Hydroelectric Projects & Infrastructure of J&K

1📚🧾 AccountsCulture

Consider the following statements regarding Kud dance:

1. Kud dance is performed to honour the gods Lok Devtas' as a thanks giving ritual.
2. It is practiced on festive occasions like Eid and Ramzan days are going.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct. Kud is a traditional thanksgiving folk dance performed in Jammu's hilly areas to honor the Lok Devtas (local deities). Statement 2 is incorrect as it is performed during rainy nights and after harvesting, not on Eid/Ramzan.

پہلا بیان درست ہے کیونکہ کُد رقص جموں کے پہاڑی علاقوں میں مقامی دیوتاؤں (Lok Devtas) کے اعزاز میں شکرانے کے طور پر کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ رقص عید یا رمضان کے موقع پر نہیں کیا جاتا۔

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2📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Which of the places is known as the "Gateway to the Kashmir valley"?

Explanation

Banihal (also Qazigund) is known as the 'Gateway to Kashmir Valley' because it connects Jammu with Srinagar through the Banihal pass. Since it is not in the options, 'None of the above' is correct.

بانہال (Banihal) کو وادی کشمیر کا گیٹ وے کہا جاتا ہے۔ چونکہ یہ اختیارات میں شامل نہیں ہے، اس لیے 'None of the above' صحیح ہے۔

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3📚🧾 AccountsDemography

The population growth rate means:

Explanation

The population growth rate is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases, which is fundamentally calculated as the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

آبادی کی شرح نمو (population growth rate) سے مراد شرح پیدائش (birth rate) اور شرح اموات (death rate) کے درمیان فرق ہے۔

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4📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

In which tourist place is the Kolahoi glacier located?

Explanation

Kolahoi Glacier is a valley glacier located in the northwestern Himalayan Range, approximately 26 km north of Pahalgam.

کولاہوئی گلیشیئر (Kolahoi glacier) جموں و کشمیر کے مشہور سیاحتی مقام پہلگام (Pahalgam) کے قریب واقع ہے۔

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5📚🧾 AccountsHeritage

Consider the following statements regarding Ajanta Caves:

- a. Ajanta caves were tagged as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1983.
- b. Currently, these caves are taken care of by the Archaeological Survey of India.
- c. The caves are believed to be made in Gupta period and Vakataka period.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All statements are correct. Ajanta Caves became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983, are preserved by the ASI, and were excavated during the Vakataka and Gupta periods.

تمام بیانات درست ہیں۔ اجنتا غاروں کو 1983 میں یونیسکو نے عالمی ثقافتی ورثہ قرار دیا، ان کی نگہداشت ASI کرتا ہے اور یہ گپتا اور واکاٹکا دور میں بنی تھیں۔

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6📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Consider the following pairs of dams and the states they are located in:

- a. Sardar Sarovar Dam: 3. Gujarat
- b. Bhavani Sagar Dam: 4. Tamil Nadu
- c. Koyna Dam: 2. Maharashtra
- d. Tehri Dam: 1. Uttarakhand

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Sardar Sarovar in Gujarat (a-3), Bhavani Sagar in Tamil Nadu (b-4), Koyna in Maharashtra (c-2), and Tehri in Uttarakhand (d-1). This corresponds to: a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: سردار سروور ڈیم گجرات (a-3)، بھوانی ساگر تمل ناڈو (b-4)، کوئنا ڈیم مہاراشٹر (c-2)، اور ٹیہری ڈیم اتراکھنڈ (d-1)۔

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7📚📜 HistoryHistory

Consider the following pairs of historical terms and entities of Jammu and Kashmir:

- a. Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 4. Gulab Singh
- b. Dar-Ul-Aman (written as Dar-Ul-Alam): 1. Maharaja Ranjit Dev
- c. Mian Deedo: 2. Rebellion Group Head
- d. Treaty of Lahore: 3. 1846

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Maharaja Gulab Singh founded the Dogra Dynasty (a-4); Jammu was named 'Dar-ul-Aman' during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Dev due to religious peace (b-1); Mian Deedo was a rebel leader against Sikh rule in Jammu (c-2); and the Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (d-3).

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے ڈوگرہ خاندان کی بنیاد رکھی (a-4)؛ مہاراجہ رنجیت دیو کے دور میں جموں کو دارالامن کہا گیا (b-1)؛ میاں دیدو جموں کے باغی لیڈر تھے (c-2)؛ اور لاہور کا معاہدہ 1846 میں ہوا (d-3)۔

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8📚🧾 AccountsCost Accounting

Fixed cost is a cost:

Explanation

Fixed costs are those expenses that remain constant in total amount over a specific range of activity/output during a given period, regardless of volume changes.

مستقل لاگت (Fixed cost) وہ لاگت ہے جو پیداوار کی مقدار تبدیل ہونے کے باوجود کل رقم میں تبدیل نہیں ہوتی (جیسے کرایہ، تنخواہیں)۔

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9📚🧾 AccountsCost Accounting

Calculate the Prime Cost from the following information:

- Direct material purchased: Rs. 1,00,000
- Direct material consumed: Rs. 90,000
- Direct labour: Rs. 60,000
- Direct expenses: Rs. 20,000
- Manufacturing overheads: Rs. 30,000

Explanation

Prime Cost is the sum of direct costs: Prime Cost = Direct Materials Consumed + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses = Rs. 90,000 + Rs. 60,000 + Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 1,70,000. (Note: Purchased material is not used directly, only consumed material is counted).

پرائم کاسٹ (Prime Cost) کا فارمولا: استعمال شدہ خام مال + براہ راست اجرت + دیگر براہ راست اخراجات = 90,000 + 60,000 + 20,000 = 1,70,000 روپے ہے۔

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10📚🧾 AccountsAccounting Equation

Which of the following is correct?

Explanation

The fundamental accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital (Owner's Equity). This represents the balance sheet structure.

بنیادی اکاؤنٹنگ مساوات ہے: اثاثے (Assets) = واجبات (Liabilities) + ایکویٹی / سرمایہ (Equity)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔

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11📚🧾 AccountsTaxation (GST)

Which of the following is/are included in the definition of "Goods" as defined under section 2(52) of the CGST Act, 2017?

Explanation

Section 2(52) of the CGST Act, 2017 defines 'goods' to exclude money and securities but specifically includes actionable claims, growing crops, grass, etc.

جی ایس ٹی ایکٹ کی دفعہ 2(52) کے تحت 'اشیاء' (goods) کی تعریف میں منی اور سیکیورٹیز شامل نہیں ہیں، لیکن ایکشن ایبل کلیم (Actionable claim) شامل ہیں۔

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12📚🧾 AccountsCost Accounting

From the following information, find out the number of units that must be sold by the firm to earn a profit of Rs. 1,80,000 per year:

- Sales price: Rs. 25 per unit
- Variable manufacturing costs: Rs. 12 per unit
- Variable selling costs: Rs. 3 per unit
- Fixed factory overheads: Rs. 5,00,000
- Fixed selling costs: Rs. 3,00,000

Explanation

Contribution per unit = Selling Price - Total Variable Cost = 25 - (12 + 3) = Rs. 10. Total Fixed Cost = 5,00,000 + 3,00,000 = Rs. 8,00,000. Required Sales Units = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution per unit = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 9,80,000 / 10 = 98,000 units.

فی یونٹ کنٹریبیوشن = 25 - (12+3) = 10۔ کل فکسڈ لاگت = 8,00,000۔ مطلوبہ یونٹس = (فکسڈ لاگت + منافع) / کنٹریبیوشن = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 98,000 یونٹس۔

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13📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement

Rearrange the following jumbled phrases into a meaningful sentence:

- 1. Are tree from (free from)
- 2. Grow abundantly
- 3. Low plants
- 4. Tundra region
- 5. During the short summer
- 6. Like mosses and clinches (lichens)
- 7. And
- 8. Ice

Explanation

Option B (4, 1, 8, 5, 7, 3, 6, 2) forms the correct sentence: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'

صحیح ترتیب آپشن B ہے: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'

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14📚📊 EconomicsEconomics

What is Gross Domestic Product?

Explanation

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific time period (usually annually).

مجموعی ملکی پیداوار (GDP) سے مراد ایک مخصوص مدت (عام طور پر ایک سال) میں ملک کی حدود کے اندر پیدا ہونے والی تمام حتمی اشیاء اور خدمات کی مالیاتی قدر ہے۔

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15📚📊 EconomicsEconomics

Which is NOT one of the four main factors of production?

Explanation

The four classical factors of production are Land, Labour, Capital, and Entrepreneurship. Manufacturing is a production process/sector, not a fundamental factor of production.

پیداوار کے چار اہم عوامل: زمین، محنت (Labour)، سرمایہ (Capital) اور تنظیم ہیں۔ مینوفیکچرنگ (Manufacturing) ان عوامل میں شامل نہیں ہے۔

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16📚💻 ComputerSecurity

Which of the following is an antivirus?

Explanation

Norton is a widely used commercial antivirus software utility. Trojan Horse, Worms, and Macro Virus are types of malware.

نورٹن (Norton) ایک اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر ہے، جبکہ ٹروجن ہارس اور ورمز وغیرہ نقصان دہ وائرس اور مالویئر ہیں۔

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17📚💻 ComputerSecurity

The digital signature service that has been launched on the Aadhaar platform is called:

Explanation

eSign Desk (or eSign) is an online electronic signature service in India launched to facilitate Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents.

آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر مبنی آن لائن ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای-سائن ڈیسک (eSign Desk) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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18📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Science

The prime work of investigating officer is based on which of the following principle?

Explanation

Locard's Principle of Exchange states that 'every contact leaves a trace', which forms the fundamental basis of crime scene investigation.

لوکارڈ کا تبادلے کا اصول (Locard's Principle of Exchange) کہتا ہے کہ 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے'، جو کرائم سین کی تفتیش کی بنیادی بنیاد ہے۔

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19📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Mark the proper sequence of tasks to be completed in a crime scene.

i. Packaging of physical evidence
ii. Securing the scene
iii. Collecting physical evidence
iv. Recognizing physical evidence

Explanation

The correct sequence is: first secure the scene (ii), then recognize/identify evidence (iv), then collect the evidence (iii), and finally package it (i).

صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے جرم کی جگہ کو محفوظ کرنا (ii)، پھر ثبوتوں کی شناخت کرنا (iv)، پھر ثبوت اکٹھے کرنا (iii)، اور آخر میں پیک کرنا (i)۔

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20📚🔢 MathStatistics

Which of the following are Non sampling statistical errors?

i. Coverage error
ii. Non-response error
iii. Response error

Explanation

Non-sampling errors are errors that occur during data collection processes other than active sampling. Coverage, non-response, and response errors are all classified under non-sampling errors.

نان سیمپلنگ غلطیاں (Non sampling errors) وہ ہوتی ہیں جو نمونے کے علاوہ ڈیٹا جمع کرنے کے عمل میں پیدا ہوتی ہیں۔ ان میں کوریج، نان رسپانس، اور رسپانس کی غلطیاں تینوں شامل ہیں۔

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21📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

The Standard of Length is based on

Explanation

Since 1983, the meter has been defined internationally as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. This is based on the speed of light.

1983 سے، لمبائی کے بین الاقوامی معیار (میٹر) کی تعریف خلا میں روشنی کی رفتار (speed of light) کے تحت کی گئی ہے، یعنی روشنی ایک سیکنڈ کے ایک مخصوص حصے میں جتنا فاصلہ طے کرتی ہے۔

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22📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFootprints

A footprint classification system is required for filing the footprints of

i. New born babies
ii. Military airmen
iii. People lacking arms

Explanation

Footprint classification systems are used for filing records of newborn babies (hospital security), military airmen (for identification after plane crashes/burns), and individuals lacking arms (who cannot provide fingerprints).

فٹ پرنٹ کی درجہ بندی کا نظام نوزائیدہ بچوں، فوجی ہوابازوں (حادثات میں شناخت کے لیے)، اور بغیر بازوؤں والے افراد (جن کے فنگر پرنٹ نہیں لیے جا سکتے) کی ریکارڈ فائلنگ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔

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23📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFootprints

Which of the following materials can be used for casting footprint impressions in snow

i. Molten wax
ii. Plaster of Paris solution
iii. Molten Sulphur.

Explanation

Molten sulfur and molten wax can be used to cast impressions in snow because they solidify rapidly without generating excessive heat that would melt the details. Plaster of Paris solution is water-based and generates heat during its setting process, which would melt the snow and destroy the print detail.

برف پر پاؤں کے نشانات کی کاسٹنگ کے لیے پگھلا ہوا گندھک (Molten Sulphur) اور پگھلی ہوئی موم (Molten wax) استعمال کی جاتی ہے کیونکہ یہ برف کو پگھلائے بغیر تیزی سے جم جاتی ہیں۔ پلاسٹر آف پیرس حرارت پیدا کر کے برف پگھلا دیتا ہے۔

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24📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGait Analysis

In scientific study of gait pattern, which of the following characteristics are noted?

i. Dimensions of Mark
ii. Pressure points
iii. Pressure defects

Explanation

A scientific analysis of a gait pattern involves checking the dimensions of the prints, the specific pressure points of the foot during stride, and any pressure defects (uneven weight distribution or gait abnormalities).

چال کی رفتار اور انداز (gait pattern) کے سائنسی مطالعے میں پاؤں کے نشان کا سائز (dimensions)، دباؤ کے مقامات (pressure points)، اور چال کی خرابیاں یا نقائص (pressure defects) سبھی نوٹ کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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25📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass

Match the following:

List-I (Element)
i. Arsenic
ii. Cobalt
iii. Chromium
iv. Titanium

List-II (Effect on Glass)
a. Air Bubble removal
b. Blue colour
c. Decolourisation
d. Green Colour

Explanation

The matching is: Arsenic is used for air bubble removal (i-a); Cobalt imparts a blue color (ii-b); Chromium imparts a green color (iii-d); Titanium is used for decolorisation (iv-c).

صحیح جوڑ: آرسینک (Arsenic) -> ہوا کے بلبلوں کا خاتمہ (i-a)؛ کوبالٹ -> نیلا رنگ (ii-b)؛ کرومیم -> ہرا رنگ (iii-d)؛ ٹائٹینیم -> رنگ کا اڑنا یا ڈی کلرائزیشن (iv-c)۔

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26📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFirearms

Which of the following statements are true for Breech face?

i. It is the area surrounding the firing pin hole.
ii. It seals the barrel from chamber side.
iii. It comes in close contact with the base of the cartridge.

Explanation

The breech face is the portion of the bolt or breech block that seals the rear of the chamber, surrounds the firing pin hole, and directly supports the base of the cartridge case during firing.

