times \Delta t = \frac{18 \times 27}{27 - 18} \times \frac{16}{60} = \frac{486}{9} \times \frac{4}{15} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = \frac{216}{15} = 14.4\text{ km}.
فاصلہ = \frac{18 \times 27}{9} \times \frac{16}{60} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = 14.4 کلومیٹر۔
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293📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementCoding-Decoding: Uniform Alphabet Shift
In a certain code language 'TEMPRATURE' is written as 'VGORTCVWTG'. How would 'DIRECTION' be written in the same code language?
Explanation
Each letter is shifted by +2+2 positions:
D(+2)=F, I(+2)=K, R(+2)=T, E(+2)=G, C(+2)=E, T(+2)=V, I(+2)=K, O(+2)=Q, N(+2)=P   ⟹  \implies FKTGEVKQP.
ہر حرف میں 2 کا اضافہ (+2): DIRECTION کا کوڈ FKTGEVKQP بنتا ہے۔
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294📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KTreaty of Amritsar (1846)
Which treaty was signed between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the East India Company, leading to the acquisition of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation
The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16 March 1846 between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company, transferring the Kashmir Valley for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and establishing the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir.
16 مارچ 1846 کو معاہدہ امرتسر (Treaty of Amritsar) کے تحت مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے جموں و کشمیر کی باگ ڈور سنبھالی۔
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295📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KPre-Monsoon Local Storms in India
Consider the following pairs of pre-monsoon storm phenomena:
i. Mango Shower — b. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in the ripening of mangoes
ii. Blossom Shower — a. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in blossoming of coffee flowers
iii. Nor Westers — d. Evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam
iv. Loo — c. Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in Northern plains
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Pre-monsoon rainfall classifications: Mango Showers ripen mangoes in Kerala/Karnataka (i-b); Blossom Showers blossom coffee flowers (ii-a); Nor'westers/Kalbaisakhi are spring thunderstorms in Bengal/Assam (iii-d); Loo are hot dry summer winds in the Northern Plains (iv-c)   ⟹  \implies i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.
مانسون سے پہلے کی بارشیں: مینگو شاور (i-b)، بلاسم شاور (ii-a)، نار ویسٹر (iii-d)، لو (iv-c)۔
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296📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KLaterite Soils Characteristics
Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils of India:
a. Laterite soils of India are generally red in colour.
b. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
c. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
d. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Laterite soils are brick-red due to iron oxides and support plantation crops like Cashew, Tapioca, Tea, and Coffee. Statements (b) and (c) are false because they are highly leached, poor in nitrogen/potash/humus, and found along the Western Ghats, Kerala, and Odisha (not arid Rajasthan/UP).
لیٹرائٹ مٹی سرخ رنگ کی ہوتی ہے (a) اور کاجو و ٹیپیوکا کے لیے بہترین ہے (d)، لہذا a اور d درست ہیں۔
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297📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KLok Sabha Seat Distribution across States
Arrange the following states according to their Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency seats in descending order:
a) West Bengal (42)
b) Maharashtra (48)
c) Bihar (40)
d) Tamil Nadu (39)
Explanation
Lok Sabha seat counts: Maharashtra (48, b) > West Bengal (42, a) > Bihar (40, c) > Tamil Nadu (39, d)   ⟹  \implies b, a, c, d.
لوک سبھا کی نشستیں: مہاراشٹر (48), مغربی بنگال (42), بہار (40), تمل ناڈو (39) یعنی b, a, c, d۔
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298📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KJamboo Zoo at Nagrota
North India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in
Explanation
Jamboo Zoo (spread over 3,200 kanals / 160 hectares along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway) is located at Nagrota in the Jammu district.
شمالی ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا چڑیا گھر 'جمبو زو' نگروٹہ (جموں) میں واقع ہے۔
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299📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KExtreme Weather: Mawsynram Rainfall
The wettest place on Earth is
Explanation
Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India, receives an extraordinary average annual rainfall of nearly 11,872 mm11,872\text{ mm}, making it the wettest place on Earth.
زمین پر سب سے زیادہ بارش والا مقام ماسنرام (Mawsynram, میگھالیہ) ہے۔
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300📚General English & ComprehensionDirection Sense Test
Purusottam walks 5 km towards East to reach Mamata's house. From there he walks 10 km towards North to reach his gym. In which direction is his gym located relative to his home?
Explanation
Coordinates from Home (0,0): East 5 km to (5, 0) → North 10 km to Gym (5, 10). Because both X and Y coordinates are positive, the gym is in the North-East direction from his home.
گھر سے جم کی سمت شمال مشرق (North-East) ہے۔
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301📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following is the hallmark defining characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Explanation
Under DSM-5, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by chronic, excessive, and pervasive anxiety and worry about multiple everyday life domains for at least 6 months.
جنرلائزڈ اینگزائٹی ڈس آرڈر (GAD) کی بنیادی علامت زندگی کے مختلف امور کے بارے میں مسلسل اور شدید بے چینی و پریشانی ہے۔
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302📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)John Rawls' Difference Principle
Which ethical and political theory provides the foundational justification for affirmative action and special welfare provisions for deprived and disadvantaged sections of society?
Explanation
John Rawls' 'Difference Principle' (in A Theory of Justice) asserts that social and economic inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for the least-advantaged members of society, providing the philosophical basis for affirmative action.
جان رولز کا 'ڈفرنس پرنسپل' (Difference Theory) پسماندہ طبقات کو خصوصی مراعات دینے کی بنیاد فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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303📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)Landmark Judgments: D.K. Basu Guidelines
Mandatory guidelines and procedural safeguards governing the arrest and detention of individuals by police were laid down by the Supreme Court of India in which landmark case?
Explanation
In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997), the Supreme Court formulated 11 mandatory guidelines (including arrest memos, medical examinations, and informing relatives) to prevent custodial torture and unlawful detention.
گرفتاری اور حراست سے متعلق تاریخی رہنما اصول سپریم کورٹ نے ڈی کے باسو بنام مغربی بنگال کیس (1997) میں دیے۔
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304📚General EnglishNEP 2020: Medium of Instruction
According to NEP 2020, up to what grade is it preferred to use the mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction?
Explanation
NEP 2020 emphasizes that the medium of instruction should be the mother tongue/local language at least up to Grade 5, but preferably up to Grade 8 and beyond.
قومی تعلیمی پالیسی 2020 کے مطابق کم از کم گریڈ 5 اور ترجیحاً گریڈ 8 اور اس سے آگے تک مادری زبان میں تدریس کی سفارش کی گئی ہے۔
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305📚General EnglishExtreme Geographic Points of India
Consider the following statements about 'Indira Point':
1. It is the southernmost point of India's territory, located at Great Nicobar Island.
2. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
3. It was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1985.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are factually correct: Indira Point (6∘45′ N6^\circ 45'\text{ N}) on Great Nicobar Island was historically known as Pygmalion Point and officially renamed Indira Point in October 1985.
اندرا پوائنٹ کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔
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306📚General EnglishFestivals of North-East India
Which of the following statements about Arunachal Pradesh's Gorsam Kora Festival (celebrated in March 2024) is NOT correct?
Explanation
Statement D is NOT correct: Gorsam Kora is a historic Monpa Mahayana Buddhist festival centered around the 12th-century Gorsam Chorten stupa (modeled after Boudhanath in Nepal) celebrating Buddhist heritage.
بیان D غلط ہے کیونکہ گورسوم کورا فیسٹیول بدھ مت کی ثقافت کا روایتی تہوار ہے۔
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307📚General EnglishLiteracy Statistics across States
Which state in India recorded the lowest literacy rate (61.80%61.80\%) as per the 2011 Census?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bihar recorded the lowest overall literacy rate at 61.80%61.80\% (Male: 71.20%71.20\%, Female: 51.50%51.50\%). Kerala recorded the highest at 94.00%94.00\%.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق بہار کی شرح خواندگی سب سے کم (61.8%) تھی۔
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308📚General EnglishBrahmaputra River Basin & Origin
The mighty Brahmaputra river originates from which geographical source?
Explanation
The Brahmaputra (known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet) originates from the Chemayungdung / Angsi glacier in the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in southwestern Tibet.
دریائے برہم پتر تبت میں مانسروور جھیل کے قریب چیمایونگ دنگ گلیشیر سے نکلتا ہے۔
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309📚General EnglishPlanetary Winds: ITCZ
The low-pressure equatorial belt where the Northeast and Southeast trade winds converge is known as the
Explanation
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the broad equatorial trough of low pressure where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, associated with convective thunderstorms.
خط استوا کے قریب تجارتی ہواؤں کے ملاپ کا خطہ ITCZ (انٹر ٹراپیکل کنورجنز زون) کہلاتا ہے۔
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310📚General EnglishNational Waterway 1 (NW-1)
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) in India connects which two terminals?
Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) extends 1,620 km along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system connecting Prayagraj (Allahabad, UP) to Haldia (West Bengal).
نیشنل واٹر وے 1 (NW-1) الہ آباد (پریاگ راج) کو ہلدیا (مغربی بنگال) سے جوڑتا ہے۔
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311📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KIndira Gandhi Canal Project
The longest irrigation canal in India that originates from Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab and terminates in Rajasthan is the
Explanation
The Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km long) draws water from the Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab to irrigate the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan.
ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی نہر اندرا گاندھی کینال (Indira Gandhi Canal) ہے۔
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312📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KSet Theory & Percentages
In an examination, 77% of students passed in Mathematics and 82% passed in Computer Science. If 72% passed in both subjects, what percentage of students failed in both subjects?
Explanation
Percentage passing at least one subject: P(M∪C)=P(M)+P(C)−P(M∩C)=77%+82%−72%=87%P(M \cup C) = P(M) + P(C) - P(M \cap C) = 77\% + 82\% - 72\% = 87\%. Percentage failing both subjects =100%−87%=13%= 100\% - 87\% = 13\%.
دونوں مضامین میں فیل ہونے والے طلباء کا تناسب =100−(77+82−72)=100−87=13%= 100 - (77 + 82 - 72) = 100 - 87 = 13\% ہے۔
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313📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KDirection & Displacement
Ravi walks 10 km East, turns right and walks 5 km South, turns right and walks 10 km West, and finally turns left and walks 10 km South. What is the shortest distance from his current position to his home?
Explanation
Coordinates: From (0,0) → East 10 km (10, 0) → South 5 km (10, -5) → West 10 km (0, -5) → South 10 km (0, -15). Shortest distance from home (0,0) to final point (0, -15) is exactly 15 km.
گھر سے آخری مقام کا سیدھا فاصلہ 5 + 10 = 15 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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314📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A cyclist travels from A to B at 30 km/h for the first 1/3rd of the distance. Due to mechanical issues, speed drops to 20 km/h for the remaining 2/3rd distance. If total trip takes 8 hours, what is total distance between A and B?
Explanation
Let total distance be DD. Time taken: T=D/330+2D/320=D90+D30=4D90=8 hours  ⟹  D=8×904=180 kmT = \frac{D/3}{30} + \frac{2D/3}{20} = \frac{D}{90} + \frac{D}{30} = \frac{4D}{90} = 8\text{ hours} \implies D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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315📚General Intelligence & ReasoningIdioms & Phrases
Describe the meaning of the idiom: Scrape the barrel
Explanation
'Scrape the barrel' (or scrape the bottom of the barrel) means being reduced to using the worst, least desirable, or last remaining alternatives available.
'Scrape the barrel' کا مطلب مجبوراً سب سے آخری اور کم تر درجے کا ذریعہ استعمال کرنا ہے۔
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316📚General Intelligence & ReasoningMahatma Gandhi's Early Satyagrahas: Champaran
After returning from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha in India at which place in 1917?
Explanation
Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, organized to support oppressed indigo farmers against the tinkathia system.
ہندوستان واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی کا پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ چمپارن (1917, بہار) میں تھا۔
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317📚Computer ApplicationsCoastal Plains of India
The eastern coastal plain stretching along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh is known as the
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast is the coastal region of the southeastern Indian peninsula between Kanyakumari and the Krishna River delta in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
تمل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈل ساحل (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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318📚Computer ApplicationsInternational Borders of Indian States
Which Indian state shares international land borders with three separate countries: Nepal, Bhutan, and China?
Explanation
The Himalayan state of Sikkim is nestled between Nepal to its west, Bhutan to its east, and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to its north.
سکم (Sikkim) کی سرحدیں نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین تینوں ممالک سے ملتی ہیں۔
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319📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
Mohan has to reach Bangalore (500 km away) at 5:30 pm, starting at 7:30 am. He travels the first 200 km at 50 km/hr50\text{ km/hr} and the next 3 hours at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr}. At what speed must he travel the remaining distance to arrive on time?
Explanation
Total time =10 hours= 10\text{ hours}. Time for first 200 km =200/50=4 hours= 200 / 50 = 4\text{ hours}. Next 3 hours at 60 km/hr covers 3×60=180 km3 \times 60 = 180\text{ km}. Distance covered =380 km= 380\text{ km} in 7 hours. Remaining distance =120 km= 120\text{ km} in 3 hours. Required speed =120/3=40 km/hr= 120 / 3 = 40\text{ km/hr}.
باقی 120 کلومیٹر 3 گھنٹوں میں طے کرنے کے لیے مطلوبہ رفتار =1203=40 km/hr= \frac{120}{3} = 40\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
320📚Basic ReasoningFigure Analogy
Select the related shape pattern that completes the analogy.
Explanation
The horizontal mirror inversion preserves alignment with directional pointer `>`.
علامتی الٹاؤ کے اصول کے مطابق `>` درست ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
321📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
Prabudh walks 8 km East, turns right and walks 4 km South, then turns left and walks 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Facing South, turning left makes him face East again. Walking 5 km means he is currently facing East.
جنوب سے بائیں مڑنے کے بعد وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
322📚Basic ReasoningVenn Diagrams & Set Cardinality
In a class of 50 students, 10 play Badminton, 20 play Volleyball, and 4 play both. How many students play neither game?
Explanation
Students playing at least one game: n(B∪V)=10+20−4=26n(B \cup V) = 10 + 20 - 4 = 26. Students playing neither =50−26=24= 50 - 26 = 24.
کوئی بھی کھیل نہ کھیلنے والے طلباء کی تعداد =50−(10+20−4)=24= 50 - (10 + 20 - 4) = 24 ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
323📚General Awareness & ScienceDr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
The 9.28 km Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44 in Jammu & Kashmir was renamed in honor of:
Explanation
In October 2019, India's longest bidirectional road tunnel, the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel in Udhampur/Ramban, was officially renamed the Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel.
چنانی ناشری سرنگ کا نیا نام ڈاکٹر شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل رکھا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
324📚General Awareness & ScienceOceanic Channels: 10 Degree Channel
The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated from each other by the
Explanation
The Ten Degree Channel (10∘ N10^\circ\text{ N} latitude) is a 150 km wide oceanic channel that separates the Andaman Islands to the north from the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.
انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کو 10 ڈگری چینل (Ten Degree Channel) الگ کرتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
325📚General Awareness & ScienceKangchenjunga Peak
Kangchenjunga (8,586 m8,586\text{ m}, the 3rd highest mountain peak in the world) is situated in which Indian state?
Explanation
Mount Kangchenjunga lies directly on the international border between the Indian state of Sikkim and eastern Nepal.
کنچن جنگا چوٹی ہندوستان کی ریاست سکم (Sikkim) میں واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
326📚General Awareness & ScienceWestern Ghats / Sahyadri Range
What is the traditional indigenous name of the Western Ghats mountain range running parallel to India's west coast?
Explanation
The Western Ghats (a UNESCO World Heritage biodiversity hotspot) are traditionally and geographically known as the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.
مغربی گھاٹ کو سہیادری (Sahyadri Range) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
327📚General Awareness & ScienceState Nicknames: Kerala
Which south Indian state's official tourism slogan and moniker is 'God's Own Country'?
Explanation
Kerala is globally marketed and celebrated as 'God's Own Country' due to its lush tropical greenery, serene backwaters, and biodiversity.
'God's Own Country' ریاست کیرالہ (Kerala) کو کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
328📚General Awareness & ScienceSecond Battle of Panipat (1556)
The Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556) was fought between Hemu and the Mughal army during the reign of which Emperor?
Explanation
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the young Mughal Emperor Akbar (led by Bairam Khan) and King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (Hemu), establishing Mughal supremacy in northern India.
پانی پت کی دوسری لڑائی (1556) مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے دور میں ہیمو کے خلاف لڑی گئی۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
329📚General Awareness & ScienceBRICS Member States
Who among the following nations is NOT one of the founding members of the BRICS grouping?
Explanation
BRICS was founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Indonesia is not a founding member of BRICS.
انڈونیشیا برکس (BRICS) کا بانی رکن ملک نہیں ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
330📚Basic MathematicsBasic Arithmetic & Word Problems
There are 3 departments in a college: Physical Sciences, Humanities, and Commerce. There are 125 students in Physical Sciences. The number of students in Humanities is 1/5th1/5th of Physical Sciences. Commerce has 20 students fewer than Physical Sciences and Humanities combined. What is the total number of students studying in the three departments?
Explanation
Physical Sciences =125= 125.
Humanities =1255=25= \frac{125}{5} = 25.
Combined PS + Humanities =125+25=150= 125 + 25 = 150.
Commerce =150−20=130= 150 - 20 = 130.
Total students =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280.
کل طلباء کی تعداد =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280 ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
331📚Basic MathematicsProperties of Equilateral Triangles & Centroid
In an equilateral triangle ABC with side 163 cm16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}, P is the centroid. What is the perpendicular distance of centroid P from side BC?
Explanation
Altitude of equilateral triangle: h=32a=32×163=24 cmh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ cm}.
The distance from centroid P to any base side is the inradius: r=h3=243=8 cmr = \frac{h}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8\text{ cm}.
سینٹرائیڈ کا فاصلہ = \frac{ارتفاع}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
332📚Basic ReasoningLiteracy Statistics across Indian States
According to the Census of India 2011, which states recorded the maximum and minimum literacy rates respectively?
Explanation
In the 2011 Census, Kerala recorded the highest literacy rate at 94.00%, while Bihar recorded the lowest literacy rate at 61.80%.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سب سے زیادہ شرح خواندگی کیرالہ میں اور سب سے کم بہار میں تھی۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
333📚Basic ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A and B travel the same distance at speeds of 9 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. If A takes 11 minutes longer than B, what is the distance travelled by each?
Explanation
Let distance be DD. Difference in time =11 minutes=1160 hours= 11\text{ minutes} = \frac{11}{60}\text{ hours}.
D9−D12=1160  ⟹  4D−3D36=1160  ⟹  D36=1160  ⟹  D=11×3660=39660=6.6 km\frac{D}{9} - \frac{D}{12} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{4D - 3D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = \frac{396}{60} = 6.6\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = 6.6 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
334📚Basic ReasoningFractional Distance Breakdown
Aamir travelled 1800 km by air, which constituted 3/5th3/5th of his total journey. He travelled 1/3rd1/3rd of the whole trip by car, and the remaining distance by train. How many kilometers did he travel by train?
Explanation
Total trip distance =18003/5=1800×53=3000 km= \frac{1800}{3/5} = 1800 \times \frac{5}{3} = 3000\text{ km}.
Distance by Car =13×3000=1000 km= \frac{1}{3} \times 3000 = 1000\text{ km}.
Distance by Train =3000−(1800+1000)=3000−2800=200 km= 3000 - (1800 + 1000) = 3000 - 2800 = 200\text{ km}.
ٹرین کے ذریعے طے شدہ فاصلہ = 3000 - 2800 = 200 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
335📚Basic EnglishLongest National Highway: NH44 / NH7
Which is the longest National Highway in India, running 3,745 km3,745\text{ km} from Srinagar to Kanyakumari (formerly designated as NH-7 in the south)?
Explanation
National Highway 44 (formerly designated as NH-7 for its major central/southern segment) is India's longest highway spanning from Srinagar in J&K to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
ہندوستان کا طویل ترین قومی شاہراہ NH44 (سابقہ NH7) ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
336📚General Awareness & ScienceMartand Sun Temple, Anantnag
The grand 8th-century ruins of the Martand Sun Temple are situated in which district of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation
The Martand Sun Temple is situated atop the Mattan plateau in the Anantnag district of South Kashmir.
مارتنڈ سوریا مندر کے تاریخی کھنڈرات ضلع اننت ناگ (Anantnag) میں واقع ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
337📚General English & ComprehensionWorld Geography & Physical Landforms
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Grand Canyon | I. Canada |
| 2. Lake Winnipeg | II. New Zealand |
| 3. Southern Alps | III. USA |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States (III)
2. Lake Winnipeg is a massive freshwater lake located in Manitoba, Canada (I)
3. Southern Alps is a mountain range extending along much of the length of the South Island in New Zealand (II).
Correct code: 1-III, 2-I, 3-II.
1. ग्रैंड कैन्यन: संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (USA - III)
2. विन्निपेग झील: कनाडा (Canada - I)
3. दक्षिणी आल्प्स पर्वतमाला: न्यूजीलैंड (New Zealand - II)।
सही विकल्प 1-III, 2-I, 3-II है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
338📚General English & ComprehensionPhysical Geography & Mountain Ranges of Ladakh & J&K
Which major mountain range forms the northern boundary of Ladakh, contributing to its isolation and strategic significance?
Explanation
The Karakoram Range (home to K2 and the Siachen Glacier) forms the northern boundary of the Ladakh region, separating it from Central Asia and the Tarim Basin.
काराकोरम पर्वत श्रृंखला (Karakoram Range) लद्दाख की उत्तरी सीमा बनाती है, जिसमें सियाचिन ग्लेशियर और के2 (K2) स्थित हैं।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
339📚General English & ComprehensionCoastal Geography & Famous Beaches of India
Match the Beaches in India (Column -X) with their corresponding states (Column -Y):

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Marina Beach | I. Kerala |
| 2. Kovalam Beach | II. Tamil Nadu |
| 3. Anjuna Beach | III. Goa |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Marina Beach is in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (II)
2. Kovalam Beach is in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (I)
3. Anjuna Beach is in North Goa (III).
Correct matching code: 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.
1. मरीना बीच: तमिलनाडु (II)
2. कोवलम बीच: केरल (I)
3. अंजुना बीच: गोवा (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
340📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 300 m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. The thief and the policeman run at the rate of 10 km/h10\text{ km/h} and 11 km/h11\text{ km/h}, respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 mins?
Explanation
Relative speed of the policeman with respect to the thief:
vrel=11−10=1 km/h=1×1000 m60 min=503 m/minv_{\text{rel}} = 11 - 10 = 1\text{ km/h} = 1 \times \frac{1000\text{ m}}{60\text{ min}} = \frac{50}{3}\text{ m/min}
Distance gained by policeman in 6 minutes:
dgained=503×6=100 metresd_{\text{gained}} = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100\text{ metres}
Distance remaining between them after 6 minutes:
dremaining=300−100=200 metres.d_{\text{remaining}} = 300 - 100 = 200\text{ metres}.
सापेक्ष गति = 11 - 10 = 1 किमी/घंटा = \frac{50}{3} मीटर/मिनट।
6 मिनट में तय की गई अतिरिक्त दूरी = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100 मीटर।
6 मिनट बाद दोनों के बीच शेष दूरी = 300 - 100 = 200 मीटर।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
341📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilityLogical Deduction & Facts
The logic problem presents three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, three more statements (labelled I, II, and III) are given. Determine which of these, if any, is also a fact based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Fact 1: Jasmeen has four children. Fact 2: Two of the children have blue eyes, and two have brown eyes.
Fact 3: Half of the children are girls. Given that the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be true? I: At least one girl has blue eyes.
II: Two of the children are boys. III: The boys have brown eyes.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
From Fact 1 (4 children) and Fact 3 (half are girls = 2 girls), it is a mathematical certainty that the remaining 2 children are boys. Therefore, Statement II must be true. Statements I and III are possibilities but cannot be proven definitively. Hence, II only is a known fact.
तथ्य 1 (4 बच्चे) और तथ्य 3 (आधी लड़कियाँ = 2 लड़कियाँ) से यह 100% निश्चित है कि शेष 2 बच्चे लड़के हैं। अतः केवल कथन II निश्चित रूप से सत्य है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
342📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilityDirection Sense & Linear Arrangements
There are five buildings called D, E, F, G and H in a row (not necessarily in that order). D is to the West of E. H is to the East of F and the West of D, E is to the West of G. Which is the building in the middle?
Explanation
Ordering from West to East based on the given directional clues:
- 'D is West of E' → D < E
- 'H is East of F and West of D' → F < H < D
- 'E is West of G' → E < G
Combining the full sequence from West to East:
F−H−D−E−GF - H - D - E - G
The building positioned exactly in the middle is D.
पश्चिम से पूर्व दिशा में क्रम जमाने पर:
F−H−D−E−GF - H - D - E - G
ठीक मध्य में स्थित भवन 'D' है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
343📚General Intelligence & ReasoningNumber Systems & Divisibility
The least five-digit number exactly divisible by 88 is:
Explanation
The smallest 5-digit number is 10,000.
Dividing 10,000 by 88:
10000=88×113+5610000 = 88 \times 113 + 56
Remainder =56= 56.
To make it divisible by 88, we add (88−56)=32(88 - 56) = 32:
10000+32=10032.10000 + 32 = 10032.
पाँच अंकों की सबसे छोटी संख्या 10000 है।
10000÷88=11310000 \div 88 = 113 (शेषफल = 56)
विभाज्य संख्या =10000+(88−56)=10032= 10000 + (88 - 56) = 10032।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
344📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A train increases its normal speed by 12.5% and reaches its destination 20 minutes earlier. What is the actual (normal) time taken by the train on the journey?
Explanation
Increase in speed =12.5%=18= 12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}.
New speed =S(1+18)=98S= S \left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right) = \frac{9}{8}S.
Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed:
New time T′=89T\text{New time } T' = \frac{8}{9}T
Time saved =T−89T=T9=20 minutes= T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20\text{ minutes}
T=9×20=180 minutes=3 hours.T = 9 \times 20 = 180\text{ minutes} = 3\text{ hours}.
गति में 12.5%=1812.5\% = \frac{1}{8} की वृद्धि   ⟹  \implies नई गति =98= \frac{9}{8} मूल गति।
नया समय =89= \frac{8}{9}मूल समय।
बचाया गया समय = T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20 मिनट \implies T = 180 मिनट = 3 घंटे।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
345📚General Intelligence & ReasoningPercentages & Set Theory
In an examination, 30% and 35% of students, respectively, failed in History and Geography while 27% of students failed in both subjects. If the number of students passing the examination is 372, find the total number of students who appeared in the examination.
Explanation
Percentage of students failing in at least one subject:
%Failed=n(H)+n(G)−n(H∩G)=30%+35%−27%=38%\%\text{Failed} = n(H) + n(G) - n(H \cap G) = 30\% + 35\% - 27\% = 38\%
Percentage of students passing both subjects:
%Passed=100%−38%=62%\%\text{Passed} = 100\% - 38\% = 62\%
Given 62%=37262\% = 372:
Total Students=3720.62=600.\text{Total Students} = \frac{372}{0.62} = 600.
कुल अनुत्तीर्ण छात्र %=30+35−27=38%\% = 30 + 35 - 27 = 38\%।
उत्तीर्ण छात्र %=100−38=62%\% = 100 - 38 = 62\%।
कुल छात्र =37262×100=600= \frac{372}{62} \times 100 = 600।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
346📚General Intelligence & ReasoningNumber Systems & Squares
The least number by which 1470 must be divided to get a number which is a perfect square, is:
Explanation
Prime factorization of 1470:
1470=2×3×5×72=(2×3×5)×72=30×721470 = 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = (2 \times 3 \times 5) \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2
To make the quotient a perfect square (72=497^2 = 49), the unpaired factors 2×3×5=302 \times 3 \times 5 = 30 must be divided out.
Hence, the required least number is 30.
1470 का अभाज्य गुणनखंड =2×3×5×72=30×72= 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2।
पूर्ण वर्ग बनाने के लिए इसे 2×3×5=302 \times 3 \times 5 = 30 से विभाजित करना होगा।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
347📚Basic Concepts of ComputersHeights and Distances & Trigonometry
The top of a 15-metre high tower makes an angle of depression of 60∘60^\circ with the bottom of an electric pole and an angle of depression of 30∘30^\circ with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?
Explanation
Let the height of the tower be H=15 mH = 15\text{ m}, height of the pole be hh, and horizontal distance between them be dd.
From the bottom of the pole:
tan⁡60∘=15d  ⟹  3=15d  ⟹  d=153=53 m\tan 60^\circ = \frac{15}{d} \implies \sqrt{3} = \frac{15}{d} \implies d = \frac{15}{\sqrt{3}} = 5\sqrt{3}\text{ m}
From the top of the pole to top of tower:
tan⁡30∘=15−hd  ⟹  13=15−h53\tan 30^\circ = \frac{15 - h}{d} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}
15−h=5  ⟹  h=15−5=10 metres.15 - h = 5 \implies h = 15 - 5 = 10\text{ metres}.
मीनार की ऊंचाई = 15 मी।
tan⁡60\tan 60^\circ = 15d\frac{15}{d}   ⟹  d=5\implies d = 53\sqrt{3} मी।
tan⁡30\tan 30^\circ = 15−hd\frac{15 - h}{d}   ⟹  \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}   ⟹  15−h=5\implies 15 - h = 5   ⟹  h=10\implies h = 10 मीटर।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
348📚Basic MathematicsTrains & Speed, Time, Distance
A train of 100 meters in length crosses a flyover 500 meters in length at a speed of 90 km/h. How long does it take to cross the flyover?
Explanation
Total distance to cover = Length of Train + Length of Flyover = 100+500=600 m100 + 500 = 600\text{ m}.
Speed of train = 90 km/h=90×518=25 m/s90\text{ km/h} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}.
Time=DistanceSpeed=60025=24 seconds.\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}} = \frac{600}{25} = 24\text{ seconds}.
कुल दूरी = ट्रेन की लंबाई + फ्लाईओवर की लंबाई = 100 + 500 = 600 मीटर।
गति = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 मीटर/सेकंड।
समय = \frac{600}{25} = 24 सेकंड।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
349📚Basic MathematicsMensuration & Area
An elderly person runs on a rectangular ground daily for 20 minutes at the rate of 2.4 km per hour. He finishes 10 rounds of the rectangular ground. If the length is three times the breadth of the rectangle, find the area of the rectangle.
Explanation
Speed =2.4 km/h=2400 m/60 min=40 m/min= 2.4\text{ km/h} = 2400\text{ m} / 60\text{ min} = 40\text{ m/min}.
Total distance in 20 min =40×20=800 m= 40 \times 20 = 800\text{ m}.
10 rounds =800 m  ⟹  = 800\text{ m} \implies Perimeter of ground =80 m= 80\text{ m}.
Perimeter =2(L+B)=80  ⟹  L+B=40= 2(L + B) = 80 \implies L + B = 40.
Given L=3B  ⟹  3B+B=40  ⟹  4B=40  ⟹  B=10 m,L=30 mL = 3B \implies 3B + B = 40 \implies 4B = 40 \implies B = 10\text{ m}, L = 30\text{ m}.
Area of rectangle =L×B=30×10=300 m2= L \times B = 30 \times 10 = 300\text{ m}^2 (standard close option 240/300 m²).
गति =40= 40 मी/मिनट   ⟹  20\implies 20 मिनट में कुल दूरी =800= 800 मीटर।
10 चक्कर =800= 800 मी   ⟹  \implies परिमाप =80= 80मीटर।
2(3B + B) = 80 \implies B = 10 मी, L = 30 मी।
क्षेत्रफल = 30 \times 10 = 300 मी^2।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
350📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
You are standing facing east. You turn 90° clockwise, then 180° counterclockwise, and finally 90° clockwise. What direction are you facing now?
Explanation
Start facing East (90∘90^\circ).
1. Turn 90∘90^\circ Clockwise → South (180∘180^\circ).
2. Turn 180∘180^\circ Counterclockwise → North (0∘0^\circ).
3. Turn 90∘90^\circ Clockwise → East (90∘90^\circ).
You are facing East.
प्रारंभ: पूर्व। 90° दक्षिणावर्त = दक्षिण, फिर 180° वामावर्त = उत्तर, फिर 90° दक्षिणावर्त = पूर्व। अतः अब आप पूर्व दिशा के सम्मुख हैं।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
351📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A person walks 25 meters north, then 12 meters east, and finally 9 meters south. What is the shortest distance to return to the starting point?
Explanation
Net displacement coordinates from origin (0,0)(0, 0):
- North-South: 25−9=16 m North25 - 9 = 16\text{ m North}
- East-West: 12 m East12\text{ m East}
Shortest distance d=162+122=256+144=400=20 metersd = \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{256 + 144} = \sqrt{400} = 20\text{ meters}.
To return to origin, one must travel South-West (20 meters).
शुद्ध विस्थापन: उत्तर = 25−9=1625 - 9 = 16 मी, पूर्व = 1212 मी।
न्यूनतम दूरी =162+122=400=20= \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{400} = 20 मीटर।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
352📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension
Which of the following best explains the impact of the "War of Currents" on electrical systems?
Explanation
The War of Currents between Edison's DC and Tesla/Westinghouse's AC ultimately resulted in Alternating Current (AC) becoming the worldwide standard for high-voltage power transmission and electrical grid distribution.
'करेंट्स के युद्ध' (War of Currents) के परिणामस्वरूप प्रत्यावर्ती धारा (Alternating Current - AC) विश्वव्यापी मानक बनी।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
353📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KMajor Tunnels & Infrastructure in J&K
On what date was the Z-Morh tunnel inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
Explanation
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 6.5-km bi-directional Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, providing all-weather road connectivity to Sonamarg in Ganderbal district on the Srinagar-Leh highway.
प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 जनवरी 2025 को 6.5 किमी लंबी जेड-मोड़ सुरंग (Z-Morh Tunnel) का उद्घाटन किया, जिससे सोनमर्ग के लिए सभी मौसमों में कनेक्टिविटी सुनिश्चित हुई।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
354📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KFolk Festivals of North-East India
Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut, and Pawl Kut festivals are celebrated in which state?
Explanation
Chapchar Kut (spring festival of Jhum cultivation), Mim Kut (maize harvest festival), and Pawl Kut (straw harvest festival) are the three major traditional harvest festivals of the Mizo people in Mizoram.
चापचार कुट, मीम कुट और पावल कुट मिजोरम राज्य के प्रमुख पारंपरिक एवं कृषि उत्सव हैं।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
355📚General Awareness & Current AffairsTraditional Indian Paintings & Visual Arts
Thanjavur painting, a classical art form, is associated with which state in India?
Explanation
Thanjavur (Tanjore) painting is a celebrated indigenous classical South Indian painting style that originated in the town of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, characterized by rich gold foil leaf work, vibrant colors, and glass bead embellishments.
तंजावुर चित्रकला (Thanjavur painting) तमिलनाडु राज्य की एक प्राचीन एवं प्रसिद्ध शास्त्रीय कला शैली है, जिसमें सोने के वर्क का उपयोग किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
356📚General Awareness & Current AffairsBritish Governor-Generals & Policies
The Doctrine of Lapse, a policy used by the British East India Company to annex Indian states, was introduced by which Governor-General of India?
Explanation
The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Governor-General Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856), leading to the annexation of Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Baghat, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur.
'व्यपगत का सिद्धांत' (Doctrine of Lapse / हड़प नीति) गवर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड डलहौजी (1848-1856) द्वारा पेश किया गया था।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
357📚General Awareness & Current AffairsDrainage System & Major Rivers of India
Which of the following is the longest river in India?
Explanation
The Ganga is the longest river flowing within India with a total length of 2,525 km (originating from the Gangotri Glacier and flowing through Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, and West Bengal into the Bay of Bengal).
गंगा नदी भारत की सबसे लंबी नदी है, जिसकी कुल लंबाई 2,525 किलोमीटर है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
358🔬General ScienceClimate & Weather of Jammu and Kashmir
What is the predominant climate of the southern Jammu region?
Explanation
The southern plains and outer hills (Kandi/Shivalik belt) of Jammu Division experience a humid Subtropical Climate characterized by scorching hot summers (up to 45°C), monsoon rains, and mild winters.
जम्मू संभाग के दक्षिणी मैदानी और शिवालिक क्षेत्र की मुख्य जलवायु 'उपोष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु' (Subtropical Climate) है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
359🔬General ScienceDogra Rule & Treaty of Amritsar 1846
The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between Gulab Singh and which of the following parties?
Explanation
The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company (represented by Lord Hardinge), transferring the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees and creating the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.
16 मार्च 1846 को अमृतसर की ऐतिहासिक संधि महाराजा गुलाब सिंह और ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के बीच हस्ताक्षरित हुई थी, जिससे जम्मू-कश्मीर रियासत की नींव पड़ी।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
360📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)Illness Anxiety Disorder
According to DSM 5 TR, Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness without somatic symptoms or only mild in intensity, and high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors and the preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months is called as
Explanation
Illness Anxiety Disorder is defined by intense health anxiety with minimal or absent somatic symptoms lasting at least 6 months.
बिना शारीरिक लक्षणों के गंभीर बीमारी होने की सतत चिंता को 'इल्नेस एंग्जायटी डिसऑर्डर' कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
361📚Psychological Testing & NeuropsychologyAnatomical Terminology & Neuroanatomy
Match the Anatomical Directional Term with its Meaning:

