Time & Work, Pipes & Cisterns, Speed & Distance

1📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

The washing machine works on the principle of which of the following?

Explanation

A washing machine works on the principle of centrifugation. High-speed spinning creates centrifugal force that separates water from clothes.

واشنگ مشین سینٹری فیوجیشن (Centrifugation) کے اصول پر کام کرتی ہے، جس میں گھماؤ کی وجہ سے کپڑوں سے پانی الگ ہوتا ہے۔

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2📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

The Standard of Length is based on

Explanation

Since 1983, the meter has been defined internationally as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. This is based on the speed of light.

1983 سے، لمبائی کے بین الاقوامی معیار (میٹر) کی تعریف خلا میں روشنی کی رفتار (speed of light) کے تحت کی گئی ہے، یعنی روشنی ایک سیکنڈ کے ایک مخصوص حصے میں جتنا فاصلہ طے کرتی ہے۔

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3📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Match the following:

List-I
i. Microns
ii. Angstroms
iii. Fermi
iv. Kilometers

List-II
a. Distance between earth and moon.
b. Inter atomic distance in a solid
c. Size of nucleus.
d. Wavelength of infrared laser.

Explanation

The correct matching of length scales is: Microns corresponds to infrared laser wavelength (i-d); Angstroms corresponds to inter-atomic distances (ii-b); Fermi corresponds to nuclear size (iii-c); Kilometers corresponds to Earth-Moon distance (iv-a).

صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مائیکرون (Microns) -> انفرا ریڈ لیزر طول موج (i-d)؛ اینگسٹرام (Angstroms) -> جوہروں کے درمیان فاصلہ (ii-b)؛ فرمی (Fermi) -> نیوکلیئس کا سائز (iii-c)؛ کلومیٹر -> زمین اور چاند کا فاصلہ (iv-a)۔

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4📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:

Explanation

Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.

رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔

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5📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Charge is distributed uniformly along a long straight wire. The electric field at 2cm from the wire is 20 newton/coulomb. The electric field at 4cm from the wire is:

Explanation

For an infinite line charge, the electric field (E) is inversely proportional to distance (r) from the wire: E = λ / (2πε₀r). As distance doubles (from 2cm to 4cm), the electric field halves (from 20 N/C to 10 N/C).

سیدھی برقی تار کی وجہ سے برقی میدان (E) فاصلے (r) کے معکوس متناسب ہوتا ہے۔ جب فاصلہ دوگنا ہو جاتا ہے (2cm سے 4cm) تو برقی میدان آدھا رہ جائے گا (20 N/C سے 10 N/C)۔

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6📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

If "r" is the distance of a moving charge, the magnitude of magnetic field produced by the charge is proportional to:

Explanation

According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) from the charge (B ∝ 1/r²).

بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون کے مطابق، متحرک چارج سے پیدا ہونے والے مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت فاصلے (r) کے مربع کے معکوس متناسب ہوتی ہے (B ∝ 1/r²)۔

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7📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

Two electrons travelling with same speed. The magnetic field is zero at the mid-point between them. This means,

Explanation

By the right-hand rule, when two negative charges (electrons) travel at equal speed along parallel lines in the same direction, the magnetic fields they produce at the exact midpoint are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, cancelling each other out to zero.

جب دو الیکٹران مساوی رفتار سے متوازی لکیروں پر ایک ہی سمت (same direction) میں سفر کرتے ہیں، تو دائیں ہاتھ کے اصول کے مطابق ان کے بالکل درمیانی نقطے پر مقناطیسی میدان برابر اور مخالف سمت میں ہو کر صفر ہو جاتا ہے۔

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8📚🔬 Forensic ScienceWound Ballistics

Match the following:

List-I (Bullet Velocity Zone)
i. Under 400 m/s
ii. 400 to 600 m/s
iii. 600 to 1100 m/s
iv. Beyond 1100 m/s

List-II (Wounding phenomena)
a. Instantaneous death
b. Explosive wound
c. No abnormal wounding phenomena
d. Expanding bullets starts mushrooming

Explanation

The correct matches are: Under 400 m/s - No abnormal wounding phenomena (i-c); 400 to 600 m/s - Expanding bullets starts mushrooming (ii-d); 600 to 1100 m/s - Explosive wound (iii-b); Beyond 1100 m/s - Instantaneous death (iv-a).

صحیح جوڑ: 400 m/s سے کم -> کوئی غیر معمولی زخم نہیں (i-c)؛ 400-600 m/s -> گولی کا پھیلنا یا مشروم بننا (ii-d)؛ 600-1100 m/s -> دھماکہ خیز زخم (iii-b)؛ 1100 m/s سے زیادہ -> فوری موت (iv-a)۔

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9📚🔬 Forensic ScienceWound Ballistics

The range which commences beyond the limit of flame zone and extends up to the distance to which the gunpowder residues could be projected in the area surrounding the wound of entrance is

Explanation

The 'Near range' (or close range) is the zone beyond the burning flame where unburnt/semi-burnt gunpowder particles are projected, creating powder tattooing (stippling) on the skin.

وہ فاصلہ جو شعلے کے زون سے آگے ہوتا ہے لیکن وہاں تک گولی کے بارود کے ذرات (tattooing) جلد پر نشان چھوڑ سکتے ہیں، اسے نیئر رینج (Near range) یا قریب کا فاصلہ کہتے ہیں۔

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10📚🔬 Forensic ScienceInternal Ballistics

The velocity of the bullet when it just exits the barrel of the firearm is called

Explanation

Muzzle velocity is the speed at which a projectile exits the muzzle (the end of the barrel) of a firearm.

بندوق کی نالی کے منہ (muzzle) سے باہر نکلتے وقت گولی کی رفتار کو مزل ویلاسٹی (Muzzle velocity) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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11📚🔬 Forensic ScienceRifling

Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as

Explanation

The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).

نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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12📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTerminal Ballistics

The velocity of bullet at the time of impact is called as

Explanation

Striking velocity is the speed of the projectile at the exact instant it hits the target.

گولی کے ہدف سے ٹکرانے کے وقت کی رفتار کو اسٹرائیکنگ ویلاسٹی (Striking velocity) کہا جاتا ہے۔ نالی سے نکلتے وقت کی رفتار کو مزل ویلاسٹی کہتے ہیں۔

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13📚🔬 Forensic ScienceExternal Ballistics

The factor affects the path of the projectile are

i. Air resistance
ii. Force of gravity
iii. Spin

Explanation

The trajectory (path) of a bullet is affected by gravity (vertical drop), air resistance/drag (loss of speed), and gyroscopic spin (stabilization and drift).

گولی کے فضا میں راستے (trajectory) پر ہوا کی رکاوٹ، کشش ثقل (gravity)، اور گولی کے گھومنے کا عمل (spin) تینوں اثر انداز ہوتے ہیں۔

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14📚🔬 Forensic ScienceBallistics

The distance up to which a shooter can take aim and make a kill is called as

Explanation

Effective range is the maximum distance at which a shooter can reasonably expect to hit and disable/kill a target using the weapon system.

وہ زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ جہاں تک ایک نشانہ باز درست نشانہ لگا کر ہدف کو ختم کر سکتا ہے، مؤثر رینج (Effective range) کہلاتا ہے۔

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15📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?

Explanation

Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.

پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔

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16📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Entomology

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

i. Insect colonisation occurs slower if body is completely burnt.
ii. Insect colonisation is influenced by the biogeoclimatic zone
iii. Exposure to sunlight causes faster depletion of resources by the insects.

Explanation

All statements are true: Charring limits/slows early fly colonization (i); different climate zones affect insect species (ii); and sunlight speeds up larval metabolism and carcass depletion (iii).

تینوں بیانات درست ہیں: جلی ہوئی لاش پر کیڑوں کا حملہ آہستہ ہوتا ہے (i)؛ مختلف آب و ہوا کے زون کیڑوں کے حملے پر اثر انداز ہوتے ہیں (ii)؛ اور دھوپ میں کیڑے تیزی سے وسائل کو ختم کرتے ہیں (iii)۔

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17📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Entomology

Arrange the sequence of steps you will perform as a forensic entomologist in an outdoor crime scene:

i. Collection of live adult flies
ii. Collection of soil temperatures under the body after its removal
iii. Photography, notations of the overall crime scene from a safe distance
iv. Collection of insects on the body

Explanation

First photograph the scene (iii), catch flying adult insects before they disperse (i), collect crawling insects/maggots from the remains (iv), and lastly collect soil temperatures beneath the body once it is moved (ii).

صحیح ترتیب: جائے وقوعہ کی دور سے تصویر کشی (iii) -> اڑنے والے کیڑوں کو پکڑنا (i) -> لاش پر موجود رینگنے والے کیڑے جمع کرنا (iv) -> لاش ہٹانے کے بعد مٹی کا درجہ حرارت لینا (ii)۔

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18📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Science

A forensic scientist becomes an expert by the virtue of

Explanation

Under Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, a forensic scientist qualifies as an expert through education/knowledge, specialized training, and practical experience/practice.

قانونِ شہادت کے تحت، ایک فارنسک سائنسدان اپنے علم، مسلسل مشق، تربیت اور تجربے (All of the above) کی بنیاد پر عدالت میں ایک ماہر (expert) بنتا ہے۔

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19📚⚗️ ChemistryExplosives

What is not the primary component of an high explosive train?

Explanation

An explosive train consists of a fuse, primer (detonator), booster, and main charge. A safety switch is an electrical or mechanical safety device, not an active chemical/explosive component of the train itself.

ہائی ایکسپلوسیو ٹرین میں ڈیٹونیٹر، فیوز اور پرائمر شامل ہوتے ہیں جو دھماکے کو آگے بڑھاتے ہیں۔ سیفٹی سوئچ (Safety Switch) اس ٹرین کا دھماکہ خیز حصہ نہیں ہے۔

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20📚⚛️ PhysicsChromatography

Which of the following is the disadvantage of nitrogen, which can be used as carrier gas in gas chromatography?

Explanation

Nitrogen acts as a heavier carrier gas compared to Helium or Hydrogen, leading to reduced sensitivity or slower analysis speed in mass spectrometers and specific GC detectors.

گیس کرومیٹوگرافی میں نائٹروجن کو کیریئر گیس کے طور پر استعمال کرنے کا نقصان یہ ہے کہ یہ کچھ ڈیٹیکٹرز میں حساسیت کو کم (Reduced Sensitivity) کر دیتی ہے۔

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21📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringComputer Architecture

Components that provide internal storage to the CPU are

Explanation

Registers are high-speed internal storage locations directly built inside the CPU to store data, instructions, and intermediate results during processing.

سی پی یو (CPU) کے اندر عارضی اور تیز ترین اسٹوریج فراہم کرنے والے حصوں کو رجسٹرز (Registers) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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22📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringComputer Architecture

The number of cycles of operations performed by a processor per second is called its

Explanation

The clock speed (or clock rate) measures the number of cycles a CPU executes per second, typically measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz).

پروسیسر کے ایک سیکنڈ میں کام کرنے کے چکروں (cycles) کی تعداد کو کلاک اسپیڈ (clock speed) کہتے ہیں۔

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23📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Medicine

Consider the following statements regarding who can conduct an autopsy in India.
i. A trained Magistrate
ii. A Registered Medical Practitioner in forensic medicine
iii. Coroner
iv. A doctor with B.A.M.S degree
Which of the above statements are true/correct?

Explanation

In India, an autopsy (post-mortem examination) can only be performed by a Registered Medical Practitioner (holding a valid MBBS degree or specialization in Forensic Medicine/MD). Magistrates and coroners only conduct inquests/inquiries, and B.A.M.S. doctors (Ayurvedic practitioners) are generally not authorized to perform forensic autopsies.

ہندوستان میں پوسٹ مارٹم یا آٹوپسی صرف فارنزک میڈیسن میں رجسٹرڈ میڈیکل پریکٹیشنر (MBBS/MD) ہی کر سکتا ہے۔ مجسٹریٹ انکوائری کرتے ہیں اور بی اے ایم ایس (B.A.M.S) ڈاکٹروں کو فارنزک پوسٹ مارٹم کی اجازت نہیں ہوتی۔ اس لیے صرف بیان ii درست ہے۔

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24📚🔬 Forensic ScienceDynamic Signatures

The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-

Explanation

A Biometric Signature Pad (or digital signature pad) captures dynamic signature features such as stroke speed, pressure, direction, and rhythm for identity verification.

بایومیٹرک سگنیچر پیڈ (Biometric Signature Pad) دستخط کے وقت قلم کی رفتار، دباؤ اور تال (rhythm) کو ریکارڈ کر کے شناخت کی تصدیق کرتا ہے۔

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25📚🧬 BiologyQuestioned Documents

Match the following:
1. Handwriting comparison -> a. Speed and Rhythm
2. Disguised signature -> b. Master Pattern
3. Genuine signature -> c. Tracing
4. Type of forgery -> d. Pen-lifts and pen pauses

Explanation

Handwriting comparison relies on establishing the Master Pattern (1-b). Disguised signatures show hesitations like pen-lifts and pen pauses (2-d). Genuine signatures are characterized by natural speed and rhythm (3-a). Tracing is a type of forgery (4-c). This corresponds to option C.

صحیح ملاپ یہ ہے: لکھاوٹ کا موازنہ ماسٹر پیٹرن سے ہوتا ہے (1-b)، بھیس بدلے ہوئے دستخط میں قلم کا رکنا اور اٹھنا پایا جاتا ہے (2-d)، سچے دستخط میں رفتار اور تال ہوتی ہے (3-a)، اور ٹریسنگ جعل سازی کی ایک قسم ہے (4-c)۔

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26📚🔬 Forensic ScienceElasticity

Hooke's Law describes the relationship between stress and:

Explanation

Hooke's Law states that within the elastic limit of a material, the stress applied is directly proportional to the strain produced.

ہُک کے قانون (Hooke's Law) کے مطابق، لچک کی حد کے اندر کسی مادی چیز پر ڈالا جانے والا دباؤ (stress) اس کی بگاڑ یا کھنچاؤ (strain) کے براہ راست متناسب (proportional) ہوتا ہے۔

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27📚⚛️ PhysicsMechanics

What is the maximum velocity of a car of mass 100 kg can go round a level curve without skidding? (g=10m/s² µ between road and tyre = 0.6, Radius of curvature = 20m).

Explanation

The maximum velocity without skidding on a level road is v_max = sqrt(μ g R). Substituting the values: v_max = sqrt(0.6 10 20) = sqrt(120) ≈ 10.95 m/s. The closest safe integer speed is 10 m/s (12 m/s exceeds the limit).

کیر کے پھسلنے کے بغیر زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کا فارمولا v = sqrt(μ g R) ہے۔ قیمتیں رکھنے پر: v = sqrt(0.6 10 20) = sqrt(120) ≈ 10.95 میٹر فی سیکنڈ۔ سب سے قریبی اور محفوظ آپشن '10 m/s' ہے۔

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28📚⚛️ PhysicsLasers

The beam width of a Gaussian beam is defined as the distance between points where the intensity drops to:

Explanation

In Gaussian beam analysis, the beam width can be defined at the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), where the intensity drops to 50% of its peak value.

گاسین بیم (Gaussian beam) کی چوڑائی اکثر اس فاصلے سے ناپی جاتی ہے جہاں شدت گر کر نصف یعنی 50 فیصد رہ جاتی ہے، جسے FWHM کہتے ہیں۔

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29📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGaussian Beams

Statement (A): A Gaussian beam is characterised by a bell-shaped intensity curve
Statement (B): A Gaussian beam has uniform intensity across the beam
Statement (C): A Gaussian beam shows exponential decrease in intensity

Explanation

A Gaussian beam has a bell-shaped radial intensity profile (A is true) and decreases exponentially as a function of the square of the distance from the beam axis (C is true). It does not have uniform intensity (B is false). Thus, only A and C are correct.

گاسین بیم کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: اس کی شدت گھنٹی نما منحنی (bell-shaped) پیٹرن کی ہوتی ہے (A) اور یہ محور سے دور ہونے پر تیزی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C)۔ اس کی شدت ہر جگہ یکساں نہیں ہوتی (B غلط ہے)۔ یعنی صرف A اور C درست ہیں۔

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30📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSignature Examination

Which of the following are characteristics of a genuine signature?

Explanation

Genuine signatures are written with natural speed, flow, and consistent rhythm. Forged signatures tend to show hesitation, tremors, pen pauses, and unnatural pen lifts.

اصلی اور سچے دستخطوں کی اہم خصوصیات یہ ہیں کہ وہ قدرتی بہاؤ (flow)، تیز رفتاری (speed) اور ہموار تال (rhythm) کے ساتھ کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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31📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Principles

Read the two statements and answer accordingly.

Statement A: - A forensic scientist must be called to reconstruct a crime scene.
Statement B: - Experience is the only factor in the effectiveness of a forensic expert.

Explanation

Both statements are false. Investigating officers or trained crime scene technicians can reconstruct scenes (A is not a strict 'must' for a laboratory scientist). For B, scientific education, validated methods, and continuous training are just as important as experience.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں۔ کرائم سین کی تعمیر نو تفتیشی افسران بھی کر سکتے ہیں (سائنسدان کا ہونا 'لازمی' نہیں)۔ اس کے علاوہ، سائنسی اصول، تعلیم اور طریقہ کار بھی اتنے ہی اہم ہیں جتنی کہ تجربہ (صرف تجربہ ہی سب کچھ نہیں ہوتا)۔

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32📚🧬 BiologySecurity Instrumentation

What technique is most preferred for trace analysis of narcotics during security check.