بریچ فیس (Breech face) وہ حصہ ہے جو فائرنگ پن کے سوراخ کے گرد ہوتا ہے، چیمبر کی طرف سے نالی کو بند کرتا ہے اور فائرنگ کے وقت کارٹریج کی بنیاد (base) سے جوڑتا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں سچ ہیں۔

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27📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFirearms

Backward movement of firearm during firing is termed as

Explanation

Recoil is the rearward movement of a firearm caused by Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction) when the bullet is projected forward.

فائرنگ کے وقت بندوق کا پیچھے کی طرف جھٹکا لینا یا حرکت کرنا ریکوائل (Recoil) کہلاتا ہے۔

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28📚🔬 Forensic ScienceExternal Ballistics

The tendency of a projectile to suck backward to fill up the vacuum is called as

Explanation

Base drag is the aerodynamic drag caused by the low pressure/vacuum area formed behind the flat base of a moving bullet, which pulls it backward.

گولی کے پیچھے پیدا ہونے والے ویکیوم یا کم دباؤ کے باعث پیچھے کی طرف کھنچنے کے عمل کو بیس ڈریگ (Base drag) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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29📚🔬 Forensic ScienceWound Ballistics

Scorching is also known as

i. Singeing
ii. Burning
iii. Charring

Explanation

Scorching (the thermal damage caused by muzzle flash gases) is also referred to as singeing (specifically for hair) or burning/charring (for fibers and tissue).

شعلے کی گرمی سے بال اور کپڑے جھلسنے (scorching) کو جھلسنا (singeing)، جلنا (burning)، اور کوئلہ بننا (charring) تینوں ناموں سے پکارا جاتا ہے۔

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30📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Science

Which of the following is called "Locard's Principle of Exchange"?

Explanation

Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace', which forms the fundamental basis of trace evidence and crime scene investigation.

لوکارڈ کا تبادلے کا اصول (Locard's Exchange Principle) کہتا ہے کہ 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے'، جو کرائم سین کی تفتیش اور ٹریس شواہد کی بنیادی بنیاد ہے۔

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31📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:

i. Packaging of evidence
ii. Collection of evidence
iii. Securing the crime scene
iv. Sketching and videography of the crime scene

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?

Explanation

The standard sequence of crime scene processing is: first securing the scene (iii), documenting via sketching and photography (iv), collecting evidence (ii), and then packaging it (i).

کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا (iii)، خاکہ سازی اور فوٹوگرافی (iv)، شواہد جمع کرنا (ii)، اور پھر ان کی پیکیجنگ کرنا (i)۔

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32📚⚗️ ChemistryArson Investigation

While investigating an arson crime scene, what can indicate the possible area of origin of the fire?

Explanation

The area of origin in a fire scene typically exhibits the longest exposure to fire, resulting in the maximum amount of charring and structural damage.

آتش زدگی کی جگہ پر آگ لگنے کا اصل مرکز (origin) وہ ہوتا ہے جہاں آگ سب سے زیادہ دیر رہی ہو اور وہاں سب سے زیادہ نقصان (maximum damage) پہنچا ہو۔

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33📚⚖️ LawLegal Terms

Who can order a body for exhumation in India?

Explanation

In India, under Section 176 of the CrPC, only an Executive Magistrate has the authority to order the exhumation of a buried body for forensic investigation.

بھارت میں ضابطہ فوجداری (CrPC) کی دفعہ 176 کے تحت دفن شدہ لاش کو تفتیش کے لیے باہر نکالنے (Exhumation) کا حکم صرف ایک مجسٹریٹ (Magistrate) دے سکتا ہے۔

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34📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Which of the following is an example of trace evidence found on a crime scene?

Explanation

Trace evidence refers to microscopic physical evidence transferred during a crime, such as fibers, hair, soil, or glass fragments.

ٹریس شواہد (Trace evidence) سے مراد انتہائی چھوٹے یا خوردبینی شواہد ہیں، جیسے کہ کوئی دھاگہ یا ریشہ (Fiber) جو جائے وقوعہ پر پایا جائے۔

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35📚🧬 BiologyPhysical Evidence

Consider the following pairs:

i. Fingerprints - Striations in marks
ii. Toolmarks - Minutiae patterns
iii. Footwear - Wear damage to sole
iv. Handwriting- Hiatus

Which of the physical evidence is correctly matched with their individual characteristics?

Explanation

Footwear sole wear/damage (iii) and a hiatus in handwriting (iv) are individual characteristics. Minutiae are for fingerprints, and striations are for toolmarks/bullets.

جوتے کے تلوے کا گھساؤ (iii) اور تحریر میں ہیاٹس یا وقفہ (iv) انفرادی خصوصیات ہیں۔ فنگر پرنٹ میں منوشیا پیٹرن ہوتے ہیں اور ٹول مارکس میں لکیریں (striations)۔

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36📚🧬 BiologyUrine Detection

DMAC assay is a presumptive assay for body fluid detection. What does it detect?

Explanation

The DMAC (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) assay reacts with urea, which is present in high concentrations in urine, to produce a pink/red color.

ڈی ایم اے سی (DMAC) ٹیسٹ پیشاب میں موجود یوریا (Urea) کی شناخت کرنے والا ایک ابتدائی فارنسک ٹیسٹ ہے۔

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37📚⚗️ ChemistryImmunoassays

Arrange the steps of immunoprecipitation in the right order:

i. Elution
ii. Binding of antigen and antibody
iii. Immobilisation of primary antibody on a matrix

Explanation

The correct sequence for immunoprecipitation is: first immobilizing the antibody on a solid support (iii), then binding the antigen/target (ii), and finally eluting the purified antigen (i).

امیونوپریسیپیٹیشن (Immunoprecipitation) کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے اینٹی باڈی کو میٹرکس پر مستحکم کرنا (iii)، پھر اینٹی جن کا بائنڈ ہونا (ii)، اور آخر میں مطلوبہ پروٹین کو الگ کرنا یا ایلیوشن (i)۔

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38📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Medicine

What stage marks the beginning of putrefaction during decomposition in a terrestrial environment?

Explanation

The bloated stage is characterized by the accumulation of gases produced by anaerobic bacteria during putrefaction, marking its overt beginning.

لاش کے گلنے سڑنے کے دوران گیسوں کے جمع ہونے سے پیدا ہونے والا سوزش کا مرحلہ (Bloated stage) تعفن یا سڑن (putrefaction) کے باقاعدہ آغاز کی نشاندہی کرتا ہے۔

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39📚🧬 BiologyDrowning

During autopsy of a body found in a lake, diatoms were found in the bone marrow. Which of the following assumptions is most valid?

Explanation

Diatoms entering the bone marrow requires active circulation, proving that the victim aspirated water containing diatoms while still alive.

ہڈی کے گودے میں ڈائیٹمز ملنے سے ثابت ہوتا ہے کہ پانی سانس کے ذریعے جسم میں تب گیا تھا جب مقتول زندہ تھا (active circulation)، یعنی یہ ڈوبنے کی تصدیق کرتا ہے۔

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40📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Botany

During processing of pollen samples from soil, what is the chemical used to remove silica?

Explanation

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used in palynology to dissolve silicate minerals and release pollen grains from soil/sediment samples.

مٹی سے پولن (pollen) کے نمونے الگ کرنے کے عمل میں، مٹی میں موجود سلیکا (silica) کو گھولنے کے لیے ہائیڈروفلورک ایسڈ (HF) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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41📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Entomology

Adult flies are

Explanation

Adult blowflies are positively phototropic (attracted to light) and are active during daylight hours.

بالغ مکھیاں روشنی کی طرف راغب ہوتی ہیں یعنی وہ مثبت فوٹوٹروپک (Positively phototropic) خصوصیات کی حامل ہوتی ہیں۔

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42📚🧬 BiologySerology

A prozone effect during a precipitation reaction is observed when

Explanation

The prozone effect is a false negative result observed in antigen-antibody reactions due to antibody excess.

پروزون اثر (Prozone effect) تب ظاہر ہوتا ہے جب محلول میں اینٹی باڈی کی مقدار اینٹی جن کے مقابلے میں بہت زیادہ (excessive) ہو۔

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43📚🧬 BiologyWildlife Protection

A wildlife poacher is interested in illegal trade of tiger skin. What method of poaching will he prefer?

Explanation

Poachers targeting tiger skins prefer legtraps (jaw traps) because they are silent and do not damage the pelt with bullet holes, ensuring maximum market value.

ٹائیگر کی کھال کا غیر قانونی دھندا کرنے والے شکاری پھندوں یا لیگ ٹریپس (Legtraps) کا استعمال پسند کرتے ہیں، کیونکہ گولی چلانے سے کھال خراب ہو جاتی ہے اور آواز بھی ہوتی ہے۔

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44📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology

During dental comparison, it was found that in the antemortem findings, tooth number 16 was intact, whereas in the postmortem examination, the same tooth was missing. This is reported as

Explanation

A tooth present antemortem but missing postmortem is an explainable inconsistency because teeth can be lost postmortem due to decay, extraction, or trauma during or after death.

اگر موت سے پہلے دانت موجود تھا اور موت کے بعد غائب ملا، تو یہ ایک ایسی تبدیلی ہے جس کی وضاحت کی جا سکتی ہے (Explainable inconsistency)، کیونکہ دانت بعد میں گر سکتا ہے یا ٹوٹ سکتا ہے۔

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45📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology

Which statement pertaining to defensive bitemarks is TRUE?

i. Show a well-defined pattern
ii. Are usually singular
iii. Show tearing of skin
iv. Are most often seen in postmortem bitemarks

Explanation

Defensive bite marks occur during a violent struggle, meaning they are antemortem (not postmortem) and often ill-defined/distorted, showing tearing of skin due to movement. Only statement iii is correct.

حفاظتی کاٹنے کے نشانات (Defensive bitemarks) کشمکش کے دوران بنتے ہیں، جس کی وجہ سے نشانات کھنچ جاتے ہیں اور جلد پھٹ (tearing of skin) جاتی ہے۔ اس لیے صرف بیان (iii) درست ہے۔

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46📚⚗️ ChemistryNucleic Acids

Consider the following statements:

i. The sugar molecule in RNA is ribose
ii. The purine bases in RNA are cytosine and uracil
iii. RNA molecule is a single-stranded molecule.

Which of the statements are true?

Explanation

Statements i (ribose sugar) and iii (single-stranded) are true. Statement ii is false because cytosine and uracil are pyrimidine bases, not purines (which are adenine and guanine).

پہلا اور تیسرا بیان درست ہے: آر این اے میں رائبوز شوگر ہوتی ہے (i) اور یہ عام طور پر سنگل اسٹینڈرڈ ہوتا ہے (iii)۔ دوسرا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ سائٹوسین اور یوراسل پائریمیڈین ہیں، پیورین نہیں س۔

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47📚🧬 BiologySaliva Analysis

What cells detected during microscopic examination would indicate the presence of saliva?

Explanation

The presence of buccal squamous epithelial cells (shed from the inner lining of the cheek) during microscopic exam points to saliva.

لعاب دہن (saliva) کی خوردبینی جانچ کے دوران منہ کے گال کی جھلی سے جھڑے ہوئے خلیات یعنی بکل اسکواومس خلیات (Buccal squamous epithelial cells) پائے جاتے ہیں۔

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48📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

What is not the responsibility of an First Responder?

Explanation

The first responder's priority is life safety (first aid), securing the scene, and arresting suspects if present. Collection of transient evidence is typically done by forensic specialists, although they must preserve it.

فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا بنیادی کام زخمیوں کو طبی امداد دینا، ملزم کو پکڑنا اور جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا ہے۔ شواہد کو اکٹھا کرنا (Collection) فارنسک ٹیم کا کام ہے، فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا نہیں۔

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49📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

The document meant at the crime scene to keep a record of entry and exit of personnels is known as

Explanation

The Crime Scene Security Log (or Crime Scene Log) records the names and times of arrival and departure of all personnel entering or exiting the secured perimeter.

جائے وقوعہ پر آنے اور جانے والے تمام افسران اور افراد کا ریکارڈ رکھنے والی دستاویز کو کرائم سین لاگ (Crime Scene Log) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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50📚⚗️ ChemistryExplosives

What are the fundamental features of an explosive?

Explanation

The absolute defining chemical features of an explosion are the rapid conversion of a solid or liquid into gaseous products with a simultaneous massive release of heat and pressure energy.

کسی دھماکہ خیز مواد کی سب سے بنیادی خصوصیت یہ ہے کہ وہ بہت تیزی سے گیس بناتا ہے اور اس کے ساتھ ہی بے پناہ توانائی اور حرارت خارج کرتا ہے۔

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51📚⚗️ ChemistryToxicology

Urine testing kit for the exposure to drugs is based on principle of

Explanation

Commercial rapid urine drug test kits utilize lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (Immunoassays) to detect drugs or their metabolites.

پیشاب میں منشیات کی فوری جانچ کے لیے استعمال ہونے والی کٹس ایمیونوایسے (Immunoassay) کے سائنسی اصول پر کام کرتی ہیں۔

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52📚⚗️ ChemistryMedical Jurisprudence

Apoplexy is the term used for

Explanation

Historically in forensic MCQ banks, apoplexy refers to cerebral congestion or hemorrhage causing sudden loss of consciousness.

فارنسک ایم سی کیو کے مطابق، اپوپلیسی (Apoplexy) کا لفظ روایتی طور پر دماغ میں خون کے جماؤ یا دماغی بھیڑ (Cerebral congestion) کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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53📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Security

Which of the following explains the nature of Cookies?

Explanation

In standard computer network contexts, cookies are described as transient (temporary) because session cookies expire when the browser is closed, and even persistent cookies have a set expiration time.

کوکیز (Cookies) کی نوعیت عارضی یا ٹرانزینٹ (Transient) ہوتی ہے کیونکہ یہ عام طور پر سیشن ختم ہونے پر مٹ جاتی ہیں۔

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54📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Security

Which of the following is a Boolean cookie attribute?

Explanation

'Secure' is a Boolean attribute (flag) for cookies. When set, it restricts the transmission of the cookie to secure (HTTPS) connections only.

سیکیور (Secure) کوکی کا ایک بولین (Boolean) وصف ہے؛ اگر یہ لاگو ہو تو کوکی صرف سیکیور کنکشن (HTTPS) پر ہی بھیجی جائے گی۔

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55📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsVPN Protocols

Which of the following is not a VPN protocol?

Explanation

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) is an older encapsulation protocol for serial ports, not a Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocol. PPTP, L2F, and IPSec are VPN tunneling protocols.

سلپ (SLIP) ایک پرانا لنک لیئر پروٹوکول ہے اور یہ وی پی این (VPN) پروٹوکول نہیں ہے، جبکہ باقی تمام وی پی این پروٹوکول ہیں۔

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56📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCryptographic Protocols

Typically, _____ can receive application data from any application layer protocol, but the protocol is normally HTTP.