| Term | Meaning |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Anterior | 2. Near or toward the head |
| ii. Posterior | 4. Near or toward the tail |
| iii. Dorsal | 1. Top of the head or back |
| iv. Ventral | 3. Bottom of the skull or front surface of the body |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In neuroanatomy: Anterior (Rostral) = Toward head/front (2); Posterior (Caudal) = Toward tail/back (4); Dorsal = Toward back/top of head (1); Ventral = Toward belly/bottom of skull (3). Code: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.
न्यूरोएनाटॉमी दिशा-निर्देश: Anterior (सिर की ओर - 2), Posterior (पूंछ की ओर - 4), Dorsal (पीठ/शीर्ष - 1), Ventral (उदर/तल - 3)। सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
362📚Psychotherapy & Interventions (CBT, Behavioral)Oncology & Secondary Brain Tumors
What are metastatic tumors?
Explanation
Metastatic tumors originate from primary cancers in other organs (e.g. lung, breast) and are universally malignant and infiltrating (invasive) as they seed into brain parenchyma.
मेटास्टैटिक ट्यूमर (Metastatic tumors) आक्रामक रूप से फैलने वाले और घातक (Infiltrating and malignant) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
363📚Health Psychology & Research MethodologyReality Therapy & Choice Theory (WDEP)
What does "WDEP" stand for in reality therapy?
Explanation
In Reality Therapy / Choice Theory (William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding), the WDEP system stands for: Wants, Direction and Doing, Self-Evaluation, and Planning for change.
रियलिटी थेरेपी में WDEP प्रणाली का अर्थ है: Wants (इच्छाएं), Direction/Doing (दिशा और कर्म), Self-Evaluation (स्व-मूल्यांकन), और Planning (योजना बनाना)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
364📚Health Psychology & Research MethodologySleep Physiology & Polysomnography
State the correct order of stages of sleep:
1. EEG are slower and larger, there are bursts of high-frequency waves (Sleep spindles & K-complexes)
2. Metabolism is at the lowest. EEG waves are entirely of delta waves
3. State of drowsiness, Predominant alpha waves
4. Predominance of delta waves. Some high frequency spindles.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
NREM sleep progression from light to deep slow-wave sleep: Stage 1 / Drowsiness with alpha transitions (3) -> Stage 2 with sleep spindles and slower waves (1) -> Stage 3 with emerging delta waves (4) -> Stage 4 deep slow-wave sleep dominated by delta waves and lowest metabolism (2). Sequence: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2.
नींद के चरणों का क्रम: उनींदापन व अल्फा तरंगें (3) → स्टेज 2 स्पिंडल तरंगें (1) → स्टेज 3 डेल्टा तरंगों का उद्भव (4) → स्टेज 4 गहरी डेल्टा नींद और न्यूनतम चयापचय (2)। सही क्रम: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
365📚AC Fundamentals & Polyphase SystemsEarth Resistance Measurement
When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).
अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
366📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesProperties of Magnetic Field Lines
Consider the following statements about Magnetic Field Lines in a Bar Magnet:
1. Outside the bar magnet, field lines are directed from the South Pole to the North Pole.
2. The lines form closed continuous curves and can never intersect with each other.
3. The magnetic field is strong where field lines are crowded and vice-versa.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is false because outside a magnet, magnetic field lines emerge from the North pole and enter the South pole (they run South to North only inside the magnet).
कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 1 गलत है क्योंकि चुंबक के बाहर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं उत्तरी ध्रुव (North) से दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South) की ओर जाती हैं।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
367📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic Field of a Solenoid
Why is the magnetic field at a point near the center but outside a current-carrying solenoid equal to zero?
Explanation
Outside an ideal long solenoid, the field vectors from opposite sides and adjacent turns point in opposite directions and destructively cancel each other out, resulting in a net external field of approximately zero.
परिनालिका (Solenoid) के बाहर आस-पास के फेरों द्वारा उत्पन्न चुंबकीय क्षेत्र विपरीत दिशा में होने के कारण एक-दूसरे को निरस्त कर देते हैं।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
368📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic vs Electrostatic Forces
Why do two wires carrying current in the same direction attract each other, while two beams of electrons traveling in the same direction repel each other?
Explanation
Current-carrying wires are electrically neutral (equal positive ions and electrons), so there is zero net electrostatic force, and magnetic attraction dominates. In electron beams, there are no neutralizing positive ions, so immense electrostatic Coulomb repulsion vastly exceeds magnetic attraction.
धारावाही तार विद्युत रूप से उदासीन होते हैं इसलिए उनमें केवल चुंबकीय आकर्षण बल लगता है, जबकि इलेक्ट्रॉन पुंजों में तीव्र स्थिर-वैद्युत प्रतिकर्षण बल (Electrostatic repulsion) प्रभावी होता है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
369📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic Fields of Parallel Wires
Two long parallel wires carry currents I1 and I2, where I1 > I2. When both currents flow in the same direction, the magnetic field at a point midway between the wires is measured to be 70 μT. When the direction of I2 is reversed, the magnetic field at the same point increases to 140 μT. What is the value of I1 / I2?
Explanation
At the midpoint, when currents are parallel (same direction), fields oppose: B=k(I1−I2)=70 μTB = k(I_1 - I_2) = 70\ \mu\text{T}.
When anti-parallel (opposite direction), fields add: B′=k(I1+I2)=140 μTB' = k(I_1 + I_2) = 140\ \mu\text{T}.
I1+I2I1−I2=14070=2  ⟹  I1+I2=2I1−2I2  ⟹  I1=3I2  ⟹  I1I2=3:1.\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = \frac{140}{70} = 2 \implies I_1 + I_2 = 2I_1 - 2I_2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies \frac{I_1}{I_2} = 3:1.
समान दिशा में: I1−I2=70I_1 - I_2 = 70 तथा विपरीत दिशा में: I1+I2=140I_1 + I_2 = 140।
I1+I2I1−I2=2  ⟹  I1=3I2  ⟹  I1:I2=3:1\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = 2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies I_1 : I_2 = 3:1।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
370📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesConductivity of Metals
Which option gives the correct arrangement of metals in the ascending order of their electrical conductivity?
Explanation
Electrical conductivity values (highest to lowest): Silver (105%) > Copper (100%) > Gold (70%) > Aluminum (61%). Arranged in ascending order (lowest to highest): Aluminum < Gold < Copper < Silver.
विद्युत चालकता का आरोही (बढ़ता) क्रम: एल्युमिनियम < सोना < तांबा < चांदी (चांदी की चालकता सर्वाधिक होती है)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
371📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesSelf-Inductance & Lenz's Law
A coil has a self-inductance of 5 mH. If the current through the coil increases from 0 to 2 A in 0.2 s, what is the magnitude and direction of the induced EMF?
Explanation
By Lenz's Law and Faraday's Law:
e=−LΔIΔt=−(5×10−3 H)×2−00.2=−5×10−3×10=−0.05 Ve = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}\text{ H}) \times \frac{2 - 0}{0.2} = - 5 \times 10^{-3} \times 10 = -0.05\text{ V}
Magnitude is 0.05 V, opposing the direction of current change.
लेंज के नियम से: e=−LΔIΔt=−(5×10−3)×10=−0.05e = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}) \times 10 = -0.05 V (धारा परिवर्तन की विपरीत दिशा में)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
372📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesFleming's Left and Right Hand Rules
Consider the following statements about Fleming's rules:
1. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of force in an electric motor when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field.
2. Fleming's Right Hand Rule is used to identify the direction of induced current when a conductor moves within a magnetic field which is essential for understanding generator functions.
3. Both of Fleming's rules have practical applications in various electromagnetic devices such as relays, loudspeakers, microphones, galvanometers, and maglev systems.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are correct: Fleming's Left-Hand Rule applies to Motors (FBI: Force, B-field, Current), Fleming's Right-Hand Rule applies to Generators (Induced Current), and both have broad electromagnetic applications.
तीनों कथन सही हैं: फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम मोटर के लिए (1), दायां हाथ नियम जनरेटर के लिए (2), और दोनों के व्यापक अनुप्रयोग हैं (3)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
373📚Wiring Systems, Earthing & SafetyPotential Gradient & Field Theory
What is a voltage gradient?
Explanation
Voltage gradient (or potential gradient) refers to the rate of voltage change/reduction per unit distance across a dielectric medium or resistive conductor path (dV/dxdV/dx).
वोल्टेज प्रवणता (Voltage gradient) दूरी के सापेक्ष वोल्टेज में होने वाली कमी/परिवर्तन की दर (dV/dxdV/dx) है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
374📚Wiring Systems, Earthing & SafetyUniversal Motor & Series Motor on AC
Which type of DC motor can operate on a single-phase AC supply and why?
Explanation
A DC Series Motor (Universal Motor) can operate on AC because when current alternates, the armature current IaI_a and field flux Φ\Phi reverse simultaneously, keeping the developed electromagnetic torque (T∝ΦIaT \propto \Phi I_a) unidirectional in the same direction.
डीसी सीरीज मोटर (यूनिवर्सल मोटर) एसी पर चल सकती है क्योंकि प्रत्यावर्ती धारा में फ्लक्स और आर्मेचर धारा दोनों एक साथ बदलते हैं, जिससे टॉर्क हमेशा एक ही दिशा में धनात्मक रहता है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
375📚Power Generation & DistributionOperating Modes of Induction Motor
Match the operating modes in 3-phase induction motor with their Features:

| Operating Modes | Features |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Motoring Mode | 3) Speed is less than synchronous speed, torque varies from zero to full load as slip varies (0 < s < 1) |
| ii) Generating Mode | 1) Rotor speed exceeds synchronous speed, slip and torque are negative (s < 0) |
| iii) Braking Mode | 2) Supply phase sequence reversed (plugging) to rotate in reverse direction (s > 1) |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching: i) Motoring Mode = 0<N<Ns0 < N < N_s (0<s<10 < s < 1) (3); ii) Generating Mode = N>NsN > N_s (s<0s < 0) driven by prime mover (1); iii) Braking / Plugging Mode = phase sequence swapped, rotor driven against field (s>1s > 1) (2). Code: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.
सही मिलान: i-3, ii-1, iii-2।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
376📚Data Structures & AlgorithmsLoops in C (do-while)
Which loop is guaranteed to execute at least once in C?
Explanation
The `do-while` loop is an exit-controlled loop where the condition is evaluated after executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution.
`do-while` लूप एक एक्जिट-कंट्रोल्ड लूप है जो शर्त की जांच किए बिना कम से कम एक बार अवश्य चलता है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
377📚Database Management Systems (SQL)Graph Theory & Representations
Which of the following statements about graphs are correct?
1. A complete graph contains all possible edges between nodes.
2. In a directed graph, edges have a direction.
3. A graph can be represented using an adjacency matrix or adjacency list.
4. Depth-first search (DFS) is not applicable to cyclic graphs.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because DFS handles cyclic graphs easily by maintaining a boolean visited array to avoid infinite loops. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि DFS विजिटेड एरे की मदद से चक्रीय ग्राफ (Cyclic graphs) पर सफलतापूर्वक काम करता है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
378📚Operating Systems & System ArchitectureOperator Overloading Syntax
Arrange the following steps for overloading a binary operator in C++:
1. Define the operator function
2. Use the operator keyword in the function signature
3. Pass at least one argument of the class type
4. Implement the operator functionality

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Steps for binary operator overloading: 1 (Define prototype) → 2 (Use `operator+` keyword) → 3 (Accept right operand class argument) → 4 (Write logic in function body). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
बाइनरी ऑपरेटर ओवरलोडिंग का क्रम: ऑपरेटर फंक्शन परिभाषित करना (1) → ऑपरेटर कीवर्ड का उपयोग (2) → क्लास टाइप आर्गुमेंट पास करना (3) → बॉडी कार्यान्वित करना (4)। क्रम: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
379📚Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDogri Language & Takri Script
Which script is similar to the "Dogri" language of Jammu?
Explanation
Takri (or Takirilipi / Tankri) is the historic native script of the Dogri language and western Pahari dialects of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh.
डोगरी भाषा की ऐतिहासिक मूल लिपि 'टाकरी लिपि' (Takirilipi) है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
380📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsLaya (Tempo) in Classical Music
Which one of the following is the slowest laya or tempo in Indian Classical Music?
Explanation
In Indian classical music tempo classification: Vilambit Laya (or Ati-Vilambit) is the slow tempo, Madhya Laya is medium tempo, and Drut Laya is fast tempo.
भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में सबसे धीमी लय 'विलंबित लय' (Vilambit laya) होती है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
381📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureLorentz Force & Electron Deflection
A Beam of electrons is travelling in a straight line. If an external magnetic field is introduced perpendicular to the direction of travel of electrons, the electron will _____?
Explanation
According to the Lorentz Force Law (F⃗=−e(v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})), a magnetic field perpendicular to an electron's velocity exerts a magnetic deflecting force perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field lines (causing circular or curved trajectory without changing speed).
लॉरेंट्ज़ बल नियम (F⃗=−e(v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})) के अनुसार, चुंबकीय क्षेत्र इलेक्ट्रॉन को उसके प्रारंभिक वेग और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र दोनों के लंबवत विक्षेपित करता है।
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382📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureDosimeter Energy Dependence
A series of dosimeter are irradiated in water with Co-60 and then with 15MV x-rays. In both cases the dose to the water at the position of the dosimeter was 1Gy. For which dosimeter will the reading for the two energies differ the least.
Explanation
An air-filled ionization chamber calibrated under cavity-gas Spencer-Attix theory has an energy response that is closest to water-equivalent tissue over megavoltage energy ranges (Co-60 to 15 MV), differing by less than 1-2% compared to diodes, films, or TLDs.
आयोनाइज़ेशन चैंबर (Ionization chamber) की ऊर्जा प्रतिक्रिया Co-60 और 15MV एक्स-रे के बीच सबसे कम भिन्न होती है (लगभग ऊर्जा-स्वतंत्र)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
383📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureHDR Brachytherapy Unit Safety Standards
In compliance with the NRC regulations, the leakage radiation levels outside the HDR unit:
Explanation
Under NRC / IAEA radiation safety regulations for High Dose Rate (HDR) remote afterloader brachytherapy units with the source in the shielded home storage position, radiation leakage must not exceed 1 mR/h at a distance of 10 cm from the surface.
NRC नियमों के अनुसार HDR यूनिट के शील्डेड अवस्था में होने पर सतह से 10 cm की दूरी पर लीकेज विकिरण 1 mR/h से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
384📚Radiation Detection & DosimetryOxygen Diffusion & Tumor Hypoxia
The distance to which oxygen can diffuse in tumour cells:
Explanation
Oxygen diffusion in tumor tissue is limited to approximately 70 to 100 micrometers from functional capillaries (Thomlinson & Gray model); beyond this diffusion radius, cells become chronically hypoxic and necrotic.
ट्यूमर कोशिकाओं में ऑक्सीजन की विसरण दूरी केशिका से लगभग 70 माइक्रोमीटर (70 μm70\ \mu\text{m}) होती है, जिसके आगे क्रोनिक हाइपोक्सिया और नेक्रोसिस होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
385📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningUltrasound Pulse-Echo Distance Formula
Bone thickness is equal to:
Explanation
In pulse-echo ultrasound, sound travels to the reflecting bone interface and back (two-way transit time Δt\Delta t). The one-way anatomical thickness is d=c⋅Δt2d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}.
पल्स-इको अल्ट्रासाउंड में परावर्तन समय Δt\Delta t के लिए दूरी का सूत्र d=c⋅Δt2d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2} होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
386📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningUltrasound Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
In ultrasound a 4 MHz transducer has a useful range of 10cm. What is the maximum pulse repetition frequency of this transducer?
Explanation
Speed of sound in soft tissue c=1540 m/s=154,000 cm/sc = 1540\text{ m/s} = 154,000\text{ cm/s}.
Round-trip transit distance for depth d=10 cmd = 10\text{ cm} is 2d=20 cm2d = 20\text{ cm}.
Time required per pulse Δt=20 cm154,000 cm/s≈1.2987×10−4 s\Delta t = \frac{20\text{ cm}}{154,000\text{ cm/s}} \approx 1.2987 \times 10^{-4}\text{ s}.
Maximum PRF=1Δt=15400020=7700 Hz=7.7 kHz.\text{Maximum PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = \frac{154000}{20} = 7700\text{ Hz} = 7.7\text{ kHz}.
10 सेमी गहराई के लिए 2-तरफा दूरी 20 सेमी है। समय Δt=20154000=1.3×10−4\Delta t = \frac{20}{154000} = 1.3 \times 10^{-4} सेकंड। अधिकतम PRF=1Δt=7.7 kHz\text{PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = 7.7\text{ kHz}।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
387📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningTissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) Parameters
Tissue-Maximum ratio (TMR) depends on:
Explanation
Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) is defined as the ratio of dose at a given depth in phantom to dose at dmax⁡d_{\max} at the same point in space. It depends strictly on Beam Energy, Depth (dd), and Field Size (rdr_d), and is completely independent of distance (SAD/SSD).
टिशू-मैक्सिमम रेशियो (TMR) केवल बीम ऊर्जा (Energy), गहराई (Depth) और फील्ड साइज पर निर्भर करता है और दूरी (SAD/SSD) से स्वतंत्र होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
388📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningTissue-Air Ratio (TAR) Properties
TAR is:
Explanation
Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR): 1) At dmax⁡d_{\max}, TAR(dmax⁡,r)=BSF\text{TAR}(d_{\max}, r) = \text{BSF}; 2) Is independent of source distance (SAD); 3) Is standardly used in rotational / isocentric treatment time calculations (All of the above).
टिशू-एयर रेशियो (TAR) dmax⁡d_{\max} पर BSF के बराबर होता है, SAD से स्वतंत्र होता है, और रोटेशनल थेरेपी की गणना में प्रयुक्त होता है (उपरोक्त सभी)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
389📚Radiation Safety, Protection & Quality AssuranceLinear Accelerator Treatment Head Structure
The primary collimator in a linear accelerator is located before the:
Explanation
In a medical linear accelerator treatment head, the components in beam direction are: Electron Gun → Accelerator Tube → Bending Magnet → X-ray Target → Primary Collimator → Flattening Filter / Scattering Foil → Ion Chamber → Secondary Jaws. Thus, the primary collimator is located before the Flattening Filter.
लीनियर एक्सेलेरेटर में प्राथमिक कोलिमेटर (Primary collimator) टार्गेट के बाद और फ्लैटनिंग फिल्टर (Flattening filter) से पहले स्थित होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
390📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingAncient Monuments
The ancient city of Petra, known for its rock - cut architecture, is located in which modern - day country?
Explanation
The rock-cut city of Petra is situated in southwestern Jordan.
पेट्रा की प्रसिद्ध रॉक-कट वास्तुकला जॉर्डन देश में स्थित है।
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391📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingShading and Depth
Which of the following methods is commonly used to create depth in memory drawings?
Explanation
Tonal shading gradients and value contrast imply distance, light, and depth.
दूरी और गहराई दर्शाने के लिए शेडिंग ग्रेडिएंट्स (Shading Gradients) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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392📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPerspective Systems
Match the perspective technique with its description:

Perspective Technique:
1. One-point perspective
2. Two-point Perspective
3. Atmospheric Perspective

Descriptions:
i. Uses multiple vanishing points to represent angles and depth.
ii. Uses a single vanishing point to represent depth from a single angle.
iii. Uses fading colours and detail to create the illusion of distance.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
1-ii (1-point = single VP), 2-i (2-point = multiple VPs), 3-iii (Atmospheric = fading color/contrast).
1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii सही मिलान है।
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393📚Entomology, Microbiology & Plant PathologyBiodiversity Hotspots
The two main characteristic of hotspot are :
Explanation
Norman Myers criteria for a Biodiversity Hotspot: (1) It must contain at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species (>0.5% of world total); (2) It must have lost at least 70% of its original primary habitat.
हॉटस्पॉट के दो मुख्य लक्षण: कम से कम 0.5% स्थानिक प्रजातियां और 70% या अधिक प्राथमिक वनस्पति का ह्रास।
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394📚Evolutionary Biology, Genetics & ZoologyMolecular Evolution
With time molecular distance between organisms increases during evolution largely due to
Explanation
Motoo Kimura's Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution demonstrates that the majority of evolutionary divergence at the molecular sequence level is driven by the steady accumulation of neutral mutations.
तटस्थ उत्परिवर्तन (Neutral mutation) आणविक घड़ी के आधार पर प्रजातियों के बीच आणविक दूरी बढ़ाने का मुख्य कारण है।
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395📚Animal Behaviour, Ecology & Population DynamicsIndian Biodiversity Hotspots
Total number of biological hot spot in India
Explanation
India encompasses 4 recognized Biodiversity Hotspots: (1) The Himalayas, (2) Indo-Burma, (3) Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, and (4) Sundaland (Nicobar Islands).
भारत में 4 प्रमुख जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट हैं (हिमालय, इंडो-बर्मा, पश्चिमी घाट और सुंदरलैंड)।
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396📚Immunology, Cell Biology & Assertion AnalysisMucosal Immunology
Which one of the following immunoglobulins is present in milk and tears?
Explanation
Secretory IgA (dimeric with J-chain and secretory component) is the principal mucosal antibody in tears, saliva, colostrum, and breast milk.
आंसुओं और दूध में स्रावी इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन IgA प्रमुखता से पाया जाता है।
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397📚Dermatopathology & Laboratory MicrobiologyImmunodiagnostic Techniques
Consider the following pairs:
Technique:
i. Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF)
ii. Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF)
iii. Western Blot
iv. Immunohistochemistry

Purpose:
1. Detection of antibody in serum - two step
2. Detection of proteins, using gel electrophoresis
3. Antigen detection in tissue sections
4. Detecting antibody deposition in tissue - single step

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
DIF -> In vivo tissue antibody deposition (4), IIF -> Circulating serum autoantibodies (1), Western blot -> Size-separated protein detection (2), IHC -> Tissue antigen visualization with enzyme chromogen (3).
i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3 सही मिलान है।
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398📚Diagnostic Mycology, Clinical Procedures & EmergenciesKOH Mount Examination
Consider the following statements about the KOH preparation test:
i. Skin scrapings, hair, or nail samples may be examined using this test.
ii. The test relies on the ability of potassium hydroxide to dissolve keratin and leave fungal hyphae intact.
iii. A positive KOH test is definitive for a bacterial infection.
iv. Clusters of yeast with short mycelial forms are diagnostic of dermatophytosis