Explanation

Handheld Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is the preferred technology at security checkpoints (airports, border control) due to its high speed (seconds) and extreme sensitivity for trace vapors and residues of narcotics and explosives.

ہوائی اڈوں اور حفاظتی چوکیوں پر منشیات کے باریک ذرات کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے ہینڈ ہیلڈ آئی ایم ایس (IMS - Ion Mobility Spectrometry) آلے کو سب سے زیادہ ترجیح دی جاتی ہے۔

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33📚⚛️ PhysicsHPLC

Which of the following(s) is/are the advantage of HPLC over traditional LPLC (low-pressure liquid chromatography)?

Explanation

HPLC offers significant advantages over low-pressure chromatography, including high speed, reusable high-pressure columns, greater sensitivity (PMT/diode array detectors), capability to analyze macromolecules/ionic species, and non-destructive sample recovery. Thus, all are advantages.

ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) کے پرانی کالم کرومیٹوگرافی پر تمام فوائد ہیں: زیادہ حساسیت، دوبارہ استعمال کے قابل کالم، میکرو مالیکیولر تجزیہ، اور نمونوں کو دوبارہ حاصل کرنے کی سہولت۔

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34📚⚗️ ChemistryThin Layer Chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography can be used to analyse samples that are believed to contain explosives. In this technique, the parameter known as the retardation factor (RF) can be determined. Which of the following equates to the Rf value of a given component of the material analysed?

Explanation

The Retardation Factor (Rf) in TLC is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the compound (spot) by the distance traveled by the solvent front from the starting origin line.

ٹی ایل سی (TLC) میں آر ایف قیمت (Rf value) کا فارمولا یہ ہے: اسپاٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ تقسیم سالونٹ فرنٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ۔ یعنی آپشن A صحیح جواب ہے۔

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35📚🔬 Forensic ScienceVehicle Accident Reconstruction

In the forensic examination of a vehicle, which amalgamation of characteristics among the following elements serves as critical evidence for determining both the speed and size attributes?

Explanation

Skid marks left on the road surface serve as critical evidence. The length of the skid marks allows investigators to estimate the vehicle's pre-braking speed (using friction coefficients), while the width, tread patterns, and track spacing within those skid marks provide crucial information about the vehicle's size and tire dimensions.

سڑک پر گاڑی کے گھسیٹنے کے نشانات (Skid marks) رفتار اور سائز دونوں کا تعین کرنے میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔ نشانات کی لمبائی سے گاڑی کی رفتار معلوم ہوتی ہے، جبکہ نشانات کی چوڑائی اور پیٹرن سے ٹائر اور گاڑی کے سائز کا پتا چلتا ہے۔

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36📚⚛️ PhysicsCondensed Matter Physics

According to principles of condensed matter physics, what is the critical factor determining the electronic properties of nanoscale structures?

Explanation

In condensed matter physics, the electronic band structure and properties of nanomaterials are highly sensitive to interatomic distances and atomic arrangements, which influence electron orbital overlap and quantum confinement.

کنڈینسڈ میٹر فزکس کے مطابق، نینو اسکیل ڈھانچے کی برقی خصوصیات (electronic properties) کا تعین کرنے میں ایٹموں کے درمیانی فاصلے (interatomic distances) سب سے اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔

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37📚🔢 MathUnits and Measurements

When dealing with ballistic trajectories in physics, which metric unit is commonly used to measure projectile velocity?

Explanation

The standard SI (metric) unit of velocity used in physics and ballistics is meters per second (m/s). Feet per second (fps) is an imperial unit.

طبیعیات میں بیلسٹک رفتار کی پیمائش کے لیے سائنسی میٹرک نظام کے تحت میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s) کا یونٹ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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38📚🔢 MathMechanical Properties

What in the context of metal physics, what fundamental properties are investigated in stress-strain analysis to understand the behaviour of steel bars under applied forces?

Explanation

Stress-strain analysis of steel bars yields the elastic modulus (Young's modulus, representing stiffness) and yield strength (threshold of plastic deformation), which describe the mechanical load capacity.

اسٹیل کے سریوں پر دباؤ اور تناؤ کے تجزیے (stress-strain analysis) سے ان کے لچکدار ماڈیولس اور حاصل قوت (Elastic modulus and yield strength) کا پتا لگایا جاتا ہے۔

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39📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Photography

In photography, how does a faster shutter speed affect the exposure of an image?

Explanation

A faster shutter speed keeps the camera's shutter curtain open for a shorter duration, letting less light reach the sensor, which darkens the overall exposure.

شٹر کی تیز رفتار (faster shutter speed) روشنی کے دورانیے کو کم کرتی ہے، جس کی وجہ سے تصویر تاریک (Darkens the image) ہو جاتی ہے۔

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40📚⚛️ PhysicsMicroscopy

In polarized light microscopy, what term describes the phenomenon where different colours of light travel at different speeds through a material, resulting in a variation in refractive index with wavelength?

Explanation

Birefringence (double refraction) is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and direction of light propagation, splitting light into two perpendicular rays traveling at different speeds.

پولرائزڈ لائٹ مائیکروسکوپی میں، دوہری اپورتن یا بائی ریفرنجنس (Birefringence) سے مراد روشنی کے مختلف دھڑوں کا الگ رفتار سے سفر کرنا اور شیشے کے دو مختلف ریفریکٹیو انڈیکس بنانا ہے۔

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41📚⚛️ PhysicsX-Ray Crystallography

What could be a possible explanation for the broadening of the peaks in an X Ray diffraction pattern?

Explanation

Peak broadening in XRD is caused by small crystallite size, microstrain/defects, and instrumental factors. The presence of impurities introduces lattice defects and strain, which causes peak broadening.

ایکس رے ڈفریکشن (XRD) پیٹرن میں چوٹیوں کے چوڑا ہونے (broadening) کی وجہ کرسٹل میں خرابی، مائیکرو اسٹرین یا ناخالصیوں کی موجودگی (Presence of impurities) ہوسکتی ہے۔

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42📚🔢 MathElectromagnetic Waves

If the wavenumber of a specific IR absorption band is

1600 \text{ cm}^{-1}

and the corresponding wavelength is 6.25 µm, calculate the speed of light in the medium.

Explanation

Wavelength

\lambda = 6.25 \text{ }\mu\text{m} = 6.25 \times 10^{-6}\text{ m}

is exactly the inverse of the wavenumber $\bar{
u} = 1600 \text{ cm}^{-1}

. The question implies standard electromagnetic velocity, matching

3.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}$ (Option A).

ویو نمبر اور طولِ موج کا حاصل ضرب روشنی کی رفتار کے تعلق کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ آپشنز کے مطابق اس کا درست متبادل روشنی کی عمومی رفتار

3.0 \times 10^8\text{ m/s}

ہے۔

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43📚🔢 MathTime, Speed & Distance

The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:

Explanation

Speed of the second train = Distance / Time = 400 km / 4 hours = 100 km/hr. Since the ratio of their speeds is 7:8, the speed of the first train = (7 / 8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.

دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ رفتار کا تناسب 7:8 ہے، پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔

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44📚🔢 MathTime, Speed & Distance

With an average speed of 40 km/hr, a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 35 km/hr, it is late by 15 minutes. Find the length of the total journey.

Explanation

Let distance be d. The time difference is 15 minutes = 0.25 hours.
- d/35 - d/40 = 1/4
- (8d - 7d)/280 = 1/4
- d = 280 / 4 = 70 km.

فرض کریں کل فاصلہ d کلومیٹر ہے۔ وقت کا فرق 15 منٹ یعنی 1/4 گھنٹہ ہے:

d/35 - d/40 = 1/4 \implies d = 70

کلومیٹر۔

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45📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Identify the best alternative for the italicized and bold part: The use of radar, as well as two-way radio paging, make it possible for state police to intercept most speeders.

Explanation

The subject of the sentence is the singular noun phrase 'The use of radar'. The parenthetical addition introduced by 'as well as' does not change the subject to plural. Therefore, the verb must be singular ('makes').

چونکہ جملے کا اصل فاعل 'The use of radar' (واحد) ہے، اس لیے فعل بھی واحد ہوگا، یعنی 'makes it possible'۔

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46📚💻 ComputerComputer Hardware & Memory

The speed of computer is usually measured in

Explanation

Processor clock speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz), which indicates how many instruction cycles the CPU can execute per second.

کمپیوٹر پروسیسر کی رفتار عام طور پر میگا ہرٹز (MHz) یا گیگا ہرٹز (GHz) میں ماپی جاتی ہے۔

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47📚🔢 MathSpeed Distance Time

A bus travels 3/4 of its usual distance in 2/3 the usual time. What percentage change in speed of bus has occurred?

Explanation

Let usual distance = d, usual time = t. Speed = d/t.
New speed = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = (9/8) (d/t) = 1.125 * (d/t).
This represents an increase of 0.125, which is 12.5% increase.

فرض کریں معمول کا فاصلہ = d، وقت = t۔ رفتار = d/t۔
نئی رفتار = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = 1.125 (d/t)۔ یعنی رفتار میں 12.5 فیصد اضافہ ہوا ہے۔

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48📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science

Which shutter speed lets in more light?

Explanation

1/30 of a second is a slower shutter speed than the others, keeping the shutter open longer and letting in more light.

1/30 سیکنڈ دیگر کے مقابلے میں دھیمی شٹر سپیڈ ہے، یعنی شٹر زیادہ دیر کھلا رہے گا اور زیادہ روشنی اندر آئے گی۔

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49📚🔢 MathArithmetic Puzzles

A stairway 10 ft. high is such that each step accounts for half a foot upward and one foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?

Explanation

The total vertical steps = 10 / 0.5 = 20 steps. The ant climbs 20 risers (20 * 0.5 = 10 ft). However, it only moves forward for 19 steps because once it climbs the 20th riser, it is already at the top platform and does not need to walk forward. Total distance = 10 ft (vertical) + 19 ft (horizontal) = 29 ft.

سیڑھیوں کی کل بلندی 10 فٹ ہے اور ہر سیڑھی آدھا فٹ بلند ہے، یعنی کل 20 سیڑھیاں ہیں۔ چیونٹی 20 بار اوپر چڑھے گی (20 * 0.5 = 10 فٹ)۔ لیکن وہ صرف 19 بار آگے بڑھے گی کیونکہ آخری سیڑھی پر چڑھتے ہی وہ بلندی پر پہنچ جائے گی۔ کل فاصلہ = 10 فٹ (اوپر) + 19 فٹ (آگے) = 29 فٹ۔

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50📚🔢 MathTime and Work

If 20 men can build a wall 56 metres long in 6 days, what length of a similar wall can be built by 35 men in 3 days?

Explanation

Using formula M1 D1 / W1 = M2 D2 / W2 => 20 6 / 56 = 35 3 / W2 => 120 / 56 = 105 / W2 => W2 = (105 * 56) / 120 = 49 meters.

فارمولہ M1 D1 / W1 = M2 D2 / W2 استعمال کرنے پر: 20 6 / 56 = 35 3 / W2، جس کو حل کرنے پر W2 = 49 میٹر حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

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51📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.

Explanation

Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.

فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔

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52📚📡 Electronics & TelecomElectrical Machines

The magnetic field produced in the stator of a three phase induction motor travels at

Explanation

In a three-phase induction motor, the rotating magnetic field (RMF) generated in the stator travels at synchronous speed (

N_s = 120f/P

).

تھری فیز انڈکشن موٹر کے اسٹیٹر (stator) میں پیدا ہونے والا گھومنے والا مقناطیسی میدان (RMF) سنکرونس اسپیڈ (Synchronous speed) پر سفر کرتا ہے۔

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53📚📡 Electronics & TelecomElectrical Machines

At start, the following information is correct for an induction motor:

I. Speed = 0
II. Slip = 0.5
III. Slip = 1
IV. Slip = 0

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

At start, the motor is stationary, so speed N = 0 (I). The slip s is defined as

(N_s - N)/N_s

. Since N = 0, slip s = 1 (III). Thus, I and III are correct.

اسٹارٹ کے وقت موٹر رکی ہوتی ہے اس لیے اسپیڈ (N) صفر ہوتی ہے (I)۔ اور سلپ (s) کا فارمولا (Ns-N)/Ns ہے، چونکہ N=0 ہے، اس لیے سلپ کا مان 1 ہوتا ہے (III)۔

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54📚⚛️ PhysicsWave Propagation

The ionosphere acts as the reflecting surface for the waves in which of the following modes of propagation?

Explanation

Sky wave propagation involves the reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere back to the earth, allowing long-distance shortwave communications.

اسکائی ویو پروپیگیشن (Sky wave) کے عمل میں ریڈیو لہریں فضا کی آئنوسفیئر (Ionosphere) تہہ سے ٹکرا کر زمین پر واپس آتی ہیں، جس سے طویل فاصلے کا رابطہ ممکن ہوتا ہے۔

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55📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement

Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order.

P: Creating a relaxing bedroom environment is very important too, and this can be done using a calming, subtle fragrance.
Q: It is possible to retrain your brain to have a sound sleep.
R: This is possible if you make sure your room is undisturbed, quiet and dark.
S: Start by regulating the times you go to bed and get up.

Explanation

The correct sequence is QSRP. Q introduces the main topic of retraining the brain for sleep. S gives the first step. R explains how the environment supports this, and P adds another aspect of the environment ('too').

درست ترتیب QSRP ہے۔ Q دماغ کو پرسکون نیند کے لیے دوبارہ تربیت دینے کا تعارف کرواتا ہے۔ S پہلا قدم بتاتا ہے۔ R ماحول کی وضاحت کرتا ہے، اور P ماحول کا ایک اور رخ شامل کرتا ہے۔

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56📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:

Explanation

Speed of the second train = 400 km / 4 hrs = 100 km/hr. Since ratio is 7:8, speed of the first train = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.

دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ تناسب 7:8 ہے، اس لیے پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) × 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔

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57📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:

Explanation

Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.

اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔

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58📚🧩 ReasoningStatement & Conclusion

Statements:
I. People who live in big cities crowd into jammed trains or buses.
II. They cross the street in competition with high powered motor cars.

Conclusions:
I. Traffic jam is inevitable in big cities.
II. Travelling is very difficult for big city people.

Explanation

The statements describe crowded public transport and competing with cars, which directly supports the conclusion that travelling/commuting is very difficult (II). It does not declare traffic jams as absolutely inevitable (I). Only II follows.

بیانات میں ہجوم والی بسوں اور گاڑیوں کے مقابلے کا ذکر ہے، جو یہ ظاہر کرتا ہے کہ بڑے شہروں کے لوگوں کے لیے سفر کرنا مشکل (II) ہے۔ یہ ٹریفک جام کو ناگزیر قرار نہیں دیتا۔

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59📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.

Explanation

Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.

دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔

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60📚🧩 ReasoningClocks

Find the angle between the Hour hand and the Minute hand when the time is quarter past three (3:15 PM).

Explanation

At 3:15, the minute hand is exactly at the 3 mark. The hour hand has moved forward for 15 minutes. Speed of hour hand = 0.5 degrees per minute. Angle moved = 15 * 0.5° = 7.5°. Thus, the angle between the hands is 7.5°.

3:15 پر منٹ کی سوئی بالکل 3 پر ہوتی ہے۔ گھنٹے کی سوئی 15 منٹ میں آگے بڑھ چکی ہوتی ہے۔ گھنٹے کی سوئی کی رفتار 0.5 ڈگری فی منٹ ہوتی ہے۔ 15 منٹ کا سفر = 15 × 0.5° = 7.5°۔

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61📚🧩 ReasoningClassification

Which of the following is the odd one out?

Explanation

Inch, Meter, and Centimeter are units of length/distance. Kilogram is a unit of mass.

انچ (Inch)، میٹر (Meter) اور سینٹی میٹر (Centimeter) لمبائی کی اکائیاں ہیں، جبکہ کلوگرام (Kilogram) کمیت (Mass) کی اکائی ہے۔

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62📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

If 2 members start running at the same time and in the same direction at speeds of 10 km/hr and 12 km/hr, calculate the time after which they will be apart from each other by 8 km.

Explanation

Relative speed = 12 km/hr - 10 km/hr = 2 km/hr. Time required to separate by 8 km = Distance / Relative Speed = 8 km / 2 km/hr = 4 hours.

نسبتی رفتار (Relative Speed) = 12 - 10 = 2 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ 8 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ پیدا کرنے کا وقت = 8 / 2 = 4 گھنٹے۔

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63📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringGeodetic Surveying

In great survey networks, typically

Explanation

In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.

بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

64📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringArches

The perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados of an arch is called

Explanation

The perpendicular distance between the inner curve (intrados) and the outer curve (extrados) of an arch ring is defined as the depth of the arch.

محراب (Arch) کے اندرونی منحنی خط (intrados) اور بیرونی منحنی خط (extrados) کے درمیان کے عمودی فاصلے کو محراب کی گہرائی (Depth of an arch) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

65📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringIrrigation Principles

The irrigation is necessary in an area

Explanation

Irrigation becomes necessary in an area due to insufficient/scanty rainfall, non-uniform/seasonal distribution of rain, or when growing cash/commercial crops that require a continuous and regulated water supply.

کسی علاقے میں آبپاشی کی ضرورت بارش کی کمی، بارش کی غیر یقینی صورتحال، یا تجارتی فصلوں (کمرشل فصلیں) کو پانی کی زیادہ اور مستقل ضرورت کی وجہ سے پڑتی ہے۔ اس لیے تمام وجوہات درست ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

66📚🧬 BiologyCanal Structures

Cross regulators are provided in canals for which of the following purposes?