Explanation

Both SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) reside at the transport/session layer and can secure any application-layer protocol, although HTTP is the most common use case (resulting in HTTPS).

ایس ایس ایل (SSL) اور ٹی ایل ایس (TLS) دونوں ہی کسی بھی ایپلی کیشن لیئر پروٹوکول سے ڈیٹا حاصل کر سکتے ہیں، حالانکہ عام طور پر یہ ایچ ٹی ٹی پی (HTTP) ہوتا ہے۔

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57📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsEmail Security

One security protocol for the e-mail system is

Explanation

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is an email encryption protocol that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication. SSL/TLS are general transport protocols, and IPSec operates at the network layer.

ای میل سیکیورٹی کے لیے پی جی پی (Pretty Good Privacy) پروٹوکول کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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58📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsInformation Security

Message _____ means that the data must arrive at the receiver exactly as sent.

Explanation

Message integrity ensures that the transmitted data remains unaltered, accurate, and complete during transit from the sender to the receiver.

پیغام کی سالمیت (Message Integrity) کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ وصول کنندہ کے پاس ڈیٹا بالکل اسی حالت میں پہنچے جس حالت میں بھیجا گیا تھا۔

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59📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCryptography

ECC stands for _____ in public key cryptography

Explanation

ECC stands for Elliptic Curve Cryptography, an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields, offering smaller keys with equivalent security to RSA.

ای سی سی (ECC) کا پورا نام ایلپٹک کرو کرپٹوگرافی (Elliptic curve cryptography) ہے۔

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60📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsFirewalls

The security device which installed between two networks (internal network to outside network) for controlling the flow of traffic into and out of network is known as

Explanation

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.

دو نیٹ ورکس کے درمیان ٹریفک کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے لگایا جانے والا حفاظتی آلہ فائر وال (Firewall) کہلاتا ہے۔

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61📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks

The IEEE 802.11 defines basic service set as a building block of wireless

Explanation

The Basic Service Set (BSS) is the fundamental building block of an IEEE 802.11 wireless Local Area Network (LAN).

آئی ای ای ای 802.11 (IEEE 802.11) وائرلیس لوکل ایریا نیٹ ورک (LAN) کی تعمیراتی اکائی کے طور پر کام کرتا ہے۔

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62📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringComputer Architecture

Components that provide internal storage to the CPU are

Explanation

Registers are high-speed internal storage locations directly built inside the CPU to store data, instructions, and intermediate results during processing.

سی پی یو (CPU) کے اندر عارضی اور تیز ترین اسٹوریج فراہم کرنے والے حصوں کو رجسٹرز (Registers) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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63📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringComputer Architecture

BIOS is used by

Explanation

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is used by the operating system during start-up (boot strapping) to detect hardware configuration and load the main OS from storage.

کمپیوٹر شروع ہوتے وقت ہارڈ ویئر سے رابطہ قائم کرنے کے لیے آپریٹنگ سسٹم (Operating system) بنیادی ان پٹ/آؤٹ پٹ سسٹم (BIOS) کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔

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64📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCybersecurity Tools

Which of the following is a session hijacking tool?

Explanation

T-Sight is a commercial security and network sniffing utility used for session hijacking and active monitoring. Wireshark is a packet analyzer, Maltego is OSINT, and Nessus is a vulnerability scanner.

ٹی-سائٹ (T-Sight) ایک مشہور سیشن ہائی جیکنگ اور نیٹ ورک مانیٹرنگ ٹول ہے۔

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65📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCloud Security

Which of the following is the standard for interoperable cloud-based key management?

Explanation

KMIP (Key Management Interoperability Protocol) is a standard developed by OASIS to ensure interoperability between key management servers and clients.

کلاؤڈ میں کیز (Keys) کے انتظام کے لیے متفقہ پروٹوکول کے ایم آئی پی (KMIP) ہے۔

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66📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsMobile Forensics

Which of the following is NOT a category of mobile forensic tools?

Explanation

Mobile forensic tools encompass extraction, recovery, and analysis categories. Encryption tools are security mechanisms to protect data, not forensic tools.

ڈیٹا کو انکریپٹ کرنے والے ٹولز (Data encryption tools) فارنسک تفتیش کا حصہ نہیں ہیں بلکہ ڈیٹا چھپانے کے کام آتے ہیں۔

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67📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsMobile Security

What is the general length of the IMEI number?

Explanation

An IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number is a unique 15-digit number used to identify 3GPP and iDEN mobile phones.

موبائل فون کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا آئی ایم ای آئی (IMEI) نمبر عام طور پر 15 ہندسوں (15 digits) پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔

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68📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsInformation Security

Many social media sites and services provide _____ for legitimate account verification.

Explanation

Two-step (or two-factor) verification is standardly provided by social media services to authenticate the identity of the legitimate account holder during logins.

سوشل میڈیا سائٹس اکاؤنٹ کی سیکیورٹی اور تصدیق کے لیے ٹو-اسٹیپ ویریفکیشن (2-step verification) کی سہولت دیتی ہیں۔

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69📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Principles

Consider the following principles of forensic science:
i. Not all contact leaves a trace
ii. Two different things can be compared
iii. Everything is unique
iv. Change is the only constant
Which of the above statements is true/correct?

Explanation

According to the fundamental laws of forensic science, the Law of Individuality states 'Everything is unique' (iii), and the Law of Progressive Change states 'Change is the only constant' (iv). Statement i is incorrect because Locard's Exchange Principle states 'Every contact leaves a trace'. Statement ii is incorrect because the Law of Comparison states that only likes can be compared.

فارنزک سائنس کے بنیادی اصولوں کے مطابق، انفرادیت کا قانون (Law of Individuality) بتاتا ہے کہ 'ہر چیز منفرد ہے' (iii) اور ترقی پسند تبدیلی کا قانون (Law of Progressive Change) بتاتا ہے کہ 'تبدیلی ہی واحد مستقل ہے' (iv)۔ پہلا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ لوکارڈ کا اصول کہتا ہے کہ 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے'۔ دوسرا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ موازنہ کا قانون کہتا ہے کہ صرف ملتی جلتی چیزوں کا موازنہ کیا جا سکتا ہے۔

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70📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

The following steps are carried out during crime scene processing.
i. Collect
ii. Process and preserve
iii. Record
iv. Observe
Which is the right order beginning from the first step?

Explanation

The standard sequence of crime scene processing is to first Observe (iv) the scene, Record (iii) it through notes, sketches, and photos, Collect (i) the physical evidence, and finally Process and preserve (ii) the evidence and scene details.

کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کا صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے مشاہدہ کرنا (Observe - iv)، پھر ریکارڈ کرنا (Record - iii)، پھر نمونے جمع کرنا (Collect - i)، اور آخر میں پروسیس اور محفوظ کرنا (Process and preserve - ii)۔ یعنی iv، iii، i، ii۔

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71📚🧬 BiologyTrace Evidence

Which of the following is an example of trace evidence?

Explanation

Trace evidence refers to microscopic physical evidence that is transferred between objects or people during a crime. Examples include hair, fibers, glass fragments, and paint chips.

ٹریس ایویڈینس (Trace evidence) سے مراد وہ خوردبینی مادی ثبوت ہیں جو جرم کے دوران منتقل ہوتے ہیں۔ دھاگہ یا ریشہ (Fiber) اس کی ایک بہترین مثال ہے۔

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72📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Law

What is "Lying under oath" called?

Explanation

Perjury is the act of willfully making false statements or lying under oath during a judicial proceeding.

حلف کے تحت جھوٹ بولنا یا عدالت میں جھوٹی گواہی دینا پرجری (Perjury) کہلاتا ہے۔

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73📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Consider the following duties of the first responding officer.
i. Barricade the crime scene
ii. Compile data from the scene
iii. Attend to any injured people/survivors
iv. Remove and detain witnesses/suspects from crime scene
Arrange the duties in chronological order starting from the first duty

Explanation

The first priority of the responding officer is to preserve life by attending to the injured (iii). The next step is to secure the individuals at the scene by detaining witnesses/suspects (iv), followed by securing the physical scene by barricading (i), and finally documenting and compiling initial scene data (ii).

سب سے پہلے زخمیوں کو طبی امداد فراہم کرنا (iii)، پھر گواہوں یا مشتبہ افراد کو قابو کرنا (iv)، پھر کرائم سین کو بیریکیڈ کر کے سیل کرنا (i) اور آخر میں ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنا (ii) ترجیحی ترتیب ہے۔

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74📚🧬 BiologyEvidence Vocabulary

Consider the following pairs:

| Term | Definition |
| --- | --- |
| i. Elimination sample | Known source from someone who had lawful access to the scene |
| ii. Questioned sample | Known source from the crime scene which was presumably uncontaminated during a crime |
| iii. Reference sample | Known source with which evidence is compared to establish a link |
| iv. Control sample | Recovered from crime whose source is in question |

Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Explanation

Pairs i and iii are correctly matched. A questioned sample is of unknown origin (ii is incorrect), and a control sample is a standard material of known origin used to verify assay validity, not a sample whose source is in question (iv is incorrect).

صرف پہلا (i - ایلیمینیشن نمونہ) اور تیسرا (iii - ریفرینس نمونہ) بیانات صحیح طور پر میل کھاتے ہیں۔ نامعلوم ماخذ والے نمونے کو کوئسچنڈ نمونہ کہتے ہیں (ii غلط ہے)۔ کنٹرول نمونہ ٹیسٹ کی درستگی جانچنے کے لیے معلوم چیز ہوتی ہے (iv غلط ہے)۔

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75📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Photography

Which of the following is a detailed millimetre scale placed next to evidence while taking close view photograph of evidence?

Explanation

The ABFO No. 2 scale, developed by the American Board of Forensic Odontologists, is a standard L-shaped millimetric scale placed next to wounds, bite marks, or other physical evidence during close-up photography to establish accurate scaling.

اے بی ایف او (ABFO) ایک ملی میٹر پیمانہ ہے جسے قریبی تصاویر لیتے وقت نمونوں کے پاس رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ سائز کا درست تعین ہو سکے۔

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76📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Ethics

Consider the following ethics of a forensic expert:
i. Be subjective in validated scientific analysis
ii. Be objective in their analysis
iii. Employ validated methods of analysis
iv. Give personal opinions on the suspect of the crime
Which of the above statements are true/correct?

Explanation

A forensic expert is ethically required to remain strictly objective (ii) during their analysis and always employ scientifically validated analytical methods (iii). Subjective bias (i) and personal opinions (iv) violate scientific and legal standards.

فارنزک ماہر کے اخلاقیات کے مطابق، اسے اپنے تجزیے میں مکمل طور پر معروضی (objective) ہونا چاہیے (ii) اور ہمیشہ توثیق شدہ سائنسی طریقے (validated methods) استعمال کرنے چاہئیں (iii)۔ ذاتی آراء دینا یا غیر معروضی ہونا اخلاقیات کے خلاف ہے۔ اس لیے ii اور iii درست ہیں۔

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77📚🧬 BiologyForensic Biology

Match the columns:

| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| --- | --- |
| i. Blood | a) Phadebas test |
| ii. Semen | b) Christmas tree staining |
| iii. Saliva | c) Nessler's test |
| iv. Urine | d) Takayama crystal assay |

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Blood is matched with Takayama crystal assay (d), Semen with Christmas tree staining for sperm heads (b), Saliva with Phadebas test for amylase (a), and Urine with Nessler's reagent test for urea/ammonia (c). This corresponds to option B.

خون کا ٹیسٹ ٹاکایاما کرسٹل ایسے ہے (i-d)، منی (semen) کا ٹیسٹ کرسمس ٹری سٹیننگ ہے (ii-b)، تھوک (saliva) کا ٹیسٹ فادیباس ٹیسٹ ہے (iii-a)، اور پیشاب کا ٹیسٹ نیسلر ٹیسٹ ہے (iv-c)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔

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78📚🧬 BiologyMolecular Biology

During probe synthesis which of the following causes hairpin loop formation?

Explanation

Hairpin loops are secondary structures that form when single-stranded nucleotide sequences fold back on themselves due to complementary regions within the same molecule.

پروب کے اندر موجود تکمیلی خطوں (complementary regions) کی وجہ سے وہ خود پر مڑ کر ہیئر پن لوپ (hairpin loop) بنا لیتا ہے۔

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79📚⚗️ ChemistryBiochemistry

Rhodamine Red that is commonly used for the fluorescent labelling of DNA probes has an emission maximum at what wavelength?

Explanation

Rhodamine Red is a red fluorophore with an excitation maximum near 570 nm and an emission maximum at approximately 590 nm.

روڈامائن ریڈ (Rhodamine Red) فلوروسینٹ ڈائی کی زیادہ سے زیادہ اخراج کی طولِ موج (emission maximum) 590 نینو میٹر (nm) ہے۔

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80📚🧬 BiologyGenetics

What causes Barr body formation?

Explanation

A Barr body is an inactive, condensed X chromosome in female mammalian somatic cells, created during early development via X-chromosome inactivation (lyonization).

خواتین کے جسمانی خلیات میں ایک ایکس کروموسوم کو غیر فعال (X chromosome inactivation) کر دیا جاتا ہے، جو سکڑ کر بار باڈی (Barr body) بناتا ہے۔

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81📚🧬 BiologyCell Biology

What region of a chromosome do mitotic and meiotic spindle fibers attach to?

Explanation

During cell division, the mitotic or meiotic spindle fibers attach to the centromere region of the chromosome, specifically at the kinetochore protein complex assembled there.

خلیہ کی تقسیم کے دوران تکلے کے ریشے (spindle fibers) کروموسوم کے سینٹرومیئر (Centromere) والے حصے سے جڑتے ہیں۔

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82📚🧬 BiologyCell Biology

At what phase during the mitotic cell division, does the kinetochore microtubule begin to form?

Explanation

During prometaphase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle microtubules begin to attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes (forming kinetochore microtubules).

مائٹوسس (mitosis) تقسیم کے دوران، پرو میٹافیز (Prometaphase) مرحلے میں کائینیٹو کور مائکرو ٹیوبول بننا اور کروموسوم سے جڑنا شروع ہوتے ہیں۔

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83📚🧬 BiologyCell Biology

What is programmed cell death called as?

Explanation

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms, characterized by morphological changes and cell disassembly without damage to neighboring cells.

خلیات کی پہلے سے طے شدہ یا پروگرام شدہ موت کو اپوپٹوسس (Apoptosis) کہا جاتا ہے، جبکہ حادثاتی موت کو نیکروسس کہتے ہیں۔

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84📚🧬 BiologyMolecular Biology

During DNA replication, the two parental strands separate and each one acts as a template strand for new complementary strands. What is this model of DNA replication called?