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i and ii are correct. Statement iii is false (KOH tests for fungal elements); Statement iv is false (spaghetti and meatball pattern is diagnostic of Pityriasis versicolor / Malassezia, not dermatophytes).
कथन i और ii सही हैं। KOH केराटिन को घोलकर फंगल हाइफे को स्पष्ट दिखाता है।
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399📚Diagnostic Mycology, Clinical Procedures & EmergenciesCryptococcus Diagnosis
Consider the following statements regarding Cryptococcus neoformans:
i. India ink preparation is a rapid diagnostic method to identify Cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid.
ii. On histopathological examination, mucicarmine stain highlights the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans.
iii. Sabouraud's dextrose agar can be used for culturing Cryptococcus neoformans.
iv. Gram staining is the most specific method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are correct. Statement iv is false because Gram staining is non-specific for encapsulated yeast.
कथन i, ii, और iii सही हैं (इंडिया इंक और म्यूसीकारमाइन स्टेन से कैप्सूल पहचाना जाता है)।
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400🔬General ScienceKinematics
In negative acceleration, the velocity of a body _______
Explanation
Negative acceleration (retardation or deceleration) acts in the direction opposite to motion, causing the velocity of the body to decrease over time.
ऋणात्मक त्वरण (मंदन/Deceleration) में वस्तु का वेग समय के साथ घटता (Decreases) है।
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401🔬General ScienceIndustrial Microbiology
Which one of the following type of micro-organism is most widely used in industries?
Explanation
Industrial biotechnology utilizes bacteria (antibiotics/enzymes), microalgae (biofuels/pigments), and fungi (yeast fermentation, penicillin).
औद्योगिक स्तर पर बैक्टीरिया, सूक्ष्म शैवाल (Micro algae) और कवक (Fungi) का सर्वाधिक उपयोग होता है।
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402🔬General ScienceVectors and Forces
Which of the following statement is true about force?
Explanation
Force is a vector physical quantity possessing both magnitude and direction.
बल (Force) एक सदिश राशि है जिसमें परिमाण और दिशा (Magnitude and direction) दोनों होते हैं।
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403🔬General ScienceUniform Circular Motion
Suppose a boy is moving with a uniform velocity of 10 m/s on a merry-go-round ride. Which of the following is true of the given scenario?
Explanation
Uniform circular motion involves a continuous change in the direction of velocity, which creates a centripetal acceleration (a=v2ra = \frac{v^2}{r}).
मेले के झूले (वृत्तीय गति) पर गति की दिशा लगातार बदलने के कारण बालक त्वरित गति (Accelerated motion) में है।
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404🔬General ScienceSolar System Astronomy
The coldest planet in the solar system is
Explanation
Neptune is the farthest major planet from the Sun with average temperatures dropping to −214∘C-214^\circ\text{C} (Uranus also records lowest atmospheric temperatures).
सौरमंडल का सबसे ठंडा ग्रह नेपच्यून (Neptune) है।
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405📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTPhysiography of J&K
Between which mountain ranges is Kashmir Valley located
Explanation
The Vale of Kashmir is an intermontane valley nestled between the Great Himalayas (Himadri) to the northeast and the Pir Panjal range to the southwest.
कश्मीर घाटी ग्रेटर हिमालय (हिमाद्रि) और पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला (Himadri-Pir Panjal) के बीच स्थित है।
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406📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTTunnels and Infrastructure in J&K
Which of the following options is the longest all weather road tunnel that has enabled increase in trade and tourism in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44) spans 9.28 km, making it India's longest bi-directional all-weather road tunnel.
डॉ. श्यामा प्रसाद मुखर्जी टनल (चेनानी-नाशरी टनल - 9.28 किमी) जम्मू और कश्मीर की सबसे लंबी ऑल-वेदर रोड टनल है।
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407📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTClimatology of J&K
Which part of the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir has a typical monsoon tropical climate?
Explanation
The southern plain and sub-tropical foothill strip of Jammu division (Kathua, Samba, Jammu plains) experiences a tropical monsoon climate.
जम्मू और कश्मीर का दक्षिणी भाग (Southern part - जम्मू/कठुआ के मैदानी क्षेत्र) मानसूनी उष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु वाला है।
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408📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTSocial Indicators
Which one of the following states is ranked economically at the top but lowest on the basis of sex ratio?
Explanation
Haryana has high per-capita income but recorded the lowest child and overall sex ratio (879 females per 1000 males in Census 2011).
हरियाणा (Haryana) आर्थिक रूप से समृद्ध होने के बावजूद 2011 की जनगणना में सबसे कम लिंगानुपात (879) वाला राज्य था।
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409📚Refrigeration Cycles, Tools & PsychrometricsHVAC Tools & Equipment
Arrange the following AC repair tools in order of price (lowest to highest).
1. Refrigerant Gauge Set
2. Digital Thermometer
3. Vacuum Pump
4. Refrigerant Recovery Machine
5. Manifold Gauge Set
Which of the above is/are correct?
Explanation
Tool price progression (lowest to highest): Digital Thermometer (2) -> Gauge Sets (5/1) -> Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump (3) -> Commercial Refrigerant Recovery Machine (4).
मूल्य का बढ़ता क्रम: डिजिटल थर्मामीटर (2) -> गेज सेट -> वैक्यूम पंप (3) -> रेफ्रिजरेंट रिकवरी मशीन (4)। सही विकल्प B है।
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410📚Comfort Conditions, Insulation, Piping & RefrigerantsThermal Insulation Properties
Which of the following correctly describes thermal insulation types and their properties?
1. Fiberglass insulation is known for its high thermal conductivity and is primarily used for soundproofing.
2. Mineral wool insulation provides both thermal and fire resistance.
3. Aerogel insulation has one of the lowest thermal conductivities, making it ideal for extreme conditions.
4. Spray foam insulation is often used in industrial applications due to its low durability.
Which of the statement is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Fiberglass has low (not high) thermal conductivity, and spray foam insulation possesses high durability.
कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं (खनिज ऊन थर्मल और अग्नि प्रतिरोध प्रदान करती है, और एरोगेल में सबसे कम तापीय चालकता होती है)।
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411📚Electrical Controls, Troubleshooting & Absorption SystemsElectronic Components Fundamentals
Match List-I (Electronic component) to List-II (Function) and select correct answer
List-I:
i. Resistor
ii. Capacitor
iii. Diode
iv. Transistor
v. LED

List-II:
1. Stores electric charge
2. Regulates current flow and provides resistance
3. Amplifies signals or acts as a switch
4. Emits light when current flows through it.
5. Allows current to flow in one direction only

Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
Resistor -> Current regulation (i-2), Capacitor -> Charge storage (ii-1), Diode -> One-way rectifier (iii-5), Transistor -> Switch/Amplifier (iv-3), LED -> Light emission (v-4).
i-2, ii-1, iii-5, iv-3, v-4 सही मिलान है।
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412📚Electrical Controls, Troubleshooting & Absorption SystemsElectrical Wire Joints
Which joint is used in overhead lines for extending the length of the wire (shown in the diagram with twisted interlocked wire turns)?
Explanation
The Western Union splice (Lineman's joint) wraps two conductors around each other and tightly coils them to provide high tensile mechanical strength in overhead wire extensions.
चित्र में सिरोपरि लाइनों (Overhead lines) में तार की लंबाई बढ़ाने के लिए प्रयुक्त वेस्टर्न यूनियन जॉइंट (Western union joint) दिखाया गया है।
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413📚Child Psychology & Disability FrameworksPrinciples of Development
Which of the following statement is correct about the process of development of an individual?
Explanation
Development is multi-dimensional, multi-directional, and shaped by the dynamic interplay of heredity, environment, and sociocultural contexts.
विकास की प्रक्रिया में सांस्कृतिक विविधता (Cultural diversity) पाई जाती है और यह बहुआयामी होती है।
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414📚Curriculum Development & Teaching MethodologiesVygotsky's ZPD
Who give the term Zone of Proximal Development?
Explanation
Lev Vygotsky introduced the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) as the distance between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance/scaffolding.
समीपस्थ विकास का क्षेत्र (Zone of Proximal Development / ZPD) की अवधारणा लेव वायगोत्स्की (Lev Vygotsky) ने दी थी।
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415📚Human Anatomy, Physiology & Public Health ProgrammesCardiovascular System
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Explanation
The Aorta is the largest systemic artery that conveys oxygenated blood under high pressure from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation.
महाधमनी (Aorta) हृदय के बाएं निलय से ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को पूरे शरीर में ले जाती है।
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416📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHHealth Policy Formulation
What is the primary function of the "National Health Policy" in a country's healthcare system?
Explanation
A National Health Policy establishes the visionary blueprint, strategic directions, investment priorities, and regulatory goals guiding resource allocation across the entire national health system.
राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य नीति का मुख्य कार्य समग्र स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र के लिए रणनीतिक दिशाएं, लक्ष्य और प्राथमिकताएं निर्धारित करना (Set strategic directions and goals) है।
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417📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHFamily Planning Spacing
According to the Indian Family Planning Program, which of the following is the recommended spacing between two children?
Explanation
Under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare guidelines, an inter-pregnancy birth interval of at least 3 years (36 months) is recommended to ensure maternal nutritional recovery and infant survival.
भारतीय परिवार नियोजन कार्यक्रम के अनुसार दो बच्चों के बीच कम से कम 3 वर्ष (At least 3 years) का अंतर अनुशंसित है।
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418📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHPostnatal Newborn Care
In postnatal care, what is the most important aspect of monitoring the health of the newborn during the first week after birth?
Explanation
Home-Based Newborn Care (HBNC) guidelines prioritize assessing thermal status (preventing hypothermia), weight gain, umbilical stump hygiene, and exclusive breastfeeding adequacy.
प्रसवोत्तर देखभाल में जन्म के पहले सप्ताह में नवजात के तापमान, वजन और स्तनपान पैटर्न (Temperature, weight, and feeding patterns) की निगरानी सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।
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419📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHExclusive Breastfeeding Duration
What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, according to WHO guidelines?
Explanation
WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding (giving only breast milk without any additional food, liquids, or water) for the first 6 complete months of life.
WHO के अनुसार जन्म के पहले 6 महीने (6 months) तक केवल स्तनपान (Exclusive breastfeeding) कराने की सिफारिश की गई है।
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420📚First Aid, Basic Pharmacology, Inventory & Municipal AdministrationFirst Aid for Animal Bites
In case of a dog bite, which of the following should be done first?
Explanation
Immediate post-exposure prophylaxis for potential rabies dog bites requires vigorously washing all bite wounds and scratches under running tap water with soap for at least 15 minutes to wash out viral inoculum.
कुत्ते के काटने पर रेबीज से बचाव के लिए सबसे पहले घाव को कम से कम 15 मिनट तक साबुन और बहते पानी से अच्छी तरह धोना चाहिए।
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421📚Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry & Reaction IntermediatesThermodynamic vs Kinetic Control
Thermodynamic control of a reaction favours the formation of the product that :
Explanation
Under thermodynamic control (elevated temperatures, reversible equilibrium conditions), the product with the lowest free energy (highest thermodynamic stability) predominates.
ऊष्मागतिकीय नियंत्रण (Thermodynamic control) उस उत्पाद के निर्माण का पक्ष लेता है जो सबसे अधिक स्थायी (Most stable product) होता है।
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422📚Conservation Science, Material Degradation & Preventive ConservationMetal Activity Series
Arrange the following metals in the increasing order of activity (reactivity series):
i) Copper
ii) Zinc
iii) Gold
iv) Silver
v) Lead
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Explanation
Reactivity series from least active (noble) to most active: Gold (AuAu, iii) < Silver (AgAg, iv) < Copper (CuCu, i) < Lead (PbPb, v) < Zinc (ZnZn, ii).
धातुओं की क्रियाशीलता का बढ़ता क्रम: सोना (iii) < चांदी (iv) < तांबा (i) < सीसा (v) < जस्ता (ii)। सही क्रम B (iii, iv, i, v, ii) है।
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423📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsOcular Physiology
What function does change in shape of lens play when it helps the eye focus on near or far vision?
Explanation
Accommodation is the physiological adjustment of optical lens curvature by the ciliary muscle to focus light rays onto the retina across varying focal distances.
निकट या दूर की वस्तुओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने के लिए आंख के लेंस के आकार में होने वाले परिवर्तन को 'समंजन' (Accommodation) कहा जाता है।
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424📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsHearing Aid Typologies
Some persons with hearing impairment prefer to keep their disability hidden. Based on this idea arrange the following in order of how less visible or hidden this type of hearing aid would be from least visible to the most visible:
i. In the ear (ITE)
ii. Completely in the canal (CIC)
iii. Behind the ear (BTE)
iv. In the canal (ITC)
Options:
Explanation
Visibility hierarchy from least visible (most concealed) to most conspicuous: (ii) Completely-in-the-Canal (CIC) -> (iv) In-the-Canal (ITC) -> (i) In-the-Ear (ITE) -> (iii) Behind-the-Ear (BTE).
दृश्यता का बढ़ता क्रम (सबसे अदृश्य से सबसे दृश्य): CIC (ii) -> ITC (iv) -> ITE (i) -> BTE (iii)। सही क्रम C (ii, iv, i, iii) है।
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425📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsHypothesis Testing Directionality
In a given research you are interested in testing the difference between means. Your alternate hypothesis is non directional. Which test will be carried out?
Explanation
A non-directional alternate hypothesis (H1:μ1≠μ2H_1: \mu_1 \ne \mu_2) does not specify the direction of difference, requiring a Two-Tailed statistical significance test splitting α\alpha across both tails.
एक गैर-दिशात्मक परिकल्पना (Non-directional hypothesis) के परीक्षण के लिए 'द्वि-पुच्छीय परीक्षण' (Two-tailed test) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
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426📚Experimental Designs, Psychological Assessment & PsychometricsNon-Parametric Statistical Tests Match
Match the following non-parametric statistical techniques with their purpose:
i. Mann Whitney U Test
ii. Kendall's Tau
iii. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
iv. Kruskal Wallis Test

Purpose:
1. Determine strength and direction of association
2. Compare two independent groups
3. Compares three or more (paired) dependent samples
4. Compare three or more independent groups
5. Compare two (paired) dependent samples

Options:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Mann-Whitney U = 2 independent groups), ii -> 1 (Kendall's Tau = rank association correlation), iii -> 5 (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank = 2 paired dependent samples), iv -> 4 (Kruskal-Wallis = 3+ independent groups).
i-2, ii-1, iii-5, iv-4 सही मिलान है।
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427📚Medical Records Science, Policies & HMISHistory of Medical Records
The first medical record unit was established in which Country?
Explanation
The modern scientific medical record system was pioneered in the United States at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston) in 1821, leading to the creation of the Association of Record Librarians of North America (AHIMA) in 1928.
आधुनिक चिकित्सा अभिलेख इकाई (Medical Record Unit) की शुरुआत संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (United States) में हुई थी।
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428📚Medical Records Science, Policies & HMISDrugs and Cosmetics Act Regulations
What is the maximum retention period for medical records as per the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, for patients treated with controlled substances in India?
Explanation
Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and NDPS statutory rules, registers and prescription records for controlled schedule substances and psychotropics must be preserved for at least 2 to 5 years.
ड्रग्स एंड कॉस्मेटिक्स एक्ट के तहत नियंत्रित दवाओं से संबंधित पर्चे और रिकॉर्ड 5 वर्ष (5 years) तक सुरक्षित रखे जाते हैं।
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429📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed Distance Time
A train is running at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr}. How far will it travel in 2.5 hours?
Explanation
Distance=Speed×Time=60 km/h×2.5 h=150 km\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 60\text{ km/h} \times 2.5\text{ h} = 150\text{ km}.
दूरी =60×2.5=150= 60 \times 2.5 = 150 किमी।
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430📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeDirection and Shadows Reasoning
One morning Ajay and Vijay were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Vijay's shadow was exactly to the left of Ajay, which direction was Ajay facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun is in the East, so shadows fall towards the West. If the shadow is to the left of Ajay, Ajay's left is West. Facing North puts West to the left. Therefore, Ajay was facing North.
सुबह सूर्य पूर्व में होता है जिससे छाया पश्चिम में पड़ती है। यदि छाया अजय के बाईं ओर है, तो अजय का बायां पश्चिम है, अर्थात अजय उत्तर (North) दिशा की ओर मुंह करके खड़ा है।
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431📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeDirection Sense Test
Rasik walked 20m towards North. Then he turned right and walked 30m. Then he turns right and walks 35m. Then he turns left and walks 15m. Finally, he turns left and walks 15m. In which direction and how many meters is he from the starting position?
Explanation
North +20m, East +30m, South -35m (net: -15m South, +30m East), East +15m (net: -15m South, +45m East), North +15m (net: 0m North-South, +45m East). Final position: 45m East of origin.
उत्तर 20m, दाएं 30m, दाएं 35m, बाएं 15m, बाएं 15m। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से अंतिम स्थिति 45 मीटर पूर्व (45m East) है।
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432📚Classical Talas, Aesthetics (Rasa-Bhava) & StylisticsPashchim vs Purab Baj
Which Gharana of Tabla is regarded as Gharana of Pashchim Baj?
Explanation
Delhi and Ajrada Gharanas constitute the 'Pashchim Baj' (Western style - delicate kinar/two-finger technique), while Lucknow, Farrukhabad, and Banaras form the 'Purab Baj'.
पश्चिमी बाज (Pashchim Baj) के अंतर्गत 'अजराड़ा घराना' (Ajrada) और दिल्ली घराना आते हैं।
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433📚Carnatic Tala System, Acoustics of Tabla & MaestrosHindustani Laghu Value
How many Matras are there of Laghu in North Indian Music?
Explanation
In Hindustani classical musicology, a Laghu represents a standard single beat / 1 matra duration (or 4 matras in ancient classical prana notation).
उत्तर भारतीय संगीत में सामान्यतः लघु का मान 1 मात्रा (One matra) माना जाता है।
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434📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following Country is not a member of BRICS?
Explanation
BRICS was originally founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (Indonesia is not a founding member).
दिए गए विकल्पों में 'इंडोनेशिया' (Indonesia) BRICS का सदस्य नहीं है।
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435📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsWorld Physical Geography
The mysterious Bermuda Triangle is located in
Explanation
The Bermuda Triangle (Devil's Triangle) is loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico.
रहस्यमयी बरमूडा ट्रायंगल 'उत्तरी अटलांटिक महासागर' (North Atlantic Ocean) में स्थित है।
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436📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsNobel Prizes 2024
In 2024, Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to
Explanation
South Korean author Han Kang was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature 'for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life'.
वर्ष 2024 का साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार दक्षिण कोरियाई लेखिका 'हान कांग' (Han Kang) को प्रदान किया गया।
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437📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsReligious Heritage of J&K
Utterbehni of J&K, a religious place situated on the bank of legendary Devika is located in
Explanation
Utterbehni (known as Uttarvahini where the sacred Devika river flows northwards) is a historic pilgrimage destination situated in Samba district, Jammu division.
पवित्र देविका नदी के तट पर स्थित धार्मिक स्थल उत्तरबेहनी (Utterbehni) 'सांभा' (Samba) जिले में स्थित है।
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438📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityRelative Speed Distance
Ajay and Vijay travel from A to B at 17 km/hr17\text{ km/hr} and 19 km/hr19\text{ km/hr}, respectively. A is 72 km72\text{ km} away from B. Vijay reaches B first and returns immediately and meets Ajay at C. Find B to C distance?
Explanation
Total distance covered by Ajay and Vijay combined =2×72=144 km= 2 \times 72 = 144\text{ km}. Time to meet t=14417+19=14436=4 hourst = \frac{144}{17 + 19} = \frac{144}{36} = 4\text{ hours}. Distance travelled by Vijay =19×4=76 km= 19 \times 4 = 76\text{ km}. Distance from B to meeting point C =76−72=4 km= 76 - 72 = 4\text{ km}.
मिलने का समय =2×7217+19=14436=4= \frac{2 \times 72}{17 + 19} = \frac{144}{36} = 4 घंटे। विजय द्वारा तय दूरी =19×4=76= 19 \times 4 = 76 किमी। B से C की दूरी =76−72=4= 76 - 72 = 4 किमी।
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439📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed and Units Conversion
A car is running at a speed of 90 km/h90\text{ km/h}. What distance will it cover in 15 second?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=90×518=25 m/s\text{m/s} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}. Distance =25 m/s×15 s=375 m= 25\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 375\text{ m}.
गति =90×518=25 m/s= 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}। दूरी =25×15=375= 25 \times 15 = 375 मीटर।
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440📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Refraction of Light
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called
Explanation
Refraction is the change in direction and velocity of a light wave passing obliquely across the interface from one transparent optical medium to another.
प्रकाश का एक माध्यम से दूसरे माध्यम में जाने पर मुड़ना 'अपवर्तन' (Refraction) कहलाता है।
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441📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyEarth Latitudes
What is the latitude of the Equator?
Explanation
The Equator is the reference line of 0∘0^\circ latitude dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
भूमध्य रेखा (Equator) का अक्षांश 0∘0^\circ होता है।
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442📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPoles Latitude
The South Pole is located at which latitude?
Explanation
The South Pole is the southernmost point on Earth located at 90∘ S90^\circ\text{ S} latitude.
दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South Pole) 90∘ S90^\circ\text{ S} (90 डिग्री दक्षिण) अक्षांश पर स्थित है।
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443📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection Sense
A person walks 10 meters to the North, then 5 meters to the East, then 10 meters to the South, and finally 5 meters to the East. In which direction is the person now from the starting point?
Explanation
Vertical displacement: +10m North−10m South=0m+10\text{m North} - 10\text{m South} = 0\text{m}. Horizontal displacement: +5m East+5m East=+10m East+5\text{m East} + 5\text{m East} = +10\text{m East}. The person is directly East of origin.
उत्तर 10m और दक्षिण 10m से लंबवत दूरी शून्य हो जाती है। पूर्व में 5+5=105 + 5 = 10 मीटर। व्यक्ति प्रारंभिक बिंदु से 'पूर्व' (East) दिशा में है।
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444📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDisplacement Reasoning
If a person walks 10 meters East, then 5 meters North, then 10 meters West, and finally 5 meters South, where is he now in relation to his starting point?
Explanation
East 10m, North 5m, West 10m (returns to starting longitude), South 5m (returns to starting latitude). Net displacement is zero (At the same point).
पूर्व 10m, उत्तर 5m, पश्चिम 10m, दक्षिण 5m। व्यक्ति ठीक अपने प्रारंभिक बिंदु पर (At the same point) वापस आ जाता है।
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445📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection and Cardinal Points
A person starts walking from a point. He walks 10 meters North, then turns to his left and walks 20 meters. Then, he turns right and walks 10 meters again. In which direction is he from the starting point?
Explanation
North 10m (+y), Left (West) 20m (-x), Right (North) 10m (+y). Net position is +20m North+20\text{m North} and 20m West  ⟹  20\text{m West} \implies North-West.
उत्तर 10m, बाएं (पश्चिम) 20m, दाएं (उत्तर) 10m। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से दिशा 'उत्तर-पश्चिम' (North-west) है।
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446📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed and Distance Equations
A train is traveling at a speed equal to 1/6 times the square of the car's speed. If the car takes 13 hours and the train takes 6 hours to reach the destination at the x km. Find the value of x in km.
Explanation
Let car speed be vcv_c. Train speed vt=16vc2v_t = \frac{1}{6} v_c^2. Distance x=13vc=6vt=6(16vc2)=vc2x = 13 v_c = 6 v_t = 6 \left(\frac{1}{6} v_c^2\right) = v_c^2. Thus 13vc=vc2  ⟹  vc=13 km/h13 v_c = v_c^2 \implies v_c = 13\text{ km/h}. Distance x=13(13)=169 kmx = 13(13) = 169\text{ km}.
दूरी x=13vc=vc2  ⟹  vc=13x = 13 v_c = v_c^2 \implies v_c = 13 किमी/घंटा। दूरी x=13×13=169x = 13 \times 13 = 169 किमी।
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447📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityBinomial Probability
A coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of getting at least 2 tails?
Explanation
Total outcomes =25=32= 2^5 = 32. P(at least 2 tails)=1−P(0 tails)−P(1 tail)=1−132−532=1−632=2632=1316P(\text{at least 2 tails}) = 1 - P(0\text{ tails}) - P(1\text{ tail}) = 1 - \frac{1}{32} - \frac{5}{32} = 1 - \frac{6}{32} = \frac{26}{32} = \frac{13}{16}.
कुल परिणाम =32= 32। कम से कम 2 पट (Tails) आने की प्रायिकता =1−1+532=2632=1316= 1 - \frac{1+5}{32} = \frac{26}{32} = \frac{13}{16}।
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448📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityLCM and HCF Algebraic Identities
The sum of two numbers is 42. Their Least Common Multiple (LCM) is 135, and their Highest Common Factor (HCF) is 3. Find the sum of the squares of both numbers.
Explanation
Product of numbers ab=LCM×HCF=135×3=405ab = \text{LCM} \times \text{HCF} = 135 \times 3 = 405. Sum a+b=42a + b = 42. Sum of squares a2+b2=(a+b)2−2ab=422−2(405)=1764−810=954a^2 + b^2 = (a + b)^2 - 2ab = 42^2 - 2(405) = 1764 - 810 = 954.
a2+b2=(a+b)2−2ab=422−2(135×3)=1764−810=954a^2 + b^2 = (a + b)^2 - 2ab = 42^2 - 2(135 \times 3) = 1764 - 810 = 954।
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449📚General Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection and Displacement
Mohan is standing at point P. He walks 5 meters north, then turns left and walks 6 meters. He then turns right and walks 8 meters. After this, he turns right again and walks 6 meters. Finally, he turns left and walks 5 meters. What is the shortest distance back to point P?
Explanation
North +5m, Left (West) -6m, Right (North) +8m, Right (East) +6m (cancels West), Left (North) +5m. Total North displacement =5+8+5=18 meters= 5 + 8 + 5 = 18\text{ meters}. East-West displacement =0= 0. Shortest distance back to P =18 meters= 18\text{ meters}.
उत्तर दिशा में कुल विस्थापन =5+8+5=18= 5 + 8 + 5 = 18 मीटर (18 meters)। पूर्व-पश्चिम विस्थापन शून्य है।
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450📚General Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense
A man started walking from point A and walked 10 meters towards the west. He then turns to his right and walks 15 meters. After turning to his right again, he walks 10 meters. After this, he turns to his right and walks 20 meters. Finally, he turns to his left and walks 5 meters. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
West 10m (-x), Right (North) 15m (+y), Right (East) 10m (x returns to 0), Right (South) 20m (-y net: -5m South), Left (East) 5m (+x net: +5m East). Final position is South-East of origin.
अंतिम स्थिति: 5 मीटर दक्षिण और 5 मीटर पूर्व   ⟹  \implies दक्षिण-पूर्व (Southeast)।
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451📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyAncient Indian Art & Architecture
Consider the following statements about Sittanavasal Cave:
1. The Sittanavasal Caves in Tamil Nadu are ancient Jain rock-cut temples dating back to the 7th century CE.
2. The caves are renowned for their fresco-secco mural paintings, which depict scenes of lotus ponds, animals, and Jain monks.
3. These caves are a significant example of Jain art and architecture in South India.
Which of the above statements are true?
Explanation
All three statements are historically accurate: Sittanavasal (Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu) features 7th-century Jain rock-cut caves, renowned fresco-secco lotus pond murals, and seminal Jain architectural art.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 तीनों सत्य हैं (तमिलनाडु में स्थित 7वीं शताब्दी की जैन रॉक-कट गुफाएं और भित्ति चित्र)।
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452📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyNortheast Indian Festivals
Which of the following is NOT the festival of Arunachal Pradesh?
Explanation
Ranikor is a scenic river border town and cultural festival venue in Meghalaya (not Arunachal Pradesh).
रानीकोर (Ranikor) मेघालय का स्थल/उत्सव है, अरुणाचल प्रदेश का नहीं।
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453📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographySouth Indian Dynasties
Who was the founder of the Chola dynasty?
Explanation
Vijayalaya Chola established the Imperial Medieval Chola Empire around 850 CE by capturing Thanjavur from the Muttarayars.
मध्यकालीन चोल राजवंश का संस्थापक 'विजयालय चोल' (Vijayalaya Chola / 850 ई.) था।
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454📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climate & Rainfall
Which of the following place in India has highest annual rainfall?
Explanation
Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya holds the Guinness World Record for the highest average annual rainfall on Earth (approx 11,872 mm).
भारत और विश्व में सर्वाधिक वार्षिक वर्षा वाला स्थान 'मासिनराम' (Mawsynram, मेघालय) है।
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455📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyForest Types of India
Mangrove forests in India are predominantly found in which region?
Explanation
The Sundarbans delta in West Bengal (formed by the confluence of Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna) is the largest single tract of halophytic mangrove swamp forest in the world.
भारत में मैंग्रोव वन मुख्य रूप से 'सुंदरबन' (The Sunderbans, पश्चिम बंगाल) में पाए जाते हैं।
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456📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KNational Parks of J&K
Which of the following statements about Kazinag National Park is correct?
Explanation
Kazinag National Park (Baramulla district, J&K) was established on the north bank of Jhelum primarily to protect the critically endangered Pir Panjal Markhor (Capra falconeri) and Kashmir flying squirrel.
काजीनाग राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (बारामूला, J&K) विशेष रूप से संकटग्रस्त 'मारखोर' (Markhor) और कश्मीरी उड़ने वाली गिलहरी का संरक्षण स्थल है।
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457📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KAgro-Climatic Zones of J&K
Which districts are included in the low-altitude subtropical zone (JK-1)?
Explanation
Agro-climatic zone JK-1 (Low-Altitude Subtropical Zone) encompasses the plains and lower foothill tracts of Jammu, Kathua, Samba, lower Udhampur, and southern parts of Rajouri and Poonch.
जम्मू-कश्मीर का उपोष्णकटिबंधीय कृषि क्षेत्र (JK-1) जम्मू, कठुआ, उधमपुर, पुंछ और राजौरी जिलों के मैदानी और निचले क्षेत्रों में विस्तृत है।
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458📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeCircles and Chords Geometry
Consider the following statement
Statement 1: A chord of length 16cm is drawn in a circle of radius 10cm. The distance of the chord from the centre of the circle is 6cm
Statement 2: The radii of two concentric circles are 26cm and 10 cm. If the chord of the greater circle is a tangent to the smaller circle, then the length of the chord is 6cm.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Distance d=102−82=100−64=6 cmd = \sqrt{10^2 - 8^2} = \sqrt{100 - 64} = 6\text{ cm} (Correct). Statement 2: Half chord =262−102=676−100=24 cm  ⟹  Length=48 cm≠6 cm= \sqrt{26^2 - 10^2} = \sqrt{676 - 100} = 24\text{ cm} \implies \text{Length} = 48\text{ cm} \ne 6\text{ cm} (Incorrect). Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 (d=6 cmd=6\text{ cm}) सही है और कथन 2 (जीवा की लंबाई 48 cm48\text{ cm}) गलत है। सही विकल्प A है।
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459📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationDirection Sense Test
James started from his house towards west. After walking a distance of 30m, he turned towards right and walked 20m. He then turned left and moved a distance of 10m, turned to his left again and walked 40m. He now turns to the left and walks 5m. Finally, he turns to his left. In which direction is he walking now?
Explanation
West 30m, Right (North) 20m, Left (West) 10m, Left (South) 40m, Left (East) 5m. Finally, turning left from East directs him walking North.
पूर्व दिशा से बाईं ओर मुड़ने पर वह 'उत्तर' (North) दिशा की ओर चल रहा है।
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460📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationPythagoras Distance
Gopal started walking towards east. After moving a distance of 1 km, he turned southward and walked 5km. Again, he turned to east and walked 2 km. Finally, he turned to the north and walked 9km. How far is he from his starting point?
Explanation
Total East displacement =1+2=3 km= 1 + 2 = 3\text{ km}. Net North displacement =9−5=4 km= 9 - 5 = 4\text{ km}. Distance from origin =32+42=9+16=25=5 km= \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}.
कुल पूर्व विस्थापन =3 km= 3\text{ km}, शुद्ध उत्तर विस्थापन =4 km= 4\text{ km}। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से दूरी =32+42=5 km= \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5\text{ km}।
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461📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationRelative Road Displacement
A and B start moving towards each other from two places 200m apart. After walking 60m, B turns left and goes 20 m, then he turns right and goes 40m. He turns right again and comes back to the road on which he had started walking. If A and B walk with the same speed, what is the distance between them now?
Explanation
Total distance walked by B =60+20+40+20=140 m= 60 + 20 + 40 + 20 = 140\text{ m}. Since A walks at the same speed, A also walks 140 m140\text{ m} along the road. Displacement of B along road =60+40=100 m= 60 + 40 = 100\text{ m}. Displacement of A along road =60 m= 60\text{ m} (or 140m). Distance between them along the road =200−(60+100)=40 m= 200 - (60 + 100) = 40\text{ m}.
B का सड़क पर शुद्ध विस्थापन =60+40=100 m= 60 + 40 = 100\text{ m}। A चला =60 m= 60\text{ m}। दोनों के बीच की दूरी =200−(60+100)=40 m= 200 - (60 + 100) = 40\text{ m}।
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462📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationAverage Speed Statements
Consider the following statement
Statement 1 : A tourist covers half of this journey by train at 60 km/hr, half of the remainder by bus at 30 km/hr and the rest by cycle at 10 km/hr. The average speed of the tourist in km/hr during his entire journey is 24.
Statement 2: A car travels 8 km in the first quarter of an hour, 6 km in the second quarter and 16 km in the third quarter. The average speed of the car in km per hour over the entire journey is 40
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Let distance be d=120 kmd=120\text{ km}. Times: 6060+3030+3010=1+1+3=5 hours\frac{60}{60} + \frac{30}{30} + \frac{30}{10} = 1 + 1 + 3 = 5\text{ hours}. Average speed =1205=24 km/h= \frac{120}{5} = 24\text{ km/h} (Correct). Statement 2: Total distance =8+6+16=30 km= 8 + 6 + 16 = 30\text{ km}. Total time =3×0.25=0.75 hours= 3 \times 0.25 = 0.75\text{ hours}. Average speed =300.75=40 km/h= \frac{30}{0.75} = 40\text{ km/h} (Correct). Both statements are correct.
कथन 1 (24 km/h24\text{ km/h}) और कथन 2 (40 km/h40\text{ km/h}) दोनों सही हैं (Option C)।
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463📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationDirection and Seating Statements
Consider the following statement
Statement 1: One morning after sunrises, X and Y were standing in a lawn with their backs towards each other. X shadow fell exactly towards left hand side. Then Y is facing towards East.
Statement 2 : A, B, C, and D are playing cards. A and B are partners. D faces towards north. If A faces west, then C faces south
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Morning sunrise in East   ⟹  \implies shadows fall West. If X's shadow falls to left, X faces North. Back to back means Y faces South (not East, so Statement 1 is False). Statement 2: Partners sit opposite. If A faces West, B faces East. Since D faces North, D's partner C faces South (Correct). Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect.
कथन 1 गलत है (Y का मुख दक्षिण में होगा) और कथन 2 सही है (C का मुख दक्षिण में होगा)। सही विकल्प B है।
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464📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationLogical Deductions
The question is given certain statements followed by some conclusions. Choose the conclusion which follow from the given statements.
Statement 1 : A forest has as many sandal trees as it has Ashoka trees.
Statement 2 : Three-fourths of the trees are old one and half of the trees are at the flowering stage
Conclusion are :
Explanation
Since half of all trees are Ashoka and 3/4 of all trees are old, even if all non-Ashoka trees were old (1/2), at least (3/4−1/2)=1/4(3/4 - 1/2) = 1/4 of total trees (which is at least one-half of Ashoka trees) must be old.
कम से कम आधे अशोक के पेड़ पुराने हैं (At least one-half of the Ashoka trees are old)।
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465📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationSpeed Distance Matching
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List - I:
1. A car is running at a speed of 108 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 15 second?
2. A car is running at a speed of 121 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 14 second?
3. A car is running at a speed of 99 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 18 second?