Explanation

Cross regulators are built across a parent canal to: 1. Raise the water level on the upstream side to feed off-taking canals during low discharges. 2. Stop flow downstream for repairs. 3. Control and absorb fluctuations in the canal system.

نہروں میں کراس ریگولیٹرز (Cross regulators) کا کام کم ڈسچارج کے وقت پانی کی سطح کو بڑھانا، نیچے کی طرف پانی بند کرنا، اور نہر کے نظام میں پانی کے اتار چڑھاؤ کو کنٹرول کرنا ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے تمام جوابات درست ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

67📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringScales

Two villas that are present on the map are actually 20 km away from each other and the scale of the map is 1: 20000. Calculate the distance on the map between the two villas?

Explanation

Actual Distance =

20 \text{ km} = 20 \times 10^3 \text{ m} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}

. Map Distance =

\text{Actual Distance} \times \text{Scale} = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 \text{ cm}

.

حقیقی فاصلہ =

20 \text{ km} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}

۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = حقیقی فاصلہ / اسکیل کا ڈینومینیٹر = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 cm۔ اس لیے درست جواب 100cm ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

68📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringRailway Track

How is speed of the train related to the track gauge distance provided?

Explanation

The maximum speed of trains is directly proportional to the gauge of the track. Wider gauges (like Broad Gauge) provide greater lateral stability, allowing for significantly higher train speeds than narrower gauges.

ٹرین کی رفتار ریلوے ٹریک کے گیج (دو پٹریوں کے درمیان فاصلہ) کے راست تناسب (Directly proportional) ہوتی ہے۔ وسیع تر گیج زیادہ استحکام دیتا ہے جس سے رفتار بڑھائی جا سکتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

69📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Instruments

Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:

Explanation

The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.

درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

70📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBuilding Services

In escalators, the angle of inclination with the horizontal plane should be in the range of:

Explanation

According to safety standards, the angle of inclination of an escalator with the horizontal plane must not exceed 30° in general, but can be up to 35° depending on the vertical rise and speed limitations.

حفاظتی معیارات کے مطابق، متحرک سیڑھیوں (Escalators) کا افقی سطح کے ساتھ جھکاؤ کا زاویہ 30° سے 35° (30°-35°) کے درمیان ہونا چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

71📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringChain Surveying

Which of the following is not required for chain surveying?

Explanation

A dumpy level is a levelling instrument used to establish elevations. It is not required for simple chain surveying, which only measures horizontal distances using a chain, arrows, pegs, and ranging rods.

چین سروے (Chain surveying) میں فاصلے ماپنے کے لیے زنجیر، ایروز اور پیگز استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ ڈمپی لیول (Dumpy level) اونچائی ماپنے کا آلہ ہے، جو اس سروے کے لیے ضروری نہیں ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

72📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringDams

The uplift pressure on a dam can be controlled by which of the following methods?
i) Constructing cut-off under upstream face
ii) Constructing drainage channels between the dam and its foundation
iii) By pressure grouting in foundation
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Uplift pressure on a gravity dam is controlled by: 1. Upstream cut-off walls (reduces seepage head). 2. Drainage gallery/channels in the foundation (relieves uplift pressure). 3. Foundation pressure grouting (seals joints/fissures in rock foundation). Thus, all three methods are effective.

ڈیم پر پانی کے نیچے سے لگنے والے بوجھ (uplift pressure) کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے: اپ اسٹریم پر کٹ آف بنانا، ڈیم اور فاؤنڈیشن کے درمیان ڈرینیج گیلری بنانا اور بنیاد میں پریشر گراؤٹنگ کرنا، یہ تینوں طریقے استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

73📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringWater Supply Intake

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. The intake of a water supply scheme should

Explanation

The intake of a municipal water supply must always be located upstream of any wastewater disposal point to avoid collecting contaminated sewage water. Hence, locating it downstream is incorrect.

پانی کی سپلائی اسکیم کا انٹیک (جہاں سے پانی لیا جائے) گندے پانی کے اخراج کے پوائنٹ سے ہمیشہ اپ اسٹریم (اوپر کی طرف) ہونا چاہیے تاکہ آلودہ پانی پینے میں نہ آئے۔ اس لیے ڈاؤن اسٹریم والا بیان (C) غلط ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department

74📚⚛️ PhysicsMotion & Distance

You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr how far distance will your vehicle can travel in 20 minutes?

Explanation

Speed =

72 \text{ km/h}

. Time =

20 \text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} \text{ hour} = \frac{1}{3} \text{ hour}

. Distance =

\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72 \times \frac{1}{3} = 24 \text{ km}

.

رفتار = 72 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ وقت = 20 منٹ = 1/3 گھنٹہ۔ فاصلہ = رفتار × وقت = 72 × (1/3) = 24 کلومیٹر۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

75📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety & Speed Control

Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing

Explanation

Lower speeds reduce the probability of crashes because drivers have more time to react, stopping distances are shorter, and vehicle control is easier to maintain.

ٹریفک کی رفتار کو کم کرنا حادثات کی تعداد کو کم کرنے میں انتہائی مؤثر ثابت ہوتا ہے کیونکہ اس سے ڈرائیور کو ردعمل کا زیادہ وقت ملتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

76📚🚗 AutomotiveSpeed Limits

Maximum speed of "N" category goods carriage vehicles, on 4 lanes divided carriageway of National Highway roads in India

Explanation

According to the speed limit notifications by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), the maximum speed for Category N (goods carriage) vehicles on 4-lane divided national highways is 80 km/hr.

وزارتِ ٹرانسپورٹ (MoRTH) کے مطابق، نیشنل ہائی وے کی 4 لین والی سڑکوں پر مال بردار گاڑیوں (کیٹیگری N) کے لیے زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار 80 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ مقرر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

77📚🚗 AutomotiveMap Reading & Navigation

Among (i) Distance (ii) Direction and (iii) Symbol which are the components of the map:

Explanation

The three essential components of a map are distance, direction, and symbols.

کسی بھی نقشے کے تین اہم اجزاء ہوتے ہیں: فاصلہ (Distance)، سمت (Direction) اور علامت (Symbol)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

78📚🚗 AutomotiveMap Reading & Navigation

On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm = 100 meter". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then actual distance between the two locations is

Explanation

Map scale:

1 \text{ cm} = 100 \text{ m}

. Distance on map =

15 \text{ cm}

. Actual distance =

15 \times 100 \text{ m} = 1500 \text{ m} = 1.5 \text{ km}

.

نقشے کا پیمانہ: 1 سینٹی میٹر = 100 میٹر۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = 15 سینٹی میٹر۔ اصل فاصلہ = 15 × 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

79📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Signs

A circular road sign with a red border containing the number '50' represents:

Explanation

A number written inside a red circular border designates the maximum speed limit permitted on that road.

سرخ دائرے کے اندر لکھا ہوا نمبر '50' اس سڑک پر گاڑی چلانے کی زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کی حد (Maximum speed limit) کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

80📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Signs

A triangular warning sign showing a car with wavy skid marks behind it represents:

Explanation

A triangular cautionary sign showing a car skidding on wavy lines represents a 'Slippery road' ahead, warning the driver to reduce speed.

تکونی نشان میں پھسلتی ہوئی کار کی علامت کا مطلب ہے کہ آگے 'پھسلن والی سڑک' (Slippery road) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

81📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety

Which safety device should be used while driving a four-wheeler?

Explanation

A seatbelt is the primary mandatory occupant restraint safety device designed to be worn in four-wheelers to prevent injury during collisions.

چار پہیوں والی گاڑی چلاتے وقت بیلٹ (Seatbelt) کا استعمال لازمی ہے جو حادثے کی صورت میں چوٹ لگنے سے بچاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

82📚🚦 Driving & TrafficWet Weather Driving techniques

The most preferable driving technique with wet roads is

Explanation

When driving on wet roads, it is recommended to shift to a lower gear (which provides engine braking and better traction control) and reduce speed.

گیلی سڑکوں پر ڈرائیونگ کا بہترین طریقہ یہ ہے کہ گیئر چھوٹا کر لیں (Change down) اور گاڑی کی رفتار کو کم کریں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

83📚🚗 AutomotiveFriction & Slip

Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance travel along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance travel along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.

Explanation

In skidding, wheels lock up and stop rotating (circumference movement

\approx 0

), but the vehicle continues sliding forward (distance along road > wheel rotation). In slipping, wheels spin rapidly in place (wheel rotation > distance traveled). Both statements are true.

اسکیڈنگ میں بریک لاک ہو جاتی ہے اور گاڑی آگے گھسیٹتی ہے (فاصلہ > ٹائر گھومنا)؛ سلپنگ میں ٹائر تیزی سے گھومتا ہے لیکن گاڑی آگے نہیں بڑھتی (فاصلہ < ٹائر گھومنا)۔ دونوں بیانات سچ ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

84📚⚛️ PhysicsKinematics & Motion

On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other. They are traveling at 20 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively, towards each other. Both of them apply brakes, which deaccelerate both the buses at a rate of 5 m/s². How far apart will they be, when they have come to stop.

Explanation

Stopping distance

s = \frac{u^2}{2a}

. For Bus 1:

s_1 = \frac{20^2}{2 \times 5} = 40 \text{ m}

. For Bus 2:

s_2 = \frac{10^2}{2 \times 5} = 10 \text{ m}

. Total stopping distance =

s_1 + s_2 = 40 + 10 = 50 \text{ m}

. Thus, they need to be 50 meters apart to avoid a collision.

بس 1 کا فاصلہ: 20² / 10 = 40 میٹر۔ بس 2 کا فاصلہ: 10² / 10 = 10 میٹر۔ دونوں بسوں کے رکنے کا کل فاصلہ = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

85📚🚦 Driving & TrafficNight Driving Rules

Which of the following statement is recommended while driving at night on a low light street?

Explanation

On poorly lit streets at night, it is safest to reduce speed (drive slowly) and ensure your headlights are fully operational to detect any unexpected pedestrians or road hazards.

کم روشنی والی گلیوں میں گاڑی چلاتے وقت رفتار کم رکھنا اور ہیڈلائٹس کا درست استعمال کرنا سب سے محفوظ طریقہ ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

86📚🚗 AutomotiveTowing Regulations

Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is

Explanation

As per the Central Motor Vehicles Rules and road regulations, the towing distance (drawbar or towline length) between the rear of the towing vehicle and front of the towed vehicle must not exceed 5 meters.

موٹر وہیکل قوانین کے مطابق، کھینچنے والی گاڑی اور کھینچی جانے والی گاڑی کے درمیان زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ 5 میٹر سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

87📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics of Motion

If 1000 kg vehicle is moving at 10 m/s, it has a kinetic energy of

Explanation

Kinetic Energy (

KE

) =

\frac{1}{2} m v^2

. Given

m = 1000 \text{ kg}

,

v = 10 \text{ m/s}

.

KE = \frac{1}{2} \times 1000 \times 10^2 = 500 \times 100 = 50,000 \text{ Joules}

.

حرکی توانائی (Kinetic Energy) = ½ mv²۔ یہاں m = 1000 کلوگرام، v = 10 میٹر فی سیکنڈ۔ KE = ½ × 1000 × 10² = 50,000 جولز۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

88📚🚗 AutomotiveBelts & Pulleys

V-belts is most suitable when the distance between drive and the driven pulley is

Explanation

V-belts are designed for power transmission between shafts that are located close together (short center-to-center distances). Over long distances, they tend to slip or sag.

وی-بیلٹ (V-belt) پولی کے درمیان کم فاصلے (Short distance) پر طاقت کی ترسیل کے لیے سب سے زیادہ موزوں ہوتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

89📚🚗 AutomotiveFuels & Lubricants

The ignition quality or combustion speed of diesel fuel is indicated by

Explanation

Cetane number is a measure of the ignition delay and quality of diesel fuel. (Octane number is used for petrol).

ڈیزل ایندھن کے جلنے کی صلاحیت اور کوالٹی کو سیٹین نمبر (Cetane number) سے ماپا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

90📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Dimensions

"Wheel base" of a motor vehicle is the distance between the

Explanation

The wheelbase of a vehicle is defined as the distance between the center points of the front wheels and the rear wheels (axle-to-axle distance).

گاڑی کے اگلے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے مرکز کے درمیانی فاصلے (axle to axle distance) کو وہیل بیس (Wheel base) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

91📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Instruments

Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the distance covered by the motor vehicle?

Explanation

An odometer is the instrument on the vehicle dashboard that records the total distance traveled by the vehicle. (Speedometer measures speed).

گاڑی کی طرف سے طے کیا گیا کل فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کے لیے اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

92📚🧬 BiologyFish Taxonomy

Which of the following is not a meristic character?

Explanation

Meristic characters are countable anatomical features of fish (e.g., finlet count, gill rakers, scutes). Eye diameter is a measurable distance, which makes it a morphometric (not meristic) character.

میریسٹک (Meristic) خصوصیات وہ ہوتی ہیں جن کی گنتی کی جا سکتی ہے (جیسے پنلٹس، گل رنکرز اور سکیوٹس)۔ آنکھ کا قطر (Eye Diameter) ایک قابل پیمائش لمبائی ہے، اس لیے یہ مارفومیٹرک خصوصیت ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

93📚🧬 BiologyGenetics

Which of the following statements about linkage is true?
a. Linkage increases as distance between genes increases.
b. Linkage results in formation of more parental phenotype.
c. Repulsion and coupling are two phases of linkage.
d. Mendel recognized linkage phenomenon in his law of inheritance experiments.

Explanation

Statements b and c are true. Linkage keeps genes together, reducing crossing over, which leads to more parental phenotypes. Coupling and repulsion are the two phases of linkage. Statement a is false because linkage decreases as distance increases. Statement d is false because Mendel did not encounter linkage.

بیانات b اور c درست ہیں۔ ربط (Linkage) کی وجہ سے والدین کی طرح کی خصوصیات زیادہ بنتی ہیں، اور کپلنگ و ریپلشن اس کے دو پہلو ہیں۔ بیان a غلط ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ بڑھنے سے ربط کم ہوتا ہے۔ اور مینڈل نے ربط کا مشاہدہ نہیں کیا تھا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

94📚🧬 BiologyFish Anatomy

The dark muscles in fishes contain more ------than light muscles

Explanation

Dark (red) muscles in fishes contain a significantly higher density of mitochondria than light (white) muscles. This supports aerobic metabolism for continuous, long-distance swimming.

مچھلی کے سرخ یا گہرے پٹھے (Dark muscles) سفید پٹھوں کے مقابلے میں بہت زیادہ مائٹوکونڈریا (Mitochondria) پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں جو انہیں مسلسل تیرنے کی توانائی دیتے ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

95📚🧬 BiologySport Fishing

Rod used in bait fishing measures feet

Explanation

Traditional cane poles or rods used in bait fishing generally measure between 9 to 12 feet, providing the necessary reach and control to present bait without casting long distances.

روایتی طور پر چارہ استعمال کر کے مچھلی پکڑنے والی راڈ (Bait fishing rod) کی لمبائی 9 سے 12 فٹ (9-12 feet) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

96📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A train running at a speed of

90 \text{ km/h}

crosses a utility pole in

10 \text{ seconds}

. What is the length of the train in meters?

Explanation

Speed in m/s =

90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 \text{ m/s}

.
Time taken to cross the pole =

10 \text{ s}

.
Length of the train =

\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 25 \text{ m/s} \times 10 \text{ s} = 250 \text{ meters}

.

2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department

97📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewer Design Guidelines

The self-cleansing velocity of sewers in India generally is

Explanation

In Indian municipal sewer engineering practice (CPHEEO guidelines), self-cleansing velocity is maintained between

1.0\text{ m/s}

and

1.2\text{ m/s}

at peak flow to ensure that suspended solids and silt are transported without depositing along the sewer invert.

ہندوستان میں سیور کی خود صفائی کی رفتار (Self-cleansing velocity) عام طور پر 1 سے 1.2 میٹر فی سیکنڈ رکھی جاتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

98📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Self-Purification Zones

A polluted stream undergoes self-purification in four distinct zones:
a. Zone of clear water
b. Zone of Active decomposition
c. Zone of degradation
d. Zone of recovery

Explanation

The downstream sequence of self-purification in a river receiving wastewater effluent is: 1. Zone of degradation (c) → 2. Zone of active decomposition (b) → 3. Zone of recovery (d) → 4. Zone of clear water (a). Hence, the correct order is c, b, d, a.

کسی ندی میں گندے پانی کی خود صفائی کے زونز کی درست ترتیب: خرابی کا زون (c) ← فعال سڑن کا زون (b) ← بحالی کا زون (d) ← صاف پانی کا زون (a)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

99📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPreliminary Treatment & Comminutors

The patented device which shreds the larger sewage solids to about 6 mm, when sewage is screened through them is known as

Explanation

Comminutors (or shredders/grinders) are patented mechanical cutting devices equipped with rotating cutter teeth that intercept and shred coarse wastewater solids down to sizes of approximately 6 mm (

0.25\text{ inch}

), enabling them to remain in suspension for downstream processing.

کومینیوٹرز (Comminutors) وہ آلات ہیں جو سیوریج کے بڑے ٹھوس ٹکڑوں کو باریک (تقریباً 6 ملی میٹر) پیس دیتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

100📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNutrient Removal & Eutrophication

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to prevent:

Explanation

Nitrogen and phosphorus are limiting plant macronutrients. Removing them during tertiary biological wastewater treatment is essential to prevent rapid eutrophication, dense toxic algal blooms, and oxygen depletion in downstream receiving water bodies.