Explanation

The semiconservative model of DNA replication, proven by Meselson and Stahl, shows that each newly replicated DNA double helix consists of one intact parental (old) strand and one newly synthesized strand.

ڈی این اے کی تقسیم کے ماڈل کو سیمی کنزرویٹو (Semiconservative) کہا جاتا ہے جہاں ہر نیا بننے والا جوڑا ایک پرانی اور ایک نئی زنجیر سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔

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85📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

What is the first step in managing a crime scene?

Explanation

Securing the scene is the immediate first step in crime scene management to prevent contamination, alteration, or loss of evidence.

کرائم سین کی حفاظت اور اسے بیریکیڈ کرنا سب سے پہلا لازمی قدم ہے تاکہ شواہد کو آلودگی، تبدیلی یا ضائع ہونے سے بچایا جا سکے۔

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86📚🔬 Forensic ScienceEvidence Packaging

What is the best way to package charred documents?

Explanation

Charred documents are extremely fragile. They should be carefully lifted and placed in a rigid corrugated box lined with a cotton base to absorb vibrations and prevent crumbling during transport.

جلے ہوئے کاغذات (Charred documents) انتہائی نازک ہوتے ہیں۔ انہیں خراب ہونے سے بچانے کے لیے روئی کے بستر (cotton base) والے سخت کارٹن یا نالیدار ڈبے (corrugated box) میں احتیاط سے رکھا جانا چاہیے۔

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87📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHistory of Forensics

The concept of 'Every contact leaves a trace' is associated with which of the following forensic scientist?

Explanation

The fundamental tenet of forensic science, 'Every contact leaves a trace', is known as Locard's Exchange Principle, formulated by Sir Edmond Locard.

فارنزک سائنس کا سب سے اہم اصول 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے' فرانسیسی سائنسدان ایڈمنڈ لوکارڈ (Edmond Locard) سے منسوب ہے، جسے لوکارڈ کا تبادلہ کا اصول کہتے ہیں۔

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88📚🔬 Forensic ScienceInk Analysis

What are Taggants in inks used as?

Explanation

Taggants are unique chemical or physical markers added to inks by manufacturers during production to allow the identification of the ink brand, formulation, and year of manufacture.

ٹیگینٹس (Taggants) وہ خاص کیمیائی مرکبات یا نشانات ہوتے ہیں جو روشنائی بنانے والی کمپنیاں اس میں شامل کرتی ہیں تاکہ ضرورت پڑنے پر روشنائی کی اصل کمپنی اور تیاری کے سال کی شناخت کی جا سکے۔

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89📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Analysis

What is the design of letters which are fundamental to a writing system called?

Explanation

The copybook form represents the basic, standardized style of letters taught to beginners in a specific school system, serving as the starting point for individual writing habits.

حروف کا وہ بنیادی خاکہ یا ڈیزائن جو اسکولوں میں ابتدائی لکھاوٹ سکھانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے، اسے کاپی بک فارم (Copybook form) کہتے ہیں۔

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90📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Principles

(A): Two handwriting samples of the same content written by the same person are exactly the same and can be superimposed one on top of another.
(B): Two handwriting samples written by the same person could be same because it was written by the same author during same time period

Explanation

Both statements are incorrect. Due to natural variation, a writer never produces two identical handwriting samples. Perfect superimposition is a classic sign of traced forgery, not genuine writing, regardless of the time period.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں۔ کوئی بھی انسان اپنے دستخط یا لکھاوٹ بالکل ایک جیسی نہیں لکھ سکتا (قدرتی تغیر پایا جاتا ہے)۔ اگر دو نمونے بالکل ایک دوسرے کے اوپر فٹ بیٹھیں تو وہ جعل سازی کی علامت ہے، اصلیت کی نہیں۔

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91📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTypewriting Analysis

Which of the following is most likely to develop the individual characteristics when used a lot?

Explanation

Manual typewriters develop highly specific individual characteristics with use due to mechanical wear and tear, bending of serifs, misalignment of type bars, and clog damage.

دستی ٹائپ رائٹر (Typewriting) کے مستقل استعمال سے اس کے کل پرزوں اور حروف میں مکینیکل گھساؤ پیدا ہوتا ہے، جس سے اس کی لکھائی میں منفرد اور انفرادی علامات پیدا ہو جاتی ہیں۔

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92📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Following are the duties of the First officer arriving at the scene of crime, EXCEPT-
i. Taking notes of any vehicles leaving the scene
ii. Obtaining medical assistance if needed
iii. Check for hazardous or violent circumstances
iv. Leaves the crime scene to do a preliminary examination

Explanation

The first responding officer must secure the scene and must NOT leave the crime scene to conduct a preliminary examination elsewhere. Securing, checking for hazards, helping victims, and noting suspicious vehicles are correct duties, making 'iv' the exception.

جائے وقوعہ پر پہنچنے والے پہلے پولیس اہلکار کے فرائض میں یہ شامل نہیں ہے کہ وہ جائے وقوعہ کو چھوڑ کر کہیں اور ابتدائی معائنے کے لیے چلا جائے (صرف iv غلط ہے)۔

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93📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management

Which of the following is NOT a key element of crime scene management?
i. Documentation
ii. Preservation of evidence
iii. Identifying and interviewing suspects
iv. Crowd control

Explanation

Crime scene management focuses on securing the scene, documenting it (i), and preserving evidence (ii). Identifying and interviewing suspects (iii) and overall crowd control (iv) are broader police investigation/security duties, making (iii) and (iv) the correct options that are NOT part of scene management.

کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے بنیادی عناصر میں دستاویز سازی (documentation) اور شواہد کی حفاظت شامل ہے۔ مشتبہ افراد کی شناخت اور پوچھ گچھ (iii) اور ہجوم پر قابو پانا (iv) وسیع تر تفتیشی کام ہیں، کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے نہیں (صرف iii اور iv درست ہیں)۔

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94📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSecret Inks

Match the following:
a. Heat -> i. Soap
b. Ammonia -> ii. Urine
c. Water -> iii. Starch
d. Iodine vapour -> iv. Iron salt

Explanation

This match relates to sympathetic (secret) ink developers: Heat develops urine (a-ii). Ammonia gas reacts with iron salts to develop color (b-iv). Water reveals soap residues (c-i). Iodine vapor turns blue-black in contact with starch (d-iii). This matches option A.

خفیہ روشنائی (secret inks) کے ظاہر کرنے والوں کا ملاپ: حرارت پیشاب کے داغ ظاہر کرتی ہے (a-ii)، امونیا گیس لوہے کے نمکیات کے ساتھ ردعمل کرتی ہے (b-iv)، پانی صابن کے نقوش کو ظاہر کرتا ہے (c-i)، اور آئوڈین ویپر نشاستہ (starch) کے ساتھ نیلے رنگ کا ردعمل دیتی ہے (d-iii)۔

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95📚🔬 Forensic ScienceMeasurements

In the context of measuring instruments, the least count is:

Explanation

The least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest measurement value that can be resolved or measured accurately using that instrument.

کسی بھی پیمائشی آلے کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ (least count) وہ سب سے چھوٹی پیمائش ہے جو اس آلے کی مدد سے بالکل درست طریقے سے لی جا سکتی ہے۔

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96📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Instrumentation

What does AAS stand for in context of spectroscopy?

Explanation

AAS stands for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, which is an analytical technique used to measure the concentration of metallic elements in a sample by measuring the light absorbed by free atoms.

اے اے ایس (AAS) کا پورا نام اٹامک ایبزارپشن سپیکٹرم شناسی (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) ہے، جو نمونے میں دھاتی عناصر کی مقدار معلوم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

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97📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Instrumentation

What is the full form of FTIR spectroscopy?

Explanation

FTIR stands for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, a technique used to obtain an infrared absorption or emission spectrum of a solid, liquid, or gas for chemical identification.

ایف ٹی آئی آر (FTIR) کا پورا نام فورئیر ٹرانسفارم انفرا ریڈ سپیکٹرمیٹری (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) ہے، جو کیمیکلز کے مالیکیولر ڈھانچے کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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98📚🔬 Forensic ScienceEvidence Preservation

How should wet and charred documents be preserved at a crime scene to minimise further damage?

Explanation

Freeze-drying is the best method to dry wet, extremely fragile charred documents because it sublimates ice directly to gas, avoiding liquid tension that crumbles the paper.

جلے اور گیلے ہوئے کاغذات کو مزید نقصان سے بچانے کے لیے فریز ڈرائینگ (Freeze-dry) کا طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے، جو برف کو براہ راست گیس بنا کر اڑا دیتا ہے اور کاغذ نہیں ٹوٹتا۔

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99📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Factors

Which of the following is an internal factor (cannot be controlled) affecting a person's handwriting?

Explanation

Ageing is a gradual, permanent, and uncontrollable internal physiological factor that alters handwriting. Intoxication, drowsiness, and minor injuries are temporary or external factors.

بڑھتی ہوئی عمر (ageing) ایک ایسا اندرونی جسمانی عمل ہے جو انسان کے اختیار میں نہیں ہوتا اور یہ لکھاوٹ پر مستقل اثر ڈالتا ہے، جبکہ نشہ یا نیند عارضی عوامل ہیں۔

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100📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSignature Examination

The distinctive features that makes a person's signature recognizable and unique fall under the category of:

Explanation

Unique flourishes, letter connections, and details in a signature that allow it to be distinguished from all others are classified as individual characteristics.

وہ منفرد اور مخصوص نشانات جو کسی شخص کے دستخط کو منفرد اور قابل شناخت بناتے ہیں، لکھاوٹ کی انفرادی خصوصیات (Individual characteristics) کے زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔

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101📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCounterfeit Detection

Which of the following features are examined while detecting counterfeiting in currency notes?
1. Microprinting
2. Watermark
3. Optical fibres
4. OVI (optical variable ink)
5. Signature of the governor

Explanation

To verify banknotes, examiners check all security features including microprinting, watermarks, fluorescent optical fibers, Optically Variable Ink (OVI), and the details of the governor's signature.

جعلی نوٹوں کی شناخت کے لیے یہ تمام سیکیورٹی فیچرز دیکھے جاتے ہیں: باریک چھپائی (microprinting)، واٹر مارک، فلوروسینٹ آپٹیکل فائبر، رنگ بدلنے والی روشنائی (OVI)، اور گورنر کے دستخط۔ یعنی تمام 1، 2، 3، 4، 5 درست ہیں۔

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102📚🔬 Forensic SciencePassport Security

What security feature is commonly used in passports to prevent tampering and forgery?

Explanation

Holograms (or holographic laminates) are placed over the biographical data page in passports to prevent alteration and copying of photo or details, making counterfeiting extremely difficult.

پاسپورٹ کے بائیو ڈیٹا پیج پر ہولوگرام (hologram) لگایا جاتا ہے تاکہ تصویر یا تفصیلات میں کوئی تبدیلی یا ٹیمپرنگ نہ کی جا سکے اور نہ ہی اس کی فوٹو کاپی بن سکے۔

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103📚🔬 Forensic SciencePassport Security

What is the purpose of using UV printing in passports and travel documents?

Explanation

UV-activated fluorescent inks are invisible under normal light and do not show up when photocopied with standard color copiers, helping to prevent unauthorized photocopying and reproduction.

پاسپورٹس میں بالائے بنفشی (UV) پرنٹنگ کا مقصد فوٹو کاپی کو روکنا (prevent photocopying) ہے، کیونکہ یہ روشنائی عام روشنی میں پوشیدہ ہوتی ہے اور نقل کرنے پر ظاہر نہیں ہوتی۔

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104📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFinancial Fraud

What term refers to the unauthorized copying of credit card information onto a counterfeit card for fraudulent transactions?

Explanation

Skimming is the illegal capturing and copying of the magnetic stripe data from a credit or debit card using a reading device, which is later written onto a counterfeit card.

کریڈٹ کارڈ کی مقناطیسی پٹی (magnetic stripe) پر موجود معلومات کو چوری سے کاپی کرنے کے عمل کو سکمنگ (skimming) کہتے ہیں، تاکہ بعد میں جعلی کارڈ بنایا جا سکے۔

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105📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFinancial Fraud

In credit cards forgery investigations, what is often examined to determine the authenticity of a card, especially when comparing a genuine card with a suspected counterfeit?
1. Magnetic stripe data
2. Embossed characters
3. Signature panel

Explanation

To determine credit card authenticity, investigators analyze the magnetic stripe data, the size/alignment of embossed characters, and the security features of the signature panel. Thus, all 1, 2, and 3 are examined.

کریڈٹ کارڈ کی صداقت کی جانچ کے لیے کارڈ کے ابھرے ہوئے حروف (embossed characters)، دستخط کا پینل، اور مقناطیسی پٹی کا ڈیٹا (magnetic stripe) سب چیک کیے جاتے ہیں۔ یعنی 1، 2 اور 3 سب درست ہیں۔

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106📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHistory of Forensics

In response to the rising demands of providing high technology to the crime investigation process, BPR&D established the first Forensic DNA Typing facility at CFSL, Calcutta, during

Explanation

The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) established India's first Central DNA Typing Unit at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Calcutta in 1998.

ہندوستان میں پہلی سنٹرل فارنزک ڈی این اے ٹائپنگ کی سہولت 1998 میں سنٹرل فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (CFSL) کلکتہ میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔

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107📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringCrime Scene Reconstruction

________ supports a likely sequence of events by observing and evaluating physical evidence and statements made by witnesses and those involved with the incident.

Explanation

Crime scene reconstruction is the collaborative process of determining the sequence of events before, during, and after a crime using physical evidence and statements.

جائے وقوعہ کی تعمیر نو (Reconstruction) وہ عمل ہے جس کے ذریعے شواہد، گواہوں کے بیانات اور طبیعیات کے قوانین کی مدد سے جرم کے وقوع پذیر ہونے کے ترتیب وار واقعات کا تعین کیا جاتا ہے۔

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108📚⚗️ ChemistryColor Tests

Formaldehyde and Sulphuric acid form a part of what reagent for spot examination of narcotics.

Explanation

Marquis reagent is prepared by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid with formaldehyde. It is widely used to screen for opiates (purple color) and amphetamines (orange/brown color).

مارکوئس ری ایجنٹ (Marquis Reagent) فارملڈیہائڈ اور مرتکز سلفیورک ایسڈ کے مرکب سے بنتا ہے، جو نشہ آور مواد کی موقع پر فوری شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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109📚⚗️ ChemistryPeriodic Table Properties

Which of the following elements have electron affinity greater than S?

Explanation

In Group 16, Sulfur (S) has the highest electron affinity (-200 kJ/mol). Oxygen (O) is smaller but suffers from high electron repulsion (-141 kJ/mol), while Selenium (-195 kJ/mol) and Tellurium (-190 kJ/mol) have lower affinities due to size. Thus, none of these have an affinity greater than S.