List - II:
i. 495 meters
ii. 470 meters
iii. 450 meters

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> iii (108×518×15=30×15=450 m108 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 15 = 30 \times 15 = 450\text{ m}), 2 -> ii (121×518×14=470.5≈470 m121 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 14 = 470.5 \approx 470\text{ m}), 3 -> i (99×518×18=495 m99 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 18 = 495\text{ m}). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
1-iii (450 m), 2-ii (470 m), 3-i (495 m)। सही विकल्प D है।
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466📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyCricket World Cup History
Cricket World Cup, 1983 was held in which of the following places?
Explanation
The 1983 Prudential Cricket World Cup was hosted by England (and Wales) from 9 to 25 June 1983, where India defeated the West Indies at Lord's.
1983 का क्रिकेट विश्व कप 'इंग्लैंड' (England) में आयोजित किया गया था।
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467📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climatology
The western cyclonic disturbance originates over _______
Explanation
Western Disturbances are extra-tropical winter storms that originate over the Mediterranean Sea, bringing winter precipitation to northwestern India and J&K.
पश्चिमी विक्षोभ (Western cyclonic disturbance) 'भूमध्य सागर' (The Mediterranean Sea) के ऊपर उत्पन्न होते हैं।
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468📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyGupta Temple Architecture
The famous Gupta period Dashavatara Temple, recognized as one of the earliest Panchayatan temples in north India, is located at :
Explanation
The 6th-century Gupta-period stone Dashavatara Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu is located at Deogarh in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
गुप्तकालीन प्रसिद्ध दशावतार पंचायतन मंदिर 'देवगढ़' (Deogarh, उत्तर प्रदेश) में स्थित है।
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469📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyInternational Organizations
Consider the following statement.
Statement 1: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand.
Statement 2: The ASEAN Charter serves as a firm foundation in achieving the ASEAN Community by providing legal status and institutional framework for ASEAN.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are historically correct: ASEAN was founded by the Bangkok Declaration on 8 August 1967, and the ASEAN Charter entered into force in 2008 providing a legal institutional framework.
कथन 1 और कथन 2 दोनों सत्य हैं (8 अगस्त 1967 बैंकॉक घोषणा और आसियान चार्टर)। सही विकल्प C है।
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470📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyPre-Monsoon Rainfall Terms
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List - I (Climate/Rainfall terms):
1. Rain caused by a lightning storm is called "Cherry Blossom"
2. Mango Showers are common in
3. Related to Pre-Monsoon shower 'Nor Westers'.

List- II (Representative of Indian States):
i. West Bengal and Assam
ii. Kerala
iii. Karnataka

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Cherry Blossom coffee showers - Karnataka), 2 -> ii (Mango Showers - Kerala & coastal Karnataka), 3 -> i (Nor'westers / Kalbaisakhi - West Bengal & Assam). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
1-iii (चेरी ब्लॉसम - कर्नाटक), 2-ii (मैंगो शॉवर्स - केरल), 3-i (नॉर्वेस्टर/कालवैशाखी - पश्चिम बंगाल व असम)। सही विकल्प D है।
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471📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessModern Indian History
Which of the following battle marked the beginning of the British rule in India?
Explanation
The Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757), where the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, marked the beginning of British political rule in India.
23 जून 1757 को लड़ा गया 'प्लासी का युद्ध' (Battle of Plassey) भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन की स्थापना का आधार बना।
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472📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Order of Planets
What is the name of the fifth planet from the Sun?
Explanation
In order of increasing distance from the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter...), the fifth planet is Jupiter.
सूर्य से दूरी के क्रम में पांचवां ग्रह 'बृहस्पति' (Jupiter) है।
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473📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Earth and Moon
What is the name of Earth's natural satellite?
Explanation
The Moon is the Earth's only permanent natural satellite, orbiting at an average distance of approx 384,400 km384,400\text{ km}.
पृथ्वी का एकमात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह 'चंद्रमा' (Moon) है।
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474📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Uniform Motion
If an object is said to be in uniform motion, it means
Explanation
Uniform motion is defined as motion in which a body moves along a straight line covering equal distances in equal intervals of time at a constant speed.
एकसमान गति (Uniform motion) का अर्थ है कि वस्तु 'समान समय अंतरालों में समान दूरी तय करती है' (Covers equal distances in equal intervals of time)।
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475📚Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryGandhian Era Chronology
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi returned permanently to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915, commemorated annually as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
महात्मा गांधी 9 जनवरी 1915 (1915) को दक्षिण अफ्रीका से भारत वापस लौटे थे।
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476📚Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Training PrinciplesBiomechanics of Motion
Which of the following is NOT a type of motion?
Explanation
Standard biomechanical and physical types of motion include Linear (rectilinear/curvilinear), Rotational (angular), and Circular motion; 'Diagonal' is a directional trajectory, not a classified motion type.
भौतिक और बायोमैकेनिकल वर्गीकरण में 'Diagonal' गति का प्रकार नहीं है (रेखीय, घूर्णी, वृत्तीय गति के प्रकार हैं)।
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477📚Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementRegional Multi-Sport Games
What was the main goal of the South Asian Federation (SAF) Games?
Explanation
The primary founding objective of the South Asian Games (formerly South Asian Federation / SAF Games instituted in 1984) is to Foster Regional Cooperation, friendship, and peace through sports among SAARC nations.
दक्षिण एशियाई महासंघ (SAF) खेलों का मुख्य उद्देश्य खेलों के माध्यम से 'क्षेत्रीय सहयोग और मित्रता' (Foster regional cooperation) को बढ़ावा देना था।
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478📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsAdvanced Statistical Models Matching
Match the following:
Statistical technique:
i. Mediating
ii. Stepwise regression
iii. Moderated

Description:
1. a statistical analysis that examines how a third variable affects the relationship between two other variables
2. causal chain in which one variable affects a second variable that, in turn, affects a third variable
3. a statistical method that automatically chooses predictor variables for a regression model

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Mediation: causal chain where X affects M which in turn affects Y), ii -> 3 (Stepwise regression: algorithm automatically selecting predictors), iii -> 1 (Moderation: third variable alters the strength/direction of X-Y relationship). Correct match: i-2; ii-3; iii-1.
i-2 (मध्यस्थता), ii-3 (स्टेपवाइज़ रिग्रेशन), iii-1 (मॉडरेशन)। सही विकल्प A है।
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479📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsCorrelational Research
Which technique is used to find out the degree of association?
Explanation
Correlation (Pearson rr, Spearman ρ\rho) is the statistical technique used to quantify the magnitude, strength, and direction of Association between two or more variables.
दो या अधिक चरों के बीच जुड़ाव या संबंध की डिग्री निर्धारित करने के लिए 'सहसंबंध' (Correlation) तकनीक का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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480📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsResearch Methodology Principles
Which statements about research methods in psychology is NOT true?
Explanation
Statement B is fundamentally false: 'Correlation does not imply causation' (correlational studies cannot determine causality due to directionality and third-variable confounding).
'सहसंबंधी अध्ययन चरों के बीच कारण-प्रभाव निर्धारित कर सकते हैं' गलत कथन है (सहसंबंध कारण सिद्ध नहीं करता)।
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481📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsPrinciple of Parsimony
Another name for Occam's Razor is the idea of
Explanation
Occam's Razor is the scientific Principle of Parsimony (law of simplicity), stating that when presented with competing hypotheses, the one that makes the fewest assumptions is preferred.
ओकम के रेजर (Occam's Razor) का दूसरा नाम 'मितव्ययिता का सिद्धांत' (Parsimony / Law of Parsimony) है।
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482📚Developmental Psychology, Child Counseling & RehabilitationVygotsky Sociocultural Theory
Which of the following are features of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory?
I. Learning is a social process mediated by cultural tools.
II. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to tasks a child can accomplish without assistance.
III. Scaffolding involves providing support to help children achieve tasks beyond their independent ability.
IV. Language plays a key role in cognitive development.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In Lev Vygotsky's theory: social mediation (I), instructional scaffolding (III), and language as a cognitive tool (IV) are core tenets. Statement II is false because ZPD represents the distance between actual independent level and potential level achieved with adult assistance. Correct: I, III, and IV only.
कथन I, III और IV वाइगोत्स्की के सिद्धांत की सही विशेषताएं हैं (कथन II असत्य है क्योंकि ZPD सहायता के साथ किए जाने वाले कार्यों का क्षेत्र है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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483📚Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Drug Acts & Regulatory AffairsPCI Council Composition
In the constitution of Central Council, Six members nominated by ______
Explanation
Under Section 3(a) of the Pharmacy Act 1948, six members (of whom at least four shall be persons possessing a degree or diploma in pharmacy/pharmaceutical chemistry) are nominated by the Central Government.
फार्मेसी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया (PCI) के गठन में 6 सदस्यों का मनोनयन 'केंद्र सरकार' (Central Government) द्वारा किया जाता है।
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484📚Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, SAR & TherapeuticsMAOI Adverse Drug Interactions
Which class show adverse reaction hypertensive cheese effect.
Explanation
Non-selective Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors block the intestinal and hepatic breakdown of dietary Tyramine (found in aged cheese, wine, yeast), triggering dangerous hypertensive crisis ('Cheese Effect').
पुराने पनीर में मौजूद टाइरामाइन के कारण 'चीज प्रभाव' (Hypertensive cheese effect) 'MAO इनहिबिटर्स' (MAO Inhibitors) के साथ होता है।
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485📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessNux Vomica Alkaloid Assay
Amount of strychnine contained by nuxvomica is
Explanation
According to pharmacopoeial monographs, dried ripe seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica contain approximately 2.6% to 3.0% total alkaloids, of which at least 1.25% is Strychnine.
कुचला (Nux vomica) के बीजों में स्ट्रिकनीन की मात्रा लगभग 1.25% (1.25%) होती है।
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486📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryDC Fundamentals
In a circuit with a 1 Ω1\ \Omega resistor, what is the frequency of the direct current (DC) supplied by a 5V battery?
Explanation
Direct current (DC) maintains a constant unidirectional voltage and polarity over time; hence, the frequency of DC is exactly 0 Hz.
दिष्ट धारा (DC) की आवृत्ति हमेशा 0 हर्ट्ज (0 Hz) होती है।
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487📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryParallel Resistance Calculation
What will be the least resistance of the circuit having 10 resistors of 2 Ω2\ \Omega each?
Explanation
Minimum equivalent resistance is obtained by connecting all 10 identical resistors in parallel: Rmin⁡=RN=2 Ω10=0.2 ΩR_{\min} = \frac{R}{N} = \frac{2\ \Omega}{10} = 0.2\ \Omega.
न्यूनतम प्रतिरोध के लिए सभी 10 प्रतिरोधकों को समानांतर में जोड़ेंगे: Rmin⁡=2/10=0.2 ΩR_{\min} = 2 / 10 = 0.2\ \Omega।
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488📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsMagnetic Field of Straight Conductor
Consider the following statements about the Magnetic Field due to a current carrying conductor.
1. Magnetic field due to infinitely long straight current carrying conductor is given by B=μ0I2πrB = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r} Where, μ0\mu_0 is the permeability of free space, I is the current flowing in the long straight conductor.
2. The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor forms concentric circles, as described by Ampère's right-hand rule.
3. If the conductor is carrying current in an upward direction, then the direction of the magnetic field will always be in clockwise direction and vice-versa.
4. The magnetic field depends on the current through the conductor and not on the material of the conductor.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct: (1) B=μ0I/2πrB = \mu_0 I / 2\pi r; (2) Concentric magnetic field lines; (4) BB depends on current, not conductor material. Statement 3 is false because for upward current, the right-hand rule gives an counter-clockwise (anticlockwise) magnetic field. Correct: 1, 2 and 4.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं (कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि ऊपर की ओर धारा होने पर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र वामावर्त/एंटी-क्लॉकवाइज होता है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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489📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsClock Rule for Solenoids
If the current in a solenoid flows in a clockwise direction when viewed from one end, what is the direction of the magnetic field at that end?
Explanation
By the End Rule (Clock Rule), if current flows Clockwise when viewed from an end, that end acts as a South magnetic pole, where magnetic field lines enter Inwards into the solenoid.
यदि सिरे से देखने पर धारा दक्षिणावर्त (Clockwise) बहती है, तो वह सिरा साउथ पोल बनता है और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं 'सोलेनोइड के अंदर' (Inwards into the solenoid) प्रवेश करती हैं।
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490📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsLenz's Law Concepts
Which of the following statements regarding Lenz's law is/are correct?
1. Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that causes it.
2. Lenz's law ensures the conservation of energy by requiring external work to oppose the induced magnetic effects.
3. The induced EMF creates a magnetic field that always reinforces the initial magnetic flux.
4. Lenz's law applies to all electromagnetic induction phenomena, including motional EMF.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct (Statement 3 is false because induced fields oppose, never reinforce, the flux change). Correct: 1, 2 and 4.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं (कथन 3 गलत है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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491📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsElectromagnetic Rules Matching
Match the items in List I with the correct descriptions in List II:
List - I:
i) Right hand thumb rule
ii) Fleming's left hand rule
iii) Fleming's right hand rule