نائٹروجن اور فاسفورس کو صاف کرنا ندی نالوں میں الجی کے پھیلاؤ اور یوٹروفیکیشن کو روکنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

101📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies

Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:

Explanation

Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.

ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

102📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Pollution & DO Sag Curve

Arrange the following zones of river water pollution in the correct sequence of their occurrence after the discharge of effluent.
1. Zone of clear water
2. Zone of pollution
3. Zone of recovery
4. Zone of active decomposition

Explanation

The sequential zones of pollution downstream of an effluent outfall in a self-purifying river are: 2. Zone of pollution (degradation) → 4. Zone of active decomposition → 3. Zone of recovery → 1. Zone of clear water.

ندی میں گندا پانی گرنے کے بعد زونز کا درست سلسلہ: آلودگی کا زون (2) ← فعال سڑن کا زون (4) ← بحالی کا زون (3) ← صاف پانی کا زون (1)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

103📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPlume Dispersion Behavior: Coning

Coning is observed when:

Explanation

A coning plume profile occurs under neutral atmospheric stability (Environmental Lapse Rate equal to Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate) with high cloud cover and moderate-to-strong horizontal winds (

> 32\text{ km/h}

).

کوننگ پلوم (Coning plume) غیر جانبدار یعنی نیوٹرلی مستحکم ماحول (Neutrally stable atmosphere) میں بنتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

104📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Given below are two statements. One labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a more advanced tool in environmental management.
Reason (R): SEA is applicable at the level of policy, planning and programs.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Explanation

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) correctly explains (A). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is considered an advanced tool because it evaluates environmental consequences upstream at the strategic Policy, Plan, and Programme (PPP) level before individual project-level EIAs are even initiated.

دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور (R) درست وجہ بتاتا ہے کہ SEA پالیسی اور پلاننگ کی سطح پر کام کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

105📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceLandfill Siting Buffer Distances

According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?

Explanation

Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.

سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

106📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringFluid Hydraulics & Flowrate Formula

If the area of reactor is

0.25\text{ m}^2

through which water is flowing at a velocity of

10\text{ m/s},

what is the flowrate?

Explanation

Discharge/Flowrate

Q = \text{Cross-sectional Area } (A) \times \text{Flow Velocity } (V) = 0.25\text{ m}^2 \times 10\text{ m/s} = 2.5\text{ m}^3/\text{s}

.

بہاؤ کی شرح

Q = A \times V = 0.25 \times 10 = 2.5\text{ m}^3/\text{s}

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

107📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Site Suitability in EIA

How does GIS assist in identifying potential impacts during site selection in EIA for industries?

Explanation

GIS assists environmental site selection by integrating multi-layered spatial data (topography, land-use zoning, hydrology, wildlife corridors, and proximity to protected forests and populated settlements) to identify ecologically sensitive constraints.

GIS زمین کے استعمال اور حساس ماحولیاتی علاقوں کا ڈیٹا ملا کر محفوظ اور موزوں جگہ کے انتخاب میں مدد دیتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

108📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?

Explanation

Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.

ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

109📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Hardware & Expansion Slots

A PCIe slot is used for what purpose on a computer

Explanation

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slots on motherboards are high-speed expansion buses primarily used to connect dedicated Graphics Processing Units (GPUs / graphics cards), NVMe SSD cards, and network interface cards.

کمپیوٹر کے مدر بورڈ پر PCIe سلاٹ بنیادی طور پر گرافکس کارڈ (Graphics card) لگانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

110📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

Sachin can complete a job in 15 days. Ankit alone can complete the same job in 10 days. Sachin works for 9 days and then the remaining job is completed by Ankit. How many days will it take Ankit to complete the remaining job alone?

Explanation

Sachin's 9 days work

= 9 \times \frac{1}{15} = \frac{3}{5}

. Remaining work

= 1 - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{2}{5}

. Time for Ankit alone

= \frac{2}{5} \times 10 = 4

days.

انکت باقی کام کو 4 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

111📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

P and Q can do a piece of work in 32 and 40 days respectively. They began to work together but P leaves after sometimes and Q completed remaining work in 16 days. After how many days did P leaves (in days)?

Explanation

Total work

= 160

units. Efficiency of

P = 5

units/day,

Q = 4

units/day. Q worked alone for last 16 days

= 16 \times 4 = 64

units. Work done together

= 160 - 64 = 96

units. Combined rate

= 5 + 4 = 9

units/day. Days worked together

= \frac{96}{9} = \frac{32}{3}

days.

P نے

\frac{32}{3}

دن بعد کام چھوڑ دیا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

112📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days, B and C together can do it in 20 days. A starts the work and works on it for 5 days, then B takes it up and works for 15 days, Finally, C finishes the work in 18 days. In how many days can C do the work when doing it separately (in days)?

Explanation

Grouping work: 5 days of (A+B) + 10 days of (B+C) + 8 days of C

= 1

.

5(1/30) + 10(1/20) + 8/C = 1 \implies 1/6 + 1/2 + 8/C = 1 \implies 2/3 + 8/C = 1 \implies 8/C = 1/3 \implies C = 24

days.

C اکیلا پورا کام 24 دن میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

113📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Sheetal rides a bike at an average speed of 40 kmph and reaches her destination in 5 hours. Hemlata covers the same distance in 4 hrs. If Sheetal increases her average speed by 10 kmph and Hemlata increases her average speed by 10 kmph, what would be the difference in their time taken to reach destination?

Explanation

Total distance

= 40 \times 5 = 200\text{ km}

. Hemlata's initial speed

= 200/4 = 50\text{ kmph}

. New speeds: Sheetal

= 50\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/50 = 4\text{ hrs} = 240\text{ min}

. Hemlata

= 60\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/60 = 3\text{ hrs } 20\text{ min} = 200\text{ min}

(or 48 min difference on exact round-off).

دونوں کے وقت کا فرق 48 منٹ (یا 40 منٹ) بنتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

114📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of

4\text{ km/hr}

and returns to Pune at speed of

6\text{ km/hr}

. What is his average speed of the entire journey?

Explanation

Average speed

= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}

.

پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار

2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

115📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr}

. and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Let total distance be

2D

. Time

= \frac{D}{40} + \frac{D}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{120} = 8 \implies 5D = 960 \implies D = 192\text{ km}

. Total distance

= 2D = 384\text{ km}

.

کل سفر کا فاصلہ

2 \times 192 = 384\text{ km}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

116📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Two men start together to walk to a certain destination, one a

3\text{ km/hr}.

and another

3.75\text{ km/hr}

The latter arrives half an hour before the former. The distance is:

Explanation

Let distance be

D

. Difference in time

= \frac{D}{3} - \frac{D}{3.75} = 0.5\text{ hr} \implies \frac{D}{3} - \frac{4D}{15} = 0.5 \implies \frac{D}{15} = 0.5 \implies D = 7.5\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ 7.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

117📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Distance

Two cars with speeds of

20\text{ km/h}

and

16\text{ km/h}

travel in opposite directions toward each-other. They meet each other after 60 minutes. Find the initial distance between the starting points of two cars.

Explanation

Relative speed

= 20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}

. Time

= 60\text{ min} = 1\text{ hour}

. Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}

.

باہمی رفتار =

20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}

۔ فاصلہ =

36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB💰 Finance Department

118📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsKinematics & Projectile Motion

A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a vertical velocity of

98\text{ m/sec}

. It returns to the ground in

Explanation

Total time of flight

T = \frac{2u}{g} = \frac{2 \times 98\text{ m/s}}{9.8\text{ m/s}^2} = 20\text{ seconds}

.

پتھر کے اوپر جا کر واپس زمین پر پہنچنے کا کل وقت T = \frac{2u}{g} = \frac{2 \times 98}{9.8} = 20 سیکنڈ ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

119📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsFriction & Equilibrium

Two horizontal force

F1 = 80\text{ N}

and

F2 = 70\text{ N}

acting on a

20\text{ kg}

block kept on rough horizontal surface, having coefficient of friction

= 0.4

. The magnitude of the net acceleration of the block is

Explanation

Net applied pulling force

= 80\text{ N} - 70\text{ N} = 10\text{ N}

. Limiting static friction force

f_L = \mu m g = 0.4 \times 20 \times 9.8 = 78.4\text{ N}

. Since net applied force (

10\text{ N}

) is far less than limiting friction (

78.4\text{ N}

), the block remains in static equilibrium, so acceleration

= 0\text{ m/s}^2

.

چونکہ خالص افقی قوت (10 نیوٹن) رگڑ کی حد (78.4 نیوٹن) سے کم ہے، اس لیے بلاک حرکت نہیں کرے گا اور اس کا ایکسلریشن

0\text{ m/s}^2

ہوگا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

120📚🛣️ Transportation & Highway EngineeringTraffic Engineering: Speed Measurement

Which of the following devices is used to measure speed of a moving vehicle?

Explanation

A LIDAR gun (Light Detection and Ranging laser speed gun) or Doppler Radar gun is an optical/electronic instrument used by traffic authorities to measure instantaneous vehicle speed.

گاڑی کی رفتار کی فوری پیمائش کے لیے LIDAR گن یا سپیڈ ریڈار کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

121📚🚆 Railway EngineeringCreep of Rails

Creep is a phenomenon of

Explanation

Creep of rails is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails in a railway track in the direction of dominant train traffic.

ریل کے کرپ (Creep) سے مراد ٹریک میں ٹرین کے چلنے کی سمت میں پٹریوں کی طولی نقل و حرکت (Longitudinal movement) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

122📚🏗️ Concrete TechnologyChemical Admixtures for Concrete

Consider the following pairs.
Admixtures | Chemicals
a. Water reducing admixtures | Calcium chloride
b. Air-entraining agent | Neutralized vinsol resin
c. Super plasticizer | Sulphonated melanin
d. Accelerator | Lignosulphonate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Air-entraining agents use Neutralized Vinsol Resin (b is correct), and Superplasticizers use Sulphonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF) (c is correct). Calcium chloride is an accelerator, and lignosulphonates are standard plasticizers.

ایئر اینٹریننگ ایجنٹ (Neutralized vinsol resin) اور سپر پلاسٹیسائزر (Sulphonated melamine) کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ (b اور c)

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

123📚🌱 Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical EngineeringPermeability & Seepage Velocity

A sand sample of

35\text{ cm}^2

cross-sectional area and

20\text{ cm}

long was tested in a constant head permeameter. Under a head of

60\text{ cm}

, the discharge was

120\text{ ml}

in

6\text{ min}

. The dry weight of sand used for the test was

1120\text{ g}

, and

G = 2.68

. Determine the seepage velocity.

Explanation

Discharge velocity

v = \frac{Q}{A \cdot t} = \frac{120\text{ cm}^3}{35\text{ cm}^2 \times 360\text{ s}} = 9.524 \times 10^{-3}\text{ cm/s}

. Total volume

V = 35 \times 20 = 700\text{ cm}^3

.

\gamma_d = 1120/700 = 1.60\text{ g/cm}^3

. Void ratio

e = \frac{G}{\gamma_d} - 1 = \frac{2.68}{1.60} - 1 = 0.675

. Porosity

n = \frac{e}{1+e} = \frac{0.675}{1.675} = 0.403

. Seepage velocity

v_s = \frac{v}{n} = \frac{9.524 \times 10^{-3}}{0.403} \approx 2.36 \times 10^{-2} / 10^{-3}\text{ cm/s}

.

سیپیج ویلوسیٹی کا حساب

v_s = v/n

کے ذریعے لگایا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

124📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSimple Lifting Machines

In a lifting machine, an effort of

500\text{ N}

is to be moved by a distance of

20\text{ m}

to raise a load of

10,000\text{ N}

by a distance of

0.8\text{ m}

. Determine the velocity ratio, and mechanical advantage of the machine respectively.

Explanation

Velocity Ratio

VR = \frac{\text{Distance moved by effort}}{\text{Distance moved by load}} = \frac{20\text{ m}}{0.8\text{ m}} = 25

. Mechanical Advantage

MA = \frac{\text{Load}}{\text{Effort}} = \frac{10000\text{ N}}{500\text{ N}} = 20

. Values: 25 and 20.

ویلوسیٹی ریشو

VR = 20/0.8 = 25

اور مکینیکل ایڈوانٹیج

MA = 10000/500 = 20

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

125📚📐 SurveyingCurvature & Refraction Corrections

A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was

100\text{ m}

. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is

Explanation

Combined correction formula

C_{comb} = -0.0673 D^2\text{ meters}

, where

D

is in kilometres. Here

D = 100\text{ m} = 0.10\text{ km}

.

C_{comb} = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.0673 \times 0.01 = -0.000673\text{ m}

(subtractive).

مشترکہ تصحیح C = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.000673 میٹر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

126📚🏗️ Structural AnalysisApproximate Lateral Load Analysis: Cantilever Method

In the cantilever method of lateral load analysis, which of the following assumptions are made?
(i) The axial force in the beam is zero.
(ii) The intensity of axial stress in each column of a storey is proportional to the horizontal distance of that column from the centre of gravity of all columns of the storey under consideration.
(iii) The total horizontal shear on each storey is divided between the columns of that storey so that each interior column carries twice as much shear as each exterior column.
The correct answer is

Explanation

In the Cantilever Method of approximate lateral frame analysis: 1. A point of inflection occurs at the mid-point of each beam and column, 2. The direct axial stress in a column is proportional to its distance from the centroid of the column group (ii is true), and 3. Axial force in beams is negligible/zero (i is true). Statement (iii) belongs to the Portal method.

کینٹی لیور طریقہ کار میں کالموں کے ایکسیئل تناؤ کا انحصار سینٹرائیڈ سے فاصلے پر ہوتا ہے اور بیم کا ایکسیئل فورس صفر مانا جاتا ہے (i اور ii)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

127📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance

Flangeway clearance is the distance

Explanation

Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.

فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

128📚🏗️ Concrete TechnologyNon-Destructive Testing: UPV

A test is done to assess the quality of concrete by ultrasonic pulse velocity method as per IS: 13311 (Part 1)-1992. The Pulse Velocity by Cross Probing obtained is

4\text{ km/sec}

. Then in which concrete quality grading is it belongs to?

Explanation

According to IS 13311 (Part 1): Pulse Velocity

> 4.5\text{ km/s}

= Excellent,

3.5\text{ km/s}

to

4.5\text{ km/s}

= Good,

3.0\text{ km/s}

to

3.5\text{ km/s}

= Medium/Doubtful, and

< 3.0\text{ km/s}

= Poor. A velocity of

4.0\text{ km/s}

grades as 'Good'.

IS 13311 کے مطابق 4 کلومیٹر فی سیکنڈ پلس ویلوسیٹی کنکریٹ کی 'Good' کوالٹی گریڈنگ میں آتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

129📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsTheory of Simple Bending

Statement I: Fibres in the neutral layer of a beam under simple bending is always stressed.
Statement II: The resultant pull or thrust on a transverse section of the beam under pure bending is zero.
Out of following, which option is correct?

Explanation

Statement I is False because fibers in the neutral layer experience zero bending strain and zero stress (

\sigma = 0

). Statement II is True because in pure bending, the algebraic sum of compressive and tensile normal forces across the cross-section equals zero (

int sigma dA = 0

).

بیان I غلط ہے (نیوٹرل ایکسس پر تناؤ صفر ہوتا ہے) اور بیان II درست ہے (خالص بینڈنگ میں نیٹ تھرسٹ صفر ہوتا ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

130📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsPipe Junctions & Continuity

Consider full flow occurring through the circular water pipe system: A T-junction with main inlet

P

of

\text{dia} = 4\text{ m}

,

V = 7\text{ m/s}

; outlet

Q

of

\text{dia} = 4\text{ m}

,

V = 5\text{ m/s}

; and downward branch

R

of

\text{dia} = 2\text{ m}

,

V = {?}

. Determine velocity in branch pipe 'R'.

Explanation

By continuity of discharge:

Q_P = Q_Q + Q_R \implies A_P V_P = A_Q V_Q + A_R V_R \implies \frac{\pi}{4}(4)^2(7) = \frac{\pi}{4}(4)^2(5) + \frac{\pi}{4}(2)^2(V_R) \implies 16 \times 7 = 16 \times 5 + 4 V_R \implies 112 = 80 + 4 V_R \implies 4 V_R = 32 \implies V_R = 8\text{ m/s}

.

کنٹینیوٹی کے فارمولے سے برانچ پائپ R میں پانی کی رفتار

V_R = 8\text{ m/s}

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

131📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Crossing Angle Numbers

What is the crossing number adopted by Indian Railways for high speeds?

Explanation

Indian Railways adopts 1 in

8\frac{1}{2}

for goods yards/low speeds, 1 in 12 for main lines (up to

50\text{ km/h}

), and 1 in 16 (and 1 in 20) for high-speed turnouts.

تیز رفتار ٹرینوں کے ٹرن آؤٹ کے لیے 1 in 16 (اور 1 in 20) کراسنگ نمبر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

132📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr.}

and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr.}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Harmonic average speed for two equal distance halves

V_{avg} = \frac{2 \times 40 \times 60}{40 + 60} = \frac{4800}{100} = 48\text{ km/h}

. Total Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 48\text{ km/h} \times 8\text{ h} = 384\text{ km}

.

اوسط رفتار = 48 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ کل فاصلہ = 48 \times 8 = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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133📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeBoats and Streams

A boat moving upstream takes 8 hours 48 minutes to cover a distance while it takes 4 hours to return to the starting point, downstream. What is the ratio of the speed of boat in still water to that of water current?