گروپ 16 کے عناصر میں سلفر (S) کی الیکٹران افینیٹی سب سے زیادہ (-200 kJ/mol) ہوتی ہے۔ آکسیجن، سیلینیم اور ٹیلوریم سب کی الیکٹران افینیٹی سلفر سے کم ہوتی ہے، اس لیے جواب 'ان میں سے کوئی نہیں' (None of these) ہے۔

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110📚⚗️ ChemistrySample Preparation

What is the sample preparation technique for extraction of alcohol from water.

Explanation

Simple distillation is the standard sample preparation technique used to separate and extract volatile ethanol (alcohol) from aqueous solutions like blood or urine.

پانی اور الکحل کے آمیزے سے الکحل کو الگ کرنے کے لیے ڈسٹلیشن (Distillation - کشید کاری) کا روایتی طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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111📚🧬 BiologyAnalytical Instrumentation

Which of the following techniques can be used for qualitative and quantitative estimation of a known impurity in a drug substance?

Explanation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely used and preferred analytical technique for both separating (qualitative identification via retention time) and quantifying impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances.

کسی دوا میں موجود ناپاکی یا ملاوٹ (impurity) کی مقداری اور معیاری جانچ کے لیے سب سے موزوں اور مستعمل تکنیک ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) ہے۔

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112📚🧬 BiologySecurity Instrumentation

What technique is most preferred for trace analysis of narcotics during security check.

Explanation

Handheld Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is the preferred technology at security checkpoints (airports, border control) due to its high speed (seconds) and extreme sensitivity for trace vapors and residues of narcotics and explosives.

ہوائی اڈوں اور حفاظتی چوکیوں پر منشیات کے باریک ذرات کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے ہینڈ ہیلڈ آئی ایم ایس (IMS - Ion Mobility Spectrometry) آلے کو سب سے زیادہ ترجیح دی جاتی ہے۔

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113📚⚗️ ChemistryColor Tests

What transition metal is used in preparation of Mandelin's Reagent.

Explanation

Mandelin's reagent is prepared by dissolving ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in concentrated sulfuric acid. The active transition metal is Vanadium.

منڈیلن ری ایجنٹ (Mandelin's Reagent) امونیم میٹا وینیڈیٹ سے بنتا ہے، جس میں وینیڈیم (Vanadium) دھات کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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114📚⚗️ ChemistryColor Tests

Frohde's reagent is prepared by.

Explanation

Frohde's reagent is prepared by dissolving molybdic acid or sodium molybdate in hot concentrated sulfuric acid. It is used to screen for alkaloids and opiates.

فروہڈ ری ایجنٹ (Frohde's reagent) مولیبڈک ایسڈ (Molybdic acid) کو گرم سلفیورک ایسڈ میں ملا کر تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔

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115📚⚗️ ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry

Name the process that contaminates the precipitates and also carries the precipitate solution containing soluble impurities.

Explanation

Coprecipitation is the process in which compounds that are normally soluble in the solvent are carried down out of solution along with the primary precipitate during its formation.

وہ عمل جس میں حل پذیر گندگی یا ناپاکیاں بھی بنیادی رسوب (precipitate) کے ساتھ بیٹھ کر اسے آلودہ کر دیتی ہیں، اسے کو-پریسیپیٹیشن (Coprecipitation) کہتے ہیں۔

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116📚⚗️ ChemistrySolvent Extraction

Micellar layer formed during solvent extract can be removed by

Explanation

During liquid-liquid extraction, emulsion or micellar layers can form. Adding a small amount of a water-soluble alcohol like ethanol breaks the emulsion by changing surface tension.

سالونٹ ایکسٹریکشن کے دوران بننے والے جھاگ یا ایملشن (micellar layer) کو توڑنے کے لیے مرکب میں تھوڑی مقدار میں ایتھنول (ethanol) ملایا جاتا ہے۔

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117📚⚗️ ChemistrySample Preparation

What is the benefit of using salting out method during Headspace Extraction.

Explanation

Adding inorganic salts (salting out) increases the ionic strength of the aqueous phase, decreasing the solubility of polar organic analytes and driving them out of water into the headspace gas phase.

پانی والے نمونوں میں نمک ملانے (salting out) سے پانی میں موجود پولر مرکبات کی حل پذیری کم ہو جاتی ہے اور وہ گیس بن کر ہیڈ اسپیس (headspace) میں چلے جاتے ہیں، جس سے ان کا اخراج آسان ہو جاتا ہے۔

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118📚⚛️ PhysicsGas Chromatography

A carrier gas in GLC should have the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Explanation

A carrier gas in Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) must be a high-purity single gas (such as Helium, Nitrogen, or Hydrogen). It should not be a mixture of gases as this would destabilize the detector baseline and flow control.

گیس کرومیٹوگرافی میں کیریئر گیس ہمیشہ خالص اور اکیلی ہونی چاہیے (جیسے نائٹروجن یا ہیلیئم)، یہ گیسوں کا مرکب (mixture of gases) نہیں ہونی چاہیے۔ اس لیے بیانیہ B غلط ہے۔

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119📚⚛️ PhysicsSpectrophotometry

At what Amax does nitrate ion show absorbance with brucine sulphate

Explanation

Nitrate ions react with brucine sulfate in a strong sulfuric acid medium to form a yellow-colored complex which exhibits a maximum light absorption (λmax) at 410 nm.

نائٹریٹ آئن جب بروسین سلفیٹ سے سلفیورک ایسڈ کی موجودگی میں ملتے ہیں تو پیلے رنگ کا مرکب بنتا ہے، جس کا زیادہ سے زیادہ جذباتی طولِ موج (λmax) 410 nm ہوتا ہے۔

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120📚⚛️ PhysicsIR Spectroscopy

An FTIR instrument record a signal in the

Explanation

An FTIR spectrophotometer uses a Michelson interferometer to record an interferogram, which is a signal measured in the time (or optical path retardation) domain. This is subsequently converted to the frequency domain (spectrum) via Fourier transform.

ایف ٹی آئی آر (FTIR) سپیکٹرو میٹر بنیادی طور پر سگنل کو ٹائم ڈومین (Time domain / وقت کی بنیاد پر) میں ریکارڈ کرتا ہے، جسے بعد میں فریکوئنسی ڈومین میں تبدیل کیا جاتا ہے۔

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121📚⚛️ PhysicsQuantum Mechanics

In the domain of quantum mechanics, what fundamental property of particles at the nanoscale contributes to the unique characteristics of nanomaterials?

Explanation

At the nanoscale (typically 1-100 nm), the physical and chemical properties of materials are dominated by microscopic quantum behavior (such as quantum confinement and wave-particle duality), which differs significantly from bulk properties.

کوانٹم میکانکس کے مطابق، نینو اسکیل پر ذرات کا خوردبینی کوانٹم طرزِ عمل (Microscopic quantum behaviour) ہی نینو میٹریلز کی منفرد طبیعی اور کیمیائی خصوصیات کا سبب بنتا ہے۔

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122📚⚛️ PhysicsNanotechnology

What makes nanoparticles and nanotubes feasible tools for forensic evidence analysis?

Explanation

Nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are highly stable and exhibit excellent resistance to environmental factors (such as heat, light, and humidity), ensuring that forensic markers or tags remain intact and detectable over time.

نینو پارٹیکلز اور نینو ٹیوبز ماحولیاتی عوامل (جیسے گرمی، نمی اور روشنی) کے خلاف مزاحمت (resistance to environmental factors) رکھتے ہیں، جس کی وجہ سے یہ فارنزک شواہد کی جانچ کے لیے موزوں آلات بنتے ہیں۔

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123📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

Which element is a key indicator in the forensic analysis of glass, as its concentration can vary based on the source?

Explanation

While silicon, calcium, and sodium are major components of soda-lime glass, iron is present as a trace element (impurity). Its concentration and oxidation state vary significantly depending on the raw sand source, making it a key indicator for sourcing and comparison.

شیشے کے فارنزک تجزیے میں لوہا (Iron) ایک اہم اشاریہ ہے کیونکہ خام مال میں اس کی معمولی مقدار یا ملاوٹ مختلف مینوفیکچررز اور ذرائع کے حساب سے تبدیل ہوتی رہتی ہے۔

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124📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

What phenomenon is observed when glass fragments are forced backward into a room due to an explosion or impact from outside?

Explanation

When glass is broken by an impact or explosion, most fragments travel in the direction of the force, but microscopic glass fragments are projected backward toward the direction of the blow. This is known as backscatter (or backward fragmentation).

جب باہر سے کسی دھماکے یا ضرب کی وجہ سے شیشے کے باریک ذرات قوت کے مخالف رخ یعنی اندر کی طرف اچھلتے ہیں، تو اسے بیک اسکیٹر اثر (Backscatter effect) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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125📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis

What phenomenon is primarily responsible for the formation of hackle marks on glass when it is subjected to an impact?

Explanation

Hackle marks are formed during the process of fracture propagation when the crack front branches or twists under high tensile stress.

ہیکل مارکس کا بننا بنیادی طور پر دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے (Fracture propagation) کے دوران تناؤ کی وجہ سے ہوتا ہے۔

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126📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSoil Analysis

The colour of soil is mainly determined by its:

Explanation

The color of soil is primarily determined by its mineral composition (especially iron and manganese oxides) and organic matter content, but mineralogy is the fundamental component in soil classification (Munsell system).

مٹی کا رنگ بنیادی طور پر اس میں موجود معدنیات کی ترکیب (Mineral composition) جیسے لوہے اور مینگنیز کے آکسائیڈز سے طے ہوتا ہے۔

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127📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSoil Analysis

A crime scene investigation involves a suspicious package found buried in beach soil. Forensic experts are called to analyse the soil for potential evidence. Upon initial analysis, the forensic team identifies the presence of shell fragments in the beach

Explanation

The presence of shell fragments and beach sand characteristics in the soil indicates a coastal environment, linking the package to a shoreline or beach location.

مٹی میں صدف یا سیپیوں کے ٹکڑوں (shell fragments) کی موجودگی براہِ راست ساحلی ماحول (Coastal environment) کی نشاندہی کرتی ہے۔

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128📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Principles

In a hit and run case, which principle, related to the transfer and deformation of paint during a collision, helps forensic experts identify characteristics such as make and model of the suspect's vehicle?

Explanation

Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace.' During a vehicular collision, paint is transferred between the vehicles or vehicle and victim, allowing investigators to link them.

ہٹ اینڈ رن کیسز میں گاڑیوں کے باہمی تصادم کے دوران پینٹ کا تبادلہ لوکارڈ کے تبادلے کے اصول (Lockard's Exchange Principle) کے تحت ہوتا ہے، جو مجرم گاڑی کا پتا لگانے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔

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129📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFiber Analysis

In forensic fiber examination, what specific information does the analysis of fiber cross-sections using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provide?

Explanation

Using SEM to inspect fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views yields highly detailed images of the fiber's surface texture, cross-sectional shape (e.g., trilobal, round), and manufacturing marks.

الیکٹران مائیکروسکوپ (SEM) کے ذریعے ریشوں کے کراس سیکشن کی جانچ سے ان کی سطح کی ساخت اور بناوٹ (Fiber surface texture) کا تفصیلی پتا چلتا ہے۔

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130📚⚛️ PhysicsFiber Burning Test

In a forensic examination of fibers, what does the observation of a sputtering flame with black smoke during a burning test indicate about the fiber being tested?

Explanation

Synthetic polymer fibers (like polyester or acrylic) typically melt and burn with a sputtering flame, releasing dense black smoke due to incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.

جلانے کے ٹیسٹ کے دوران چنگاریوں والی آگ (sputtering flame) اور سیاہ دھواں (black smoke) مصنوعی ریشوں (synthetic fibers) کی موجودگی کی نشاندہی کرتا ہے۔

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131📚🔬 Forensic ScienceAudio Forensics

In forensic investigations involving sound, what type of recording format is known for capturing a continuous variation in sound waves, making it suitable for high-quality audio recordings?

Explanation

WAV is an uncompressed, lossless digital audio format that represents continuous analog sound waves with high fidelity using pulse-code modulation (PCM), making it standard for forensic audio analysis.

ڈبلیو اے وی (WAV) فارمیٹ آواز کی لہروں کو بنا کسی کمپریشن کے ریکارڈ کرتا ہے، جو فارنزک آڈیو تجزیے کے لیے بہترین اور معیاری مانا جاتا ہے۔

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132📚🔢 MathCement Analysis

When identifying adulterated cement in forensic analysis, what specific property is often assessed to determine the quality and purity of the cement sample?

Explanation

Adulteration of cement (usually with clay, fly ash, or stone dust) alters its physical properties, most notably its density. Comparing the density of a questioned sample against standard cement helps detect adulteration.

ملاوٹ شدہ سیمنٹ کی جانچ کے لیے اکثر اس کی کثافت (Density) کا موازنہ کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ اضافی مٹی یا پاؤڈر ملانے سے سیمنٹ کی کثافت بدل جاتی ہے۔

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133📚🔢 MathMechanical Properties

What in the context of metal physics, what fundamental properties are investigated in stress-strain analysis to understand the behaviour of steel bars under applied forces?

Explanation

Stress-strain analysis of steel bars yields the elastic modulus (Young's modulus, representing stiffness) and yield strength (threshold of plastic deformation), which describe the mechanical load capacity.

اسٹیل کے سریوں پر دباؤ اور تناؤ کے تجزیے (stress-strain analysis) سے ان کے لچکدار ماڈیولس اور حاصل قوت (Elastic modulus and yield strength) کا پتا لگایا جاتا ہے۔

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134📚⚛️ PhysicsPhotography Chemistry

In traditional film photography, which chemical is commonly used during the development process to make the latent image visible?

Explanation

The developer chemically reduces exposed silver halide crystals in the film emulsion to metallic silver, converting the invisible latent image into a visible metallic silver image.

روایتی فلم فوٹوگرافی میں، ڈیولپر (Developer) کیمیکل کا استعمال غیر مرئی تصویر (latent image) کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔

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135📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Photography

In a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera, what role does the mirror mechanism play during the image capture process?

Explanation

Before the exposure begins, the reflex mirror is down, redirecting the light coming through the lens up into the pentaprism and optical viewfinder. During exposure, it swings up to let light hit the sensor.

ڈی ایس ایل آر کیمرے میں تصویر کھینچنے سے پہلے آئینے کا نظام روشنی کو آپٹیکل ویو فائنڈر (Redirects light to the viewfinder) کی طرف بھیجتا ہے۔

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136📚⚛️ PhysicsQuantum Physics

What is the term for the set of rules governing the allowed transitions between different electronic states in an atom during emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation?