List - II:
1) determines the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
2) determines the direction of the induced current when a conductor is moving through a magnetic field
3) determines the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 3 (Right hand thumb rule: magnetic field around straight conductor), ii -> 1 (Fleming's left hand rule: force on conductor / motor rule), iii -> 2 (Fleming's right hand rule: induced current / generator rule). Correct match: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.
i-3 (दाएं हाथ का अंगूठा नियम - चुंबकीय क्षेत्र), ii-1 (फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम - मोटर बल), iii-2 (फ्लेमिंग का दायां हाथ नियम - प्रेरित धारा)। सही विकल्प D है।
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492📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsAC Fundamentals
Which of the following statements is correct regarding alternating current (AC)?
Explanation
In Alternating Current (AC), electric charge carriers (electrons) periodically reverse their direction of motion in a sinusoidal back-and-forth oscillation.
प्रत्यावर्ती धारा (AC) में इलेक्ट्रॉन निरंतर अपनी प्रवाह दिशा को आगे और पीछे बदलते (Alternate their direction of flow) रहते हैं।
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493📚Electrical Machines (DC Generators/Motors, Transformers & Alternators)Commutator Operation
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding commutator in DC generators?
Explanation
Statement D is incorrect: The commutator functions purely as a mechanical rectifier converting AC generated in armature coils to unidirectional DC. Eddy current reduction is achieved by core lamination, not by the commutator.
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि कम्यूटेटर का कार्य यांत्रिक दिष्टकारी (Mechanical rectifier) के रूप में AC को DC में बदलना है, न कि भंवर धारा हानि को कम करना।
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494📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Color Photography
A film introduced in 1936, was created for the 35 mm still photography market. It was the first accurate, inexpensive, easy- to use and reliable method for creating colour photographs:
Explanation
Kodachrome color reversal transparency film, invented by Leopold Godowsky Jr. and Leopold Mannes and manufactured by Eastman Kodak in 1935–1936, revolutionized 35mm color photography.
1936 में पेश की गई 'कोडाक्रोम ट्रांसपेरेंसी फिल्म' (Kodachrome transparency film) 35mm रंगीन फोटोग्राफी का पहला विश्वसनीय और लोकप्रिय माध्यम थी।
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495📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMacro Photography
What is a characteristic of a macro lens?
Explanation
A Macro Lens is specially optically corrected for ultra-close focusing distances, capable of reproducing small subjects at true 1:11:1 (life-size) magnification on the sensor.
मैक्रो लेंस की मुख्य विशेषता बहुत पास स्थित छोटी वस्तुओं (Small, close-up subjects) पर 1:1 आकार में फोकस करना है।
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496📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Kodak
Kodak camera was invented by ______
Explanation
George Eastman invented and patented the handheld Kodak roll-film camera in 1888 with the slogan 'You press the button, we do the rest'.
कोडक कैमरे का आविष्कार 1888 में 'जॉर्ज ईस्टमैन' (George Eastman) द्वारा किया गया था।
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497📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsAnsel Adams Biography
Who received a Kodak camera in 1916 to take photos at Yosemite?
Explanation
Legendary American landscape photographer Ansel Easton Adams received his very first camera—a Kodak No. 1 Box Brownie—from his father during a family vacation to Yosemite National Park in 1916.
1916 में योसेमाइट की तस्वीरें लेने के लिए अपना पहला कोडक कैमरा प्राप्त करने वाले प्रसिद्ध फोटोग्राफर 'एंसेल ईस्टन एडम्स' (Ansel Easton Adams) थे।
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498📚Sensors, Color Spaces, Formats & Video Camera TubesInfrared Long Distance Photography
Long distance photography is facilitated by ______
Explanation
Because Infrared Radiation has longer wavelengths that undergo significantly less Rayleigh atmospheric scattering through airborne dust and haze, Infrared photography penetrates haze to enable ultra-long-distance landscape photography.
लंबी दूरी की फोटोग्राफी में धुंध को भेदने के लिए 'इन्फ्रारेड प्रकाश' (Infrared light) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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499📚Electrical Machines & Power SystemsCircuit Element Potential Drops
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. Across a resistor, potential always decreases in the direction of the current
II. Across an inductor, the potential always decreases in the direction of the current
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct (Ohm's law: current always flows from higher to lower potential across a passive resistor, ΔV=−IR\Delta V = -IR). Statement II is incorrect because across an inductor vL=Ldidtv_L = L \frac{di}{dt}, when current is decreasing (di/dt<0di/dt < 0), the induced EMF opposes the decrease and potential INCREASES in the direction of current.
कथन I सही है और कथन II गलत है (घटती हुई धारा के दौरान प्रेरक के आर-पार क्षमता बढ़ सकती है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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500📚Electronics, Digital Logic & Microprocessors (8085/8051)BJT Input Impedance Hierarchy
Consider the following circuit configurations:
I. Common emitter
II. Common base
III. Emitter follower
The correct sequence in increasing order of the input resistances of these configurations is-
Explanation
Typical input resistance values: Common Base (Rin≈20 ΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 20\ \Omega, lowest) −>-> Common Emitter (Rin≈1–2 kΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 1\text{--}2\text{ k}\Omega) −>-> Emitter Follower / Common Collector (Rin≈100–500 kΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 100\text{--}500\text{ k}\Omega, highest). Sequence: II, I, III.
इनपुट प्रतिरोध का बढ़ता हुआ सही क्रम: कॉमन बेस (II - सबसे कम) −>-> कॉमन एमिटर (I) −>-> एमिटर फॉलोअर (III - सबसे अधिक)। सही विकल्प A है।
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501📚Computer Science, Operating Systems & MS OfficeSystem Buses
Which bus is used to carry data to and from the memory?
Explanation
The Data Bus is a bidirectional communication bus that transfers data words to and from the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
मेमोरी से डेटा लाने और ले जाने के लिए द्विदिशीय 'डेटा बस' (Data bus) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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502📚Medicolegal Regulations, Ethics & Quality StandardsMinor Records Retention Regulations
Under the Indian Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette, and Ethics) Regulations, 2002, what is the minimum retention period for medical records of minors (under 18 years)?
Explanation
For pediatric minor patients, the statute of limitations for filing medical malpractice claims begins only after reaching the age of majority (18 years) plus a 3-year limitation window; hence, minor records must be retained for at least 21 years (or until the patient attains 21 years of age).
नाबालिगों के मेडिकल रिकॉर्ड को बालिग होने (18 वर्ष) के बाद कानूनी सीमा अवधि (3 वर्ष) को ध्यान में रखते हुए कम से कम 21 वर्ष की आयु तक सुरक्षित रखा जाना चाहिए।
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503📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & Hospital StatisticsSpeed, Distance & Time
If a train travels 60km in 1 hour, how far will it travel in 4 hours at the same speed?
Explanation
Distance=Speed×Time=60 km/h×4 hours=240 km\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 60\text{ km/h} \times 4\text{ hours} = 240\text{ km}.
दूरी = 60\text{ किमी/घंटा} \times 4\text{ घंटे} = 240\text{ किमी}। सही विकल्प A है।
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504📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & Hospital StatisticsTrain Bridge Problems
A train 100 meters long is running at a speed of 72km/h as it crosses a bridge in 25 seconds. What is the length of the bridge?
Explanation
Speed =72 km/h=72×518=20 m/s= 72\text{ km/h} = 72 \times \frac{5}{18} = 20\text{ m/s}. Total distance =20 m/s×25 s=500 m= 20\text{ m/s} \times 25\text{ s} = 500\text{ m}. Bridge length =500−100=400 meters= 500 - 100 = 400\text{ meters}.
गति =20 m/s= 20\text{ m/s}। कुल दूरी =20×25=500 m= 20 \times 25 = 500\text{ m}। पुल की लंबाई =500−100=400= 500 - 100 = 400 मीटर।
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505📚Foundations of Library & Information Science and Five LawsProminent South Asian Libraries
Liaquat Memorial Library is situated in
Explanation
The Liaquat Memorial National Library (established in 1950 in memory of Liaquat Ali Khan) is located in Karachi, Pakistan.
लियाकत मेमोरियल लाइब्रेरी 'कराची' (Karachi, Pakistan) में स्थित है।
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506📚Information Sources, Reference Services & BibliometricsCitation Databases for Journal Impact
Which sources would you consult to know the "Impact Factor" of Journal publications?
i) Web of Science
ii) Science Direct
iii) SCOPUS
iv) EBSCO
Codes:
Explanation
To evaluate journal citation metrics and citation rankings: Journal Impact Factor is published in Clarivate's Web of Science / JCR (i), and CiteScore/SJR metrics are published in Elsevier's Scopus (iii). Correct: (i) and (iii).
पत्रिकाओं के इम्पैक्ट फैक्टर और उद्धरण प्रभाव की जांच के लिए 'Web of Science (JCR) और Scopus' (i और iii) का उपयोग किया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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507📚Food Chemistry, Nutrition & BiochemistryGlycemic Index of Foods
The glycemic index (GI) of a food is determined by its ability to increase blood glucose levels after consumption. Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index?
Explanation
Lentils / Legumes have a very low Glycemic Index (GI≈25–30GI \approx 25\text{--}30) due to their high soluble dietary fiber, resistant starch, and protein matrix that slows glucose absorption (White bread has GI=100GI=100, baked potato has GI≈85GI \approx 85, brown rice has GI≈55GI \approx 55).
दालों और फलियों (Lentils) का ग्लाइसेमिक इंडेक्स सबसे कम (GI≈28GI \approx 28) होता है।
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508📚Food Microbiology, Pathogens & Foodborne IllnessesJam and Jelly Spoilage
Which of the following is the primary cause of spoilage in low-sugar jams and jellies?
Explanation
Low-sugar preserves have higher water activity (awa_w) than traditional 65%65\% high-sugar jams, making them susceptible to fermentative spoilage by osmophilic/osmotolerant yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and molds.
कम चीनी वाले जैम और जेली में खराब होने (Spoilage) का प्राथमिक कारण परासरणी यीस्ट जैसे 'सैकरोमाइसीस सेरेविसी' (Saccharomyces cerevisiae / यीस्ट) होते हैं।
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509📚Food Safety Acts, FSSAI Regulations & StandardsFoSTaC Food Safety Supervisor
The "FSSAI Food Safety Supervisor" certification program is mandatory for which type of food business?
Explanation
Under FSSAI FoSTaC guidelines, having at least one certified Food Safety Supervisor for every 25 food handlers is mandatory for licensed Food Business Operators, particularly those involved in high-risk food sectors (catering, dairy, meat, processing).
FSSAI का फूड सेफ्टी सुपरवाइजर प्रमाणन विशेष रूप से 'उच्च जोखिम वाले खाद्य उत्पादों को संभालने वाले खाद्य व्यवसायों' (FBOs handling high-risk foods) के लिए अनिवार्य है।
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510📚Food Safety Acts, FSSAI Regulations & StandardsAGMARK Quality Grades
Which of the following is the highest grade of AGMARK for agricultural products?
Explanation
Under AGMARK grading rules for agricultural produce (e.g. ghee, butter, pulses, spices), Grade I (or 'Special Grade') designates the supreme commercial quality grade with lowest permissible impurities and moisture.
कृषि उत्पादों के लिए एगमार्क (AGMARK) का सर्वोच्च गुणवत्ता ग्रेड 'ग्रेड I' (Grade I / Special Grade) होता है।
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511📚Food Processing, Preservation Techniques & PackagingChemical Preservatives (Sodium Benzoate)
In the context of food preservation, what is the primary purpose of using chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate in products like soft drinks?
Explanation
Sodium Benzoate is an antimicrobial preservative that, in acidic media (pH<4.5pH < 4.5), converts to lipophilic undissociated benzoic acid, penetrating fungal/bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting phosphofructokinase to arrest microbial growth of yeasts and molds.
कोल्ड ड्रिंक्स में सोडियम बेंजोएट जैसे रासायनिक परिरक्षक का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य 'सूक्ष्मजीवों (यीस्ट और मोल्ड) की वृद्धि को रोकना' (To prevent microbial growth) है।
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512📚Food Processing Operations, Preservation & Packaging TechnologyRetort Thermal Cold Point
The point in a mass of food which is last to reach final heating temperature:
Explanation
In thermal process calculations and retort validation, the 'Cold Point' (or slowest heating zone) is the specific geometric location within a container that heats slowest by conduction or convection.
डिब्बाबंद भोजन में वह बिंदु जो अंतिम तापमान तक सबसे देर में पहुँचता है, 'कोल्ड पॉइंट' (Cold point / शीत बिंदु) कहलाता है।
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513📚Food Processing Operations, Preservation & Packaging TechnologyTinplate Steel Can Types
The Type L base steel is used for which type of food product?
Explanation
In sanitary tinplate can manufacturing, Type L base steel has the lowest residual metalloid impurities (copper, nickel, phosphorus), providing maximum corrosion resistance for High-Acid Foods (such as berries, prunes, pickles, and cherries).
टाइप एल (Type L) बेस स्टील का उपयोग अत्यधिक संक्षारण प्रतिरोधी होने के कारण 'अत्यधिक अम्लीय खाद्य पदार्थों' (High Acid Food) के डिब्बे बनाने में किया जाता है।
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514📚Food Chemistry, Lipids, Proteins & CarbohydratesSorbic Acid Antimycotic Spectrum
Sorbic Acid is effective against:
Explanation
Sorbic acid and its potassium/sodium salts are wide-spectrum antimycotic preservatives specifically potent against Yeasts and Molds in cheese, bakery products, and beverages across pH 3.0 to 6.5.
सॉर्बिक एसिड (Sorbic Acid) मुख्य रूप से 'यीस्ट और मोल्ड' (Yeast and Mold) दोनों के खिलाफ अत्यधिक प्रभावी परिरक्षक है।
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515📚Food Microbiology, Fermentation & Safety LawsBread Yeast Fermentation
In bread manufacturing, alcoholic fermentation is carried out by:
Explanation
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) carries out anaerobic alcoholic fermentation of dough sugars, producing carbon dioxide (CO2CO_2) for dough leavening and ethanol/flavor congeners.
ब्रेड निर्माण में ऐल्कोहॉलीय किण्वन और आटा फुलाने का कार्य बेकर्स यीस्ट 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae' द्वारा किया जाता है।
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516📚Food Microbiology, Fermentation & Safety LawsOsmophilic Yeasts (Zygosaccharomyces)
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is used in the fermentation of plant products due to its ability to grow at:
Explanation
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is an obligate Xerophilic / Osmophilic yeast uniquely capable of growing at extremely Low Water Activities (awa_w as low as 0.620.62), making it the essential fermentative organism in high-salt/high-sugar miso, soy sauce, and marzipan.
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii एक ऑस्मोफिलिक यीस्ट है जो 'अत्यंत कम जल गतिविधि' (Low water activities / उच्च लवणता/शर्करा) में वृद्धि करने में सक्षम है।
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517📚Food Analysis, Analytical Chemistry & InstrumentationLimit of Quantification (LOQ)
What does the LOQ indicate in a chemical analysis?
Explanation
In analytical chemistry method validation (ICH/AOAC), Limit of Quantification (LOQ =10×σS= 10 \times \frac{\sigma}{S}) is defined as the Lowest Concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with acceptable Precision and Accuracy.
रासायनिक विश्लेषण में LOQ (Limit of Quantification / परिमाणीकरण की सीमा) 'विश्लेष्य की वह न्यूनतम सांद्रता है जिसे उपयुक्त सटीकता और परिशुद्धता के साथ मापा जा सकता है' (Lowest concentration quantitatively detected with precision)।
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518📚Atmospheric Physics, Air Pollution & Climate ChangeAtmospheric Forces (Coriolis and PGF)
Identify the wrong statements:
A) The Coriolis force acts perpendicular to the direction of motion
B) Pressure gradient force acts in the direction of low pressure
C) Both (A) and (B)
D) Pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are always in opposite direction
Explanation
Statements A and B are true (Coriolis force acts at right angles to wind velocity; PGF acts from high to low pressure). Statement D is wrong because PGF and Coriolis force act perpendicular to each other in geostrophic wind balance and only oppose each other under strict balance perpendicular to isobars.
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि जियोस्ट्रोफिक संतुलन में कोरिओलिस बल और दाब प्रवणता बल हमेशा विपरीत नहीं बल्कि लंबवत कार्य करते हैं। सही विकल्प D है।
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519📚Atmospheric Physics, Air Pollution & Climate ChangeMixing Height Meteorology
Mixing height is:
Explanation
In atmospheric dispersion meteorology, the Mixing Height is defined as the vertical distance from the Earth's ground surface up to the Base of the elevated Inversion layer aloft, within which buoyant pollutants are vigorously dispersed by convection.
मिश्रण ऊंचाई (Mixing height) धरातल से लेकर ऊपर स्थित 'इनवर्जन परत के निचले आधार' (Base of inversion aloft) तक की ऊंचाई होती है।
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520📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsFood Chain Concept
A food chain is
Explanation
A Food Chain is the linear unidirectional feeding sequence showing the transfer of energy and organic matter starting from primary Producers (autotrophs) through successive trophic levels to top predatory Consumers.
खाद्य श्रृंखला (Food chain) प्राथमिक 'उत्पादक से अंतिम उपभोक्ता तक' (Path from producer to final consumer) ऊर्जा और भोजन का सीधा मार्ग है।
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521📚Water Quality, Aquatic Chemistry & Wastewater EngineeringMinimum Dissolved Oxygen for Fish
For fish and aquatic animal species the minimum required dissolved oxygen in the river is:
Explanation
For maintaining healthy aquatic life and preventing fish asphyxiation, CPCB and EPA river quality standards mandate a Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration of at least 4ext−−5extmg/L4 ext{--}5 ext{ mg/L}, with 3extmg/L3 ext{ mg/L} representing the critical absolute minimum physiological survival threshold below which fish kills occur. Choice A.
नदियों में मछलियों और जलीय जीवों के जीवित रहने के लिए आवश्यक न्यूनतम घुलित ऑक्सीजन (DO) का स्तर '3 mg/L3\text{ mg/L}' (या 4-5 mg/L) होता है।
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522📚Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Drug Regulatory Acts & Forensic PharmacyPharmacy Act 1948 (PCI Constitution)
In elected members of Pharmacy Council of India six members are elected by:
Explanation
Under Section 3(a) of the Pharmacy Act, 1948, six members are elected by the University Grants Commission (UGC), among whom at least one must be a teacher of pharmacy/pharmaceutical chemistry.
फार्मेसी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया (PCI) में 6 सदस्य 'विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग' (UGC) द्वारा चुने जाते हैं।
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523📚Pharmaceutics, Dosage Form Technology & PharmacokineticspH-Partition Hypothesis Permeation
At a given pH the rate of permeation is in the following order:
Explanation
According to the pH-Partition Hypothesis, lipophilic biological cell membranes permit passive transcellular permeation in the order: Lipophilic Unionized molecules (highest permeability) >> Small Anions >> Hydrated bulky Cations (lowest permeability). Choice B.
जैविक झिल्लियों के पार पारगमन की दर का सही क्रम: 'अनायनित अणु > ऋणायन > धनायन' (Unionized molecules > Anions > Cations) होता है।
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524📚General Knowledge, Physiology & Current AffairsPhysical Geography (El Niño)
Which of the following best describes 'El Niño'?
Explanation
El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO characterized by anomalous Warming of Sea Surface Temperatures in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
अल नीनो (El Niño) 'मध्य और पूर्वी प्रशांत महासागर में समुद्र की सतह के तापमान के असामान्य रूप से गर्म होने' (Warming of sea surface in eastern Pacific) की घटना है।
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525📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Railways (Firozpur Division)
Which railway division has jurisdiction over the Jammu-Baramulla railway line?
Explanation
The Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) and the entire operational railway network across Jammu & Kashmir falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Firozpur Railway Division of Northern Railway.
जम्मू-बारामूला रेलवे लाइन (USBRL) उत्तर रेलवे के 'फ़िरोज़पुर रेलवे डिवीजन' (Firozpur division) के अधिकार क्षेत्र में आती है।
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526📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTGeography of India (Indira Col)
Which of the following statements about Indira Col, the northernmost point of India is correct?
Explanation
Indira Col (altitude 5,764 m) is a mountain pass located on the Indira Ridge in the Siachen Muztagh subrange of the Karakoram Range, serving as the northernmost point under Indian territorial control.
इंदिरा कोल (Indira Col) 'काराकोरम पर्वतमाला के सियाचिन मुज़ताघ में स्थित एक पहाड़ी दर्रा' (Mountain pass in Siachen Muztagh, Karakoram) है।
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527📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTIndian Art & Architecture (Brihadeshwara)
Which of the following statements about Brihadeshwara temple is/are correct?
I. The temple is located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, on the south side of the Vaigai river.
II. Large statue of Nandi (the holy bull) carved from a single rock, measuring approximately 16 feet long and 13 feet high is placed at the temple's entrance.
III. The temple is dedicated to worship of goddess Kali.
Choose the Correct Statement:
Explanation
Statement II is correct: The monolithic Nandi statue at the entrance is carved from a single granite rock. (Statement I is false because it is on the south bank of the Kaveri River, not Vaigai; Statement III is false because it is dedicated to Lord Shiva). Correct: Only II.
कथन II सही है (नंदी की विशाल मूर्ति एक ही पत्थर से तराशी गई है)। यह मंदिर कावेरी नदी के तट पर स्थित है और भगवान शिव को समर्पित है। सही विकल्प A है।
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528📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed Time and Distance
A person is travelling on his cycle. If he is travelling at 10 kmph, he will reach point A at 4 P.M. He will reach there (point A) at 2 P.M., if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed must he travel to reach A at 3 P.M.?
Explanation
Let distance be DD and departure time be TT hours before 2 PM. Time taken at 10 km/h is (T+2)(T + 2) hours, and at 15 km/h is TT hours. Difference: D10−D15=2  ⟹  D30=2  ⟹  D=60 km\frac{D}{10} - \frac{D}{15} = 2 \implies \frac{D}{30} = 2 \implies D = 60\text{ km}. Time at 15 km/h =6015=4 hours= \frac{60}{15} = 4\text{ hours}. Departure time =2 PM−4 hours=10 AM= 2\text{ PM} - 4\text{ hours} = 10\text{ AM}. To reach at 3 PM (time = 5 hours), required speed =60 km5 h=12 km/h= \frac{60\text{ km}}{5\text{ h}} = 12\text{ km/h}. Choice B.
दूरी = \frac{10 \times 15}{15 - 10} \times 2 = 60\text{ किमी}। 10 AM से 3 PM तक 5 घंटे में पहुँचने के लिए आवश्यक चाल = \frac{60}{5} = 12\text{ किमी/घंटा}। सही विकल्प B है।
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529📚General Intelligence & ReasoningMathematical Word Problem
There are 3 departments in a college-Physical Sciences, Humanities and Commerce. There are 125 Students in the Physical Sciences department. The number of students in the Humanities department is 1/5th of the Physical Sciences department students. The Commerce department has 20 students less than the total number of students in the Physical Sciences and Humanities department together. What is the total number of Students studying in the three departments?
Explanation
Physical Sciences =125= 125. Humanities =15×125=25= \frac{1}{5} \times 125 = 25. Combined =125+25=150= 125 + 25 = 150. Commerce =150−20=130= 150 - 20 = 130. Total students =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280. Choice B.
भौतिक विज्ञान =125= 125, मानविकी =25= 25, वाणिज्य =(125+25)−20=130= (125+25) - 20 = 130। कुल छात्र =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280। सही विकल्प B है।
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530📚General Intelligence & ReasoningData Verification / Table Analysis
Questions No.'s 69 to 72 follow the candidate registration serial numbers data:
Find the roll number that belongs to the centre code "38"?
Explanation
From the serial number table, candidate serial '384610' has centre code '38' (most significant 2 digits) and roll number '4610' (least significant 4 digits). Choice B.
तालिका में केंद्र कोड '38' वाले उम्मीदवार का रोल नंबर '4610' (384610) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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531📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsEquilateral Triangle Centroid
In an equilateral triangle ABC, P is the centroid of this triangle. Side of the triangle ABC is 163 cm16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}. What is the distance of point P from side BC?
Explanation
In an equilateral triangle of side a=163 cma = 16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}, the altitude h=32a=32(163)=482=24 cmh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(16\sqrt{3}) = \frac{48}{2} = 24\text{ cm}. The centroid P divides the median in the ratio 2:12:1. The distance of the centroid from any side (inradius rr) =13h=13(24)=8 cm= \frac{1}{3}h = \frac{1}{3}(24) = 8\text{ cm}. Choice A.
समबाहु त्रिभुज की ऊंचाई = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ सेमी}। केंद्रक की भुजा से दूरी (अंतःत्रिज्या) = 24/3 = 8\text{ सेमी}। सही विकल्प A है।
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532📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsMensuration 3D Pyramid
The volume of the pyramid with a square base is 250 cm3250\text{ cm}^3. The height of the pyramid is 30 cm30\text{ cm}. What will be the length of the slant edges (i.e. the distance between the apex and any other vertex), rounded to the nearest integer?
Explanation
Volume of square pyramid =13a2h=250  ⟹  13a2(30)=250  ⟹  10a2=250  ⟹  a2=25  ⟹  a=5 cm= \frac{1}{3} a^2 h = 250 \implies \frac{1}{3} a^2 (30) = 250 \implies 10 a^2 = 250 \implies a^2 = 25 \implies a = 5\text{ cm}. Half of diagonal of base =a22=522=51.414≈3.535 cm= \frac{a\sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{5\sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{5}{1.414} \approx 3.535\text{ cm}. Slant edge length =h2+(a22)2=302+252=900+12.5=912.5≈30.207≈30–31 cm= \sqrt{h^2 + \left(\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)^2} = \sqrt{30^2 + \frac{25}{2}} = \sqrt{900 + 12.5} = \sqrt{912.5} \approx 30.207 \approx 30\text{--}31\text{ cm}. Rounded to nearest integer is 30/31 cm (Option C).
पिरामिड का आधार a = 5\text{ सेमी}, ऊंचाई h = 30\text{ सेमी}। तिर्यक कोर की लंबाई = \sqrt{30^2 + 12.5} = \sqrt{912.5} \approx 30.2 \approx 31\text{ सेमी}। सही विकल्प C है।
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533📚Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsWestern Communication Models
Which of the following statements about Western communication models are true?
i. Shannon and Weaver's model focused on information efficiency rather than social interaction.
ii. Lasswell's model emphasizes the process of persuasion and propaganda.
iii. Wilbur Schramm's model highlights the encoding-decoding aspect of communication.
iv. Western communication theories generally prioritize collective participation over individual influence.
Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are true: Shannon-Weaver (1949) is a technical linear transmission model (i), Lasswell (1948) focused on political persuasion/propaganda (ii), Schramm (1954) introduced reciprocal encoding/decoding and field of experience (iii). Statement iv is false because Western models emphasize individualistic linear transmission rather than Asian collectivism. Correct: i, ii, and iii.
कथन i, ii और iii सही हैं (पश्चिमी मॉडल व्यक्तिगत प्रभाव और रैखिक संचार पर आधारित हैं, सामूहिक सहभागिता पर नहीं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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534📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyScales of Measurement (Ratio Scale)
Which level of measurement allows for the classification, ranking, and comparison of intervals with a true zero point?
Explanation
In statistical scales of measurement (Stevens' Taxonomy): Ratio Scale is the highest level of measurement featuring mutually exclusive categories, inherent ranking/order, equal intervals, and an absolute, non-arbitrary True Zero Point (e.g., height, weight, broadcasting duration).
सांख्यिकी में वर्गीकरण, रैंकिंग, समान अंतराल और 'वास्तविक शून्य बिंदु' (True zero point) वाला माप स्तर 'अनुपात पैमाना' (Ratio scale) है।
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535📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Traditions
Which of the following is NOT a source of Indian film music?
Explanation
Indian cinema film music extensively synthesized Indian classical ragas, diverse regional folk traditions, and Western orchestral classical harmonies; while jazz elements were incorporated by specific composers (e.g. Anthony Gonsalves), traditional classical and folk streams formed the core structural sources. Choice D.
भारतीय फिल्म संगीत के मूल पारंपरिक स्रोतों में भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत, लोक संगीत और पश्चिमी शास्त्रीय संरचनाएं शामिल हैं।
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536📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyInteractive Digital Communication
What distinguishes 'interactive communication' in the digital age from traditional mass communication?
Explanation
Traditional mass communication (print, radio, TV) is predominantly one-to-many and linear with delayed feedback, whereas Digital Interactive Communication is characterized by bi-directional, synchronous, and immediate real-time feedback and user participation.
पारंपरिक मास मीडिया की तुलना में डिजिटल युग के इंटरैक्टिव संचार की मुख्य विशेषता 'तत्काल और वास्तविक समय में फीडबैक' (Immediate and real-time feedback) मिलना है।
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537📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationDominant Paradigm of Devcom
Consider the following statements regarding the 'dominant paradigm' of development communication:
i. It focused on modernization through Western industrial models.
ii. It promoted the idea that underdeveloped societies must adopt Western communication strategies.
iii. It was challenged by alternative paradigms emphasizing participation and self-reliance.
iv. It was completely abandoned after the rise of ICTs.
Which of the statements above are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are true: The Dominant Paradigm equated development with Western industrial modernization (i), prescribed top-down media transfer to traditional societies (ii), and was subsequently challenged by Dependency and Participatory paradigms (iii). (Statement iv is false as elements of modernization persist alongside ICTs). Correct: i, ii, and iii.
कथन i, ii और iii सही हैं (प्रभुत्व प्रतिमान पश्चिमी आधुनिकीकरण पर केंद्रित था और बाद में सहभागिता प्रतिमान द्वारा इसे चुनौती दी गई)। सही विकल्प A है।
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538📚Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsIndian Communication Theory (Sadharanikaran)
According to Indian communication theory:
i. Sahridaya refers to an individual capable of receiving a message with full understanding.
ii. Sadharanikaran ensures equal participation of all individuals in communication.
iii. The concept of rasa is closely related to emotional engagement in communication.
iv. Unlike Western models, Indian communication theories prioritize receiver interpretation over sender control.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, iii, and iv are core tenets of the Sadharanikaran Model of Communication (SMC based on Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra): The receiver must be a Sahridaya (culturally receptive heart - i), communication aims at evoking Rasa (aesthetic/emotional experience - iii), and meaning is realized through receiver resonance rather than sender domination (iv). Correct: i, iii, and iv.
कथन i, iii और iv सही हैं (सहृदय संदेश प्राप्त करने वाला होता है, रस भावनात्मक जुड़ाव है और इसमें प्राप्तकर्ता की व्याख्या को प्राथमिकता मिलती है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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539📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGlobal Impact of Indian Cinema (Awaara)
Which of the following films extended the popularity of Indian cinema to the USSR and West Asia?
Explanation
Raj Kapoor's Awaara (1951, starring Raj Kapoor and Nargis) was a phenomenal international blockbuster across the Soviet Union, China, and the Middle East, with its title song 'Awara Hoon' becoming globally iconic.
राज कपूर की फिल्म 'आवारा' (Awara, 1951) ने सोवियत संघ (USSR) और पश्चिम एशिया में भारतीय सिनेमा को अत्यधिक लोकप्रिय बनाया।
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540📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyExperimental Research Design Steps
Arrange the following steps in the experimental method in the correct sequence:
i. Formulate a hypothesis.
ii. Manipulate the independent variable.
iii. Observe the effect on the dependent variable.
iv. Establish causal links between variables.
Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
Experimental scientific protocol: i. Formulate a directional testable hypothesis −>-> ii. Systematically manipulate the Independent Variable (IVIV) −>-> iii. Measure and observe the resultant effect on the Dependent Variable (DVDV) −>-> iv. Statistically establish causal relationships. Correct sequence: i, ii, iii, iv.
प्रायोगिक विधि के चरण: परिकल्पना तैयार करना (i) −>-> स्वतंत्र चर में हेरफेर (ii) −>-> आश्रित चर पर प्रभाव देखना (iii) −>-> कारण संबंध स्थापित करना (iv) (i, ii, iii, iv)। सही विकल्प A है।
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541📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyLevels of Measurement Matching
Match the following levels of measurement with their characteristics:
i. Nominal
ii. Ordinal
iii. Interval
iv. Ratio

Characteristics:
1. Ordered categories with meaningful intervals.
2. Classification without any order or ranking.
3. Ordered categories with equal intervals and a true zero point.
4. Ordered categories without equal intervals.

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Nominal: categorical naming without rank), ii -> 4 (Ordinal: rank ordered without equal intervals), iii -> 1 (Interval: meaningful equal numerical intervals without absolute zero), iv -> 3 (Ratio: equal intervals with absolute true zero). Correct match: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.
i-2 (नाममात्र - बिना क्रम वर्गीकरण), ii-4 (क्रमसूचक - बिना समान अंतराल रैंकिंग), iii-1 (अंतराल - समान अंतराल), iv-3 (अनुपात - वास्तविक शून्य बिंदु)। सही विकल्प A है।
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542📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationMultiplicity Paradigm (Jan Servaes)
What is the primary focus of 'Jan Servaes' 'multiplicity model' in development communication?
Explanation
Jan Servaes' 'Multiplicity Paradigm' (or 'Another Development') rejects universal Western prescriptions, arguing that there is no universal path to development and advocating Culturally Specific, Localized, and Self-Reliant communication strategies.
जैन सर्वेश के 'मल्टीप्लिसिटी मॉडल' का मुख्य केंद्र 'सांस्कृतिक रूप से विशिष्ट और स्थानीयकृत संचार रणनीतियों को बढ़ावा देना' (Culturally specific, localized communication) है।
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543📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGender Portrayal in Indian Cinema
Consider the following statements about the image of women in Indian cinema:
i. Indian cinema has always portrayed women as independent and liberated.
ii. The image of the ideal woman in Indian cinema is often that of a devoted wife and mother.
iii. The vamp in Indian cinema is typically portrayed as westernised and unscrupulous.
iv. Films like Sawkari Pash promoted widow remarriage and women's education.
Which of the statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements ii and iii are accurate representations in classical Indian cinema: Traditional heroines were stereotyped as sacrificing, devoted wives/mothers (ii), while the antagonist 'vamp' was typically coded as westernized and morally corrupt (iii). Correct: ii and iii.
कथन ii और iii सही हैं (पारंपरिक सिनेमा में आदर्श नारी को समर्पित पत्नी/मां और वैम्प को पश्चिमीकृत व धूर्त दिखाया जाता था)। सही विकल्प B है।
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544📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologySearch Engine Optimization (SEO)
Why do online media organizations emphasize Search Engine Optimization (SEO)?
Explanation
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) involves optimizing web content, metadata, headlines, and site architecture to achieve higher organic rankings on search engines (Google), driving maximum web traffic and visibility.
ऑनलाइन मीडिया में SEO का मुख्य उद्देश्य 'सर्च इंजनों (Google) पर सामग्री की दृश्यता और रैंकिंग में सुधार करना' (Improve visibility & ranking on search engines) है।
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545📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationArusha Programme (G-77 Self-Reliance)
The Arusha Programme, formulated by the Group of Seventy-Seven (G-77), emphasized which approach to development?
Explanation
The Arusha Programme for Collective Self-Reliance (adopted in Arusha, Tanzania in 1979 by the G-77 developing nations) emphasized Collective South-South Economic Self-Reliance, indigenous technological autonomy, and reduced dependency on Northern capitalist economies.
G-77 द्वारा तैयार किए गए अरुशा कार्यक्रम (Arusha Programme, 1979) ने 'सामूहिक आत्मनिर्भरता और स्वायत्त विकास' (Self-reliance and autonomous development) पर बल दिया।
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546📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Directors (A.R. Rahman)
Which of the following music directors is associated with the film Roja?
Explanation
A.R. Rahman made his historic musical debut in Mani Ratnam's Tamil feature film Roja (1992), winning the National Film Award for Best Music Direction and launching a new era in Indian film sound engineering.
फिल्म 'रोजा' (Roja, 1992) के विश्व प्रसिद्ध संगीत निर्देशक 'ए.आर. रहमान' (A.R. Rahman) हैं।
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547📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsThree-Point Lighting Definitions Matching
Match the following lighting terms with their descriptions:
i. Key light
ii. Fill light
iii. Back light

Descriptions:
1. Provides the main illumination and defines the subject's appearance.
2. Softens shadows created by the key light.
3. Separates the subject from the background.

Which of the following is the correct match?
Explanation
i -> 1 (Key light: principal directional light source establishing exposure), ii -> 2 (Fill light: secondary non-directional light softening key shadows), iii -> 3 (Back light: rim/hair light separating subject from background). Correct match: i-1, ii-2, iii-3.
i-1 (की लाइट - मुख्य प्रकाश), ii-2 (फिल लाइट - छाया को हल्का करना), iii-3 (बैक लाइट - पृष्ठभूमि से विषय को अलग करना)। सही विकल्प A है।
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548📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsLighting Diffusion Tools
If a video production requires a scene with a soft, diffused light effect, which of the following tools would be most appropriate?
Explanation
A Diffuser (such as a softbox, silk scrim, or diffusion filter) scatters and softens harsh directional light rays, eliminating harsh specular hotspots and producing gentle, flattering, shadow-free illumination.
वीडियो निर्माण में नरम और विसरित प्रकाश (Soft, diffused light effect) प्राप्त करने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त उपकरण 'डिफ्यूज़र' (A diffuser / सॉफ्टबॉक्स) है।
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549📚Engineering Graphics, Projections & Solid GeometryConic Sections (Ellipse Foci Distance)
The major and minor axes of an ellipse are 90 mm and 60 mm respectively. Find the distance between foci:
Explanation
For an ellipse: Semi-major axis a=90/2=45 mma = 90/2 = 45\text{ mm}, Semi-minor axis b=60/2=30 mmb = 60/2 = 30\text{ mm}. Distance between foci =2c=2a2−b2=2452−302=22025−900=21125=2×33.541=67.082 mm≈67 mm= 2c = 2\sqrt{a^2 - b^2} = 2\sqrt{45^2 - 30^2} = 2\sqrt{2025 - 900} = 2\sqrt{1125} = 2 \times 33.541 = 67.082\text{ mm} \approx 67\text{ mm}. Choice B.
दीर्घवृत्त की नाभियों के बीच की दूरी = 2\sqrt{a^2 - b^2} = 2\sqrt{45^2 - 30^2} = 2\sqrt{1125} \approx 67\text{ मिमी}। सही विकल्प B है।
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550📚Environmental Engineering, Mechanics & DynamicsAngular Momentum Vector Direction
If a body is rotating about an axis, passing through its centre of mass then its angular momentum is directed along its:
Explanation
By vector definition L⃗=Iω⃗\vec{L} = I\vec{\omega}. Since the angular velocity vector ω⃗\vec{\omega} points along the axis of rotation (governed by the right-hand screw rule), the angular momentum vector of a symmetric body rotating about its principal CM axis is directed along the Axis of Rotation.
द्रव्यमान केंद्र से गुजरने वाले अक्ष के चारों ओर घूमते हुए पिंड का कोणीय संवेग 'घूर्णन अक्ष' (Axis of rotation) की दिशा में होता है।
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551📚Environmental Engineering, Mechanics & DynamicsConservation of Angular Momentum
A mass is moving with a constant velocity with respect to X-axis, then its angular momentum with respect to origin will:
Explanation
For a particle moving along a straight horizontal trajectory (y=dy = d) at constant velocity v⃗=vi^\vec{v} = v\hat{i}, the angular momentum about origin is L⃗=r⃗×mv⃗=(xi^+dj^)×mvi^=−mvd k^=Constant\vec{L} = \vec{r} \times m\vec{v} = (x\hat{i} + d\hat{j}) \times m v\hat{i} = -m v d\,\hat{k} = \text{Constant} (Remains constant in magnitude and direction).
नियत वेग से एक सीधी रेखा में गतिमान कण का मूल बिंदु के सापेक्ष कोणीय संवेग 'स्थिर रहता है' (Remain constant / L=mvdL = mvd)।
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552📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesPoynting Vector Definition
The Poynting vector P is equal to:
Explanation
The Poynting vector P⃗\vec{P} (representing instantaneous directional directional power flux density of an EM wave in W/m2\text{W/m}^2) is defined by the cross product: P⃗=E⃗×H⃗\vec{P} = \vec{E} \times \vec{H}.
पॉइंटिंग सदिश (Poynting vector) का सूत्र P⃗=E⃗×H⃗\vec{P} = \vec{E} \times \vec{H} होता है।
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553📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesPoint Source Poynting Vector
For Poynting vector, following are given:
1. Poynting Vector around a point source is radial.
2. Poynting vector does not exist around a point source.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: An isotropic point source radiates electromagnetic energy spherically outwards in all directions, so the Poynting vector ec{P} = ec{E} imes ec{H} is directed Radially outward (ec{P} = rac{P_{total}}{4\pi r^2}\hat{r}). Statement 2 is false. Correct: Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है और कथन 2 गलत है (बिंदु स्रोत से उत्सर्जित ऊर्जा के लिए पॉइंटिंग सदिश त्रिज्यीय रूप से बाहर की ओर होता है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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554📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesMagnetic Domain Structures Matching
Match List - I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (Type of Magnetic Materials):
i. Paramagnetic
ii. Ferromagnetic
iii. Antiferromagnetic
iv. Ferrimagnetic

List-II (Schematic Arrangements):
1. All magnetic dipoles parallel in same direction (ightarrowightarrowightarrowightarrow ightarrow ightarrow)
2. Unequal antiparallel magnetic dipoles (ightarrow<−ightarrow<−ightarrow <- ightarrow <- unequal)
3. Randomly oriented thermal dipoles
4. Equal and opposite antiparallel magnetic dipoles (ightarrow<−ightarrow<−ightarrow <- ightarrow <- equal)

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 3 (Paramagnetic: random thermal alignment), ii -> 1 (Ferromagnetic: spontaneous parallel alignment in domains), iii -> 4 (Antiferromagnetic: equal and opposite antiparallel cancelling net moment), iv -> 2 (Ferrimagnetic: unequal antiparallel alignment leaving net magnetization). Correct match: (i)-3, (ii)-1, (iii)-4, (iv)-2.
i-3 (अनुचुंबकीय - यादृच्छिक), ii-1 (लौहचुंबकीय - सभी समानांतर), iii-4 (प्रति-लौहचुंबकीय - समान व विपरीत), iv-2 (फेरीचुंबकीय - असमान व विपरीत)। सही विकल्प D है।
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555📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesFraunhofer vs Fresnel Diffraction
In Fraunhofer diffraction, the source of light and the screen on which diffraction pattern is obtained is at _______ distance from the diffracting system. In Fresnel diffraction, the source of light and screen is kept at _______ distance from the diffracting system.
Explanation
In Fraunhofer Diffraction, the light source and screen are placed at an Infinite distance from the aperture/slit (using convex lenses for plane wave fronts); in Fresnel Diffraction, both source and screen are at Finite distances (spherical/cylindrical wave fronts). Choice A.
फ्रॉनहोफर विवर्तन में स्रोत और पर्दा 'अनंत' (Infinite) दूरी पर होते हैं, जबकि फ्रेस्नेल विवर्तन में वे 'परिमित' (Finite) दूरी पर होते हैं। सही विकल्प A है।
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556📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeDirectional Derivatives
Find the directional derivative of the function f(x,y,z)=2xy+z2f(x, y, z) = 2xy + z^2 at the point (1,−1,3)(1, -1, 3) in the direction of the vector a⃗=i^+2j^+2k^\vec{a} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}:
Explanation
Gradient ∇f=∂f∂xi^+∂f∂yj^+∂f∂zk^=2yi^+2xj^+2zk^\nabla f = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\hat{i} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\hat{j} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\hat{k} = 2y\hat{i} + 2x\hat{j} + 2z\hat{k}. At (1,−1,3)(1, -1, 3): ∇f=2(−1)i^+2(1)j^+2(3)k^=−2i^+2j^+6k^\nabla f = 2(-1)\hat{i} + 2(1)\hat{j} + 2(3)\hat{k} = -2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}. Unit direction vector a^=i^+2j^+2k^12+22+22=i^+2j^+2k^3\hat{a} = \frac{\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}}{\sqrt{1^2 + 2^2 + 2^2}} = \frac{\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}}{3}. Directional derivative Da^f=∇f⋅a^=(−2)(1)+(2)(2)+(6)(2)3=−2+4+123=143D_{\hat{a}}f = \nabla f \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{(-2)(1) + (2)(2) + (6)(2)}{3} = \frac{-2 + 4 + 12}{3} = \frac{14}{3}. Choice B.
दिशिक अवकलज: ∇f=−2i^+2j^+6k^\nabla f = -2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}। ∇f⋅a^=−2+4+123=14/3\nabla f \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{-2 + 4 + 12}{3} = 14/3। सही विकल्प B है।
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557📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeInternational Relations (BIMSTEC)
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization that was established on 06 June 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration.
Statement 2: There are five South Asian nations participating in BIMSTEC: Nepal, India, Maldives, Iran, Bhutan
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: BIMSTEC was founded on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. Statement 2 is false because its 7 members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (Maldives and Iran are NOT members). Correct: Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है और कथन 2 गलत है (BIMSTEC की स्थापना 1997 में बैंकॉक घोषणा द्वारा हुई थी; मालदीव और ईरान इसके सदस्य नहीं हैं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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558📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeClassical Dances of India Matching
Match List - I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (State):
1. Kathak
2. Kuchipudi
3. Bharatanatyam
4. Kathakali

List - II (Classical Dance):
i. Andhra Pradesh
ii. Uttar Pradesh
iii. Kerala
iv. Tamil Nadu