Explanation

Upstream time

t_u = 8\text{ h } 48\text{ min} = 8.8\text{ h} = \frac{44}{5}\text{ h}

. Downstream time

t_d = 4\text{ h}

. Since distance is equal:

(u-v) \times \frac{44}{5} = (u+v) \times 4 \implies 11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 11u - 11v = 5u + 5v \implies 6u = 16v \implies \frac{u}{v} = \frac{16}{6} = \frac{8}{3}

. Ratio is 8:3.

فاصلہ برابر ہونے کی وجہ سے:

11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 6u = 16v \implies u:v = 8:3

ہے۔

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134📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car is running at a speed of

108\text{ km/hr},

what distance will it cover in 15 sec?

Explanation

Speed

= 108\text{ km/h} = 108 \times \frac{5}{18}\text{ m/s} = 30\text{ m/s}

. Distance

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 30\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 450\text{ meters}

.

رفتار =

108 \times \frac{5}{18} = 30\text{ m/s}

۔ فاصلہ = 30 \times 15 = 450 میٹر ہے۔

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135📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions

Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.

Conclusions:
i) The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
ii) It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.

Explanation

Statement directly implies that increasing population and dwindling resources will severely strain public infrastructure and living standards, making conclusion (ii) valid. Conclusion (i) contradicts the statement.

وسائل کی کمی اور بڑھتی آبادی کی وجہ سے حکومتوں کے لیے معیاری زندگی فراہم کرنا مشکل ہوگا (صرف نتیجہ ii فالو کرتا ہے)۔

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136📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Memory: Primary vs Secondary

Which of the following is not a secondary storage device?

Explanation

RAM (Random Access Memory) is primary, volatile, high-speed main working memory, whereas HDD, SSD, and USB flash drives are non-volatile secondary storage devices.

RAM پرائمری اور عارضی میموری ہے، سیکنڈری اسٹوریج ڈیوائس نہیں ہے۔

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137📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

A can complete a task in 6 days, while B can complete the same task in 12 days. How many days will they take to complete the same task if they work together?

Explanation

Combined daily work

= \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} = \frac{2+1}{12} = \frac{3}{12} = \frac{1}{4}

. Time taken together

= 4\text{ days}

.

دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 12}{6 + 12} = \frac{72}{18} = 4 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔

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138📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Architecture: DMA Controller

Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller is a feature within the computer that

Explanation

Direct Memory Access (DMA) enables hardware subsystems to transfer data directly to and from system RAM without routing through the CPU, eliminating CPU bottleneck and speeding up memory operations.

DMA کنٹرولر سی پی یو کی مداخلت کے بغیر ڈیٹا کو براہ راست مین میموری (RAM) میں منتقل کرتا ہے۔

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139📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A boy first goes in South direction, then he turns towards left and travels for some distance. After that he turns right and moves certain distance. At last he turns left and travels again for some distance. Now, in which direction is he moving?

Explanation

Sequence: South → Left (faces East) → Right (faces South) → Left (faces East). He is moving in the East direction.

جنوب کی طرف چل کر بائیں (مشرق)، دائیں (جنوب) اور پھر بائیں مڑنے پر وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف جا رہا ہے۔

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140📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringTheory of Machines: Spur Gears

If a spur gear has 30 teeth and is rotating at 200 rpm with a module of 2 mm, what would be its pitch line velocity in

\text{mm/s}

?

Explanation

Pitch circle diameter

D = m \times T = 2\text{ mm} \times 30 = 60\text{ mm}

. Pitch line velocity

v = \frac{\pi D N}{60} = \frac{\pi \times 60 \times 200}{60} = 200\pi \approx 628.3\text{ mm/s}

.

پچ سرکل قطر D = 2 \times 30 = 60 ملی میٹر۔ پچ لائن کی رفتار v = \frac{\pi \times 60 \times 200}{60} = 628.3 ملی میٹر فی سیکنڈ ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Public Works / Mechanical Engineering Department

141📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringTheory of Machines: Flywheels

The rotational speed of an automobile engine fluctuates between

210\text{ rad/sec}

and

190\text{ rad/sec}

. During a single cycle, there is an observed change in Kinetic Energy of 400 J. What is the mass inertia of the flywheel about its central axis, represented in

\text{kg-m}^2

?

Explanation

Mean angular velocity

\omega_{mean} = \frac{210 + 190}{2} = 200\text{ rad/s}

. Fluctuation of energy

\Delta E = I \omega_{mean} (\omega_1 - \omega_2) \implies 400 = I \times 200 \times (210 - 190) = 4000 I \implies I = \frac{400}{4000} = 0.10\text{ kg}\cdot\text{m}^2

.

فلائی وہیل کا ماس انرشا

I = \frac{\Delta E}{\omega (\omega_1 - \omega_2)} = \frac{400}{200 \times 20} = 0.10\text{ kg-m}^2

ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Public Works / Mechanical Engineering Department

142📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles

What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?

Explanation

The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.

پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

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143📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Strain Hardening & Dislocations

Assertion-Reasoning:
Assertion (A): Plastic deformation in metals and alloys is a permanent deformation under load. It is useful in strengthening the products obtained via cold rolling process.
Reason (R): Plastic or permanent deformation in metal/alloys causes an increase in dislocation density.

Explanation

Both statements are true: Plastic deformation increases dislocation density from

\sim 10^6\text{ cm}^{-2}

to

10^{11}\text{ cm}^{-2}

. Dislocation tangles and pile-ups obstruct further dislocation motion, strengthening the metal via strain/work hardening. Thus, R correctly explains A.

دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور R بیان A کی درست وضاحت ہے کیونکہ پلاسٹک کی خرابی ڈسلوکیشن ڈینسٹی بڑھا کر میٹل کو مضبوط کرتی ہے۔

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144📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Friction & Braking

To stop a car in shortest distance on a horizontal road, one should:

Explanation

Static coefficient of friction

(\mu_s)

is greater than kinetic/sliding coefficient of friction

(\mu_k)

. Applying brakes hard enough to just prevent slipping (impending skidding / threshold braking / ABS) utilizes maximum static friction, yielding the shortest stopping distance.

سب سے کم فاصلے میں کار روکنے کے لیے بریک اس حد تک لگانی چاہیے کہ پہیے پھسلنے سے محفوظ رہیں (تھریش ہولڈ بریکنگ)۔

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145📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Elastic Constants

How is the modulus of rigidity defined?

Explanation

Modulus of Rigidity (Shear Modulus,

G

or

C

) is defined as the ratio of shear stress (

\tau

) to shear strain (

\gamma

) within the elastic limit (

G = \frac{\tau}{\gamma}

).

ماڈیولس آف ریجیڈیٹی (Modulus of Rigidity) لچکدار حد کے اندر شیئر اسٹریس اور شیئر سٹرین کا تناسب ہے۔

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146📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Belt Drives

The velocity ratio of the belt drive is defined as:

Explanation

Velocity ratio (or speed ratio) of a belt drive is defined as the ratio of the rotational speed (RPM) of the driven/follower pulley (

N_2

) to the rotational speed of the driving pulley (

N_1

), i.e.,

VR = \frac{N_2}{N_1} = \frac{d_1}{d_2}

.

بیلٹ ڈرائیو کی ویلوسیٹی ریشو ڈرائیون پللی کی رفتار اور ڈرائیونگ پللی کی رفتار کا تناسب (

N_2 / N_1

) ہوتی ہے۔

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147📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Poisson's Ratio

Which of the following is correct?

Explanation

Poisson's ratio (

\mu

or $
u

) is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal (axial) strain:

\mu = \frac{\text{Lateral strain}}{\text{Longitudinal strain}} \implies \text{Lateral strain} = \mu \times \text{Longitudinal strain}$.

پوائسن کے ریشو کے فارمولے کے مطابق: لیٹرل سٹرین = پوائسن ریشو

\times

لونگیٹیوڈینل سٹرین۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Public Works / Mechanical Engineering Department

148📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIC Engines: Knocking & Detonation

Knocking in a spark ignition engine can be reduced by:
1. Retarding the spark
2. Supercharging
3. Using a fuel of long straight chain structure
4. Increasing the engine speed
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation

In SI engines, knocking is reduced by: 1. Retarding spark timing (reduces peak cylinder pressure/temperature) and 4. Increasing engine speed (reduces time available for end-gas pre-flame autoignition reactions). Supercharging and straight-chain paraffins increase knocking tendency in SI engines.

پیٹرول انجن میں ناکنگ کو کم کرنے کے لیے اسپارک ریٹارڈ کرنا اور انجن کی رفتار بڑھانا (1 اور 4) موثر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Public Works / Mechanical Engineering Department

149📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringAutomobile Engineering: Drive Train & Differential

The device that ensures power is evenly distributed to the wheels while turning in an automobile is the:

Explanation

The Differential gear assembly allows the left and right driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds while turning corners while transmitting equal torque to both drive wheels.

موڑ کاٹتے وقت دونوں پہیوں میں مناسب طاقت اور مختلف رفتار فراہم کرنے والے پرزے کو ڈفرینشل (Differential) کہتے ہیں۔

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150📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

A can do a work in 6 days and B in 9 days. How many days will both take together to complete the work?

Explanation

Combined time

= \frac{A \times B}{A + B} = \frac{6 \times 9}{6 + 9} = \frac{54}{15} = 3.6\text{ days}

.

دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 9}{15} = 3.6 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔

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151📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at

40\text{ km/hr.}

and the rest at

60\text{ km/hr.}

The total distance of the journey is:

Explanation

Let total distance

= D\text{ km}

.

\frac{D/2}{40} + \frac{D/2}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{D}{80} + \frac{D}{120} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{240} = 8 \implies 5D = 1920 \implies D = 384\text{ km}

.

کل طے شدہ فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 240}{5} = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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152📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Cyclic Pairs

A and B can do a work in 12 days. B and C in 15 days. C and A in 20 days. If A, B and C work together they will complete work in

Explanation

1 day's work:

(A+B) = \frac{1}{12}

,

(B+C) = \frac{1}{15}

,

(C+A) = \frac{1}{20}

. Adding all:

2(A+B+C) = \frac{5 + 4 + 3}{60} = \frac{12}{60} = \frac{1}{5} \implies (A+B+C) = \frac{1}{10}

. All three working together complete the work in 10 days.

تینوں مل کر روزانہ کام کا

1/10

حصہ مکمل کریں گے، لہذا کل وقت 10 دن (10 days) لگے گا۔

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153📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeArithmetic Progression & Distance

The speed of a car increases by 2 km after every hour. If the distance travelled in the first one hour was 35 km. What the total distance travelled in 12 hours?

Explanation

Arithmetic Progression with first term

a = 35\text{ km}

, common difference

d = 2\text{ km}

, number of terms

n = 12

. Total distance

S_{12} = \frac{n}{2} [2a + (n-1)d] = 6 [2(35) + 11(2)] = 6 [70 + 22] = 6 \times 92 = 552\text{ km}

.

حسابی سلسلہ (AP): کل فاصلہ S_{12} = 6 \times 92 = 552 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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154📚🌱 Renewable EnergyWind Energy Generation

The power generated in a windmill

Explanation

The theoretical aerodynamic power extractable by a wind turbine blade rotor is directly proportional to the cube of the wind velocity (

P = \frac{1}{2} \rho A v^3

), making wind speed the dominant determining factor.

پون چکی (Windmill) میں پیدا ہونے والی بجلی کا انحصار براہ راست ہوا کی رفتار (Wind velocity کی تیسری پاور) پر ہوتا ہے۔

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155📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Lens Formula

An object is placed 10 cm from a diverging lens which forms an image 6.5 cm from the lens. What is the focal length of the lens?

Explanation

For a diverging (concave) lens: object distance

u = -10\text{ cm}

, virtual image distance

v = -6.5\text{ cm}

. Using lens formula:

\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{-6.5} - \frac{1}{-10} = -\frac{2}{13} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{-20 + 13}{130} = -\frac{7}{130} \implies f = -\frac{130}{7} \approx -18.57\text{ cm} \approx -18.5\text{ cm}

.

لینز فارمولے سے فوکل لمبائی f = -18.5 سینٹی میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔

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156📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length

A man walking at the rate of

5\text{ km/hr}

crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?

Explanation

Speed

v = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}

. Time

t = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}

. Length of bridge

= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}

.

پل کی لمبائی = رفتار

\times

وقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔

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157📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion

A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?

Explanation

Speed in

\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}

. Converting to

\text{km/hr}

:

6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}

.

سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔

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158📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeRatio & Proportions: Train Speeds

The speed of two trains are in the ratio 6: 7. If the second train runs 364 km in 4 hours, then the speed of first train is ?

Explanation

Speed of second train

= \frac{364\text{ km}}{4\text{ hr}} = 91\text{ km/hr}

. Ratio

\frac{S_1}{S_2} = \frac{6}{7} \implies S_1 = 91 \times \frac{6}{7} = 13 \times 6 = 78\text{ km/hr}

.

دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 91 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = 91 \times \frac{6}{7} = 78 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔

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159📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

A can do a piece of work in 4 hours; B and C can do it in 3 hours. A and C can do it in 2 hours. How long will B alone take to do it?

Explanation

A = \frac{1}{4}\text{ /hr}

,

B+C = \frac{1}{3}\text{ /hr}

,

A+C = \frac{1}{2}\text{ /hr}

.

C = (A+C) - A = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{4}\text{ /hr}

.

B = (B+C) - C = \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{12}\text{ /hr}

. Therefore, B alone takes 12 hours.

B اکیلے اس کام کو 12 گھنٹے (12 hours) میں مکمل کرے گا۔

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160📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

If A and B together can complete a piece of work in 15 days and B alone in 20 days, in how many days can A alone complete the work?

Explanation

A = (A+B) - B = \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{20} = \frac{4 - 3}{60} = \frac{1}{60}

. A alone takes 60 days.

A اکیلا اس کام کو 60 دن (60 days) میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔

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161📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Cyclic Pairs

If A and B together can complete a work in 18 days, A and C together in 12 days and B and C together in 9 days, then B alone can do the work in ?

Explanation

2(A+B+C) = \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{9} = \frac{2 + 3 + 4}{36} = \frac{9}{36} = \frac{1}{4} \implies (A+B+C) = \frac{1}{8}

.

B = (A+B+C) - (A+C) = \frac{1}{8} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{3 - 2}{24} = \frac{1}{24}

. B alone completes the work in 24 days.

B اکیلا اس کام کو 24 دن (24 days) میں مکمل کرے گا۔

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162📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras Theorem

From his house, Avinash went to Kapil's house situated 500 m towards the north-east of his own house. From there, both of them went to Varun's house situated 400 m towards the south of Kapil's house. What is the shortest distance between Avinash's current location and his location at the beginning?

Explanation

In right triangle with hypotenuse 500m (NE path) and vertical south leg 400m: By Pythagorean theorem, horizontal base

= \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = \sqrt{250000 - 160000} = \sqrt{90000} = 300\text{ m}

.

مختصر ترین فاصلہ = \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = 300 میٹر ہے۔

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163📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

Rishabh starts walking towards the west. After walking 70 m he turns to the left and walks 35 m straight. He turns left again and walks 30 m, again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 35 m. How far is he from the starting point ?

Explanation

Starts (0,0) → West to (-70, 0) → South to (-70, -35) → East 30m to (-40, -35) → North 35m to (-40, 0). Distance from start

(0,0) = 40\text{ m}

.

ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 70 - 30 = 40 میٹر ہے۔

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164📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions: Fixed Idiomatic Collocations

Choose the appropriate prepositions for the given sentence:
Shital is always ________ a hurry, she drives ________ a tremendous speed.

Explanation

The standard idiomatic prepositional phrases are "in a hurry" and "at a tremendous speed": "Shital is always in a hurry, she drives at a tremendous speed."

درست پریپوزیشنز 'in a hurry' اور 'at a speed' ہیں۔

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165📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras & Vectors

Rihan is facing south. He turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and walks 8 km in the same direction. From there, he again turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and continues walking 6 km in the same direction. How far and in which direction Rihan is, from the starting point?

Explanation

Starting point (0,0) facing South. Turns

90^\circ

anticlockwise → faces East, walks 8 km to (8, 0). Turns

90^\circ

anticlockwise → faces North, walks 6 km to (8, 6). Shortest distance

= \sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{64 + 36} = 10\text{ km}

, Direction = North-East.

ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ =

\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = 10

کلومیٹر اور سمت شمال مشرق (North East) ہے۔

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166📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Delay Problems

With an average speed of

50\text{ km/hr}

a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of

40\text{ km/hr}

it is late by 24 minutes. The total journey is

Explanation

Time difference

= 24\text{ minutes} = \frac{24}{60} = \frac{2}{5}\text{ hours}

.

\frac{D}{40} - \frac{D}{50} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{5D - 4D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies D = 80\text{ km}

.

سفر کا کل فاصلہ D = \frac{2}{5} \times 200 = 80 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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167📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

X, Y and Z complete a work in 6 days. X or Y alone can do the same work in 16 days. In how many days Z alone can finish the same work?

Explanation

X+Y+Z = \frac{1}{6}\text{ /day}

. Since

X = \frac{1}{16}

and

Y = \frac{1}{16}

,

X+Y = \frac{2}{16} = \frac{1}{8}\text{ /day}

.

Z = \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{8} = \frac{4 - 3}{24} = \frac{1}{24}\text{ /day}

. Z alone takes 24 days.

Z اکیلا اس کام کو 24 دن (24 days) میں مکمل کرے گا۔

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168📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Chemical Kinetics & Catalysts

What is the role of positive catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Explanation

A positive catalyst increases the rate/speed of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy (

E_a

).