Explanation

Selection rules are quantum mechanical rules (based on transition dipole moments) that define which electronic transitions are allowed or forbidden during absorption/emission.

ایٹم میں مختلف الیکٹران مداروں کے درمیان منتقلی کے قوانین کو سلیکشن رولز (Selection rules) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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137📚⚛️ PhysicsX-Ray Crystallography

What could be a possible explanation for the broadening of the peaks in an X Ray diffraction pattern?

Explanation

Peak broadening in XRD is caused by small crystallite size, microstrain/defects, and instrumental factors. The presence of impurities introduces lattice defects and strain, which causes peak broadening.

ایکس رے ڈفریکشن (XRD) پیٹرن میں چوٹیوں کے چوڑا ہونے (broadening) کی وجہ کرسٹل میں خرابی، مائیکرو اسٹرین یا ناخالصیوں کی موجودگی (Presence of impurities) ہوسکتی ہے۔

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138📚⚛️ PhysicsFTIR Spectroscopy

A lab is analysing a substance suspected to contain multiple functional groups. Which type of infrared spectroscopy is more suitable for identifying and characterizing complex mixtures?

Explanation

Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is far superior to dispersive IR due to Fellgett's (multiplex) and Jacquinot's (throughput) advantages, allowing rapid, highly sensitive scan accumulation for complex mixtures.

پیچیدہ مرکبات کی تیز اور حساس جانچ کے لیے ایف ٹی آئی آر (FTIR) سپیکٹروسکوپی ڈسپرسیو کے مقابلے میں زیادہ موزوں ہے۔

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139📚⚛️ PhysicsSpectrometry Analysis

A scientist is analysing a mixture of two compounds using IR spectroscopy and observes overlapping peaks in the spectrum. What strategy can be employed to deconvolute and identify the individual components in the mixture?

Explanation

Overlapping peaks can be resolved by mathematical or chemometric methods, such as Fourier self-deconvolution, derivative spectroscopy, or multivariate curve resolution.

آپس میں ملے ہوئے سپیکٹرل سگنلز (peaks) کو الگ کرنے کے لیے کیمومیٹرک طریقے جیسے اسپیکٹرل ڈی کنوولیوشن (spectral deconvolution) استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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140📚⚛️ PhysicsAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy

A forensic scientist is conducting quantitative analysis on hair samples containing trace elements using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). What factors should be considered to optimize the heating program for the furnace during the

Explanation

Optimizing the atomization temperature is critical in GFAAS. Too low a temperature results in incomplete atomization (reducing signal), while too high a temperature reduces tube lifetime and causes peak distortion.

جی ایف اے اے ایس (GFAAS) کے دوران تپش کے عمل کو بہتر بنانے کے لیے سب سے اہم عنصر ایٹمائزیشن درجہ حرارت کو موزوں بنانا (Optimize the atomization temperature) ہے۔

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141📚⚛️ PhysicsEvidence Restoration

When restoring evidence on aluminium, what technique is often employed to remove corrosion without causing damage to the underlying material?

Explanation

Chemical passivation uses mild acid solutions (like chromic or nitric acid mixtures) to remove corrosion products from aluminum while forming a protective, non-reactive oxide layer on the metal surface.

ایلومینیم پر زنگ ہٹانے اور دھاتی سطح کو نقصان سے بچانے کے لیے کیمیکل پیسیویشن (Chemical passivation) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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142📚🔢 MathCondensed Matter Physics

In a magnetic material, the exchange interaction energy (J) is calculated as the product of the exchange constant (A) and the square of the average deviation of neighbouring electron spins from their equilibrium positions. If the exchange constant is

2\times10^{-11} \text{ J/m}

and the average deviation is

3\times10^{-9} \text{ m}

, calculate the exchange interaction energy.

Explanation

The exchange interaction energy is

E = A \times d^2 = (2 \times 10^{-11}) \times (3 \times 10^{-9})^2 = 2 \times 10^{-11} \times 9 \times 10^{-18} = 1.8 \times 10^{-28}\text{ J}

.

تبادلے کی توانائی کے فارمولے کے مطابق:

(2 \times 10^{-11}) \times (3 \times 10^{-9})^2 = 1.8 \times 10^{-28}\text{ J}

حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

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143📚⚛️ PhysicsImpression Evidence

For the preservation of tire marks on soft soil, the best way is

Explanation

Three-dimensional tire tracks in soft soil must be documented via scaled photography and preserved by pouring dental stone to create a physical cast.

نرم مٹی پر ٹائروں کے نشانات کو محفوظ کرنے کا سب سے بہتر طریقہ ان کی پیمائشی تصویر لینا اور کاسٹنگ (Photo and Casting - سانچہ بنانا) ہے۔

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144📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History

'Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement?

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942, giving the famous slogan 'Do or Die' during his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.

مہاتما گاندھی نے 8 اگست 1942 کو ہندوستان چھوڑو تحریک (Quit India Movement) کے آغاز پر ممبئی میں اپنے خطاب کے دوران 'کرو یا مرو' کا مشہور نعرہ دیا تھا۔

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145📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity

How many types of Fundamental rights are provided by Indian Constitution?

Explanation

Originally, the Indian Constitution provided seven fundamental rights, but the Right to Property was deleted by the 44th Amendment in 1978. Currently, there are six fundamental rights.

ہندوستانی آئین کے تحت شہریوں کو 6 بنیادی حقوق (Fundamental Rights) فراہم کیے گئے ہیں۔ 1978 میں 44 ویں ترمیم کے ذریعے جائیداد کے حق کو بنیادی حقوق سے خارج کر دیا گیا تھا۔

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146📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity

At present how many Fundamental Duties are in the Constitution of India?

Explanation

Originally, 10 Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002 added the 11th duty, making the current total 11.

آئینِ ہند کے تحت اس وقت 11 بنیادی فرائض (Fundamental Duties) درج ہیں۔ 2002 میں 86 ویں آئینی ترمیم کے ذریعے 11 واں فرض شامل کیا گیا تھا۔

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147📚🌍 General AwarenessScientific Instruments

The instrument used for measuring depth of water table is known as

Explanation

A piezometer is a device used to measure liquid pressure in a system, commonly employed to determine the depth and pressure of groundwater (water table).

پیزومیٹر (Piezometer) وہ آلہ ہے جو زیر زمین پانی کی سطح (depth of water table) اور دباؤ کی پیمائش کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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148📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

The capital of Lakshadweep is

Explanation

Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Port Blair is Andaman and Nicobar's capital, Silvassa is Dadra and Nagar Haveli's capital.

کاواراتی (Kavaratti) لکشدیپ کا دارالحکومت ہے۔ پورٹ بلیئر انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کا دارالحکومت ہے۔

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149📚🗺️ GeographyCensus of India 2011

According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).

2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔

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150📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Constitution

Which Article of the Indian Constitution states the directive principles of state policy on 'Promotion of international peace and security'?

Explanation

Article 51 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to endeavor to promote international peace and security, maintain just and honorable relations between nations, and foster respect for international law.

ہندوستانی آئین کا آرٹیکل 51 بین الاقوامی امن اور سلامتی کو فروغ دینے کے لیے رہنما اصول فراہم کرتا ہے۔

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151📚🧩 ReasoningCoding-Decoding

If BE QUICK is coded as ZC OSGAI, then the code of the last letter of the third word in the sentence I LOVE MY COUNTRY is

Explanation

The coding shifts each letter backward by 2 places (B - 2 = Z, E - 2 = C). In the sentence 'I LOVE MY COUNTRY', the third word is 'MY'. The last letter of 'MY' is 'Y'. Shifting 'Y' backward by 2 places gives 'W'.

کوڈنگ میں ہر حرف کو دو مقام پیچھے لے جایا گیا ہے (B -> Z)۔ جملے کا تیسرا لفظ 'MY' ہے، جس کا آخری حرف 'Y' ہے۔ 'Y' سے دو مقام پیچھے 'W' آتا ہے۔

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152📚💻 ComputerInternet & Security

Digital signature service that has been launched on Aadhar platform is called

Explanation

eSign or eSignDesk is the online electronic signature service in India that allows Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents instantly.

آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر شروع کی گئی ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای سائن ڈیسک (eSignDesk / eSign) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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153📚📝 EnglishArticles

Sarah was excited to visit _____ Eiffel Tower during her trip to Paris.

Explanation

'The' is used before unique geographical monuments (the Eiffel Tower). Names of cities (Paris) do not take an article.

منفرد جغرافیائی یادگاروں (Eiffel Tower) سے پہلے 'the' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ شہروں کے ناموں (Paris) سے پہلے کوئی آرٹیکل نہیں لگتا۔

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154📚📝 EnglishHomophones

Choose the correct homophone to complete the sentence:

During the festival, the groups set up a _____ to rest and socialize, while enjoying their favorite _____ beer under the stars.

Explanation

'Laager' is a camp deﬁned by a ring of wagons or armored vehicles. 'Lager' is a type of beer. Correct order is: laager, lager.

'Laager' کا مطلب ہے خیمہ گاہ یا پڑاؤ۔ 'Lager' ایک قسم کی بیئر ہے۔ صحیح ترتیب ہے: laager, lager۔

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155📚📝 EnglishIdioms

Which sentence expresses the correct meaning of the given idiom: A damp squib

Explanation

A 'damp squib' is a situation or event which is much less impressive, exciting, or successful than expected.

'A damp squib' سے مراد کوئی ایسی چیز یا واقعہ ہے جو امید کے مطابق کامیاب یا پرجوش ثابت نہ ہو (سرد مہری کا شکار)۔

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156📚🗺️ GeographyAgriculture

Which of the following statements regarding crops growing season are NOT correct?

Explanation

Statement C is incorrect because Zaid crops are short summer crops grown mainly in the months of March to June, between the Rabi and Kharif seasons, rather than during the winter months.

بیان C غلط ہے کیونکہ زائد (Zaid) فصلیں موسم گرما (مارچ سے جون) کے دوران اگائی جاتی ہیں نہ کہ سردیوں کے مہینوں میں۔

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157📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Match the hydroelectric power projects in Jammu Kashmir with their corresponding location:

- i) Baglihar Power Project: 1) Indus River in Alchi, Leh
- ii) Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project: 2) Chenab River, Ramban
- iii) Uri Hydroelectric Power Project: 3) Chenab River, Kishtwar
- iv) Nimoo Bazgo Hydroelectric Power Project: 4) Jhelum River, Baramula

Explanation

Baglihar is on the Chenab River in Ramban (i-2), Ratle is on the Chenab River in Kishtwar (ii-3), Uri is on the Jhelum River in Baramula (iii-4), and Nimoo Bazgo is on the Indus River in Leh (iv-1).

بگلیہار چناب ندی، رامبن پر ہے (i-2)؛ رتلے چناب ندی، کشتواڑ پر ہے (ii-3)؛ اوڑی جہلم ندی، بارہمولہ پر ہے (iii-4)؛ اور نیمو بازگو دریائے سندھ، لیہہ پر ہے (iv-1)۔

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158📚📜 HistoryHistory

In which year, the first Legislature of Jammu and Kashmir was established?

Explanation

The first Legislative Assembly (Praja Sabha) of Jammu and Kashmir was established in 1934 AD during the reign of Maharaja Hari Singh.

جموں و کشمیر کی پہلی قانون ساز اسمبلی (پراجا سبھا) مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ کے دور میں 1934ء میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔

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159📚🧩 ReasoningAlphanumeric Series

F2, _____, D8, C16, B32. What term should fill the blank?

Explanation

The letters decrease backward: F -> E -> D -> C -> B. The numbers double: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32. Thus, the missing term is E4.

حروف پیچھے کی طرف گنتی میں ہیں: F -> E -> D -> C -> B اور ہندسے دوگنا ہو رہے ہیں: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32۔ لہذا خالی جگہ پر E4 آئے گا۔

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160📚🔬 Forensic ScienceImage Processing

Which of the following is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?

Explanation

Image acquisition is the first step in image processing because digital processing cannot occur without capturing/loading the image.

امیج پروسیسنگ کا پہلا مرحلہ 'Image acquisition' (تصویر حاصل کرنا) ہے، جس کے بغیر پروسیسنگ شروع نہیں ہو سکتی۔

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161📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science

What is dodging in photography?

Explanation

Dodging reduces the amount of light in a specific area during printing or editing, making that local area lighter. (Burning makes it darker).

فوٹو گرافی میں 'Dodging' سے مراد تصویر کے کسی مخصوص حصے کو ایڈٹ یا پرنٹ کے وقت ہلکا (lighter) کرنا ہے۔

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162📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Constitution

The right to move freely throughout the territory of India comes under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

Explanation

The right to move freely throughout the territory of India is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(d) as a Fundamental Right.

پورے ہندوستان میں آزادانہ نقل و حرکت کا حق آئین ہند کے آرٹیکل 19 (دفعہ 19) کے تحت ایک بنیادی حق کے طور پر فراہم کیا گیا ہے۔

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163📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCybersecurity

Which territory has banned popular apps like WhatsApp, WeChat, and Google Drive from government computers due to cybersecurity concerns?

Explanation

In 2024, Hong Kong's Digital Policy Office directed government departments to block staff from accessing services like WhatsApp, WeChat, and Google Drive on office computers due to cybersecurity risks.

ہانگ کانگ (Hong Kong) نے 2024 میں سائبر سیکیورٹی خطرات کی وجہ سے سرکاری کمپیوٹرز پر واٹس ایپ، وی چیٹ اور گوگل ڈرائیو جیسی ایپس کے استعمال پر پابندی لگا دی تھی۔

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164📚🗺️ GeographyJ&K Geography

Which of the following rivers are allocated to India for exclusive use under the Indus Water Treaty?

Explanation

Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the water of the three Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas) is allocated to India for unrestricted use.

1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے (Indus Water Treaty) کے تحت مشرقی دریاؤں یعنی راوی، ستلج اور بیاس کے پانی کے استعمال کے حقوق ہندوستان کو تفویض کیے گئے ہیں۔

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165📚🌍 General AwarenessJ&K Power Projects

Ratle Hydroelectric Power Corporation is a joint venture between which two entities?

Explanation

Ratle Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited (RHPCL) is a joint venture company incorporated in 2021 between NHPC (51%) and JKSPDC (49%) to implement the 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project on Chenab River.

رتلے ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک پاور کارپوریشن لمیٹڈ (RHPCL) چناب ندی پر واقع ہے اور یہ نیشنل ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک پاور کارپوریشن (NHPC) اور جموں و کشمیر اسٹیٹ پاور ڈیولپمنٹ کارپوریشن (JKSPDC) کا مشترکہ منصوبہ ہے۔

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166📚🌍 General AwarenessJ&K Culture

In which months is Jhiri Mela celebrated each year?