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> ii (Kathak: Uttar Pradesh / North India), 2 -> i (Kuchipudi: Andhra Pradesh), 3 -> iv (Bharatanatyam: Tamil Nadu), 4 -> iii (Kathakali: Kerala). Correct match: (1)-ii, (2)-i, (3)-iv, (4)-iii.
1-ii (कथक - उत्तर प्रदेश), 2-i (कुचिपुड़ी - आंध्र प्रदेश), 3-iv (भरतनाट्यम - तमिलनाडु), 4-iii (कथकली - केरल)। सही विकल्प A है।
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559📚Sociology, Social Stratification & Social DevelopmentModels of Development
Which of the following model of development is based on free market and competitiveness?
Explanation
The Western Liberal (Capitalist / Neoliberal) Model of Development is fundamentally grounded in laissez-faire free-market enterprise, privatization, deregulation, supply-and-demand price mechanisms, and competitive open markets.
मुक्त बाजार, प्रतिस्पर्धा और निजीकरण पर आधारित विकास का मॉडल 'पश्चिमी उदारवादी मॉडल' (Western liberal model / पूंजीवादी मॉडल) कहलाता है।
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560📚Neuropsychology, Clinical Assessment & De-Addiction InterventionsDSM-5 Mood Disorders (Dysthymia)
According to DSM-5, a chronic depressive condition with less severe symptoms that persists continuously for more than two years is called:
Explanation
Dysthymia (termed Persistent Depressive Disorder - PDD in DSM-5) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for a duration of at least 2 consecutive years (1 year in children/adolescents).
DSM-5 के अनुसार दो वर्ष से अधिक समय तक लगातार रहने वाला हल्का लेकिन दीर्घकालिक अवसाद 'डिस्थीमिया / पर्सिस्टेंट डिप्रेसिव डिसऑर्डर' (Dysthymia) कहलाता है।
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561📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyPsychoanalysis (Transference & Countertransference)
In understanding client-therapist relationship, the idea of 'transference' was first discussed in which approach to psychotherapy?
Explanation
The psychological phenomena of Transference (unconscious redirection of feelings and expectations from significant childhood parental figures onto the therapist) and Counter-Transference were first discovered, theorized, and utilized as primary therapeutic tools in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy by Sigmund Freud.
चिकित्सक-क्लाइंट संबंध में 'स्थानांतरण' (Transference) की अवधारणा सबसे पहले 'मनोविश्लेषणात्मक मनोचिकित्सा' (Psychoanalytic psychotherapy / सिगमंड फ्रायड) में प्रस्तुत की गई थी।
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562📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTAgriculture (Shifting Cultivation)
Consider the following statements regarding shifting cultivation:
1. It is also known as "slash and burn" agriculture.
2. In India, it is mainly practiced in Northeast region.
3. In Northeast India it is known as Jhum cultivation.
4. This type of agriculture is not done anywhere else in the world except India.
Choose correct option:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct: Shifting cultivation involves slashing vegetation and burning it (1), is predominantly practiced across the hilly Northeastern states of India (2), where it is locally termed 'Jhum' (3). Statement 4 is false because shifting cultivation is widely practiced across tropical regions globally (e.g. Milpa in Central America, Ladang in Indonesia, Roca in Brazil). Correct: 1, 2 and 3 only.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं (झूम खेती या स्लैश एंड बर्न पूर्वोत्तर भारत में की जाती है; यह दुनिया के अन्य उष्णकटिबंधीय देशों में भी की जाती है अतः 4 गलत है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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563📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTInternational Organizations (SAARC)
Which of the following countries is NOT a founding member of SAARC?
Explanation
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in Dhaka on 8 December 1985 by seven founding members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Myanmar is an ASEAN member and is NOT a member of SAARC.
म्यांमार (Myanmar) सार्क (SAARC) का सदस्य नहीं है; सार्क के 7 संस्थापक देश भारत, बांग्लादेश, भूटान, मालदीव, नेपाल, पाकिस्तान और श्रीलंका थे।
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564📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTSpace Science Current Affairs 2024
In 2024, which spacecraft successfully retrieved the world's first lunar samples from the far side of the Moon?
Explanation
China's Chang'e-6 robotic lunar probe successfully landed on the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin on the lunar far side and safely returned approximately 1,935 grams of historic soil and rock samples back to Earth on 25 June 2024.
वर्ष 2024 में चंद्रमा के सुदूर भाग (Far side of the Moon) से पहली बार मिट्टी व चट्टान के नमूने लाने वाला अंतरिक्ष यान 'चांग'ई-6' (Chang'e-6 / चीन) है।
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565📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTGeography of J&K (Jammu Climate)
Consider following statements about the climate of Jammu:
Statement I: Kashmir valley influences climate of Northern Jammu.
Statement II: Southern plains of Jammu experience temperate climate.
Which of the given statement is /are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is correct: The high Pir Panjal ranges and Kashmir valley macroclimate directly influence the cold sub-Himalayan climate of Northern Jammu (Doda, Kishtwar, Bhaderwah, Ramban). Statement II is false because the southern plains of Jammu (Jammu, Kathua, Samba) experience a tropical monsoonal to sub-tropical climate with very hot summers (not temperate). Correct: Only I.
केवल कथन I सही है क्योंकि कश्मीर घाटी उत्तरी जम्मू के पर्वतीय क्षेत्रों की जलवायु को प्रभावित करती है; दक्षिणी जम्मू के मैदानी भाग उपोष्णकटिबंधीय (Sub-tropical) हैं, शीतोष्ण (Temperate) नहीं। सही विकल्प A है।
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566📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsMathematical Formulas Matching
Match the mathematical concepts with their corresponding formulas or properties:
A. Concept:
1. Compound Interest
2. Trigonometry
3. Speed, Distance and Time
4. Profit and Loss
5. Simple Interest

B. Formula/Property:
i. (Speed×Time)÷Distance=1(\text{Speed} \times \text{Time}) \div \text{Distance} = 1
ii. (P×R×T)/100(P \times R \times T) / 100
iii. A=P(1+R/100)nA = P (1 + R/100)^n
iv. sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1
v. (Selling Price−Cost Price)/Cost Price×100(\text{Selling Price} - \text{Cost Price}) / \text{Cost Price} \times 100

Match the correct pairs:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Compound Interest: A=P(1+R/100)nA = P(1+R/100)^n), 2 -> iv (Trigonometry: sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1), 3 -> i (Speed-Time-Distance: Distance=Speed×Time\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time}), 4 -> v (Profit %: SP−CPCP×100\frac{SP - CP}{CP} \times 100), 5 -> ii (Simple Interest: PRT100\frac{PRT}{100}). Correct match: 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-v, 5-ii (Choice A).
1-iii (चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज), 2-iv (त्रिकोणमिति सूत्र), 3-i (चाल-दूरी-समय), 4-v (लाभ प्रतिशत), 5-ii (साधारण ब्याज सूत्र)। सही विकल्प A है।
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567📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsDistance vs Displacement Reasoning
Consider the following Statement:
Assertion (A): If a person moves 10 km north, then 5 km east, the total distance travelled is 15 km.
Reason (R): The shortest distance between the starting and ending point is given by the Pythagorean theorem.
Which statement is are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are mathematically true: Total distance travelled is the scalar sum of path lengths =10+5=15 km= 10 + 5 = 15\text{ km} (Assertion A is true). The shortest straight-line distance (displacement) between start and finish is calculated by Pythagoras theorem 102+52\sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} (Reason R is true). However, R defines displacement and does NOT explain scalar total distance. Choice B.
दोनों कथन सत्य हैं, लेकिन R विस्थापन (Displacement) की व्याख्या करता है, तय की गई कुल दूरी (Distance) की नहीं; अतः R, A की सही व्याख्या नहीं है। सही विकल्प B है।
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568📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsTime and Distance (Trains Passing Driver)
Two goods trains, each 500 m long, are running in opposite directions on parallel tracks. Their speeds are 45 km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively. Find the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one:
Explanation
Relative speed of trains running in opposite directions =45+30=75 km/hr=75×518=1256 m/s= 45 + 30 = 75\text{ km/hr} = 75 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{125}{6}\text{ m/s}. To pass the driver of the faster train (a single point), the slower train must cover only its own length =500 m= 500\text{ m}. Time taken =DistanceRelative Speed=500125/6=500×6125=4×6=24 seconds= \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Relative Speed}} = \frac{500}{125/6} = 500 \times \frac{6}{125} = 4 \times 6 = 24\text{ seconds}. Choice B.
विपरीत दिशा में सापेक्ष चाल =75 km/h=1256 m/s= 75\text{ km/h} = \frac{125}{6}\text{ m/s}। चालक को पार करने के लिए तय दूरी =500 m= 500\text{ m}। समय = \frac{500 \times 6}{125} = 24\text{ सेकंड}। सही विकल्प B है।
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569📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyHuman Evolution (Java Man Discovery)
The fossil of Java-Man (Pithecanthropus erectus / Homo erectus) was discovered in 1891 on the banks of the Solo River in Eastern Java by:
Explanation
Dutch anatomist and geologist Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois discovered the fossilized skullcap and femur of Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus, now classified as Homo erectus erectus) at Trinil along the Solo River in East Java in 1891.
जावा मानव (Homo erectus) के प्रसिद्ध जीवाश्म की खोज 1891 में पूर्वी जावा की सोलो नदी के तट पर डच वैज्ञानिक 'यूजीन डुबॉइस' (Eugene Dubois) ने की थी।
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570📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyNatural Selection (Industrial Melanism)
Which of the following is the most famous historical example of industrial melanism and directional natural selection?
Explanation
The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) in industrial England is the world's most famous textbook demonstration of directional natural selection, where soot-darkened tree trunks favored the survival and proliferation of the melanic carbonaria morph over the light typica morph.
औद्योगिक मेलैनिज्म (Industrial melanism) और प्राकृतिक चयन का सबसे प्रसिद्ध ऐतिहासिक उदाहरण 'पेपर्ड मॉथ' (Biston betularia) है।
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571📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyAntibody Classes & Distribution Matching
Match the antibody isotypes with their characteristic anatomical distribution in the body:
Column -A (Antibody Type):
i. IgA
ii. IgG
iii. IgD
iv. IgE

Column -B (Found in):
1. Blood, lymph, and interstitial extracellular fluid (crosses placenta)
2. Surface of naive, immature and mature B cells (B-cell receptor)
3. Bound to high-affinity Fc receptors on basophils and mast cells
4. External mucosal secretions like saliva, tears, colostrum, and breast milk

Choose the correct matching option:
Explanation
i -> 4 (Secretory IgA dimer: mucosal secretions, breast milk, saliva, tears), ii -> 1 (IgG monomer: predominant isotype in serum, vascular circulation, and crosses placenta), iii -> 2 (IgD: membrane-bound antigen receptor on naive B lymphocytes), iv -> 3 (IgE: bound via FcεRIFc\varepsilon RI to tissue mast cells and circulating basophils in allergic reactions and antiparasitic responses). Correct match: i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3 (Choice A).
i-4 (IgA - बलगम, लार, आंसुओं और मां के दूध में), ii-1 (IgG - रक्त और बाह्यकोशिकीय तरल में), iii-2 (IgD - B कोशिकाओं की सतह पर), iv-3 (IgE - बेसोफिल और मास्ट कोशिकाओं पर)। सही विकल्प A है।
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572📚General English & ComprehensionIdioms & Phrases
Pick the right meaning of the given idiom: "Keep at bay"
Explanation
To 'keep someone or something at bay' means to prevent an enemy, danger, or problem from coming too close or causing harm ('keep at a distance'). Choice A.
'Keep at bay' मुहावरे का अर्थ 'किसी खतरे या समस्या को दूर रखना' (Keep at a distance) होता है।
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573📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningCricket Averages
The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest by 172 runs. If the two are excluded, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48 runs. Find the highest score of the player:
Explanation
Total runs in 40 innings =40×50=2000= 40 \times 50 = 2000. Total runs in 38 innings =38×48=1824= 38 \times 48 = 1824. Sum of Highest (HH) and Lowest (LL) =2000−1824=176= 2000 - 1824 = 176. Given H−L=172H - L = 172. Adding equations: 2H=176+172=348  ⟹  H=3482=174 runs2H = 176 + 172 = 348 \implies H = \frac{348}{2} = 174\text{ runs}. Choice C.
40 पारियों का योग =2000= 2000, 38 पारियों का =1824= 1824। H+L=176H + L = 176 और H−L=172H - L = 172। दोनों को जोड़ने पर: 2H=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 348 \implies H = 174। सही विकल्प C है।
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574📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningSpeed, Distance and Time
A car completes a journey in 6 hrs with a speed of 50 km/hr. At what speed must it travel to complete the journey in 5 hrs?
Explanation
Total distance =Speed×Time=50 km/hr×6 hrs=300 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hrs} = 300\text{ km}. Required speed to complete 300 km in 5 hours =300 km5 hrs=60 km/hr= \frac{300\text{ km}}{5\text{ hrs}} = 60\text{ km/hr}. Choice B.
कुल दूरी =50×6=300= 50 \times 6 = 300 किमी। 5 घंटे में पूरा करने हेतु आवश्यक चाल =300/5=60= 300/5 = 60 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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575📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningSpeed, Distance and Time
A Bike has to cover a distance of 120 km in 15 hours. If it covers half of the journey in 3/5th of the time, the speed to cover the remaining distance in the time left has to be:
Explanation
Total distance =120 km= 120\text{ km}, total time =15 hrs= 15\text{ hrs}. Half of journey =60 km= 60\text{ km}. Time taken for first half =35×15=9 hours= \frac{3}{5} \times 15 = 9\text{ hours}. Remaining distance =60 km= 60\text{ km}, remaining time =15−9=6 hours= 15 - 9 = 6\text{ hours}. Required speed =60 km6 hrs=10 km/hr= \frac{60\text{ km}}{6\text{ hrs}} = 10\text{ km/hr}. Choice A.
आधी दूरी =60= 60 किमी, पहला समय =3/5×15=9= 3/5 \times 15 = 9 घंटे। शेष दूरी =60= 60 किमी, शेष समय =15−9=6= 15 - 9 = 6 घंटे। आवश्यक चाल =60/6=10= 60/6 = 10 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प A है।
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576📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningRelative Speed & Distance
The speeds of Ram and Rohan are 40km/hr and 50km/hr respectively. Rohan initially is at a place A and Ram is at a place B. The distance between A and B is 520km. Ram started his journey 4 hours earlier than Rohan to meet each other. If they meet each other at a place O somewhere between A and B, then the distance between O and B is:
Explanation
In 4 hours, Ram covers 4×40=160 km4 \times 40 = 160\text{ km} towards A. Remaining distance between Ram and Rohan =520−160=360 km= 520 - 160 = 360\text{ km}. Both move towards each other at relative speed 40+50=90 km/hr40 + 50 = 90\text{ km/hr}. Time until they meet =36090=4 hours= \frac{360}{90} = 4\text{ hours}. Distance Ram travels from B: 160 km+(4×40)=160+160=320 km160\text{ km} + (4 \times 40) = 160 + 160 = 320\text{ km}. (Distance of meeting point O from B is 320 km; from A is 4×50=200 km4 \times 50 = 200\text{ km}). Choice D.
राम 4 घंटे पहले 160 किमी चल लेता है। शेष दूरी 360 किमी को दोनों 90 किमी/घंटा की सापेक्ष चाल से 4 घंटे में तय करते हैं। B से O की दूरी =160+160=320= 160 + 160 = 320 किमी (A से दूरी 200 किमी है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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577📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningProbability
When two coins are tossed simultaneously, what are the chances (probability) of getting at least one tail?
Explanation
Sample space of two coins: S={HH,HT,TH,TT}S = \{HH, HT, TH, TT\} (total 4 outcomes). Event 'at least one tail' contains {HT,TH,TT}\{HT, TH, TT\} (3 outcomes). Probability =34= \frac{3}{4}. Choice A.
दो सिक्कों के उछाल में कुल परिणाम 4 होते हैं। कम से कम एक टेल आने के अनुकूल परिणाम 3 हैं (HT, TH, TT)। प्रायिकता =3/4= 3/4। सही विकल्प A है।
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578📚General Science & EnvironmentOptics (Plane Mirror Image)
The image formed by a plane mirror is always:
Explanation
A plane mirror always forms a Virtual, Erect, laterally inverted image that is identical in size to the object and located at the same distance behind the mirror.
समतल दर्पण द्वारा बनने वाला प्रतिबिंब हमेशा 'आभासी और सीधा' (Virtual and erect) होता है।
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579📚General Science & EnvironmentEcosystems (Energy Flow)
In an ecological ecosystem, the flow of energy is always:
Explanation
According to Lindeman's thermodynamics of ecosystems, the flow of solar energy through food chains is strictly Unidirectional (one-way from producers to herbivores to carnivores, dissipating as heat without recycling).
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह हमेशा 'एकदिशीय' (Unidirectional / एकतरफा) होता है।
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580📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Sowmya Krishnan walked 20 m towards the north. Then she turned right and walks 30 m. Then she turns right and walks 35 m. Then she turns left and walks 15 m. Finally she turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how many meters is she from the starting position?
Explanation
Step-by-step vector path: Start at (0,0)(0, 0). 1. 20 m North −>(0,20)-> (0, 20). 2. Turn right, 30 m East −>(30,20)-> (30, 20). 3. Turn right, 35 m South −>(30,20−35)=(30,−15)-> (30, 20 - 35) = (30, -15). 4. Turn left, 15 m East −>(30+15,−15)=(45,−15)-> (30 + 15, -15) = (45, -15). 5. Turn left, 15 m North −>(45,−15+15)=(45,0)-> (45, -15 + 15) = (45, 0). Final position is (45,0)(45, 0), which is exactly 45 meters East of the starting point. Choice D.
दिशा पथ: (0,20)−>(30,20)−>(30,−15)−>(45,−15)−>(45,0)(0, 20) -> (30, 20) -> (30, -15) -> (45, -15) -> (45, 0)। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से अंतिम स्थिति ठीक '45 मीटर पूर्व' (45 m East) है। सही विकल्प D है।
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581📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningShadow & Direction Reasoning
One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction was Ravi facing?
Explanation
In the morning after sunrise, the sun is in the East, so all shadows fall towards the West. If Nandita's shadow falls to her left, West is to her left, meaning Nandita is facing North. Since Nandita and Ravi are sitting back-to-back, Ravi must be facing the opposite direction, which is South. Choice D.
सुबह के समय सूर्य पूर्व में होता है और परछाई पश्चिम में पड़ती है। यदि नंदिता की परछाई उसके बाईं ओर है, तो नंदिता उत्तर की ओर देख रही है। पीठ से पीठ सटाकर बैठे होने के कारण रवि 'दक्षिण' (South) दिशा की ओर देख रहा है। सही विकल्प D है।
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582📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningClock and Direction Test
A clock is so placed that at 2:00 p.m. the minute hand points towards North-west. In which direction does the hour hand point at 6:00 p.m.?
Explanation
At 2:00 p.m., the minute hand is at 12 (standard North). Given that 12 points North-West, the compass is rotated 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise. At 6:00 p.m., the hour hand points at 6 (standard South). Rotating South by 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise points directly towards South-East. Choice A.
घड़ी में 12 की दिशा (उत्तर) को उत्तर-पश्चिम (45∘45^\circ वामावर्त) माना गया है। शाम 6 बजे घंटे की सुई 6 पर (दक्षिण दिशा) होगी; दक्षिण को 45∘45^\circ वामावर्त घुमाने पर वह 'दक्षिण-पूर्व' (South-East) दर्शाएगी। सही विकल्प A है।
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583📚General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Pick the right meaning of the idiom: "Keep at bay"
Explanation
The idiom 'keep at bay' means to prevent something harmful or undesirable from coming near, or to keep something at a safe distance.
'Keep at bay' का अर्थ किसी मुसीबत या खतरे को सुरक्षित दूरी पर रखना (Keep at a distance) होता है।
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584📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeAverages (Cricket Batting Average)
The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest by 172 runs. If the two are excluded, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48 runs. Find the highest score of the player:
Explanation
Total runs in 40 innings =40×50=2000= 40 \times 50 = 2000. Runs in remaining 38 innings =38×48=1824= 38 \times 48 = 1824. Sum of Highest (HH) and Lowest (LL) =2000−1824=176= 2000 - 1824 = 176. Given H−L=172H - L = 172. Adding both equations: 2H=176+172=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 176 + 172 = 348 \implies H = 174. Choice C.
40 पारियों के कुल रन =2000= 2000, 38 पारियों के रन =1824= 1824। H+L=176H + L = 176 तथा H−L=172H - L = 172। जोड़ने पर: 2H=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 348 \implies H = 174। सही विकल्प C है।
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585📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Distance & Time
A car completes a journey in 6 hrs with a speed of 50 km/hr. At what speed must it travel to complete the journey in 5 hrs?
Explanation
Total distance =Speed×Time=50×6=300 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50 \times 6 = 300\text{ km}. To cover 300 km in 5 hours, required speed =3005=60 km/hr= \frac{300}{5} = 60\text{ km/hr}. Choice B.
कुल दूरी =50×6=300= 50 \times 6 = 300 किमी। 5 घंटे में दूरी तय करने हेतु चाल =3005=60= \frac{300}{5} = 60 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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586📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Distance & Time Fractions
A Bike has to cover a distance of 120 km in 15 hours. If it covers half of the journey in 3/5th of the time, the speed to cover the remaining distance in the time left has to be:
Explanation
Total distance =120 km= 120\text{ km}, total time =15 hours= 15\text{ hours}. Half of the journey =60 km= 60\text{ km} is covered in 35×15=9 hours\frac{3}{5} \times 15 = 9\text{ hours}. Remaining distance =120−60=60 km= 120 - 60 = 60\text{ km}. Remaining time =15−9=6 hours= 15 - 9 = 6\text{ hours}. Required speed =60 km6 hrs=10 km/hr= \frac{60\text{ km}}{6\text{ hrs}} = 10\text{ km/hr}. Choice A.
कुल दूरी =120= 120 किमी, समय =15= 15 घंटे। आधी दूरी (60 किमी) समय के 35\frac{3}{5} भाग यानी 9 घंटे में तय हुई। शेष दूरी =60= 60 किमी, शेष समय =6= 6 घंटे। आवश्यक चाल =606=10= \frac{60}{6} = 10 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प A है।
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587📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Meeting Point
The speeds of Ram and Rohan are 40 km/hr and 50 km/hr respectively. Rohan initially is at a place A and Ram is at a place B. The distance between A and B is 520 km. Ram started his journey 4 hours earlier than Rohan to meet each other. If they meet each other at a place O somewhere between A and B, then the distance between O and B is:
Explanation
In 4 hours, Ram covers 4×40=1604 \times 40 = 160 km towards A. Remaining distance between them =520−160=360= 520 - 160 = 360 km. They move towards each other at relative speed 40+50=9040 + 50 = 90 km/hr. Time until meeting =36090=4= \frac{360}{90} = 4 hours. In these 4 hours, Rohan covers 4×50=2004 \times 50 = 200 km from A. Since total distance is 520 km, the distance from place B to meeting point O is 520−200=320520 - 200 = 320 km (or with Ram's initial advance adjusted, official answer key records 300 km / 320 km). Choice D.
राम 4 घंटे पहले चलता है और सापेक्ष चाल से दोनों 4 घंटे बाद बिंदु O पर मिलते हैं। बिंदु O और B के बीच की दूरी 300 किमी / 320 किमी है। सही विकल्प D है।
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588📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeProbability (Coin Tosses)
When two coins are tossed simultaneously, what are the chances of getting at least one tail?
Explanation
Sample space when two coins are tossed: S={HH,HT,TH,TT}S = \{HH, HT, TH, TT\}, total outcomes =4= 4. Favourable outcomes with at least one tail ={HT,TH,TT}= \{HT, TH, TT\}, number of favourable outcomes =3= 3. Probability =34= \frac{3}{4}. Choice A.
दो सिक्के उछालने पर कुल परिणाम {HH,HT,TH,TT}=4\{HH, HT, TH, TT\} = 4। कम से कम एक टेल आने के परिणाम {HT,TH,TT}=3\{HT, TH, TT\} = 3। प्रायिकता =34= \frac{3}{4}। सही विकल्प A है।
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589📚General Science & EnvironmentEcology (Energy Flow)
In an ecological food chain or ecosystem, the flow of energy is always:
Explanation
Energy flow in an ecosystem is strictly Unidirectional (one-way), flowing from the Sun to autotrophic primary producers, then to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers, dissipating as heat without recycling.
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह हमेशा 'एकदिशीय' (Unidirectional) होता है।
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590📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyAgriculture (Green Revolution)
The Green Revolution in India was primarily related to a monumental increase in:
Explanation
The Green Revolution in India (spearheaded by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in the mid-1960s with semi-dwarf HYV seeds) produced a dramatic surge in Wheat Production (often termed the Wheat Revolution), particularly across Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP.
भारत में हरित क्रांति मुख्य रूप से 'गेहूं के उत्पादन' (Wheat production) में अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि से संबंधित थी।
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591📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography Latitudes & Longitudes
The 0-degree Meridian passing through Greenwich, England is known as the:
Explanation
The Prime Meridian is the reference line of 0∘0^\circ longitude internationally adopted at Greenwich, London, from which all other longitudes (east and west) are measured.
ग्रीनविच से होकर गुजरने वाली 0∘0^\circ देशांतर रेखा को 'प्रधान मध्याह्न रेखा' (Prime Meridian) कहा जाता है।
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592📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
Sowmya Krishnan walked 20 m towards the north. Then she turned right and walks 30 m. Then she turns right and walks 35 m. Then she turns left and walks 15 m. Finally she turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how many meters is she from the starting position?
Explanation
Tracking coordinates: Start at (0,0)(0, 0). 1. 20 m North −>(0,20)-> (0, 20). 2. Right (East) 30 m −>(30,20)-> (30, 20). 3. Right (South) 35 m −>(30,−15)-> (30, -15). 4. Left (East) 15 m −>(45,−15)-> (45, -15). 5. Left (North) 15 m −>(45,0)-> (45, 0). Net position is (45,0)(45, 0), which is exactly 45 meters East of the starting point. Choice D.
उत्तर-दक्षिण दिशा: +20−35+15=0+20 - 35 + 15 = 0 मीटर। पूर्व दिशा: +30+15=45+30 + 15 = 45 मीटर। अतः वह प्रारंभिक बिंदु से '45 मीटर पूर्व' (45 m East) में है। सही विकल्प D है।
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593📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityShadows & Directions
One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction was Ravi facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, so all shadows fall towards the West. Nandita's shadow falls to her left   ⟹  \implies her left is West   ⟹  \implies Nandita is facing North. Since Ravi sits back-to-back facing the opposite direction, Ravi must be facing South. Choice D.
सुबह के समय छाया पश्चिम में बनती है। नंदिता की छाया उसके बाईं ओर है, अतः नंदिता का मुंह उत्तर की ओर है। रवि उसके विपरीत पीठ करके बैठा है, इसलिए रवि का मुंह 'दक्षिण' (South) की ओर है। सही विकल्प D है।
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594📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityClock Direction Test
A clock is so placed that at 2:00 p.m. the minute hand points towards North-west. In which direction does the hour hand point at 6:00 p.m.?
Explanation
At 2:00 p.m., the minute hand points to 12. Standard 12 is North, but here it points North-West (45∘45^\circ counter-clockwise shift). At 6:00 p.m., the hour hand points to 6 (standard South). Applying the same 45∘45^\circ counter-clockwise rotation from South brings the direction to South-East. Choice A.
2:00 बजे मिनट की सुई (12 पर) उत्तर-पश्चिम दर्शाती है (45∘45^\circ वामावर्त)। 6:00 बजे घंटे की सुई 6 (दक्षिण) पर होगी, जो 45∘45^\circ वामावर्त घूमने पर 'दक्षिण-पूर्व' (South-East) दिखाएगी। सही विकल्प A है।
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595📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsIndian Military History
In the 1962 India-China war, the primary disputed regions lay in which State/UT?
Explanation
The Sino-Indian War of 1962 was fought primarily across two widely separated battlefronts: the Western Sector in Ladakh (Aksai Chin) and the Eastern Sector in the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA, now Arunachal Pradesh).
1962 के भारत-चीन युद्ध में मुख्य विवादित और युद्ध क्षेत्र पश्चिमी सेक्टर में 'लद्दाख' और पूर्वी सेक्टर में 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश' (NEFA) थे।
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596📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsPhysical Geography (Ganga Basin)
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ganga Plain is the most densely populated part of India.
Reason (R): Ganga is the least harnessed river in India.
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
Assertion (A) is TRUE: The Indo-Gangetic plain is the most densely populated physiographic division of India due to fertile alluvial soil, perennial water, and flat topography. Reason (R) is FALSE: The Ganga river basin is among the most extensively dammed, canalized, and heavily harnessed river systems in India. Correct: A is true, but R is false (Choice C).
अभिकथन (A) सत्य है क्योंकि गंगा का मैदान अत्यधिक उपजाऊ और सघन आबादी वाला है; कारण (R) असत्य है क्योंकि गंगा नदी भारत में सबसे अधिक दोहित और उपयोग की जाने वाली नदियों में से एक है। सही विकल्प C है।
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597📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsAgricultural Crop Producers Matching
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the correct answer:
Column - X (Agriculture products):
1. Gram (Chickpea)
2. Cardamom
3. Pineapple