مثبت کیٹالسٹ (Positive catalyst) کیمیائی رد عمل کی رفتار کو بڑھاتا ہے (Increases rate of reaction)۔

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169📚🗺️ Physical GeographyLatitudes and Longitudes

The distance between the longitude

Explanation

Lines of longitude (meridians) are furthest apart at the Equator (

\approx 111.3\text{ km}

) and gradually converge, with the distance between them decreasing to zero at both the North and South Poles.

خطوط طول البلد کے درمیان فاصلہ قطبین (Poles) کی طرف جاتے ہوئے گھٹتا جاتا ہے۔

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170📚🔬 General ScienceSI Base Units: Length

What is the standard unit of length in the International System of Units?

Explanation

The Metre (m) is the base SI unit of length defined by the distance light travels in vacuum in

1 / 299,792,458

seconds.

بین الاقوامی نظام اکائیات (SI) میں لمبائی کی بنیادی اکائی میٹر (Meter) ہے۔

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171📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance

Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?

Explanation

From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home

(0,0) = 30\text{ km}

.

گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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172📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Relative Speed

Bombay Express left Delhi for Bombay at 14.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 60 km/h and Rajdhani Express left Delhi for Bombay on the same day at 16.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 80 kmph. How far away from Delhi will the two trains meet?

Explanation

Time gap

= 2\text{ hours}

(14:30 to 16:30). Lead distance

= 60 \times 2 = 120\text{ km}

. Relative speed

= 80 - 60 = 20\text{ km/hr}

. Time to catch up

= \frac{120}{20} = 6\text{ hours}

. Distance from Delhi

= 80\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hours} = 480\text{ km}

.

دونوں ٹرینیں دہلی سے 80 \times 6 = 480 کلومیٹر کے فاصلے پر ملیں گی۔

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173📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Cyclic Pairs

A and B can do piece of work in 72 days; B and C can do it in 120 days, A and C can do it in 90 days. In What time can A alone do it?

Explanation

2(A+B+C) = \frac{1}{72} + \frac{1}{120} + \frac{1}{90} = \frac{5 + 3 + 4}{360} = \frac{12}{360} = \frac{1}{30} \implies A+B+C = \frac{1}{60}

.

A = (A+B+C) - (B+C) = \frac{1}{60} - \frac{1}{120} = \frac{2 - 1}{120} = \frac{1}{120}

. A alone completes the work in 120 days.

A اکیلا اس کام کو 120 دن (120 days) میں مکمل کرے گا۔

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174📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeHeights and Distances: Trigonometry

A person standing on the bank of river finds that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower on the opposite bank is

45^\circ

, then which of the following statement is correct?

Explanation

In right triangle formed by tower height

h

and river breadth

d

:

\tan 45^\circ = \frac{h}{d} \implies 1 = \frac{h}{d} \implies h = d

. The breadth of the river and height of the tower are identical.

چونکہ

\tan 45^\circ = 1

ہے، اس لیے دریا کی چوڑائی اور ٹاور کی اونچائی برابر ہیں۔

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175📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeCoordinate Geometry: Intersection of Circles

If two circles

(x - 1)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = r^2

and

x^2 + y^2 + 8x + 2y + 8 = 0

intersect in two distinct points, then

Explanation

Circle 1: Center

C_1(1, 3)

, radius

r_1 = r

. Circle 2: Center

C_2(-4, -1)

, radius

r_2 = \sqrt{16 + 1 - 8} = 3

. Distance between centers

d = \sqrt{(1 - (-4))^2 + (3 - (-1))^2} = \sqrt{25 + 16} = \sqrt{41} \approx 6.4

. For intersection in two distinct points:

|r_1 - r_2| < d < r_1 + r_2 \implies 2 < r < 8

.

دو دائروں کے دو مختلف مقامات پر قطع کرنے کی شرط:

2 < r < 8

ہے۔

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176📚💻 Computer KnowledgeMemory Hierarchy: RAM

What is the purpose of random access memory (RAM) in a computer?

Explanation

RAM is high-speed, volatile primary memory used by the CPU for rapid temporary storage of active programs, operating system components, and ongoing working data.

ریم (RAM) عارضی ڈیٹا اور جاری پروگرام ہدایات کو تیزی سے اسٹور کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

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177📚🔬 Space Science & PhysicsSatellite Launch Trajectories & Orbital Mechanics

Assertion (A): Artificial Satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastwards direction.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Assertion (A) is correct: Satellites are launched eastward to harness Earth's eastward rotational linear speed boost (maximum near the equator). Reason (R) is incorrect because Earth's rotational boost helps attain orbital insertion velocity (~7.8 km/s), NOT escape velocity (11.2 km/s).

دعویٰ (A) درست ہے کہ سیٹلائٹس مشرق کی سمت داغے جاتے ہیں، لیکن وجہ (R) غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مداروی رفتار کے لیے ہوتا ہے نہ کہ فرار کی رفتار (Escape velocity) کے لیے۔

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178📚🌍 Climatology & Physical GeographyMilankovitch Astronomical Climate Cycles

Which of the following was NOT considered by Milankovitch in his mathematical model of climate change?

Explanation

Milankovitch orbital cycles account for three astronomical variations: 1. Eccentricity of orbit (~100,000 yr cycle), 2. Obliquity/Axial tilt (~41,000 yr cycle), and 3. Axial/Orbital Precession (~26,000 yr cycle). Changes in diurnal rotational speed were NOT part of his model.

میلانکووچ نے اپنے آب و ہوا کے ماڈل میں زمین کی گردش کی رفتار کی تبدیلی کو شامل نہیں کیا تھا۔

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179📚🚆 Railways & Transport in J&KUSBRL Project Milestones: Banihal-Qazigund

When was the Banihal-Qazigund section of the railway project inaugurated?

Explanation

The historic 18-km Banihal-Qazigund railway section (featuring the 11.2 km Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel T-80) was officially inaugurated and opened for public train traffic on 26 June 2013.

بانہال-قاضی گنڈ ریلوے ٹریک اور پیر پنجال سرنگ کا افتتاح جون 2013 میں کیا گیا تھا۔

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180📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection and Distance: Pythagoras Theorem

Rehana drives 6 km west from her home and turns left and drives 3 km and then turns left again and drives 10 km. What is the shortest distance between her home and office?

Explanation

Coordinates from Home (0,0):
1. 6 km West to (-6, 0)
2. Turns left (South) 3 km to (-6, -3)
3. Turns left (East) 10 km to (-6 + 10, -3) = (4, -3)
Shortest straight-line distance

= \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}

.

فیثاغورث کے فارمولے سے گھر اور دفتر کا فاصلہ = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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181📚🧮 Quantitative Aptitude & Speed CalculationSpeed, Time and Distance

You are driving at a speed of

72\text{ km/hr}

, how far distance will your vehicle travel in 20 minutes?

Explanation

Time

t = 20\text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} = \frac{1}{3}\text{ hour}

. Distance

d = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72\text{ km/hr} \times \frac{1}{3}\text{ hr} = 24\text{ km}

.

فاصلہ = رفتار

\times

وقت: 72 \times \frac{20}{60} = 24 کلومیٹر۔

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182📚🚗 Road Safety & Traffic ManagementSpeed Limits and Accident Prevention

Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing

Explanation

Calibrating and reducing traffic speed significantly reduces vehicle stopping distance and collision energy, drastically lowering the Number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.

گاڑی کی رفتار کم رکھنے سے سڑک حادثات (Number of crashes) میں نمایاں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔

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183📚🚗 Traffic Rules & Speed RegulationsMoRTH Statutory Speed Limits

Maximum speed of "N" category goods carriage vehicles, on 4 lanes divided carriageway of National Highway roads in India is

Explanation

As per Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) statutory notification, the maximum speed limit for Category N goods vehicles on 4-lane divided National Highways is

80\text{ km/hr}

.

نیشنل ہائی وے پر سامان بردار گاڑیوں (N Category) کی زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کی حد

80\text{ km/hr}

ہے۔

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184📚🗺️ Basic Cartography & Map ReadingComponents of a Map

Among (i) Distance, (ii) Direction, and (iii) Symbol, which are the components of a map?

Explanation

In basic cartography, there are three fundamental essential components of every map: 1. Distance (Scale), 2. Direction (Cardinal orientation / Compass rose), and 3. Symbols (Conventional signs).

نقشے کے تین بنیادی اجزاء فاصلہ، سمت اور علامات (i, ii, iii) سبھی شامل ہیں۔

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185📚🗺️ Map Scales & CalculationsMap Scale Conversions

On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale

1\text{ cm} = 100\text{ meter}

". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then the actual distance between the two locations is

Explanation

Actual distance

= 15\text{ cm} \times 100\text{ meters/cm} = 1500\text{ meters} = 1.5\text{ km}

.

حقیقی فاصلہ = 15 \times 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔

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186📚⚠️ Cautionary / Warning Road SignsCautionary Signs: School Ahead

A triangular warning sign displaying two school children walking with school bags represents:

Explanation

An equilateral triangular warning sign displaying two children carrying bags warns drivers of a School Ahead, requiring reduced speed and heightened caution for school children.

مثلثی شکل میں اسکول کے بچوں کا نشان آگے اسکول (School ahead) ہونے سے خبردار کرتا ہے۔

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187📚🛑 Mandatory Road SignsSpeed Limit Signs

A circular speed sign with the number "50" enclosed in a red circle represents:

Explanation

A circular sign featuring a number inside a red border specifies the Maximum Speed Limit (

50\text{ km/hr}

) permitted on that roadway.

سرخ دائرے میں 50 کا ہندسہ زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کی حد (Maximum speed limit) کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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188📚🚗 Road Safety & Emergency BreakdownHigh-Visibility Safety Garments

If your vehicle has broken down at night, what clothing should be worn to be more visible to traffic?

Explanation

Wearing bright fluorescent retro-reflective high-visibility clothing/vests ensures drivers are easily visible to oncoming headlights from great distances at night.

رات کو گاڑی خراب ہونے پر چمکدار فلورسنٹ یا ریفلیکٹو کپڑے پہننے چاہییں تاکہ دور سے نظر آ سکیں۔

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189📚🚗 Vehicle Dynamics & WeatherTyre-Pavement Friction & Hydroplaning

Driving a four wheeler on a wet road is difficult due to

Explanation

Water on road surfaces forms a thin lubricating liquid film that substantially decreases the coefficient of friction and grip between tyre rubber and pavement, increasing stopping distance and risk of hydroplaning.

گیلی سڑک پر ٹائر اور سڑک کے درمیان رگڑ (Friction) کم ہو جاتی ہے جس سے گاڑی پھسلنے کا خطرہ بڑھ جاتا ہے۔

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190📚🚗 Defensive Driving TechniquesWet Weather Driving

The most preferable driving technique with wet roads is

Explanation

On wet or slippery roads, downshifting to a lower gear and reducing speed allows engine braking and maximizes tyre grip while minimizing reliance on sudden wheel-locking brakes.

گیلی سڑکوں پر محفوظ ترین طریقہ گیئر کم کرنا اور رفتار گھٹانا (Change down gear and reduce speed) ہے۔

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191📚🚗 Vehicle Dynamics & Highway EngineeringSkidding vs Slipping

Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance traveled along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance traveled along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Choose the correct combination:

Explanation

In highway engineering: Skidding occurs when wheels slide without full rotation (path length

>

circumferential rotation); Slipping/Spinning occurs when wheels spin in place on low traction surfaces (path length

<

circumferential rotation). Both statements are true.

اسکیڈنگ اور سلپنگ کے دونوں تکنیکی بیانات 1 اور 2 بالکل درست ہیں۔

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192📚🧮 Physics & Braking KinematicsBraking Distance Calculations

On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other traveling at

20\text{ m/sec}

and

10\text{ m/sec}

towards each other. Both apply brakes decelerating at

5\text{ m/s}^2

. What is the total combined distance covered by both buses before coming to a stop?

Explanation

Stopping distance formula

s = \frac{v^2}{2a}

:
- For Bus 1:

s_1 = \frac{20^2}{2(5)} = \frac{400}{10} = 40\text{ m}

- For Bus 2:

s_2 = \frac{10^2}{2(5)} = \frac{100}{10} = 10\text{ m}

Total combined stopping distance required

= 40 + 10 = 50\text{ meters}

.

دونوں بسوں کا رکنے کے لیے درکار مجموعی فاصلہ = \frac{20^2}{10} + \frac{10^2}{10} = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔

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193📚🚗 Night Driving SafetyLow-Light Driving Precautions

Which of the following is recommended while driving at night on a low-lit street?

Explanation

On poorly illuminated streets at night, drivers should reduce vehicle speed to match stopping sight distance and use properly aligned headlights.

کم روشنی والی سڑک پر آہستہ رفتار میں گاڑی چلانا اور ہیڈ لائٹ کا استعمال کرنا چاہیے۔

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194📚🚗 Motor Vehicle RulesTowing Regulations & Distance Limits

Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is

Explanation

Under Rule 126 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, the towing connection (cable, rope, or tow bar) between the towing vehicle and the towed disabled vehicle shall not exceed 5 meters.

گاڑی کھینچنے والی رسی یا بار کا فاصلہ 5 میٹر (5 meters) سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

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195📚🧮 Physics: Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy of Moving Vehicles

If a 1000 kg vehicle is moving at

10\text{ m/s}

, it has a kinetic energy of

Explanation

Kinetic energy formula

E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 1000\text{ kg} \times (10\text{ m/s})^2 = 500 \times 100 = 50,000\text{ Joules}

.

حرکی توانائی = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 1000 \times 100 = 50,000 جول۔

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196📚🔧 Mechanical Power TransmissionBelt Drives: V-Belts vs Flat Belts

V-belts are most suitable when the center distance between the driving and driven pulleys is

Explanation

V-belts provide high friction wedging action and are optimally engineered for compact drives with Short center distances between pulleys.

وی بیلٹ (V-belts) کم فاصلے والے پلّیوں کے درمیان پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے بہترین ہوتی ہیں۔

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197📚⛽ Automotive Fuels & CombustionFuel Quality Ratings: Cetane vs Octane

The ignition quality and combustion speed of diesel fuel is indicated by its

Explanation

The Cetane Number is the standard measure of the ignition delay and combustion quality of diesel fuel under compression. (Octane number measures anti-knock quality in petrol).

ڈیزل ایندھن کے جلنے کی صلاحیت اور کوالٹی کو سیٹین نمبر (Cetane number) سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

198📚🚗 Vehicle Dimensions & GeometryVehicle Specifications: Wheelbase vs Track Width

The "Wheelbase" of a motor vehicle is defined as the distance between the

Explanation

The Wheelbase of a vehicle is the longitudinal distance measured between the center points of the front and rear wheel axles.

وہیل بیس (Wheelbase) سامنے والے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے ایکسل کے درمیانی فاصلے کو کہتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

199📚🚗 Dashboard InstrumentationOdometers vs Speedometers

Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the total distance traveled by a motor vehicle?

Explanation

An Odometer (mileometer) is an onboard instrument that measures and records the total cumulative distance traveled by a motor vehicle. (A Speedometer indicates instantaneous velocity).

گاڑی کے طے کردہ کل فاصلے کو اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

200📚🧮 Physics: KinematicsLinear Acceleration Formula ($a = \Delta v / \Delta t$)

A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a constant initial velocity of

+10\text{ m/s}

. When a constant force acts for 4 seconds on it, the body moves with a velocity of

2\text{ m/s}

in the opposite direction (

-2\text{ m/s}

). The acceleration produced is:

Explanation

Using kinematics:

u = +10\text{ m/s}

,

v = -2\text{ m/s}

,

t = 4\text{ s}

. Acceleration

a = \frac{v - u}{t} = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = \frac{-12}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2

.

اسراع (Acceleration) کا حساب:

a = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2

۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

201📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProblems on Trains: Speed Conversion

Two trains A and B traveling at constant speeds cross an electric pole in 20 s and 30 s respectively. The length of train A is 240 m and that of train B is 300 m. What is the difference in the speeds of the two trains in km/h?

Explanation

Speed of Train A

= \frac{240\text{ m}}{20\text{ s}} = 12\text{ m/s}

. Speed of Train B

= \frac{300\text{ m}}{30\text{ s}} = 10\text{ m/s}

. Difference

= 12 - 10 = 2\text{ m/s} = 2 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{36}{5} = 7.2\text{ km/h}

.

رفتار کا فرق

= (12 - 10)\text{ m/s} = 2 \times 3.6 = 7.2\text{ km/h}

۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

202📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Shortest Distance

Sandeep walks 15 km North from his home, turns left and walks 6 km, turns left and walks 10 km, and then turns right and walks 4 km to his destination. Find the shortest straight-line distance between his home and the endpoint.

Explanation

Coordinates from origin (0,0):
1. North 15 km to (0, 15)
2. Left (West) 6 km to (-6, 15)
3. Left (South) 10 km to (-6, 5)
4. Right (West) 4 km to (-10, 5)
Shortest distance

= \sqrt{(-10)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{100 + 25} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5}\text{ km}

.

فیثاغورث فارمولے سے فاصلہ = \sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5} کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

203📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Opposite Letter Pairs

In a certain code DISTANCE is written as WRHGZMXV. How is HUMANITY written in that code?

Explanation

Opposite letter pair coding (sum of positions

= 27

):
D-W, I-R, S-H, T-G, A-Z, N-M, C-X, E-V.
For HUMANITY: H → S, U → F, M → N, A → Z, N → M, I → R, T → G, Y → B

\implies

SFNZMRGB.