Explanation

The Jhiri Mela is held annually in October-November (during Kartik Poornima) in Jhiri village near Jammu, commemorating the martyrdom of Baba Jitto.

جھڑی میلہ (Jhiri Mela) بابا جتو کی یاد میں ہر سال جموں کے قریب جھڑی گاؤں میں اکتوبر اور نومبر (کارتک پورنیما) کے مہینے میں منایا جاتا ہے۔

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167📚🌍 General AwarenessJ&K Infrastructure

Consider the following statements.
I) The Banihal Qazigund Tunnel renamed as Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel.
II) It is India's longest transportation railway tunnel measuring 11.2 km long.
Choose the correct option.

Explanation

Both statements are incorrect. The Chenani-Nashri Road Tunnel (9.28 km) was renamed as Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (not Banihal-Qazigund Road Tunnel, which is 8.45 km). The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel (11.2 km) is a railway tunnel, whereas the Banihal-Qazigund road tunnel is for road transport.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں۔ چنانی ناشری ٹنل کو ڈاکٹر شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل کا نام دیا گیا ہے (نہ کہ بانہال قاضی گنڈ کو)۔ اور 11.2 کلومیٹر لمبی ٹنل پیر پنچال ریلوے ٹنل ہے، بانہال قاضی گنڈ روڈ ٹنل 8.45 کلومیٹر لمبی روڈ ٹنل ہے۔

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168📚🔢 MathAverages

Four years ago, the average age of a family of four persons was 18 years. During this period, a baby was born. Today if the average age of the family is still 18 years, the age of the baby is

Explanation

Sum of age of 4 persons 4 years ago = 4 18 = 72 years. Today, their age sum increases by 4 4 = 16 years, making it 88 years. Today, there are 5 family members and their average age is 18, so total sum = 5 * 18 = 90 years. Baby's age = 90 - 88 = 2 years.

چار سال پہلے 4 افراد کی کل عمر = 4 * 18 = 72 سال۔ آج ان کی کل عمر = 72 + 16 = 88 سال ہوگی۔ اب خاندان میں 5 افراد ہیں اور اوسط عمر اب بھی 18 سال ہے، یعنی کل عمر = 90 سال۔ بچے کی عمر = 90 - 88 = 2 سال ہے۔

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169📚💻 ComputerCybersecurity

Select the correct match:

i. A type of program that is created with the purpose of causing damage, stealing data or abusing computer system resources is known as | 1. Privacy
ii. means any email or communication that is intended to trick the recipient to disclose secret or sensitive information, such as password or account details | 2. Malware
iii. Protecting an original invention from being sold or used by others for a specific period of time is known as | 3. Phishing
iv. means your right to control your personal information and decide who can use the same | 4. Patents

Explanation

Damaging software is Malware (i-2). Trick communication is Phishing (ii-3). Invention protection is Patents (iii-4). Control over personal information is Privacy (iv-1). This corresponds to i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1.

درست مماثلت یہ ہے: نقصان پہنچانے والا سافٹ ویئر مالویئر ہے (i-2)، معلومات چرانے والا فریب فیشنگ ہے (ii-3)، ایجاد کا تحفظ پیٹنٹ ہے (iii-4) اور ذاتی معلومات کا کنٹرول پرائیویسی ہے (iv-1)۔ یہ ترتیب i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1 بنتی ہے۔

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170📚📝 EnglishIdioms

Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/ Phrase.

To let off steam, my friend started murmuring.

Explanation

To 'let off steam' is an idiom meaning to do or say something that helps you get rid of strong feelings or energy (releasing tension/anger/frustration).

محاورہ 'let off steam' کا مطلب ہے اپنے غصے، پریشانی یا بوجھ کو ہلکا کرنا (ٹینشن کو دور کرنا)۔

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171📚📡 Electronics & TelecomIndus Water Treaty

Which river is primarily allocated to Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty?

Explanation

Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, three western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—were primarily allocated to Pakistan, while three eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—were allocated to India.

1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے کے تحت تین مغربی دریاؤں (سندھ، جہلم اور چناب) کا پانی پاکستان کو اور تین مشرقی دریاؤں (راوی، بیاس اور ستلج) کا پانی بھارت کو تفویض کیا گیا تھا۔

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172📚🗺️ GeographyDams & Rivers

Match the following Dams to the rivers on which it is situated:

| Dam | River |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Sardar Sarovar | i. Mahanadi |
| 2. Hirakud | ii. Periyar |
| 3. Bhakra Nangal | iii. Narmada |
| 4. Idukki | iv. Sutlej |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matching is: Sardar Sarovar - Narmada (1-iii), Hirakud - Mahanadi (2-i), Bhakra Nangal - Sutlej (3-iv), and Idukki - Periyar (4-ii). This matches option A.

درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: سردار سروور - نرمدا (1-iii)، ہیراکڈ - مہاندی (2-i)، بھاکڑہ نانگل - ستلج (3-iv)، اور ادوکی - پیریار (4-ii)۔ یہ ترتیب آپشن A ہے۔

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173📚🗺️ GeographyDams & Rivers

Of the following, which is India's highest dam?

Explanation

Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand is the highest dam in India, standing at a height of 260.5 meters on the Bhagirathi River. Nurek Dam is in Tajikistan.

اتراکھنڈ میں واقع ٹہری ڈیم (Tehri Dam) بھارت کا سب سے اونچا ڈیم ہے، جس کی اونچائی دریائے بھاگیرتھی پر 260.5 میٹر ہے۔

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174📚📡 Electronics & TelecomIndus Water Treaty

In which year, Indus Water Treaty was signed?

Explanation

The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan.

سندھ طاس معاہدے (Indus Water Treaty) پر 19 ستمبر 1960 کو کراچی میں دستخط کیے گئے تھے۔

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175📚🧩 ReasoningCoding-Decoding

If in a certain language PROSE is coded as PPOQE, how is LIGHT coded in that code?

Explanation

The pattern is: odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th) remain unchanged (P->P, O->O, E->E), while even positions (2nd, 4th) are shifted 2 letters backward (R - 2 = P, S - 2 = Q). Applying this to LIGHT: L->L, I-2->G, G->G, H-2->F, T->T. Result: LGGFT.

پیٹرن یہ ہے: طاق پوزیشنوں (1st, 3rd, 5th) کے حروف تبدیل نہیں ہوتے، جبکہ جفت پوزیشنوں (2nd, 4th) کے حروف 2 مقام پیچھے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ اس اصول کے تحت LIGHT کا کوڈ LGGFT بنے گا۔

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176📚📡 Electronics & TelecomMultiplexing

In time-division-multiplexing, each multiplexed signal occupies

Explanation

In Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), different signals are allocated different time slots. During its allocated time slot, each signal occupies the entire transmission bandwidth.

ٹائم ڈویژن ملٹی پلیکسنگ (TDM) میں، ہر سگنل کو ایک مخصوص وقت کا وقفہ ملتا ہے۔ اپنے مخصوص وقت کے دوران، سگنل پوری ٹرانسمیشن بینڈوتھ (Entire Transmission Bandwidth) کو استعمال کرتا ہے۔

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177📚💻 ComputerComputer Hardware & Software

Match List-I with List-II and Select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

List - I:
i. Operating System
ii. Input Device
iii. Output Device

List - II:
1. Scanning Devices
2. Security Management
3. Projectors

Explanation

Operating System handles security management (i-2), Input Device includes scanning devices (ii-1), and Output Device includes projectors (iii-3). This matches option C.

درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: آپریٹنگ سسٹم - سیکیورٹی مینجمنٹ (i-2)، ان پٹ ڈیوائس - اسکیننگ ڈیوائسز (ii-1)، آؤٹ پٹ ڈیوائس - پروجیکٹر (iii-3)۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔

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178📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History

Who among the following is the founder of the Theosophical Society?

Explanation

The Theosophical Society was founded in New York in 1875 by Madame Helena Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, and others.

تھیوسوفیکل سوسائٹی کی بنیاد 1875 میں نیویارک میں میڈم ہیلینا بلاواتسکی اور کرنل ہنری اسٹیل اولکاٹ نے رکھی تھی۔

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179📚🧬 BiologyPlaces & Administration

Match the following tourist/cultural titles of J&K with their correct districts:

P. Chhota Kashi - Samba
Q. Land of Devika - Udhampur
R. District of Lakes - Ganderbal
S. Land of Springs - Anantnag

Explanation

Chhota Kashi refers to Purmandal (Samba - iii), Land of Devika is Udhampur (i), District of Lakes is Ganderbal (ii), and Land of Springs is Anantnag (iv). This matches option A.

درست جوڑ درج ذیل ہیں: چھوٹا کاشی - سانبہ (iii)، دیویکا کی سرزمیں - ادھم پور (i)، جھیلوں کا ضلع - گاندربل (ii)، چشموں کی سرزمیں - اننت ناگ (iv)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔

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180📚📜 HistoryAncient Indian History

Which of the following animals was absent in the terracotta art of the Indus Valley Civilization?

Explanation

While humped bulls, elephants, dogs, and cats were depicted in terracotta figurines, cows were not represented in terracotta art of the Indus Valley Civilization.

وادی سندھ کی تہذیب کے مٹی کے فن پارے (Terracotta) میں کوہان والے سانڈ، ہاتھی، کتے اور بلیوں کے نقش ملتے ہیں، لیکن گائے کا کوئی نمونہ نہیں ملا۔

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181📚📜 HistoryAncient Indian History

Find the correct chronological (increasing/historical timeline) order of the reigns of the following rulers:

P) Chandragupta I of the Guptas
Q) Kanishka of the Kushanas
R) Simuka of the Satavahanas
S) Rudradaman of the Shakas

Explanation

Simuka founded Satavahanas (c. 1st century BC - R), Kanishka ruled Kushanas (c. 127 AD - Q), Rudradaman of Shakas ruled (c. 130 AD - S), and Chandragupta I ruled Guptas (c. 319 AD - P). Hence, the chronological order is RQSP.

سیموکا (R) قبل مسیح میں تھے، کینشکا (Q) تقریباً 127 عیسوی، ردرا دمن (S) تقریباً 130 عیسوی، اور چندرگپت اول (P) 319 عیسوی میں تخت نشین ہوئے۔ اس لیے تاریخی ترتیب RQSP ہے۔

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182📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringWater Duty

"Duty on capacity" is also called

Explanation

In irrigation engineering, 'Duty on capacity' is defined as the duty of water at the head of a canal during full supply. It is also known as the Full Supply Coefficient.

آبپاشی انجینئرنگ میں، کینال کے ہیڈ پر فل سپلائی کے دوران پانی کے فرض کو 'ڈیوٹی آن کیپیسٹی' کہا جاتا ہے۔ اسے فل سپلائی کوایفیشینٹ (Full supply coefficient) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔

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183📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringEstimating & Costing

The unit of payment of cement concrete in foundation is

Explanation

Cement concrete in foundation is a volumetric bulk work and is paid per cubic meter (per cum). Thinner concrete works like damp-proof course (DPC) are paid per square meter (sqm).

بنیاد (Foundation) میں سیمنٹ کنکریٹ کے کام کی پیمائش کیوبک میٹر (Per cum) میں کی جاتی ہے اور ادائیگی بھی اسی کے مطابق ہوتی ہے۔ ڈی پی سی جیسے پتلے کاموں کی ادائیگی مربع میٹر میں ہوتی ہے۔

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184📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringGeodetic Surveying

In great survey networks, typically

Explanation

In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.

بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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185📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringLevelling Instruments

The test used to check the collimation error in a level is

Explanation

The Two-Peg Test is a standard procedure used to check and adjust the collimation error in a level (ensuring the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble is centered).

لیولنگ انسٹرومنٹ میں کولیمیشن کی غلطی (collimation error) کو چیک کرنے اور درست کرنے کے لیے 'ٹو پیگ ٹیسٹ' (Two peg test) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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186📚🧬 BiologyDrawing Instruments

Which grade of pencil is used for drawing arrowheads?

Explanation

A hard pencil grade such as 2H is recommended for drawing arrowheads, dimension lines, extension lines, and section lines. It maintains a sharp point, ensuring crisp and clean lines. (Softer pencils like H/HB are used for lettering and outlines).

ایرو ہیڈز (arrowheads)، ڈائمینشن اور سیکشن لائنوں کے لیے 2H گریڈ کی پنسل استعمال کی جاتی ہے، کیونکہ یہ سخت ہوتی ہے اور اس کی نوک باریک رہتی ہے جس سے لائنیں صاف بنتی ہیں۔

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187📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringLime & Mortar

The commonly used lime for works under water or in damp situation is

Explanation

Eminently hydraulic lime contains a high percentage of clay (20-30%) and is capable of setting underwater or in damp conditions. It is used for structural works under water or in damp foundations.

پانی کے نیچے یا نم جگہوں پر کام کے لیے 'ایمینینٹلی ہائیڈرولک لائم' (Eminently hydraulic lime) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ اس میں مٹی کی مقدار زیادہ ہوتی ہے جو اسے پانی کے نیچے جمنے کی صلاحیت دیتی ہے۔

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188📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Principles

In plane surveying,

Explanation

In plane surveying, the mean surface of the earth is treated as a plane surface, and the curvature of the earth is neglected. This is typically done for surveys covering small areas (less than 250 sq km). Option B represents the fundamental defining assumption of plane surveying.

پلین سروے (Plane surveying) میں زمین کی مہراب دار سطح کو ہموار سمجھا جاتا ہے اور زمین کی گولائی (curvature) کو نظر انداز کر دیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ عام طور پر چھوٹے علاقوں کے سروے کے لیے ہوتا ہے۔

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189📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringContouring

Contour lines cross ridge or valley lines at

Explanation

Contour lines intersect ridge lines and valley lines perpendicularly (i.e. at 90°). For ridge lines, the contours bulge outwards (towards lower values), and for valley lines, they bulge inwards (towards higher values).

کونٹور لائنیں (Contour lines) رج اور ویلی لائنوں کو ہمیشہ 90° کے زاویے پر کاٹتی ہیں۔ رج لائنوں پر یہ باہر کی طرف اور ویلی لائنوں پر اندر کی طرف مڑتی ہیں۔

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190📚🧬 BiologyCanal Structures

Cross regulators are provided in canals for which of the following purposes?

Explanation

Cross regulators are built across a parent canal to: 1. Raise the water level on the upstream side to feed off-taking canals during low discharges. 2. Stop flow downstream for repairs. 3. Control and absorb fluctuations in the canal system.