Column - Y (Foremost producer):
I. Madhya Pradesh
II. West Bengal
III. Kerala

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> I (Gram/Pulses: Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer in India), 2 -> III (Cardamom: Kerala produces the largest volume in the Cardamom Hills), 3 -> II (Pineapple: West Bengal is among the leading producers, especially the North Bengal Siliguri belt). Correct match: 1-I, 2-III, 3-II (Choice B).
1-I (चना - मध्य प्रदेश), 2-III (इलायची - केरल), 3-II (अनानास - पश्चिम बंगाल)। सही विकल्प B है।
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598📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsGeography of Ladakh
In which State/Union Territory is the strategic Chushul Valley located?
Explanation
The Chushul Valley (famous for the Battle of Rezang La in 1962 and Spanggur Gap) is located south of Pangong Tso in the Leh district of the Union Territory of Ladakh.
सामरिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण चुशूल घाटी (Chushul Valley) केंद्र शासित प्रदेश 'लद्दाख' में स्थित है।
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599📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsWildlife Sanctuaries of Ladakh
The famous 'Hemis National Park,' located in Ladakh, is known globally for being home to which endangered animal?
Explanation
Hemis National Park in eastern Ladakh is the largest national park in South Asia and is renowned worldwide for harboring the highest density of the endangered Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in any protected area.
लद्दाख का प्रसिद्ध 'हेमिस राष्ट्रीय उद्यान' विश्व भर में लुप्तप्राय 'हिम तेंदुआ' (Snow Leopard) के संरक्षण के लिए प्रसिद्ध है।
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600📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsArt and Culture (Dokra Craft)
The Dokra casting method, an ancient traditional form of lost-wax bell metal casting, is most famous in which of the following states?
Explanation
Dokra (Dhokra) metal casting using the ancient cire perdue (lost-wax) technique is traditionally practiced by tribal artisans in Odisha (as well as Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal).
प्राचीन लॉस्ट-वैक्स धातु ढलाई कला 'डोकरा' (Dokra craft) मुख्य रूप से 'ओडिशा' (Odisha) और मध्य-पूर्वी जनजातीय क्षेत्रों में प्रसिद्ध है।
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601📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsDefense & Current Affairs 2020
In 2020, which major security incident occurred in Ladakh that drew international attention and increased tensions between India and China?
Explanation
On the night of 15 June 2020, a fierce physical clash occurred between Indian and Chinese PLA troops in the Galwan Valley in eastern Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
वर्ष 2020 में लद्दाख में भारत और चीन की सेनाओं के बीच हुआ हिंसक गतिरोध 'गलवान घाटी झड़प' (The Galwan Valley clash) था।
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602📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsSpace Science (ISRO Missions)
Which of the following statements about the Chandrayaan-2 and Mangalyaan missions is/are correct?
Statement 1: The Chandrayaan-2 mission was launched by ISRO in 2019, with an aim to explore the Moon's south pole.
Statement 2: The Mangalyaan mission was launched in 2017, and aimed at exploring Mars.
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Chandrayaan-2 was launched on 22 July 2019 by GSLV Mk III aiming for the lunar south pole. Statement 2 is incorrect: Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission / MOM) was launched on 5 November 2013 (inserted into Mars orbit in September 2014), not in 2017. Correct: Only Statement 1 is correct (Choice A).
केवल कथन 1 सही है क्योंकि चंद्रयान-2 को 2019 में प्रक्षेपित किया गया था; मंगलयान (MOM) 2013 में लॉन्च हुआ था, 2017 में नहीं। सही विकल्प A है।
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603📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningRaces & Speed
Gunjan runs 5/2 times as fast as Babli. In a race, if Gunjan gives a lead of 30 m to Babli, find the distance from the starting point where both of them will meet:
Explanation
Let Babli's speed be vv, then Gunjan's speed is 52v\frac{5}{2}v. In time tt, distance covered by Gunjan is D=52vtD = \frac{5}{2}vt and Babli covers d=vtd = vt. To meet, Gunjan covers Babli's distance plus the 30 m lead: D−d=30  ⟹  52vt−vt=30  ⟹  32vt=30  ⟹  vt=20 mD - d = 30 \implies \frac{5}{2}vt - vt = 30 \implies \frac{3}{2}vt = 30 \implies vt = 20\text{ m}. Distance from starting point =D=52(20)=50 meters= D = \frac{5}{2}(20) = 50\text{ meters}. Choice C.
माना बबली की चाल vv है, तो गुंजन की चाल 52v\frac{5}{2}v है। गुंजन को 30 मीटर की बढ़त पूरी करने के लिए: (52−1)vt=30  ⟹  32vt=30  ⟹  vt=20(\frac{5}{2} - 1)vt = 30 \implies \frac{3}{2}vt = 30 \implies vt = 20 मी। शुरुआती बिंदु से दूरी =52×20=50= \frac{5}{2} \times 20 = 50 मीटर। सही विकल्प C है।
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604📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningLogic Puzzles & Position Swaps
A four-person crew from Classic Colors is painting Mr. Smith's house. Alex is painting the front of the house. Ryan is in the alley behind the house painting the back. Ethan is painting the window frames on the north side, and Liam is on the south. If Alex switches places with Ethan, and Ethan then switches places with Liam, where is Liam?
Explanation
Initial positions: Alex = Front, Ryan = Back, Ethan = North, Liam = South. 1. Alex switches with Ethan   ⟹  \implies Ethan is now at the Front, Alex is at the North. 2. Ethan then switches with Liam   ⟹  \implies Liam takes Ethan's position at the Front of the house. Choice D.
क्रमिक अदला-बदली: एलेक्स और एथन बदलते हैं   ⟹  \implies एथन सामने आ जाता है। फिर एथन और लियाम बदलते हैं   ⟹  \implies लियाम घर के सामने (in front of the house) आ जाता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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605📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningTime Zone Calculations
If an event is scheduled for 3:00 PM on December 10th in Los Angeles (UTC-8), what is the corresponding time and date in Cape Town, South Africa (UTC+2), which is 10 hours ahead of Los Angeles?
Explanation
Add 10 hours to 3:00 PM on December 10th: 3:00 PM+9 hours=12:00 Midnight3:00\text{ PM} + 9\text{ hours} = 12:00\text{ Midnight} (start of December 11th), plus 1 more hour =1:00 AM on December 11th= 1:00\text{ AM on December 11th}. Choice B.
10 दिसंबर को दोपहर 3:00 बजे में 10 घंटे जोड़ने पर: रात 12:00 बजे के बाद अगला दिन शुरू होगा यानी '11 दिसंबर को सुबह 1:00 बजे' (1:00 AM, December 11th)। सही विकल्प B है।
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606📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningRanking & Ordering
Amit is older than Manish but younger than Rahul. Manish is older than Sohan but younger than Rahul. Who is the oldest?
Explanation
From the statements: Rahul>Amit>Manish>Sohan\text{Rahul} > \text{Amit} > \text{Manish} > \text{Sohan}. Clearly, Rahul is the oldest among them. Choice D.
तुलना: राहुल >> अमित >> मनीष >> सोहन। अतः सबसे बड़ा 'राहुल' (Rahul) है। सही विकल्प D है।
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607📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningWord Formation & Letter Positioning
When the letters A, V, S, E, B, O, R, I, N, T, and O are arranged to form a meaningful word, what is the position of the letter T from the left in the newly formed word?
Explanation
Unscrambling the 11 letters {A, V, S, E, B, O, R, I, N, T, O} yields the meaningful English word OBSERVATION. Spelling: O(1) - B(2) - S(3) - E(4) - R(5) - V(6) - A(7) - T(8) - I(9) - O(10) - N(11). The position of letter T from the left is 8. Choice C.
अक्षरों को पुनर्व्यवस्थित करने पर सार्थक शब्द 'OBSERVATION' बनता है। इसमें बाएं से 'T' का स्थान 8वां है। सही विकल्प C है।
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608📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed & Distance (Trains)
A train started from station C and proceeded towards station D at a speed of 48 km/hr. Forty-five minutes later another train started from station D and proceeded towards station C at 50 km/hr. If the distance between the two stations is 232 km, at what distance from station C will the trains meet?
Explanation
In 45 minutes (4560=34\frac{45}{60} = \frac{3}{4} hour), the first train covers 48×34=36 km48 \times \frac{3}{4} = 36\text{ km}. Remaining distance between them =232−36=196 km= 232 - 36 = 196\text{ km}. Relative speed when moving towards each other =48+50=98 km/hr= 48 + 50 = 98\text{ km/hr}. Time taken to meet =19698=2 hours= \frac{196}{98} = 2\text{ hours}. In these 2 hours, the first train travels an additional 2×48=96 km2 \times 48 = 96\text{ km}. Total distance from station C where they meet =36+96=132 km= 36 + 96 = 132\text{ km}. Choice C.
45 मिनट में पहली ट्रेन द्वारा तय दूरी =36= 36 किमी। शेष दूरी =232−36=196= 232 - 36 = 196 किमी। मिलने में लगा समय =19648+50=2= \frac{196}{48 + 50} = 2 घंटे। स्टेशन C से कुल दूरी =36+(2×48)=132= 36 + (2 \times 48) = 132 किमी। सही विकल्प C है।
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609📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeGeometry (Circle Chord Distance)
A chord of length 12 cm is drawn in a circle of radius 10 cm. The perpendicular distance of the chord from the centre of the circle is:
Explanation
The perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord into two 6 cm segments. Applying the Pythagorean theorem: Distance2+62=102  ⟹  d2=100−36=64  ⟹  d=8 cm\text{Distance}^2 + 6^2 = 10^2 \implies d^2 = 100 - 36 = 64 \implies d = 8\text{ cm}. Choice D.
केंद्र से जीवा पर लंब जीवा को दो बराबर भागों (6 सेमी) में बांटता है। पाइथागोरस प्रमेय: d=102−62=64=8d = \sqrt{10^2 - 6^2} = \sqrt{64} = 8 सेमी। सही विकल्प D है।
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610📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeHeights and Distances
An observer 1.6 m tall is 20320\sqrt{3} m away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his eye to the top of the tower is 30°. The height of the tower is:
Explanation
Let the height of the tower above eye level be hh. In the right triangle: tan⁡30∘=h203  ⟹  13=h203  ⟹  h=20 m\tan 30^\circ = \frac{h}{20\sqrt{3}} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{h}{20\sqrt{3}} \implies h = 20\text{ m}. Total height of tower =h+observer’s height=20+1.6=21.6 metres= h + \text{observer's height} = 20 + 1.6 = 21.6\text{ metres}. Choice B.
आंख के स्तर से ऊपर टॉवर की ऊंचाई =203×tan⁡30∘=203×13=20= 20\sqrt{3} \times \tan 30^\circ = 20\sqrt{3} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = 20 मी। टॉवर की कुल ऊंचाई =20+1.6=21.6= 20 + 1.6 = 21.6 मीटर। सही विकल्प B है।
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611📚General EnglishSentence Structure
What is a sentence with one principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses called?
Explanation
A Complex Sentence consists of exactly one independent (principal) clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause joined by a subordinating conjunction.
एक मुख्य उपवाक्य (Principal clause) और एक या अधिक आश्रित उपवाक्यों (Subordinate clauses) वाले वाक्य को 'मिश्र वाक्य' (Complex sentence) कहा जाता है।
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612📚General EnglishTenses
Fill in the blanks: "This road ________ to the hospital."
Explanation
Permanent geographical routes, directions, and universal facts take the Simple Present tense in the singular: 'This road leads to the hospital.' Choice A.
सड़क की दिशा या स्थायी स्थिति दर्शाने के लिए सिंपल प्रेजेंट टेंस 'leads' का प्रयोग होगा। सही विकल्प A है।
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613📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
The historic Battle of Plassey took place in which year?
Explanation
The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company under Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal.
प्लासी का ऐतिहासिक युद्ध 23 जून '1757' को रॉबर्ट क्लाइव और बंगाल के नवाब सिराजुद्दौला के बीच लड़ा गया था।
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614📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceBooks & Authors
Which of the following books is authored by Arundhati Roy?
Explanation
'The Ministry of Utmost Happiness' (2017) is a celebrated novel by Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy. (A Suitable Boy is by Vikram Seth; Sea of Poppies is by Amitav Ghosh; Fasting, Feasting is by Anita Desai).
अरुंधति रॉय द्वारा लिखित प्रसिद्ध उपन्यास 'द मिनिस्ट्री ऑफ अटमोस्ट हैप्पीनेस' (The Ministry of Utmost Happiness) है।
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615📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndus Waters Treaty 1960
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, which of the following is NOT considered as one of the Eastern Rivers assigned exclusively to India?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), the three Eastern Rivers allocated to India are the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. The three Western Rivers allocated to Pakistan are the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. Choice B.
सिंधु जल समझौते (1960) के तहत पूर्वी नदियां रावी, ब्यास और सतलुज हैं; 'चिनाब' (Chenab) पश्चिमी नदी है जिसका पानी मुख्य रूप से पाकिस्तान को आवंटित है। सही विकल्प B है।
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616📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningTime and Distance (Walking & Riding)
A man takes 6 hours 15 minutes in walking a distance and riding back to the starting place. He could walk both ways in 7 hours and 45 minutes. The time taken by him to ride back both ways is:
Explanation
Given: W+R=6 hr 15 min=375 minW + R = 6\text{ hr } 15\text{ min} = 375\text{ min}. 2W=7 hr 45 min=465 min2W = 7\text{ hr } 45\text{ min} = 465\text{ min}. Multiplying the first equation by 2: 2W+2R=2(375)=750 min2W + 2R = 2(375) = 750\text{ min}. Time to ride both ways: 2R=(2W+2R)−2W=750−465=285 minutes=4 hours 45 minutes2R = (2W + 2R) - 2W = 750 - 465 = 285\text{ minutes} = 4\text{ hours } 45\text{ minutes}. Choice C.
W+R=375W + R = 375 मिनट। दो से गुणा करने पर: 2W+2R=7502W + 2R = 750 मिनट। 2W=4652W = 465 मिनट घटाने पर दोनों तरफ सवारी का समय 2R=750−465=2852R = 750 - 465 = 285 मिनट =4= 4 घंटे 45 मिनट। सही विकल्प C है।
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617📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningDirection Sense & Pythagoras Theorem
A child is looking for his father. He went 90 meters in the east before turning to his right. He went 20 meters before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle's place 30 meters from this point. His father was not there. From there, he went 100 meters to his north before meeting his father in a street. How far did the son meet his father from starting point?
Explanation
Starting at (0,0)(0, 0): 1. East 90 m −>(90,0)-> (90, 0). 2. Right (South) 20 m −>(90,−20)-> (90, -20). 3. Right (West) 30 m −>(60,−20)-> (60, -20). 4. North 100 m −>(60,−20+100)=(60,80)-> (60, -20 + 100) = (60, 80). Shortest distance from origin: d=602+802=3600+6400=10000=100 metersd = \sqrt{60^2 + 80^2} = \sqrt{3600 + 6400} = \sqrt{10000} = 100\text{ meters}. Choice C.
अंतिम निर्देशांक: (60,80)(60, 80)। शुरुआती बिंदु से न्यूनतम दूरी =602+802=10000=100= \sqrt{60^2 + 80^2} = \sqrt{10000} = 100 मीटर। सही विकल्प C है।
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618📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringCapacitors & Electrostatics
The distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is tripled while keeping other parameters unchanged. The new capacitance will become:
Explanation
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is inversely proportional to plate separation distance: C=εAdC = \frac{\varepsilon A}{d}. When d′=3dd' = 3d, new capacitance C′=εA3d=C3C' = \frac{\varepsilon A}{3d} = \frac{C}{3} (One-third of initial capacitance). Choice B.
समानांतर प्लेट संधारित्र की धारिता C∝1/dC \propto 1/d होती है। प्लेटों के बीच की दूरी तीन गुनी करने पर धारिता 'एक-तिहाई' (One-third) रह जाएगी। सही विकल्प B है।
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619📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringSemiconductor Diodes
Read the below statements regarding a p-n junction diode:
I. Diode is an uncontrolled device
II. Diode is a rectifying device
III. Diode is a unidirectional device
IV. Diode has three terminals
Which of the above mentioned statements is FALSE regarding a p-n junction diode?
Explanation
Statement IV is completely false: A p-n junction diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device (anode and cathode), not a three-terminal device. Statements I, II, and III are all correct physical properties. Correct: Only IV is false (Choice B).
कथन IV असत्य है क्योंकि डायोड में केवल दो टर्मिनल (एनोड और कैथोड) होते हैं, तीन नहीं (ट्रांजिस्टर में तीन होते हैं)। सही विकल्प B है।
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620📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringDC Machines (Armature Winding)
In DC machine armature winding, which of the following represents the Commutator Pitch (YcY_c)?
Explanation
Commutator Pitch (YcY_c) is defined as the distance measured around the commutator (expressed as the number of commutator segments) between the two segments to which the two ends of an armature coil are connected. Choice C.
कम्यूटेटर पिच (YcY_c) कम्यूटेटर खंडों की वह संख्या है जिसके बीच एक ही आर्मेचर कॉइल के दो सिरे जुड़े होते हैं।
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621📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyMolecular Genetics (DNA Replication)
In cellular DNA replication, which enzyme is directly responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of the new complementary DNA strand by adding deoxynucleotides to a free 3'-OH end?
Explanation
DNA Polymerase (such as DNA Pol III in prokaryotes or Pol δ/ε\delta/\varepsilon in eukaryotes) synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5′−>3′5' -> 3' direction by adding complementary deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs).
डीएनए प्रतिकृति में नए न्यूक्लियोटाइड्स जोड़कर नई श्रृंखला का निर्माण करने वाला मुख्य एंजाइम 'डीएनए पॉलीमरेज़' (DNA polymerase) है।
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622📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeBiodiversity Hotspots of India
Which among the following geographical regions is officially recognized as a global Biodiversity Hotspot in India?
Explanation
India is home to four globally recognized biodiversity hotspots: 1. The Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka), 2. The Himalayas, 3. Indo-Burma, and 4. Sundaland. The Western Ghats is the prominent hotspot listed. Choice C.
भारत में वैश्विक जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट के रूप में मान्यता प्राप्त क्षेत्र 'पश्चिमी घाट' (Western Ghats) है।
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623📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyFungal Biology
Which of the following biological statements about Kingdom Fungi are true?
I. Fungi are autotrophic organisms.
II. Fungi absorb nutrients from dead organic material (heterotrophic absorptive nutrition).
III. Fungi are always multicellular.
IV. Fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements II and IV are correct: Fungi are strictly heterotrophic, obtaining nutrition by extracellular digestion and absorption of organic matter as saprotrophs, parasites, or mutualists (II), and reproduce via sexual (ascospores, basidiospores) and asexual spores (conidia, sporangiospores) (IV). Statement I is false (fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize). Statement III is false (yeasts are unicellular fungi). Choice C (II, IV).
कथन II और IV सही हैं (कवक विषमपोषी अवशोषक होते हैं और लैंगिक व अलैंगिक दोनों प्रकार से प्रजनन करते हैं; कवक स्वपोषी नहीं होते और यीस्ट एककोशिकीय होता है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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624📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeEcosystem Energetics & Nutrient Cycling
Which of the following statements about ecosystem trophic structure and energetics are true?
I. An ecosystem fundamentally includes both biotic and abiotic components interacting together.
II. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a one-way, non-cyclic direction.
III. In an ecosystem, mineral nutrients are recycled continuously, while energy is not recycled.
IV. Primary producers in an ecosystem are typically herbivores.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements I, II, and III are fundamental ecological laws: Ecosystems comprise biotic and abiotic components (I), energy flows unidirectionally from the sun and dissipates as metabolic heat (II), and biochemical nutrients are recycled biogeochemically while energy is never recycled (III). Statement IV is false because primary producers are autotrophs (photosynthetic plants/algae), whereas herbivores are primary consumers. Choice A (I, II, III).
कथन I, II और III सही हैं (पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में जैविक व अजैविक घटक होते हैं, ऊर्जा का प्रवाह एकदिशीय होता है और पोषक तत्व पुनर्चक्रित होते हैं लेकिन ऊर्जा नहीं; प्राथमिक उत्पादक स्वपोषी पौधे होते हैं, शाकाहारी नहीं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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625📚Biostatistics, Hypothesis Testing & Research MethodologyStatistical Tests Matching
Match the following inferential statistical tests in Column -A with their appropriate research applications in Column -B:
Column - A:
1. One-Way ANOVA
2. Chi-square Test of Independence
3. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (rr)
4. Independent Samples t-test

Column - B:
i. Comparing the means of more than two independent experimental groups
ii. Testing the statistical association between categorical contingency variables
iii. Assessing the linear relationship between two continuous variables
iv. Comparing the difference between the means of two independent groups

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> i (ANOVA tests differences among three or more group means), 2 -> ii (Chi-square test of independence analyzes frequencies in categorical contingency tables), 3 -> iii (Pearson's rr evaluates the strength and direction of linear correlation between continuous variables), 4 -> iv (Independent tt-test compares two group means). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-i (ANOVA - दो से अधिक समूहों के माध्य की तुलना), 2-ii (काई-वर्ग परीक्षण - श्रेणीबद्ध चरों के बीच संबंध), 3-iii (पियर्सन गुणांक - दो चरों में रैखिक संबंध), 4-iv (t-परीक्षण - दो स्वतंत्र समूहों के माध्य की तुलना)। सही विकल्प A है।
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626📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyMembrane Biochemistry (Lipid Translocases)
Match the enzymes and translocases in Column -A with their biological function in Column -B:
Column -A:
1. Lipases
2. Flippases
3. Floppases
4. Scramblases

Column - B:
i. ATP-dependent inward translocation of aminophospholipids (PE and PS) from the extracellular to the cytosolic leaflet
ii. ATP-dependent outward translocation of plasma membrane phospholipids from the cytosolic to the extracellular leaflet
iii. Catalyze the enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids
iv. ATP-independent bidirectional scrambling of membrane phospholipids down their concentration gradient

Choose the correct combination:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Lipases hydrolyze ester bonds of triglycerides), 2 -> i (Flippases are P-type ATPases moving phospholipids inward from outer to inner leaflet), 3 -> ii (Floppases are ABC transporters moving phospholipids outward from inner to outer leaflet), 4 -> iv (Scramblases are Ca2+Ca^{2+}-activated bidirectional transporters facilitating passive equilibrium). Correct match: 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-iii (लाइपेज - ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स का जलअपघटन), 2-i (फ्लिपेज - बाहरी से आंतरिक झिल्ली में एटीपी-आधारित परिवहन), 3-ii (फ्लोपेज - आंतरिक से बाहरी झिल्ली में परिवहन), 4-iv (स्क्रैम्ब्लेज - सांद्रता प्रवणता के अनुसार द्विदिशीय संचलन)। सही विकल्प A है।
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627📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeConservation Ecology Categories
Match the biodiversity-related ecological terms in Column -A with their representative wildlife examples in Column -B:
Column -A:
1. Keystone species
2. Invasive species
3. Endemic species
4. Flagship species

Column - B:
i. Elephants in African savannas (maintains open grasslands)
ii. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in freshwater lakes
iii. Giant panda in China (symbol of conservation)
iv. Lion-tailed macaque in Western Ghats rainforests of India

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> i (African elephants act as keystone ecosystem engineers knocking down trees to maintain savannas), 2 -> ii (Water hyacinth is an aggressive invasive alien weed clogging aquatic ecosystems), 3 -> iv (Lion-tailed macaque is strictly endemic to the Western Ghats of India), 4 -> iii (The Giant Panda is the classic global flagship ambassador species). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-iii (Choice A).
1-i (कीस्टोन प्रजाति - अफ्रीकी हाथी), 2-ii (आक्रामक विदेशी प्रजाति - जलकुंभी), 3-iv (स्थानिक प्रजाति - पश्चिमी घाट का लायन-टेल्ड मकाक), 4-iii (फ्लैगशिप प्रजाति - जायंट पांडा)। सही विकल्प A है।
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628📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeBiosphere Reserves of India
Match the iconic Biosphere Reserves of India in Column - A with the States in which they are located in Column - B:
Column - A (Biosphere Reserve):
1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
2. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
3. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
4. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

Column - B (State):
i. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka
ii. Uttarakhand
iii. West Bengal
iv. Tamil Nadu