حروف کے الٹ جوڑوں (Opposite letters) کے مطابق HUMANITY کا کوڈ SFNZMRGB ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

204📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time & Distance: Early-Late Problems

A man rides on a motorbike at

18\text{ km/h}

and reaches his office 6 minutes late. The next day he increases his speed to

27\text{ km/h}

and reaches the office 10 minutes early. How far is the office from his house in km?

Explanation

Total time difference

= 6\text{ min late} - (-10\text{ min early}) = 16\text{ minutes} = \frac{16}{60}\text{ hours}

. Distance

D = \frac{S_1 \times S_2}{|S_1 - S_2|} \times \Delta t = \frac{18 \times 27}{27 - 18} \times \frac{16}{60} = \frac{486}{9} \times \frac{4}{15} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = \frac{216}{15} = 14.4\text{ km}

.

فاصلہ = \frac{18 \times 27}{9} \times \frac{16}{60} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = 14.4 کلومیٹر۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

205📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work

If A and B together can complete a work in 15 days and B alone can complete it in 20 days, in how many days can A alone complete the entire work?

Explanation

Work rate of A alone

= \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{20} = \frac{4 - 3}{60} = \frac{1}{60}

. Thus, A alone will finish the work in 60 days.

A اکیلا اس کام کو \frac{1}{1/15 - 1/20} = 60 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Social Welfare Department

206📚👥 Social Work InterventionsRehabilitation of Beggars and Destitutes

Which approach is considered most constructive and effective for addressing the socioeconomic issue of beggary from a professional social work perspective?

Explanation

Modern social work emphasizes holistic rehabilitation, skill training, shelter homes, and livelihood support (such as the SMILE scheme) rather than penal punitive criminalization.

سماجی بہبود کے مطابق بھکاری پن کا حل پیشہ ورانہ تربیت اور بحالی کے پروگرام (Vocational training & rehabilitation) فراہم کرنا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Social Welfare Department

207📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Typing Rates

A and B work together to type a 134-page assignment. A types 65 pages in 5 hours, and B types 84 pages in 7 hours. If both start together and A leaves after 2 hours, how many hours will B take to complete the remaining pages alone?

Explanation

Typing speeds:

R_A = \frac{65}{5} = 13\text{ pages/hr}

,

R_B = \frac{84}{7} = 12\text{ pages/hr}

. In the first 2 hours, together they type

(13 + 12) \times 2 = 50\text{ pages}

. Remaining pages

= 134 - 50 = 84\text{ pages}

. Time for B alone

= \frac{84}{12} = 7\text{ hours}

.

باقی صفحات ٹائپ کرنے میں B کو درکار وقت = \frac{84}{12} = 7 گھنٹے ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

208📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection & Displacement

Ravi walks 10 km East, turns right and walks 5 km South, turns right and walks 10 km West, and finally turns left and walks 10 km South. What is the shortest distance from his current position to his home?

Explanation

Coordinates: From (0,0) → East 10 km (10, 0) → South 5 km (10, -5) → West 10 km (0, -5) → South 10 km (0, -15). Shortest distance from home (0,0) to final point (0, -15) is exactly 15 km.

گھر سے آخری مقام کا سیدھا فاصلہ 5 + 10 = 15 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

209📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A cyclist travels from A to B at 30 km/h for the first 1/3rd of the distance. Due to mechanical issues, speed drops to 20 km/h for the remaining 2/3rd distance. If total trip takes 8 hours, what is total distance between A and B?

Explanation

Let total distance be

D

. Time taken:

T = \frac{D/3}{30} + \frac{2D/3}{20} = \frac{D}{90} + \frac{D}{30} = \frac{4D}{90} = 8\text{ hours} \implies D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

210📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

Mohan has to reach Bangalore (500 km away) at 5:30 pm, starting at 7:30 am. He travels the first 200 km at

50\text{ km/hr}

and the next 3 hours at

60\text{ km/hr}

. At what speed must he travel the remaining distance to arrive on time?

Explanation

Total time

= 10\text{ hours}

. Time for first 200 km

= 200 / 50 = 4\text{ hours}

. Next 3 hours at 60 km/hr covers

3 \times 60 = 180\text{ km}

. Distance covered

= 380\text{ km}

in 7 hours. Remaining distance

= 120\text{ km}

in 3 hours. Required speed

= 120 / 3 = 40\text{ km/hr}

.

باقی 120 کلومیٹر 3 گھنٹوں میں طے کرنے کے لیے مطلوبہ رفتار

= \frac{120}{3} = 40\text{ km/hr}

ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

211📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Alternate Days

Abhijit can build a house alone in 16 days, and Vijay alone in 12 days. If they work on alternate days starting with Abhijit on the first day, in how many days will the house be built?

Explanation

Total work

= \text{LCM}(16, 12) = 48\text{ units}

. Rates: Abhijit

= 3\text{ u/day}

, Vijay

= 4\text{ u/day}

. In a 2-day cycle, work done

= 7\text{ units}

. In 6 cycles (12 days), work

= 42\text{ units}

. Day 13 (Abhijit) does 3 units (total 45). Remaining 3 units done by Vijay on Day 14 in

\frac{3}{4}

day. Total time

= 13\frac{3}{4}\text{ days}

.

متبادل دنوں میں کام مکمل ہونے کی کل مدت = 13\frac{3}{4} دن ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

212📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudePipes and Cisterns

Pipes P and Q can fill a tank in 20 and 10 minutes respectively, while pipe R can empty it in

x

minutes. When all three open together, the tank fills in 12 minutes. Find

x

.

Explanation

\frac{1}{20} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{x} = \frac{1}{12} \implies \frac{3}{20} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{x} \implies \frac{9 - 5}{60} = \frac{4}{60} = \frac{1}{15} \implies x = 15\text{ minutes}

.

پائپ R ٹینک کو 15 منٹ میں خالی کر سکتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

213📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Multi-Person Rate

Ram can complete a work in 12 days working 7 hours/day. Shyam can complete the same work in 8 days working 9 hours/day. If Ram and Shyam work together for 7 hours/day, in how many days will they complete the work?

Explanation

Total hours needed: Ram

= 12 \times 7 = 84\text{ hrs}

, Shyam

= 8 \times 9 = 72\text{ hrs}

.
Hourly work rate combined

= \frac{1}{84} + \frac{1}{72} = \frac{6 + 7}{504} = \frac{13}{504}

.
Daily work rate (at 7 hrs/day)

= 7 \times \frac{13}{504} = \frac{13}{72}

.
Total days required

= \frac{72}{13}\text{ days}

.

مل کر کام مکمل کرنے کے دن = \frac{72}{13} دن ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

214📚🧮 GeometryProperties of Equilateral Triangles & Centroid

In an equilateral triangle ABC with side

16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}

, P is the centroid. What is the perpendicular distance of centroid P from side BC?

Explanation

Altitude of equilateral triangle:

h = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ cm}

.
The distance from centroid P to any base side is the inradius:

r = \frac{h}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8\text{ cm}

.

سینٹرائیڈ کا فاصلہ = \frac{ارتفاع}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

215📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance

A and B travel the same distance at speeds of 9 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. If A takes 11 minutes longer than B, what is the distance travelled by each?

Explanation

Let distance be

D

. Difference in time

= 11\text{ minutes} = \frac{11}{60}\text{ hours}

.

\frac{D}{9} - \frac{D}{12} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{4D - 3D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = \frac{396}{60} = 6.6\text{ km}

.

کل فاصلہ D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = 6.6 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

216📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeFractional Distance Breakdown

Aamir travelled 1800 km by air, which constituted

3/5th

of his total journey. He travelled

1/3rd

of the whole trip by car, and the remaining distance by train. How many kilometers did he travel by train?

Explanation

Total trip distance

= \frac{1800}{3/5} = 1800 \times \frac{5}{3} = 3000\text{ km}

.
Distance by Car

= \frac{1}{3} \times 3000 = 1000\text{ km}

.
Distance by Train

= 3000 - (1800 + 1000) = 3000 - 2800 = 200\text{ km}

.

ٹرین کے ذریعے طے شدہ فاصلہ = 3000 - 2800 = 200 کلومیٹر ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

217📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Efficiency Ratio

A is thrice as efficient a workman as B, and takes 10 days less than B to finish a piece of work. If B alone takes 15 days, how many days will A alone take to finish the work?

Explanation

Let B take

3x

days, then A takes

x

days. Time difference:

3x - x = 2x = 10 \implies x = 5\text{ days}

. Thus A takes 5 days (and B takes 15 days).

A اکیلا اس کام کو 5 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

218📚General Economics & Indian EconomyEmployment, Skill Development & Human Resource

Which initiative plays the most crucial role in boosting employment opportunities in India?

Explanation

The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM), launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, creates vocational training infrastructure and industry-aligned skills to directly boost youth employability across India.

राष्ट्रीय कौशल विकास मिशन (National Skills Development Mission) युवाओं को रोजगारपरक प्रशिक्षण देकर देश में रोजगार के अवसर बढ़ाने में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

219📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance

A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 300 m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. The thief and the policeman run at the rate of

10\text{ km/h}

and

11\text{ km/h}

, respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 mins?

Explanation

Relative speed of the policeman with respect to the thief:

v_{\text{rel}} = 11 - 10 = 1\text{ km/h} = 1 \times \frac{1000\text{ m}}{60\text{ min}} = \frac{50}{3}\text{ m/min}

Distance gained by policeman in 6 minutes:

d_{\text{gained}} = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100\text{ metres}

Distance remaining between them after 6 minutes:

d_{\text{remaining}} = 300 - 100 = 200\text{ metres}.

सापेक्ष गति = 11 - 10 = 1 किमी/घंटा = \frac{50}{3} मीटर/मिनट।
6 मिनट में तय की गई अतिरिक्त दूरी = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100 मीटर।
6 मिनट बाद दोनों के बीच शेष दूरी = 300 - 100 = 200 मीटर।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

220📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance

A train increases its normal speed by 12.5% and reaches its destination 20 minutes earlier. What is the actual (normal) time taken by the train on the journey?

Explanation

Increase in speed

= 12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}

.
New speed

= S \left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right) = \frac{9}{8}S

.
Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed:

\text{New time } T' = \frac{8}{9}T

Time saved

= T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20\text{ minutes}

T = 9 \times 20 = 180\text{ minutes} = 3\text{ hours}.

गति में

12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}

की वृद्धि

\implies

नई गति

= \frac{9}{8}

मूल गति।
नया समय

= \frac{8}{9}

मूल समय।
बचाया गया समय = T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20 मिनट \implies T = 180 मिनट = 3 घंटे।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

221📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTime and Work

Manisha takes twice as much time as Usha to complete a work and Ravi does it in the same time as Manisha and Usha together. If all three working together can finish the work in 7 days, then the time taken by Manisha to finish the work is:

Explanation

Let Usha's time be

x

days

\implies

Manisha's time

= 2x

days.
Combined 1-day work of Manisha and Usha:

\frac{1}{2x} + \frac{1}{x} = \frac{3}{2x}

Ravi's 1-day work is equal to Manisha + Usha together

= \frac{3}{2x}

.
All three together in 1 day:

\frac{3}{2x} + \frac{3}{2x} = \frac{6}{2x} = \frac{3}{x} = \frac{1}{7} \implies x = 21\text{ days}

Time taken by Manisha

= 2x = 2 \times 21 = 42\text{ days}

.

उषा का समय

= x

, मनीषा का समय

= 2x

।
मनीषा + उषा का 1 दिन का काम

= \frac{1}{2x} + \frac{1}{x} = \frac{3}{2x}

(रवि का भी काम)।
तीनों का 1 दिन का कुल काम

= \frac{3}{2x} + \frac{3}{2x} = \frac{3}{x} = \frac{1}{7} \implies x = 21

मनीषा द्वारा लिया गया समय = 2x = 42 दिन।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

222📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsHeights and Distances & Trigonometry

The top of a 15-metre high tower makes an angle of depression of

60^\circ

with the bottom of an electric pole and an angle of depression of

30^\circ

with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?

Explanation

Let the height of the tower be

H = 15\text{ m}

, height of the pole be

h

, and horizontal distance between them be

d

.
From the bottom of the pole:

\tan 60^\circ = \frac{15}{d} \implies \sqrt{3} = \frac{15}{d} \implies d = \frac{15}{\sqrt{3}} = 5\sqrt{3}\text{ m}

From the top of the pole to top of tower:

\tan 30^\circ = \frac{15 - h}{d} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}

15 - h = 5 \implies h = 15 - 5 = 10\text{ metres}.

मीनार की ऊंचाई = 15 मी।

\tan 60

^\circ =

\frac{15}{d}

\implies d = 5

\sqrt{3}

मी।

\tan 30

^\circ =

\frac{15 - h}{d}

\implies

\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}

} =

\frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}

}

\implies 15 - h = 5

\implies h = 10

मीटर।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

223📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsE-Governance & Digital Applications

A mobile application launched by the Union Government to provide speedy redressal of consumer grievances is:

Explanation

The 'Smart Consumer App' was launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs to empower consumers to scan product barcodes, verify MRP/standards, and directly register grievances with the National Consumer Helpline.

उपभोक्ता मामलों के विभाग द्वारा उपभोक्ता शिकायतों के त्वरित निवारण और उत्पाद सत्यापन के लिए 'Smart Consumer App' लॉन्च किया गया।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

224📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTrains & Speed, Time, Distance

A train of 100 meters in length crosses a flyover 500 meters in length at a speed of 90 km/h. How long does it take to cross the flyover?

Explanation

Total distance to cover = Length of Train + Length of Flyover =

100 + 500 = 600\text{ m}

.
Speed of train =

90\text{ km/h} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}

.

\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}} = \frac{600}{25} = 24\text{ seconds}.

कुल दूरी = ट्रेन की लंबाई + फ्लाईओवर की लंबाई = 100 + 500 = 600 मीटर।
गति = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 मीटर/सेकंड।
समय = \frac{600}{25} = 24 सेकंड।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

225📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTime and Work

If 10 workers can complete a task in 18 days. If the same work is done by 5 workers for 10 days, how many more days would be required by 13 workers to finish the task?

Explanation

Total work =

10 \times 18 = 180\text{ man-days}

.
Work done by 5 workers in 10 days =

5 \times 10 = 50\text{ man-days}

.
Work remaining =

180 - 50 = 130\text{ man-days}

.
Days required by 13 workers =

\frac{130}{13} = 10\text{ days}

.

कुल काम

= 10 \times 18 = 180

मैन-डेज।
5 मजदूरों द्वारा 10 दिन में किया गया काम

= 50

मैन-डेज।
शेष काम

= 180 - 50 = 130

मैन-डेज।
13 मजदूरों द्वारा लिया गया समय

= \frac{130}{13} = 10

दिन।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

226📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsMensuration & Area

An elderly person runs on a rectangular ground daily for 20 minutes at the rate of 2.4 km per hour. He finishes 10 rounds of the rectangular ground. If the length is three times the breadth of the rectangle, find the area of the rectangle.

Explanation

Speed

= 2.4\text{ km/h} = 2400\text{ m} / 60\text{ min} = 40\text{ m/min}

.
Total distance in 20 min

= 40 \times 20 = 800\text{ m}

.
10 rounds

= 800\text{ m} \implies

Perimeter of ground

= 80\text{ m}

.
Perimeter

= 2(L + B) = 80 \implies L + B = 40

.
Given

L = 3B \implies 3B + B = 40 \implies 4B = 40 \implies B = 10\text{ m}, L = 30\text{ m}

.
Area of rectangle

= L \times B = 30 \times 10 = 300\text{ m}^2

(standard close option 240/300 m²).

गति

= 40

मी/मिनट

\implies 20

मिनट में कुल दूरी

= 800

मीटर।
10 चक्कर

= 800

मी

\implies

परिमाप

= 80

मीटर।
2(3B + B) = 80 \implies B = 10 मी, L = 30 मी।
क्षेत्रफल = 30 \times 10 = 300 मी^2।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

227📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test

A person walks 25 meters north, then 12 meters east, and finally 9 meters south. What is the shortest distance to return to the starting point?

Explanation

Net displacement coordinates from origin

(0, 0)

:
- North-South:

25 - 9 = 16\text{ m North}

- East-West:

12\text{ m East}

Shortest distance

d = \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{256 + 144} = \sqrt{400} = 20\text{ meters}

.
To return to origin, one must travel South-West (20 meters).

शुद्ध विस्थापन: उत्तर =

25 - 9 = 16

मी, पूर्व =

12

मी।
न्यूनतम दूरी

= \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{400} = 20

मीटर।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

228📚General English & ComprehensionTenses & Sequence of Tenses

Fill in the blank with a suitable verb in the below sentence.
By the time he arrived, the train _____ already.

Explanation

In past time clauses with 'By the time + past simple (arrived)', the earlier completed action takes the past perfect tense: 'had already left'.

'By the time' के साथ भूतकाल में पहले समाप्त हुई क्रिया के लिए Past Perfect Tense 'had left' का प्रयोग होता है।

2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments

229📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersWAIS-IV Index Structure

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) includes which of the following subscales?
1. Verbal Comprehension Index
2. Working Memory Index
3. Auditory Processing Index
4. Processing Speed Index

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

WAIS-IV indexes include VCI (1), WMI (2), and PSI (4) alongside PRI. Auditory processing index is not a WAIS index. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

WAIS-IV में VCI (1), WMI (2) और PSI (4) शामिल हैं। अतः केवल 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

230📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersStress Inoculation Training (SIT)

Arrange the following phases of stress inoculation training in the correct order:
1. Application and follow-through
2. Conceptual-educational
3. Skills acquisition and consolidation

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) by Donald Meichenbaum consists of three distinct phases: Phase 1: Conceptual-educational phase (2) -> Phase 2: Skills acquisition and consolidation (3) -> Phase 3: Application and follow-through (1). Sequence: 2 -> 3 -> 1.

स्ट्रेस इनोक्यूलेशन ट्रेनिंग (SIT) के 3 चरण: अवधारणात्मक-शैक्षिक चरण (2) → कौशल अर्जन एवं सुदृढ़ीकरण (3) → अनुप्रयोग और अनुवर्ती कार्रवाई (1)। सही क्रम: 2 -> 3 -> 1।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

231📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Attention Batteries (d2 & SDMT)

Select neuropsychological tests that were developed to measure attention from the codes given below:
1. WISC
2. WMS
3. d2 Test
4. SDMT
5. COWA

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

The d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT, Smith) are premier standardized neuropsychological tests specifically designed to measure sustained attention, selective attention, and visual scanning speed. (WISC is general intelligence, WMS is memory, and COWA measures verbal fluency). Thus, 3 and 4 only are correct.

d2 टेस्ट ऑफ अटेंशन (3) और सिंबल डिजिट मोडैलिटीज टेस्ट (SDMT - 4) विशेष रूप से ध्यान और एकाग्रता मापने के लिए विकसित तंत्रिका-मनोवैज्ञानिक परीक्षण हैं। अतः 3 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

232📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPalliative Care & Behavioral Medicine

What is the role of behavioral medicine in the care of terminally ill patients?
1. Diagnosing and treating acute medical conditions
2. Enhancing quality of life through psychosocial and behavioral interventions
3. Providing cognitive training for memory improvement
4. Supporting family members and caregivers

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

In palliative and terminal end-of-life care, behavioral medicine focuses on optimizing pain relief and quality of life through psychosocial coping (2) and providing emotional and bereavement support to caregivers and families (4). Hence, Only 2 and 4 are correct.

असाध्य रूप से बीमार (Terminally ill) रोगियों की देखभाल में व्यवहार चिकित्सा का मुख्य कार्य मनोसामाजिक हस्तक्षेपों द्वारा जीवन की गुणवत्ता में सुधार करना (2) और परिवार के सदस्यों तथा देखभालकर्ताओं को भावनात्मक संबल प्रदान करना (4) है। अतः केवल 2 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

233📚General English & ComprehensionHomophones & Vocabulary

Fill in the blank using suitable homophones:
Despite the _____ remarks made by the coach, the athlete continued to train hard and developed a _____ on her hand by gripping the weights.

Explanation

'Callous' (adjective) means insensitive, unfeeling, or harsh. 'Callus' (noun) means a thickened and hardened part of the skin caused by friction.

'Callous' (कठोर/असंवेदनशील) टिप्पणी और हाथ पर 'callus' (घट्टा/कड़ा चमड़ा)। सही विकल्प 'callous, callus' है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

234📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationEarth Resistance Measurement

When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).

अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

235📚Domestic & Industrial Electrical AppliancesFuzzy Logic in Modern Appliances

What is the primary function of the Fuzzy Inference Unit (FIU) in a fuzzy controller used in a washing machine?

Explanation

The Fuzzy Inference Unit (FIU) processes fuzzified input sensor variables (such as load weight, fabric type, dirt level) by evaluating IF-THEN linguistic fuzzy rules to determine optimal wash duration, water level, and spin speed.

फजी इंफरेंस यूनिट (FIU) इनपुट स्थितियों के आधार पर निर्णय लेने के लिए फजी लॉजिक नियमों (IF-THEN rules) को लागू करती है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

236📚Electromagnetic Induction & AC CircuitsEddy Currents & Applications

Which of the following is NOT a practical application of eddy currents?

Explanation

Induction furnaces, eddy current train brakes, and drag-cup speedometers directly rely on eddy currents. Creating airtight mechanical seals on containers is a mechanical process.

भंवर धाराएं (Eddy currents) इंडक्शन फर्नेस, ऑटोमोबाइल स्पीडोमीटर और ट्रेन ब्रेकिंग में उपयोगी हैं। कंटेनर सीलिंग यांत्रिक प्रक्रिया है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

237📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryPotential Gradient & Field Theory

What is a voltage gradient?

Explanation

Voltage gradient (or potential gradient) refers to the rate of voltage change/reduction per unit distance across a dielectric medium or resistive conductor path (

dV/dx

).

वोल्टेज प्रवणता (Voltage gradient) दूरी के सापेक्ष वोल्टेज में होने वाली कमी/परिवर्तन की दर (

dV/dx

) है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

238📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Armature Current & Voltage Drop

A generator has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω. When rotated at rated speed, it produces 120V at no load and 115V under full load. What is the current in the armature coil?

Explanation

Armature voltage drop

I_a R_a = E_0 - V_{\text{terminal}} = 120 - 115 = 5\text{ V}

.

I_a = \frac{5\text{ V}}{0.5\ \Omega} = 10\text{ A}.

आर्मेचर वोल्टेज ड्रॉप

= 120 - 115 = 5

V।
आर्मेचर धारा

I_a = \frac{5}{0.5} = 10

A।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

239📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)DC vs AC Motors

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the preference of a DC motor over an AC motor?
1. DC motors are widely used in industrial applications requiring precise speed and torque control.
2. DC motors respond quickly to starting, stopping, and reversing operations, making them suitable for applications needing rapid transitions.
3. DC motors are compatible with the DC energy stored in batteries, making them an ideal choice for electric vehicles.
4. DC motor ceiling fans use more energy than a standard AC fan.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because Brushless DC (BLDC) motor ceiling fans consume ~50-65% LESS energy (28W-35W) than standard induction motor AC fans (75W). Thus, 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 3 सत्य हैं। कथन 4 असत्य है क्योंकि BLDC (DC) पंखे पारंपरिक AC पंखों की तुलना में काफी कम बिजली की खपत करते हैं। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

240📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)DC Motor Characteristics & Applications

Explanation

Matching: i) DC Shunt Motor = constant speed machine tool drives (2); ii) DC Series Motor = heavy traction/hoists/cranes (3); iii) Cumulative Compound Motor = rolling mills/punch presses (1). Code: i-2, ii-3, iii-1.

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-1।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

241📚Synchronous Machines (Alternators)Types of Alternators

Explanation

Matching: i) Two-phase = 90° electrical displacement (2); ii) Three-phase = 120° displacement (4); iii) Brushless = shaft-mounted main alternator with AC exciter & rotating diode rectifier (1); iv) Turbo alternator = high-speed non-salient cylindrical rotor (1500-3000 RPM) driven by steam turbines (3). Code: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

242📚Induction Motors (3-Phase & Single-Phase)Induction Motor Operating Principle

Which of the following statements about a 3-phase induction motor is TRUE?

Explanation

An induction motor relies on relative slip speed between the stator RMF and rotor. If the rotor were to reach synchronous speed (

N = N_s

), relative motion would be zero, no magnetic flux would be cut, no rotor EMF/current would be induced, and torque would drop to zero.

तुल्यकालिक गति पर रोटर और स्टेटर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के बीच सापेक्ष गति शून्य हो जाती है, जिससे रोटर में कोई प्रेरित EMF और टॉर्क उत्पन्न नहीं होता।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

243📚Induction Motors (3-Phase & Single-Phase)Operating Modes of Induction Motor

Explanation

Matching: i) Motoring Mode =

0 < N < N_s

(

0 < s < 1

) (3); ii) Generating Mode =

N > N_s

(

s < 0

) driven by prime mover (1); iii) Braking / Plugging Mode = phase sequence swapped, rotor driven against field (

s > 1

) (2). Code: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-1, iii-2।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

244📚Induction Motors (3-Phase & Single-Phase)Rotor Frequency & Slip Speed

A 3-phase, 60 Hz induction motor has 6 poles and operates with a slip of 3% at a certain load. Determine the frequency of the rotor current and rotor speed.

Explanation

Synchronous speed

N_s = \frac{120 f}{P} = \frac{120 \times 60}{6} = 1200\text{ RPM}

.
- Slip

s = 0.03

- Rotor current frequency

f_r = s \cdot f = 0.03 \times 60 = 1.8\text{ Hz}

- Rotor actual speed

N = N_s (1 - s) = 1200 \times (1 - 0.03) = 1200 \times 0.97 = 1164\text{ RPM}

.

तुल्यकालिक गति

N_s = \frac{120 \times 60}{6} = 1200

RPM।
रोटर आवृत्ति

f_r = 0.03 \times 60 = 1.8

Hz।
रोटर गति

N = 1200 \times 0.97 = 1164

RPM।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

245📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLDatabase Keys & Constraints

Explanation

Matching: i) Primary Key uniquely identifies a row (1); ii) Foreign Key enforces referential integrity between relations (2); iii) Candidate Key is a minimal superkey capable of being selected as primary key (3); iv) Composite Key consists of two or more attributes (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

246📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLDatabase Indexing Pros & Cons

Which of the following are advantages of indexing in a database?
1. Improves query performance
2. Reduces storage requirements
3. Increases the speed of updates and inserts
4. Enables faster retrieval of rows

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Indexing speeds up SELECT query performance (1) and accelerates row retrieval (4). However, indexes consume additional disk storage space and slow down INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations because the index tree must be updated.

इंडेक्सिंग से क्वेरी का प्रदर्शन बेहतर होता है (1) और डेटा तेजी से प्राप्त होता है (4)। यह अतिरिक्त मेमोरी लेता है और इन्सर्ट/अपडेट को धीमा करता है। अतः 1 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

247📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLForeign Key Constraints & Referential Integrity

Which of the following statements about foreign keys are true?
1. A foreign key can have duplicate values
2. A foreign key must refer to a primary key in another table
3. A foreign key ensures referential integrity
4. A foreign key value cannot be NULL

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true. Statement 4 is false because foreign key attributes CAN accept NULL values (unless explicitly declared with `NOT NULL`), indicating an optional relationship.

कथन 1, 2 और 3 सत्य हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि फॉरेन की में NULL मान स्वीकार्य होते हैं (जब तक `NOT NULL` न लगाया जाए)।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

248📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KSufi Poetry & Shrukhs

Which of the following are the poetic messages of wisdom generally sung without music and dance:

Explanation

Shrukhs are mystical spiritual quatrains composed by Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali (Nund Rishi) in Kashmiri, recited as profound words of wisdom without musical accompaniment.

शेख नूरुद्दीन वली (नंद ऋषि) द्वारा रचित सूफी पद 'श्रुख' (Shrukh) आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान के छंद हैं जो बिना वाद्य और नृत्य के गाए जाते हैं।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

249📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyLaya & Rhythm Concepts

What is the movement of progression or beats in a rhythmic cycle?

Explanation

Laya is the uniform speed, tempo, or continuous movement of progression between successive beats in a rhythmic cycle.

लय (Laya) ताल चक्र में मात्राओं के बीच की गति या निरंतर चाल को कहते हैं।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

250📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyLorentz Force & Electron Deflection

A Beam of electrons is travelling in a straight line. If an external magnetic field is introduced perpendicular to the direction of travel of electrons, the electron will _____?

Explanation

According to the Lorentz Force Law (

\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})

), a magnetic field perpendicular to an electron's velocity exerts a magnetic deflecting force perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field lines (causing circular or curved trajectory without changing speed).

लॉरेंट्ज़ बल नियम (

\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})

) के अनुसार, चुंबकीय क्षेत्र इलेक्ट्रॉन को उसके प्रारंभिक वेग और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र दोनों के लंबवत विक्षेपित करता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

251📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsHDR Brachytherapy Unit Safety Standards

In compliance with the NRC regulations, the leakage radiation levels outside the HDR unit:

Explanation

Under NRC / IAEA radiation safety regulations for High Dose Rate (HDR) remote afterloader brachytherapy units with the source in the shielded home storage position, radiation leakage must not exceed 1 mR/h at a distance of 10 cm from the surface.

NRC नियमों के अनुसार HDR यूनिट के शील्डेड अवस्था में होने पर सतह से 10 cm की दूरी पर लीकेज विकिरण 1 mR/h से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

252📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsOxygen Diffusion & Tumor Hypoxia

The distance to which oxygen can diffuse in tumour cells:

Explanation

Oxygen diffusion in tumor tissue is limited to approximately 70 to 100 micrometers from functional capillaries (Thomlinson & Gray model); beyond this diffusion radius, cells become chronically hypoxic and necrotic.

ट्यूमर कोशिकाओं में ऑक्सीजन की विसरण दूरी केशिका से लगभग 70 माइक्रोमीटर (

70\ \mu\text{m}

) होती है, जिसके आगे क्रोनिक हाइपोक्सिया और नेक्रोसिस होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

253📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsICRP Occupational Radiation Limits

What is the maximum exposure that ICRP allows to occupational workers per year?

Explanation

ICRP Publication 103 allows an occupational effective dose limit of 20 mSv/year averaged over defined 5-year periods, subject to a maximum constraint of 50 mSv in any single year.

ICRP के अनुसार किसी एक वर्ष में व्यावसायिक कार्यकर्ता के लिए अधिकतम अनुमेय सीमा 50 mSv है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

254📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsPatient Radiation Dose Reduction

The single most effective method of reducing patient somatic exposure when taking radiograph is to use:

Explanation

Using high-speed image receptors (such as Fast E-speed / F-speed film or digital flat-panel detectors) dramatically reduces the required mAs and exposure time, offering the single largest reduction in patient radiation dose.

रेडियोग्राफ लेते समय रोगी के डोज़ को कम करने का सबसे प्रभावी तरीका 'स्पीड E फिल्म' (Speed E film / Fast Receptors) का उपयोग करना है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

255📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyUltrasound Propagation Velocity

Speed of ultrasound depends upon:

Explanation

The speed of ultrasound propagation (

c = \sqrt{B/\rho}

) is determined exclusively by the acoustic properties of the propagation medium (bulk modulus elasticity and density), independent of wave frequency or amplitude.

अल्ट्रासाउंड की गति (

c = \sqrt{B/\rho}

) केवल माध्यम (Medium) के घनत्व और लोच पर निर्भर करती है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

256📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyAcoustic Impedance Formula

Acoustic impedance is defined as:

Explanation

Specific acoustic impedance (

Z

) is defined as the product of the physical density of the medium (

\rho

) and the speed of sound propagation in that medium (

c

):

Z = \rho \cdot c

(measured in Rayls).

ध्वनिक प्रतिबाधा (Acoustic impedance) माध्यम के घनत्व (

\rho

) और ध्वनि की गति (

c

) का गुणनफल होती है:

Z = \rho c

।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

257📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyUltrasound Pulse-Echo Distance Formula

Bone thickness is equal to:

Explanation

In pulse-echo ultrasound, sound travels to the reflecting bone interface and back (two-way transit time

\Delta t

). The one-way anatomical thickness is

d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}

.

पल्स-इको अल्ट्रासाउंड में परावर्तन समय

\Delta t

के लिए दूरी का सूत्र

d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}

होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

258📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyUltrasound Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

In ultrasound a 4 MHz transducer has a useful range of 10cm. What is the maximum pulse repetition frequency of this transducer?

Explanation

Speed of sound in soft tissue

c = 1540\text{ m/s} = 154,000\text{ cm/s}

.
Round-trip transit distance for depth

d = 10\text{ cm}

is

2d = 20\text{ cm}

.
Time required per pulse

\Delta t = \frac{20\text{ cm}}{154,000\text{ cm/s}} \approx 1.2987 \times 10^{-4}\text{ s}

.

\text{Maximum PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = \frac{154000}{20} = 7700\text{ Hz} = 7.7\text{ kHz}.

10 सेमी गहराई के लिए 2-तरफा दूरी 20 सेमी है। समय

\Delta t = \frac{20}{154000} = 1.3 \times 10^{-4}

सेकंड। अधिकतम

\text{PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = 7.7\text{ kHz}

।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

259📚Medical Ethics & Patient CareData Ethics & Bias in Healthcare

In data ethics, What is the primary concern related to data bias:

Explanation

Data bias in clinical models and algorithms arises primarily from poor data representativeness (systematic underrepresentation or skew in training demographic cohorts).

डेटा नैतिकता में डेटा पूर्वाग्रह (Data bias) की मुख्य चिंता 'डेटा प्रतिनिधित्व' (Data representativeness) की कमी से संबंधित है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

260📚Radiotherapy Treatment Planning & TechniquesTissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) Parameters

Tissue-Maximum ratio (TMR) depends on:

Explanation

Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) is defined as the ratio of dose at a given depth in phantom to dose at

d_{\max}

at the same point in space. It depends strictly on Beam Energy, Depth (

d

), and Field Size (

r_d

), and is completely independent of distance (SAD/SSD).

टिशू-मैक्सिमम रेशियो (TMR) केवल बीम ऊर्जा (Energy), गहराई (Depth) और फील्ड साइज पर निर्भर करता है और दूरी (SAD/SSD) से स्वतंत्र होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

261📚Radiotherapy Treatment Planning & TechniquesTissue-Air Ratio (TAR) Properties

TAR is:

Explanation

Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR): 1) At

d_{\max}

,

\text{TAR}(d_{\max}, r) = \text{BSF}

; 2) Is independent of source distance (SAD); 3) Is standardly used in rotational / isocentric treatment time calculations (All of the above).

टिशू-एयर रेशियो (TAR)

d_{\max}

पर BSF के बराबर होता है, SAD से स्वतंत्र होता है, और रोटेशनल थेरेपी की गणना में प्रयुक्त होता है (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

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