Options:
Explanation
1 -> i (Nilgiri was India's first biosphere reserve established in 1986 across TN, Kerala, and Karnataka), 2 -> ii (Nanda Devi is situated in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand), 3 -> iii (Sundarbans mangrove delta is located in West Bengal), 4 -> iv (Gulf of Mannar marine reserve lies along coastal Tamil Nadu). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-i (नीलगिरि - तमिलनाडु, केरल, कर्नाटक), 2-ii (नंदा देवी - उत्तराखंड), 3-iii (सुंदरबन - पश्चिम बंगाल), 4-iv (मन्नार की खाड़ी - तमिलनाडु)। सही विकल्प A है।
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629📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningElectron Beam Radiotherapy & Bolus
A patient is set to 100 cm SSD for treatment with an electron beam. One cm of bolus is then added to cover the entire field. The SSD that should be used to calculated the MUs to deliver the desired dose is:
Explanation
In electron beam radiotherapy, when bolus is placed on the patient's skin surface, clinical protocol requires setting the patient treatment distance so that the top surface of the bolus is positioned at the nominal calibrated source-to-surface distance (SSD = 100 cm), which matches the machine calibration geometry and cone factor measurements.
इलेक्ट्रॉन बीम उपचार में बोलस लगाते समय सेटअप इस प्रकार किया जाता है कि बोलस की ऊपरी सतह मानक 100 सेमी SSD पर रहे, ताकि MU गणना 100 cm SSD के अनुसार सही हो। सही विकल्प C है।
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630📚Brachytherapy, Nuclear Medicine Physics & Radiotherapy QARadiotherapy Quality Assurance (AAPM TG-142)
According to the AAPM Task Group 142 report, all of the following are daily QA checks except ________
Explanation
Under AAPM Task Group 142 recommendations for linac quality assurance, Light Field/Radiation Field Coincidence is classified as a Monthly QA procedure (tolerance 2 mm). Daily checks include X-ray/electron output constancy (3%), door interlocks, audiovisual monitors, laser alignment (1-2 mm), optical distance indicator (ODI), and collimator size indicators.
AAPM TG-142 रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 'लाइट फील्ड और रेडिएशन फील्ड संयोग' (Light field/radiation field coincidence) एक मासिक (Monthly) QA चेक है, दैनिक नहीं। सही विकल्प B है।
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631📚Diagnostic Radiology Physics, Biomedical Instrumentation & Applied MathematicsDigital Logic Gates
Which of the following logic gates has the truth table where the output is true only when at least one input is true?
Explanation
An OR gate performs logical disjunction: its output is TRUE (1) whenever at least one of its inputs is TRUE (i.e. if either input is 1, or both are 1).
OR गेट का आउटपुट तब सत्य (1) होता है जब कम से कम एक इनपुट सत्य (1) हो। सही विकल्प B है।
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632📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningLinear Accelerator Geometry & Field Size
The collimator setting is the field length and width as defined at the level of the ________
Explanation
By international radiation therapy convention, the collimator field size setting (W×LW \times L) is universally calibrated and defined at the nominal machine isocenter (typically at a source-to-axis distance of 100 cm100\text{ cm}).
रेडिएशन थेरेपी में कोलिमेटर फील्ड साइज सेटिंग को अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानक के अनुसार लीनैक के 'आइसोसेंटर' (Isocenter - 100 cm SAD) पर परिभाषित किया जाता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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633📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningPatient Geometry & Separation Calculations
A patient is treated with an isocentric AP/PA setup on a linac. The anterior SSD is 86 cm, and the posterior SSD is 92 cm. The patient's AP/PA separation is ________
Explanation
In an isocentric setup, the linac isocenter is at a distance of 100 cm100\text{ cm} from the radiation source (SAD = 100 cm):
- Anterior depth to isocenter = 100−SSDant=100−86=14 cm100 - \text{SSD}_{\text{ant}} = 100 - 86 = 14\text{ cm}.
- Posterior depth to isocenter = 100−SSDpost=100−92=8 cm100 - \text{SSD}_{\text{post}} = 100 - 92 = 8\text{ cm}.
Total AP/PA separation =14 cm+8 cm=22 cm= 14\text{ cm} + 8\text{ cm} = 22\text{ cm}.
आइसोसेंट्रिक 100 cm SAD सेटअप में:
अग्र गहराई = 100−86=14 cm100 - 86 = 14\text{ cm}
पश्च गहराई = 100−92=8 cm100 - 92 = 8\text{ cm}
मरीज का कुल AP/PA सेपरेशन =14+8=22 cm= 14 + 8 = 22\text{ cm}। सही विकल्प C है।
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634📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningBeam Penumbra & Collimator Design
Of the following parameters, ________ does NOT influence the physical penumbra.
Explanation
The physical penumbra (the lateral distance between the 80% and 20% isodose levels) is composed of geometric penumbra (P=s(SSD+d−SDD)/SDDP = s(SSD + d - SDD)/SDD), transmission through collimator edges, and lateral electron transport/scatter (which depends on beam energy and depth). Rotating the gantry around the patient does not alter these physical beam characteristics.
भौतिक पेनम्ब्रा स्रोत के आकार, गहराई, ऊर्जा और SDD पर निर्भर करता है; गैन्ट्री का कोण (Gantry angle) बदलने से भौतिक पेनम्ब्रा पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता। सही विकल्प C है।
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635📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningTotal Body Irradiation (TBI) Dosimetry
Placing a single in-vivo dosimeter at the prescription point for a TBI treatment can verify that ________
Explanation
In Total Body Irradiation (TBI) performed at extended distances (e.g., 3 to 5 meters), a single entrance in-vivo dosimeter (diode or TLD) placed at the central prescription axis directly verifies that the geometric inverse-square setup distance (intended extended SSD) and delivered output are correct. Verifying dose homogeneity requires an array of dosimeters across multiple anatomical sites (head, neck, thorax, pelvis, ankles).
TBI उपचार में प्रिस्क्रिप्शन बिंदु पर एक सिंगल इन-विवो डोसीमीटर लगाकर यह सत्यापित किया जाता है कि मरीज इच्छित विस्तारित दूरी (intended SSD) पर सही सेटअप में है। सही विकल्प A है।
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636📚Radiation Protection, Shielding, Radiobiology & Waste ManagementRadiation Protection Instrumentation
Survey meters must be calibrated:
Explanation
Under national and international regulatory standards (AERB in India, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 10 CFR 35), portable radiation survey meters used for radiation safety monitoring must be calibrated at least once every 12 months (annually) and following any instrument repair.
विकिरण सुरक्षा नियमों के तहत पोर्टेबल रेडिएशन सर्वे मीटरों का अंशांकन (कैलिब्रेशन) प्रतिवर्ष (Annually) कराया जाना अनिवार्य है। सही विकल्प B है।
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637📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningTotal Body Irradiation (TBI) Setup
The maximum collimator setting on a linac is 40x40 cm at 100cm SAD. To cover a TBI patient 5 ft. 4 in. (160 cm) tall, with no collimator rotation, the patient's midline must be at a minimum distance of ________ cm
Explanation
By linear beam divergence:
Field Size at dd=Collimator Size at 100 cm100 cm  ⟹  160 cmd=40 cm100 cm  ⟹  d=100×16040=400 cm\frac{\text{Field Size at } d}{d} = \frac{\text{Collimator Size at } 100\text{ cm}}{100\text{ cm}} \implies \frac{160\text{ cm}}{d} = \frac{40\text{ cm}}{100\text{ cm}} \implies d = 100 \times \frac{160}{40} = 400\text{ cm}.
बीम प्रसार के नियम से, 160 सेमी लंबे मरीज को बिना कोलिमेटर घुमाए कवर करने के लिए आवश्यक दूरी d=100×16040=400 cmd = 100 \times \frac{160}{40} = 400\text{ cm} होगी। सही विकल्प C है।
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638📚Radiation Protection, Shielding, Radiobiology & Waste ManagementTransport Regulations & Transport Index
In the context of transporting radionuclides, what does the term "transport index" (TI) refer to?
Explanation
Under IAEA and DOT/NRC transport regulations, the Transport Index (TI) is a single dimensionless number assigned to a package containing radioactive material, defined as the maximum radiation dose rate measured in millirem per hour (mrem/hr) at a distance of 1 meter from the external surface of the package.
रेडियोधर्मी पदार्थों के परिवहन में 'ट्रांसपोर्ट इंडेक्स' (TI) पैकेज की बाहरी सतह से 1 मीटर की दूरी पर अधिकतम विकिरण स्तर (mrem/hr में) का माप होता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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639📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsWork, Power & Energy
A block of mass 4kg is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal force F_1 =10N and another force F_2 =5 N at an angle of 60° to the horizontal act on the block simultaneously in the same direction. If the block moves 3m horizontally, calculate the total work done on the block.
Explanation
Total horizontal force acting in the direction of motion:
Fx=F1+F2cos⁡60∘=10 N+5×0.5 N=10+2.5=12.5 NF_{x} = F_1 + F_2 \cos 60^\circ = 10\text{ N} + 5 \times 0.5\text{ N} = 10 + 2.5 = 12.5\text{ N}.
Total work done over horizontal displacement s=3 ms = 3\text{ m}:
W=Fx×s=12.5 N×3 m=37.5 JW = F_x \times s = 12.5\text{ N} \times 3\text{ m} = 37.5\text{ J}.
क्षैतिज दिशा में कुल प्रभावी बल Fx=F1+F2cos⁡60∘=10+5(0.5)=12.5 NF_x = F_1 + F_2 \cos 60^\circ = 10 + 5(0.5) = 12.5\text{ N}।
कुल किया गया कार्य W=Fx×s=12.5×3=37.5 JW = F_x \times s = 12.5 \times 3 = 37.5\text{ J}। सही विकल्प C है।
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640📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsAtmospheric Physics & Structure
Arrange the following layers in chronological order of their distance above the earth's surface.
1. Troposphere
2. Exosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Stratosphere
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In order of increasing altitude from the Earth's surface outward:
1. Troposphere (0 to ~12 km)
5. Stratosphere (~12 to 50 km)
3. Mesosphere (~50 to 85 km)
4. Thermosphere (~85 to 600 km)
2. Exosphere (> 600 km).
Thus, the correct sequence is 1, 5, 3, 4, 2. Choice C.
पृथ्वी की सतह से ऊपर बढ़ते क्रम में वायुमंडल की परतें:
1. क्षोभमंडल (Troposphere) -> 5. समताप मंडल (Stratosphere) -> 3. मध्यमंडल (Mesosphere) -> 4. तापमंडल (Thermosphere) -> 2. बाह्यमंडल (Exosphere)।
अतः सही क्रम 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 है। सही विकल्प C है।
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641📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsMagnetic Forces Between Conductors
If two wires carrying current in the same direction are moved closer together, what happens to the magnitude and nature of force between them?
Explanation
According to Ampere's force law, parallel conductors carrying currents in the same direction attract each other. The magnetic force per unit length is F/L=μ0I1I22πdF/L = \frac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2\pi d}. Because force is inversely proportional to separation distance dd, moving the wires closer together increases the magnitude of the attractive force.
एक ही दिशा में धारा ले जाने वाले दो समानांतर तार एक-दूसरे को आकर्षित करते हैं। जब उन्हें पास लाया जाता है (दूरी dd घटती है), तो आकर्षण बल का परिमाण बढ़ जाता है (Increases and attractive)। सही विकल्प C है।
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642📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsWave Optics & Interference
In Young's double-slit experiment, a fringe width of 0.6 mm is obtained when light of wavelength 600nm is used. Calculate the new fringe width when the wavelength is changed to 400nm, assuming the distance between the slits and the screen remains constant.
Explanation
Fringe width in Young's Double Slit Experiment is β=λDd\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}. When slit separation dd and screen distance DD remain constant, fringe width is directly proportional to wavelength: β∝λ\beta \propto \lambda.
β2β1=λ2λ1  ⟹  β2=0.6 mm×(400 nm600 nm)=0.6×23=0.4 mm\frac{\beta_2}{\beta_1} = \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1} \implies \beta_2 = 0.6\text{ mm} \times \left(\frac{400\text{ nm}}{600\text{ nm}}\right) = 0.6 \times \frac{2}{3} = 0.4\text{ mm}.
यंग के द्वि-स्लिट प्रयोग में फ्रिंज चौड़ाई β=λDd∝λ\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d} \propto \lambda होती है।
β2=β1(λ2λ1)=0.6×400600=0.4 mm\beta_2 = \beta_1 \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}\right) = 0.6 \times \frac{400}{600} = 0.4\text{ mm}। सही विकल्प B है।
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643📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryChemical Toxicology & Hazard Ranking
Arrange the following chemicals in decreasing order of toxicity to humans:
Chemicals: Methyl Isocyanate, Hydrogen Cyanide, Methanol, Ammonia
Explanation
Based on acute human lethal toxicity and inhalation threshold values (IDLH and LC50):
- Hydrogen cyanide (HCNHCN) is an ultra-fast acting cellular asphyxiant that halts cellular respiration via cytochrome c oxidase inhibition (IDLH 50 ppm; rapidly fatal at >100 ppm).
- Methyl isocyanate (MICMIC) is a severely toxic volatile carbamoylating agent (IDLH 3 ppm).
- Ammonia (NH3NH_3) is acutely corrosive to respiratory tracts (IDLH 300 ppm).
- Methanol (CH3OHCH_3OH) is toxic upon ingestion of grams/deciliters (IDLH 6000 ppm).
Thus, the standard toxicological order is: hydrogen cyanide > methyl isocyanate > ammonia > methanol. Choice B.
मानव विषाक्तता का घटता क्रम: हाइड्रोजन सायनाइड > मिथाइल आइसोसाइनेट > अमोनिया > मेथनॉल है। सही विकल्प B है।
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644📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryMicrobiology & Antibiotic Susceptibility
What does a high MIC value indicate about a microorganism's susceptibility to an antibiotic?
Explanation
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial drug that visibly inhibits the in vitro growth of a microorganism. A high MIC indicates that substantially more drug is required to inhibit bacterial proliferation, meaning the bacterial strain is resistant to that antibiotic.
न्यूनतम निरोधात्मक सांद्रता (MIC) का उच्च मान यह दर्शाता है कि जीवाणु को रोकने के लिए अत्यधिक दवा चाहिए, अर्थात सूक्ष्मजीव उस एंटीबायोटिक के प्रति प्रतिरोधी (Resistant) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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645📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEcology & Energy Flow
What defines the single-channel energy flow in a food chain?
Explanation
In any ecological food chain, radiant solar energy captured by autotrophic primary producers passes successively to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in a strictly unidirectional (one-way, linear) flow, with significant energy continuously lost as respiratory metabolic heat that cannot be re-utilized by producers.
खाद्य श्रृंखला में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह एकदिशीय (Unidirectional / one-way linear direction) होता है जो उत्पादकों से उपभोक्ताओं की ओर बढ़ता है और कभी वापस नहीं लौटता। सही विकल्प B है।
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646📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEvolutionary Biology & Speciation
Which of the following species found in India demonstrates adaptive radiation?
Explanation
Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of an ancestral species into a variety of forms adapted to specialized ecological niches. In India, freshwater fish (such as hill-stream cyprinids and balitorid loaches across the Western Ghats and Himalayan river systems) showcase striking adaptive radiation in body morphologies adapted to fast-flowing torrential waters.
भारत में पाई जाने वाली मीठे पानी की मछलियां (Indian freshwater fish) विभिन्न जलीय आवासों के अनुकूलन के लिए अनुकूली विकिरण (Adaptive radiation) का उत्कृष्ट उदाहरण हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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647📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyGenetics & Gene Mapping
When F1 Drosophila of genotype AaBbCc is test crossed, the following progenies were obtained:
Progeny classes: ABC: 22, Abc: 28, AbC: 26, abc: 24, Abc: 220, aBC: 225, abC: 225 | Total: 1000
The statements below are conclusions derived from the above result.
i. Genes a and b are linked in trans
ii. Genes a and b are linked in cis
iii. Genes a and b are linked in cis, while b and c are linked in trans
iv. The genotypes of parents are AABB and aabb
v. The genotype of the parents are AAbb and aaBB
vi. Genes a and b are 10 cm apart
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Analysis of the three-point test cross:
1. The parental non-crossover classes (the most frequent, ~225 each) carry combinations (Ab) and (aB), indicating that alleles A and b are on one homolog and a and B are on the other. Thus, genes a and b are linked in trans (repulsion phase) -> (i), and parental genotypes were AAbb and aaBB -> (v).
2. The recombinant classes for a and b are those with (AB) and (ab): total recombinants = 22 + 28 + 26 + 24 = 100.
3. Map distance between a and b = 1001000×100%=10%=10 cM\frac{100}{1000} \times 100\% = 10\% = 10\text{ cM} (centiMorgans) -> (vi).
Therefore, statements i, v, and vi are correct. Choice C.
टेस्ट क्रॉस विश्लेषण से:
1. जनक वर्ग (Ab) और (aB) सर्वाधिक हैं, अतः जीन trans अवस्था (repulsion) में जुड़े हैं (i) और जनक AAbb व aaBB थे (v)।
2. पुनर्संयोजन आवृत्ति =1001000×100%=10 cM= \frac{100}{1000} \times 100\% = 10\text{ cM} है (vi)।
अतः कथन i, v और vi सही हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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648📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEcology & Energy Flow
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
Assertion (A): Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional.
Reason (R): Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels due to heat loss.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Energy captured from solar radiation by photosynthetic autotrophs cannot revert back to the sun; at every successive trophic transfer (herbivore, carnivore), 90% of the ingested energy is degraded and irreversibly lost as non-usable metabolic heat to the environment, enforcing a strictly unidirectional, non-cyclic flow of energy. Choice A.
प्रक्कथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सत्य हैं और कारण प्रक्कथन की सही व्याख्या करता है। प्रत्येक पोषण स्तर पर चयापचय ऊष्मा के रूप में ऊर्जा का अपव्यय होने के कारण पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह सदैव एकदिशीय होता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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649📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityHCF & LCM
Find the least number which is divisible by 9, 15, and 21.
Explanation
The least number divisible by 9, 15, and 21 is their Least Common Multiple (LCM). Prime factorizations: 9=329 = 3^2, 15=3×515 = 3 \times 5, 21=3×721 = 3 \times 7. LCM=32×5×7=9×35=315\text{LCM} = 3^2 \times 5 \times 7 = 9 \times 35 = 315.
9, 15 और 21 से विभाज्य सबसे छोटी संख्या उनका ल.स. (LCM) होगी: 32×5×7=3153^2 \times 5 \times 7 = 315। सही विकल्प A है।
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650📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Distance & Time
A car can go from point A to point B in 4 hours if he is travelling at 50 kmph. How fast must he go to reach the same destination in 2.5 hours?
Explanation
Distance between A and B =Speed×Time=50 km/h×4 hours=200 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50\text{ km/h} \times 4\text{ hours} = 200\text{ km}. Required speed for 2.5 hours =200 km2.5 hours=80 km/h= \frac{200\text{ km}}{2.5\text{ hours}} = 80\text{ km/h}.
दूरी = 50 \times 4 = 200\text{ किमी}। 2.5 घंटे में पहुंचने के लिए आवश्यक गति = \frac{200}{2.5} = 80\text{ किमी/घंटा}। सही विकल्प A है।
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651📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Distance & Time
A farmer travelled a distance of 48 km in 7 hours. He travelled partly on foot at 4 km/hr and partly on bicycle @ 9 km/hr. The distance travelled on foot is _____ (in km).
Explanation
Let the time spent on foot be tt hours. Then time on bicycle is (7−t)(7 - t) hours. Total distance =4t+9(7−t)=48  ⟹  4t+63−9t=48  ⟹  5t=15  ⟹  t=3 hours= 4t + 9(7 - t) = 48 \implies 4t + 63 - 9t = 48 \implies 5t = 15 \implies t = 3\text{ hours}. Distance travelled on foot =4 km/h×3 hours=12 km= 4\text{ km/h} \times 3\text{ hours} = 12\text{ km}.
माना पैदल चलने का समय tt घंटे है: 4t+9(7−t)=48  ⟹  5t=15  ⟹  t=34t + 9(7 - t) = 48 \implies 5t = 15 \implies t = 3 घंटे। पैदल तय की गई दूरी = 4 \times 3 = 12\text{ किमी}। सही विकल्प C है।
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652📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityProbability
A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting at least two heads?
Explanation
Total possible outcomes =23=8= 2^3 = 8. Favorable outcomes with at least two heads (2 heads or 3 heads) are: {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} (4 outcomes). Probability =48=12= \frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}.
कुल परिणाम =8= 8। कम से कम दो चित्त (Head) वाले परिणाम: {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} (4 परिणाम)। प्रायिकता =48=12= \frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}। सही विकल्प A है।
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653📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
A person is facing east. They turn 90° clockwise, then 180° clockwise, and then 90° anti-clockwise. In which direction is the person facing now?
Explanation
Net angular displacement =+90∘ (CW)+180∘ (CW)−90∘ (ACW)=+180∘= +90^\circ \text{ (CW)} + 180^\circ \text{ (CW)} - 90^\circ \text{ (ACW)} = +180^\circ. Turning 180∘180^\circ from East faces directly opposite, which is West.
कुल मोड़ =+90∘+180∘−90∘=180∘= +90^\circ + 180^\circ - 90^\circ = 180^\circ। पूर्व से 180∘180^\circ घूमने पर व्यक्ति पश्चिम (West) दिशा की ओर होगा। सही विकल्प C है।
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654📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
Raj walks 10 meters north, then 10 meters east, then 10 meters south, and then 10 meters west. After completing this square, he walks 5 meters north and 5 meters west. How far is Raj from his starting point?
Explanation
After walking 10m North, 10m East, 10m South, and 10m West, Raj returns to his initial starting coordinate (0,0)(0,0). From there, he moves 5m North (y=+5y = +5) and 5m West (x=−5x = -5). His distance from the origin is d=(−5)2+52=25+25=50 md = \sqrt{(-5)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{25 + 25} = \sqrt{50}\text{ m}.
वर्ग पूरा करने के बाद राज वापस प्रारंभिक बिंदु (0,0) पर आ जाता है। फिर 5 मी उत्तर और 5 मी पश्चिम जाने पर दूरी = \sqrt{5^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{50}\text{ मी} होगी। सही विकल्प D है।
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655📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
There are 500 students in a class. 80 of them take French and 200 take Spanish. Some students take both languages. There are 300 students who take no language whatsoever. How many students take at least one language?
Explanation
The number of students taking at least one language is the union of French and Spanish students: n(F∪S)=Total students−n(neither)=500−300=200n(F \cup S) = \text{Total students} - n(\text{neither}) = 500 - 300 = 200.
कम से कम एक भाषा लेने वाले छात्र = \text{कुल छात्र} - \text{कोई भाषा न लेने वाले} = 500 - 300 = 200। सही विकल्प A है।
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656📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
There are 500 students in a class. 80 of them take French and 200 take Spanish. Some students take both languages. There are 300 students who take no language whatsoever. How many students take at least one language?
Explanation
Students taking at least one language =Total students−Students taking neither=500−300=200= \text{Total students} - \text{Students taking neither} = 500 - 300 = 200.
कम से कम एक भाषा लेने वाले छात्र =500−300=200= 500 - 300 = 200। सही विकल्प D है।
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657📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
In a class of 60 students, 35 students like Mathematics, 25 students like Science, 15 students like both Mathematics and Science
Question:
I) How many students like only Mathematics?
II) How many students like only Science?
III) How many students like at least one of the two subjects?
IV) How many students like neither subject?
Choose the Correct Option :
Explanation
Calculations:
I) Only Mathematics =35−15=20= 35 - 15 = 20.
II) Only Science =25−15=10= 25 - 15 = 10.
III) At least one subject =20+10+15=45= 20 + 10 + 15 = 45.
IV) Neither subject =60−45=15= 60 - 45 = 15.
Matching sequence: 20, 10, 45, 15. Choice D.
I) केवल गणित =35−15=20= 35 - 15 = 20
II) केवल विज्ञान =25−15=10= 25 - 15 = 10
III) कम से कम एक विषय =45= 45
IV) कोई विषय नहीं =60−45=15= 60 - 45 = 15। सही कूट 20, 10, 45, 15 है। सही विकल्प D है।
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658📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityClock & Direction Reasoning
Rachin put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M., the hour hand points to the North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?
Explanation
At 6 PM, the hour hand normally points South (6 o'clock). If it points North, the clock is rotated by 180∘180^\circ. At 9:15 PM, the minute hand points to 3 o'clock (normally East). Under a 180∘180^\circ rotation, East becomes West.
6 PM पर घंटे की सुई सामान्यतः दक्षिण में होती है, यहाँ उत्तर में है (180∘180^\circ विपरीत)। 9:15 PM पर मिनट की सुई 3 पर (पूर्व में) होती है, जो विपरीत होकर पश्चिम (West) की ओर इंगित करेगी। सही विकल्प C है।
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659📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection & Shadow Test
One morning, Umran and Abul were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Abul's shadow was exactly to the left of Umran, which direction was Umran facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. Abul's shadow falls to the West. If the West direction is to Umran's left, Umran must be facing North.
सुबह सूर्य पूर्व में होता है जिससे छाया पश्चिम में बनती है। यदि पश्चिम उमरान के बाईं ओर है, तो उमरान का मुख उत्तर (North) दिशा की ओर है। सही विकल्प D है।
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660📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
2nd Anglo-Mysore war ended with the _______?
Explanation
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore in March 1784 between Tipu Sultan and Lord Macartney on behalf of the British East India Company, under the principle of status quo ante bellum.
दूसरा आंग्ल-मैसूर युद्ध (1780-1784) मार्च 1784 में टीपू सुल्तान और अंग्रेजों के बीच 'मैंगलोर की संधि' (Treaty of Mangalore) के साथ समाप्त हुआ था। सही विकल्प A है।
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661📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Agriculture & Soils
Which soil present in the hilly regions of South India make the area more suitable for the cultivation of Tea and Coffee?
Explanation
Laterite soils, formed by intense tropical leaching in high-rainfall hilly slopes (Western Ghats, Nilgiris, Shevaroy Hills), are rich in iron and aluminum oxides and acidic in nature, making them ideally suited for plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and cashew.
दक्षिण भारत के पहाड़ी ढलानों पर पाई जाने वाली लेटराइट मिट्टी (Laterite soil) चाय और कॉफी की खेती के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त होती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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662📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceGeography of Jammu & Kashmir
Which Mountain range separates the Kashmir valley and from the Jammu region?
Explanation
The Pir Panjal Range (part of the Middle Himalayas) forms the southern barrier that physically separates the Kashmir Valley from the Jammu region, pierced by the Banihal and Jawahar tunnels.
पीर पंजाल पर्वतमाला (Pir Panjal Range) कश्मीर घाटी को जम्मू क्षेत्र से भौगोलिक रूप से अलग करती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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663📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceRivers & Glaciers of J&K
From which glacier, River Lidder originates?
Explanation
The Lidder River originates from the Kolahoi Glacier near Mount Kolahoi in the northwestern Himalayan range, flowing through Pahalgam before meeting the Jhelum River near Anantnag.
लिद्दर नदी (River Lidder) पहलगाम के उत्तर में स्थित कोलाहोई ग्लेशियर (Kolahoi glacier) से निकलती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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664📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsCrystallography & Elements of Symmetry
Which of the following statements about the elements of symmetry in a crystal system is correct?
1. A crystal belonging to the cubic system can exhibit a 6-fold axis of symmetry.
2. A center of symmetry is absent in all crystals with triclinic symmetry.
3. Mirror planes and inversion centers are incompatible in crystals with monoclinic symmetry.
4. Crystals in the hexagonal system exhibit only one 3-fold axis of symmetry.
Explanation
In classical crystallography, the triclinic system has the lowest symmetry (a≠b≠ca \neq b \neq c, α≠β≠γ≠90∘\alpha \neq \beta \neq \gamma \neq 90^\circ). In elementary classifications, triclinic crystals are often generalized as lacking symmetry elements (class 1 has no center of inversion, while class 1ˉ\bar{1} is pinacoidal). A cubic crystal possesses 23 symmetry elements (three 4-fold axes, four 3-fold axes, six 2-fold axes, 9 planes, and 1 center), but never a 6-fold axis (which belongs to hexagonal). Monoclinic class 2/m2/m has both a mirror plane and an inversion center. Hence, Option C ('2 only') is the examiner's designated answer.
क्रिस्टलोग्राफी में ट्राईक्लिनिक (Triclinic) सिस्टम सबसे कम सममित प्रणाली है। परिचयात्मक स्तर पर ट्राईक्लिनिक को समरूपता केंद्र से रहित माना जाता है (विकल्प C सही माना गया है)। क्यूबिक सिस्टम में 4-गुना, 3-गुना और 2-गुना अक्ष होते हैं, 6-गुना अक्ष केवल हेक्सागोनल सिस्टम में होता है।
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665📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsGroup Theory & Symmetry Operations
Arrange the following symmetry elements in increasing order of symmetry operations they represent (from least to most):
1) Inversion center (i)
2) Proper rotation axis (C_n)
3) Plane of symmetry (sigma)
4) Improper rotation axis (S_n)
Explanation
Symmetry elements generate symmetry operations:
- Inversion center (ii): generates only 1 non-trivial operation (ii, since i2=Ei^2 = E).
- Plane of symmetry (σ\sigma): generates 1 non-trivial operation (σ\sigma, since σ2=E\sigma^2 = E).
- Proper rotation axis (CnC_n): generates n−1n-1 non-trivial operations (Cn1,Cn2,…,Cnn−1C_n^1, C_n^2, \dots, C_n^{n-1}).
- Improper rotation axis (SnS_n): generates nn operations for even nn, and 2n2n operations for odd nn.
Thus, the increasing order of distinct symmetry operations generated is 1<3<2<41 < 3 < 2 < 4.
सममिति तत्व और उनके द्वारा उत्पन्न ऑपरेशन: इनवर्जन सेंटर (ii) केवल 1 ऑपरेशन (ii) उत्पन्न करता है; सममिति तल (σ\sigma) 1 ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है; CnC_n अक्ष n−1n-1 ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है; SnS_n अक्ष nn (सम nn) या 2n2n (विषम nn) ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है। अतः बढ़ता क्रम: 1<3<2<41 < 3 < 2 < 4 (विकल्प A) है।
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666📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsRules of Resonance
Which of the following statements about the rule of resonance are correct?
1) Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule, where the positions of atoms do not change, only the positions of electrons.
2) Only resonance structures that are energetically equivalent contribute significantly to the resonance hybrid.
3) The major contributor to the resonance hybrid is the structure that has the least formal charge and the most covalent bonds.
4) Resonance hybrids are a true representation of the molecule, with the electron density distributed as an average of all resonance structures.
Explanation
Statements 1, 3, and 4 are fundamental resonance rules. Statement 2 is FALSE because non-equivalent resonance contributors can contribute significantly if they satisfy octets and place negative charges on electronegative atoms (e.g. in amides, the zwitterionic resonance contributor contributes ∼40%\sim 40\% to the hybrid despite being non-equivalent). Thus, 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि गैर-समतुल्य (non-equivalent) अनुनादी संरचनाएं भी अनुनाद संकर में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देती हैं (जैसे एमाइड्स में द्विध्रुवीय रूप)। प्रमुख योगदानकर्ता वह होता है जिसमें पूर्ण अष्टक, अधिकतम सहसंयोजक आबंध और न्यूनतम औपचारिक आवेश हो। सही विकल्प B है।
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667📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryReactive Intermediates vs Transition States
Which of the following represents the correct order of stability for the following species in a typical organic reaction?
1) Carbocation
2) Carbanion
3) Free radical
4) Transition state
Explanation
A transition state is at the peak of a potential energy barrier with a non-existent lifetime (≈10−14\approx 10^{-14} seconds) and zero thermodynamic stability—it cannot be isolated or trapped. Reactive intermediates (carbocations, free radicals, carbanions) sit at potential energy minima with finite lifetimes, making them far more stable than a transition state. Thus, Transition State is the least stable species in any reaction coordinate. Option D represents this hierarchy.
संक्रमण अवस्था (Transition State) विभव ऊर्जा आरेख के शिखर पर होती है और इसका स्थायित्व शून्य होता है (न्यूनतम स्थायित्व)। मध्यवर्ती (कार्बधनायन, मूलक, कार्बेनायन) ऊर्जा गर्त में होते हैं और उनकी निश्चित आयु होती है। अतः संक्रमण अवस्था सबसे कम स्थिर होती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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668📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistrySN1 Kinetics & Influencing Factors
Consider the following three factors that influence the rate of an SN1 reaction: substrate, leaving group, and solvent. Arrange the following in order of their influence on the reactivity, from most to least significant.
i) Substrate (tertiary > secondary > primary)
ii) Leaving group (I- > Br- > Cl-)
iii) Solvent (polar protic > polar aprotic)
Which of the following is the correct order of influence on reactivity in an SN1 reaction?
Explanation
In an SN1 solvolysis reaction:
1. Substrate structure is paramount: the transition state carbocation stability varies over 10610^6 to 10910^9-fold between tertiary and primary substrates.
2. Leaving group ability directly controls the rate of the rate-determining C-X bond heterolysis (I>Br>ClI > Br > Cl).
3. Solvent polarity and ionizing power (polar protic solvents like H2O,EtOHH_2O, EtOH) stabilize carbocation and halide ions through hydrogen-bonding solvation.
Thus, the hierarchy of influence is: Substrate > Leaving group > Solvent (Option A).
SN1S_N1 अभिक्रिया की दर को प्रभावित करने वाले कारकों का महत्व क्रम: सबस्ट्रेट की संरचना (तृतीयक कार्बधनायन का स्थायित्व सबसे महत्वपूर्ण, 10610^6 गुना अंतर) > निष्कासित होने वाला समूह (I−>Br−>Cl−I^- > Br^- > Cl^-) > विलायक (ध्रुवीय प्रोटिक विलायक आयनीकरण को सुगम बनाते हैं)। सही क्रम विकल्प A है।
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669📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryInertness of Vinylic Halides
Which of the following carbon types is least likely to undergo nucleophilic substitution (SN2)?
Explanation
Vinylic halides (C=C−XC=C-X) are exceptionally inert to nucleophilic substitution because:
1. The halogen is attached to an sp2sp^2-hybridized carbon, which is more electronegative, making the C-X bond shorter, stronger, and harder to break.
2. The halogen lone pair delocalizes into the π\pi-system, giving the C-X bond partial double-bond character.
3. Backside attack required by the SN2 transition state is sterically and electrostatically blocked by the π\pi-electron cloud of the double bond.
Allylic carbons, conversely, are exceptionally reactive in SN2 due to allylic orbital overlap stabilization.
वाइनिलिक कार्बन (Vinylic carbon, C=C−XC=C-X) पर SN2S_N2 प्रतिस्थापन संभव नहीं है क्योंकि sp2sp^2 कार्बन का C-X आबंध छोटा और मजबूत होता है, अनुनाद के कारण आंशिक द्वि-आबंध लक्षण होता है, तथा द्वि-आबंध का π\pi-इलेक्ट्रॉन बादल न्यूक्लियोफाइल के पश्च आक्रमण को पूरी तरह रोकता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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670📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryDisubstituted Benzene Orientation
In the case of a benzene ring with two different substituents, how do the substituents affect the orientation of a new electrophilic substitution? Given a benzene ring with -OH (hydroxyl) at the ortho/para-directing position and -NO2 (nitro) at the meta-directing position, which of the following statements about the product distribution is correct?
Explanation
When a benzene ring possesses two substituents with competing directing effects, the strongly activating group (−OH-OH, a powerful +M+M activator) overwhelmingly dominates and dictates the orientation of substitution over a deactivating group (−NO2-NO_2, a −M-M deactivator). The −OH-OH directs incoming electrophiles to positions ortho and para to itself; for p-nitrophenol or o-nitrophenol, the ortho position to −OH-OH is simultaneously meta to −NO2-NO_2, reinforcing the directing effect. Statement A reflects this dual directional relationship.
जब बेंजीन वलय पर −OH-OH (प्रबल एक्टिवेटिंग, ऑर्थो/पैरा-निर्देशक) और −NO2-NO_2 (डी-एक्टिवेटिंग, मेटा-निर्देशक) दोनों उपस्थित हों, तो प्रबल एक्टिवेटिंग समूह (−OH-OH) का प्रभाव हावी होता है। −OH-OH के संदर्भ में ऑर्थो/पैरा स्थिति −NO2-NO_2 के संदर्भ में मेटा स्थिति के साथ संरेखित होती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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671📚Preventive & Curative Conservation, Museum Studies & Cultural HeritageFungal & Mold Control in Museums
Arrange the following preventive measures for controlling fungus growth on museum objects in the correct order (from least to most effective):
1. Regular inspection and monitoring of humidity levels.
2. Use of dehumidifiers to maintain optimal humidity.
3. Immediate removal of contaminated objects and treatment with antifungal solutions.
4. Storing objects in airtight containers to prevent moisture buildup.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Controlling fungal/mold outbreaks progresses in order of direct intervention:
1. Baseline environmental monitoring and humidity inspection.
2. Active mechanical climate control using dehumidifiers to keep relative humidity below 60%60\%.
3. Isolation, quarantine, and localized remedial antifungal treatment of infected objects.
4. Secure microclimate containment in sealed archival enclosures to permanently shield objects from ambient moisture. Option D (1, 2, 3, 4) matches this hierarchy.
फफूंद (Fungus) की रोकथाम के उपायों का क्रम: 1) आर्द्रता की नियमित निगरानी; 2) आर्द्रता 60%60\% से नीचे रखने के लिए डीह्यूमिडिफायर का उपयोग; 3) संक्रमित वस्तुओं को तुरंत अलग करना और एंटीफंगल उपचार; 4) नमी से सुरक्षित रखने के लिए वायुरोधी पात्रों में भंडारण। सही विकल्प D है।
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672📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
Who is known for popularizing the use of an air-release remote control to photograph birds in nests?
Explanation
In historical nature and bird photography in India, naturalists like O.C. Edwards pioneered and popularized the use of long pneumatic air-release bulb remote triggers, which allowed photographers to hide in hides or blinds and trip the camera shutter from a distance without disturbing birds at their nests.
पक्षियों के घोंसलों की फोटोग्राफी में पक्षियों को विचलित किए बिना दूर से शटर दबाने के लिए एयर-रिलीज रिमोट कंट्रोल (न्यूमेटिक बल्ब) के उपयोग को ओ.सी. एडवर्ड्स (O.C. Edwards) ने लोकप्रिय बनाया था। सही विकल्प C है।
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673📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
T.N.A. Perumal was a famous:
Explanation
Thanjavur Nateshachary Ayyamperumal (T.N.A. Perumal, 1932–2017) was one of India's most celebrated wildlife photographers and naturalists. Based in Karnataka, he spent over five decades documenting South Indian wildlife in black-and-white, receiving the National Award and Master of FIAP.
टी.एन.ए. पेरुमल (T.N.A. Perumal) भारत के एक प्रसिद्ध वन्यजीव फोटोग्राफर (Wildlife photographer) और प्रकृतिवादी थे। उन्होंने दक्षिण भारत के जंगलों और वन्यजीवों का व्यापक दस्तावेजीकरण किया। सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSB
674📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleOptical Properties & Camera Components
Match the following and choose the correct option:
Column - I:
1) Is measured in line pair per millimetre
2) The distance between the lens's optical center and the camera's sensor
3) The eyepiece on a camera that you hold close to your eye, to allow you to see what's being photographed
4) Allow the camera to focus on near distances for large scales of reproduction

Column - II:
i) The Viewfinder
ii) Resolving power of a lens
iii) Focal length
iv) Supplementary close-up lenses

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching:
- 1) Resolving power of a lens: the optical ability to separate fine detail, quantified in line pairs per millimetre (lp/mmlp/mm) ightarrowightarrow ii.
- 2) Focal length: the optical distance from the lens's rear principal plane/center to the focal plane/sensor when focused at infinity ightarrowightarrow iii.
- 3) Viewfinder: the optical or electronic eyepiece through which the photographer frames the scene ightarrowightarrow