نہروں میں کراس ریگولیٹرز (Cross regulators) کا کام کم ڈسچارج کے وقت پانی کی سطح کو بڑھانا، نیچے کی طرف پانی بند کرنا، اور نہر کے نظام میں پانی کے اتار چڑھاؤ کو کنٹرول کرنا ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے تمام جوابات درست ہیں۔

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191📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBricks

Choose the right sequence of stages during burning/firing of bricks is

Explanation

The firing of bricks follows these sequential stages: 1. Dehydration (or water smoking, up to 650°C) to remove moisture. 2. Oxidation (650°C - 900°C) to burn organic matters. 3. Vitrification (900°C - 1100°C) where clay particles fuse into a glassy mass. 4. Cooling.

اینٹوں کے پکنے کا درست تسلسل ہے: 1. پانی کا اخراج (Dehydration)، 2. آکسیڈیشن (Oxidation - نامیاتی مادوں کا جلنا)، 3. وِٹری فیکیشن (Vitrification - گلاس جیسا سخت بننا)، 4. ٹھنڈا ہونا (Cooling)۔ اس لیے آپشن A درست ہے۔

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192📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Instruments

Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:

Explanation

The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.

درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔

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193📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBridge Engineering

Match the bridge-related term with its description:
1. Component Parts of a Bridge - c. Different elements that together make up a complete bridge structure.
2. Culverts - b. Small structures allowing water to flow under roads or railways.
3. Bridge Location - d. Determining suitable placement for constructing a bridge.
4. Tunnel Rules - a. Guidelines specifying sizes of various bridge elements.
Choose the correctly matched option:

Explanation

The correct matches are: Component parts (1-c), Culverts (2-b) representing drainage structure with span < 6m; Bridge Location (3-d) to find the site alignment; Tunnel Rules (4-a) as standard regulatory guidelines. This yields 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a.

درست مماثلت: پل کے حصے (1-c)، پلیاں/کلورٹ (2-b)، پل کی جگہ (3-d) اور سرنگ کے قوانین (4-a) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست جواب ہے۔

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194📚⚗️ ChemistryCement Testing

The IS sieve which is used for measuring the fineness of cement is

Explanation

According to IS 4031-Part 1, the fineness of cement is tested by dry sieving using a 90-micron (IS Sieve No. 9) sieve. The residue should not exceed 10% for ordinary Portland cement.

سیمنٹ کی باریکی (fineness) کو ماپنے کے لیے 90 مائیکرون (90 micron - IS Sieve No. 9) کی چھلنی استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ OPC کے لیے چھلنی پر بچا ہوا سیمنٹ 10٪ سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

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195📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringDams

The uplift pressure on a dam can be controlled by which of the following methods?
i) Constructing cut-off under upstream face
ii) Constructing drainage channels between the dam and its foundation
iii) By pressure grouting in foundation
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Uplift pressure on a gravity dam is controlled by: 1. Upstream cut-off walls (reduces seepage head). 2. Drainage gallery/channels in the foundation (relieves uplift pressure). 3. Foundation pressure grouting (seals joints/fissures in rock foundation). Thus, all three methods are effective.

ڈیم پر پانی کے نیچے سے لگنے والے بوجھ (uplift pressure) کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے: اپ اسٹریم پر کٹ آف بنانا، ڈیم اور فاؤنڈیشن کے درمیان ڈرینیج گیلری بنانا اور بنیاد میں پریشر گراؤٹنگ کرنا، یہ تینوں طریقے استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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196📚🚦 Driving & TrafficTraffic Rules & Regulations

When a vehicle is parked on the road side after 11 pm

Explanation

When a vehicle is parked on a road or public place at night or during hours of darkness (such as after 11 pm) without adequate street lighting, the parking lights or hazard warning lights must be left on to alert other road users.

جب گاڑی رات کے وقت (جیسے کہ رات 11 بجے کے بعد) سڑک کے کنارے پارک کی جائے تو پارکنگ لائٹس کو روشن رکھنا ضروری ہے تاکہ دوسرے مسافروں کو خبردار کیا جا سکے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

197📚🚦 Driving & TrafficAccident Duties & M.V. Act

What you do when any property of a third party is damaged due to an accident

Explanation

Under Section 134(b) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, the driver of the vehicle must report the accident and any damage caused to third-party property to the nearest police station within 24 hours.

موٹر وہیکل ایکٹ 1988 کی دفعہ 134(ب) کے تحت، حادثے کی صورت میں اگر کسی تیسرے فریق کی املاک کو نقصان پہنچے، تو ڈرائیور کو 24 گھنٹے کے اندر قریبی پولیس اسٹیشن میں رپورٹ کرنی چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

198📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety

Which safety device should be used while driving a four-wheeler?

Explanation

A seatbelt is the primary mandatory occupant restraint safety device designed to be worn in four-wheelers to prevent injury during collisions.

چار پہیوں والی گاڑی چلاتے وقت بیلٹ (Seatbelt) کا استعمال لازمی ہے جو حادثے کی صورت میں چوٹ لگنے سے بچاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

199📚🚗 AutomotiveEmergency Procedures

Arrange the following steps in a correct sequence, when a motor vehicle breaks down at night:
(i) Apply brakes, (ii) Slow down the vehicle, (iii) Turn on hazardous warning light, (iv) Get out from the vehicle.

Explanation

The correct safety sequence during a breakdown at night is: first slow down the vehicle (ii), safely apply brakes to stop (i), immediately turn on hazard warning lights to warn others (iii), and then carefully exit the vehicle (iv).

خرابی کی صورت میں صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے رفتار کم کریں (ii)، بریک لگا کر روکیں (i)، ہنگامی انتباہی لائٹس آن کریں (iii) اور پھر گاڑی سے باہر نکلیں (iv)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

200📚⚛️ PhysicsReflectance & Pavements

During night driving which type of pavement has more visibility?

Explanation

Concrete pavements are lighter in color and have higher retro-reflectance properties than dark blacktop bituminous/asphalt pavements, providing better contrast and visibility under vehicle headlights at night.

کنکریٹ کے فرش (Concrete pavement) ہلکے رنگ کے ہوتے ہیں، جو تاریک اسفالٹ کے مقابلے میں ہیڈلائٹ کی روشنی کو بہتر منعکس کرتے ہیں اور رات میں زیادہ نظر آتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

201📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics of Braking

What is the fundamental principle on which breaking system work?

Explanation

Brakes function on the principle of friction. Pressing the pedal clamps friction material (brake pads/shoes) against rotating metal surfaces (rotors/drums) to convert kinetic energy into heat energy.

گاڑی کا بریکنگ سسٹم رگڑ (Friction) کے بنیادی اصول پر کام کرتا ہے، جو متحرک پہیوں کو روکنے کے لیے مزاحمت پیدا کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

202📚🚗 AutomotiveVehicle Systems

What does abbreviation "ABS." of a motor vehicle mean?

Explanation

ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System, an safety anti-skid system that prevents wheels from locking up during hard braking.

گاڑیوں کے سلسلے میں 'ABS' کا مطلب اینٹی لاک بریکنگ سسٹم (Anti-lock braking system) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

203📚🚗 AutomotiveNoise Pollution & Regulations

Maximum permissible noise level recommended as per central motor vehicle rules 1989, for passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kgs, is

Explanation

Under the CMVR, 1989, the maximum permissible noise level at the manufacturing stage for passenger or commercial vehicles with a GVW exceeding 12000 kgs is 89 dB(A).

موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، 12000 کلوگرام سے زائد وزن والی گاڑیوں کے شور کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد 89 ڈیسیبل یعنی 89db(A) ہونی چاہیے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

204📚📊 EconomicsVehicle Insurance

Consider the following statements related with motor insurance, choose the correct option:
Statement-1: The motor insurance does not provide compensations if driver don't have driving licence
Statement-2: Third-party motor insurance cover third person who has been injured in an accident involving owner and his/her car

Explanation

Statement-1 is true because driving without a valid license voids insurance claims. Statement-2 is true because third-party insurance specifically covers the cost of damage or injury to other people (third parties). Both statements are true.

پہلا بیان سچ ہے کیونکہ لائسنس کے بغیر دعویٰ رد ہو جاتا ہے۔ دوسرا بیان بھی سچ ہے کیونکہ تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس دوسرے فریق کے نقصان کی تلافی کرتی ہے۔ دونوں سچ ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department

205📚🧬 BiologyFish Taxonomy

The order of catfishes is

Explanation

Catfishes belong to the order Siluriformes. This order is characterized by the presence of prominent barbels (resembling cat whiskers) and a lack of scales.

کیٹ فش (Catfish) کا تعلق آرڈر Siluriformes سے ہے۔ اس گروپ کی نمایاں خصوصیات میں حساس باربلز (مونچھیں) اور جسم پر سکیلز (Scales) کی غیر موجودگی شامل ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

206📚🧬 BiologyMolecular Biology

The correct order of steps in DNA isolation are

Explanation

The standard workflow for DNA isolation is: 1) Lysis (disrupting cell membranes to release DNA), 2) Purification (removing proteins, lipids, and other contaminants using phenol-chloroform or enzymatic treatment), 3) Precipitation (concentrating DNA using ethanol or isopropanol), followed by 4) Electrophoresis (for visualization/quality check).

ڈی این اے کی تنہائی (DNA Isolation) کے درست اقدامات: 1) لیسس (Lysis - خلیے کو توڑنا)، 2) پیوریفیکیشن (Purification - پروٹین اور چکنائی کو ہٹانا)، 3) پریسپیٹیشن (Precipitation - الکحل کے ذریعے ڈی این اے کو نیچے بٹھانا) اور 4) الیکٹروفورسس (Electrophoresis - جانچنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

207📚🧬 BiologyCell Biology

In the cell cycle, DNA replication is followed by........

Explanation

In the eukaryotic cell cycle, DNA replication occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase. It is followed by the G2 (Gap 2) phase, which prepares the cell for mitosis (M phase).

سیل سائیکل میں، ڈی این اے کی نقل (DNA Replication) ایس (S) فیز میں ہوتی ہے، جس کے فوراً بعد جی 2 (G2) فیز آتا ہے جو خلیے کو تقسیم (M phase) کے لیے تیار کرتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

208📚🧬 BiologyLakes & Waterbodies

Which of the following statements are true?
a. Wular Lake is an example of tectonic lake
b. Dal lake is an example of crater lake
c. Surinsar-Mansar lakes are Ramsar sites
d. Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake

Explanation

Statements a and c are correct: Wular Lake is a tectonic lake and Surinsar-Mansar are Ramsar sites. Statements b (Dal Lake is a crater lake) and d (Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake) are false. Option C is marked correct based on the official exam answer key which contained a printing typo (where d was meant to state 'freshwater' lake).

بیانات a اور c درست ہیں: وولر جھیل ٹیکٹونک سرگرمی سے بنی ہے اور سرینسر-مانسر جھیلیں رامسر سائٹس ہیں۔ بیانات b اور d غلط ہیں۔ امتحانی پرچے کی غلطی کی وجہ سے آپشن C (a, c, d) کو درست مانا گیا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

209📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

Which of the following is NOT a lagoon?

Explanation

Periyar Lake is a freshwater artificial reservoir created by the construction of the Mullaperiyar Dam on the Periyar River. Vembanad, Chilika, and Pulicat are coastal brackish water lagoons.

پیریاڑ جھیل (Periyar Lake) ایک مصنوعی میٹھے پانی کا ذخیرہ ہے جو ڈیم بنانے سے وجود میں آیا، جبکہ ویمباناد، چلکا اور پلیکٹ ساحلی کھارے پانی کی جھیلیں (Lagoons) ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

210📚🧬 BiologyLimnology

Streams that flow only during and immediately after rain are

Explanation

Ephemeral streams flow briefly only during and immediately after periods of precipitation. Intermittent streams flow regularly during wet seasons when fed by groundwater.

ایسے ندیاں اور نالے جو صرف بارش کے دوران یا بارش کے فوراً بعد بہتے ہیں، انہیں عارضی یا ایفیمیرل ندیاں (Ephemeral Streams) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

211📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture

Hypophysation success in IMCs was achieved by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K. H. Alikunhi for the first time in the year

Explanation

Hypophysation (induced breeding of carps using pituitary gland extracts) was successfully achieved for the first time in Indian Major Carps (IMCs) by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K.H. Alikunhi on July 10, 1957 at Cuttack.

ہندوستانی بڑی کارپ مچھلیوں (IMCs) میں پٹیوٹری گلینڈ کے عرق سے مصنوعی انڈے دلوانے کا کامیاب تجربہ (Hypophysation) پہلی بار ہیرا لال چودھری اور کے-ایچ الیکونہی نے 1957 میں کیا تھا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

212📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture

Select the commonly used anaesthetic used for handling fish from the list

Explanation

Tricaine methanesulfonate (also known as MS-222) is the most widely used and FDA-approved chemical anaesthetic used for sedating and handling fish during sampling or transport.

مچھلیوں کو پکڑنے، ان کا معائنہ کرنے یا منتقلی کے دوران بے ہوش کرنے کے لیے عام طور پر استعمال ہونے والا کیمیکل ٹرائیکین میتھین سلفونیٹ (MS-222) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

213📚🧬 BiologyFish Processing

Fish used for preparation of surimi in India

Explanation

Nemipterus japonicus (Japanese threadfin bream, locally called pink perch) is the major fish species utilized for the commercial production of surimi (fish paste) in India due to its excellent gel-forming capacity.

ہندوستان میں سوریمی (Surimi - مچھلی کا پیسٹ) بنانے کے لیے سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والی مچھلی نیمیپٹیرس جاپونیکس (Nemipterus japonicus - پنک پرچ) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

214📚🧬 BiologyFish Processing

Which of the following statements are true regarding GMP?
a. Fishes caught at different times are mixed and chilled immediately
b. Fishes of all sizes are chilled /pre-processed together
c. Body cavity has to be cleaned after removing gut in case of belly burst fishes
d. Fish should be handled on platforms and not on grounds

Explanation

Statements c and d are true. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) require that belly-burst fish have their body cavities washed thoroughly to remove digestive enzymes and contaminants, and fish must be handled on clean platforms rather than the bare ground to prevent contamination. Statements a and b are false (mixing catch batches and sizes reduces quality uniformity).

بیانات c اور d درست ہیں۔ اچھی مینوفیکچرنگ کی پریکٹسز (GMP) کے مطابق مچھلیوں کو ننگے فرش کے بجائے صاف ستھرے پلیٹ فارم پر ہینڈل کرنا چاہیے اور ان کی باڈی کیویٹی کو گٹ نکالنے کے بعد اچھی طرح دھونا چاہیے۔ بیانات a اور b غلط ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

215📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture

Kunka is used to measure fish seed in---- technique

Explanation

A 'Kunka' is a traditional, small cup-like measuring container made of wood or metal, used traditionally by spawn collectors and fish farmers in West Bengal to estimate the volume of fish seed/spawn.

کُنکا (Kunka) ماہی پروری کی روایتی (Traditional) تکنیک میں مچھلیوں کے بیج (Spawn/Seed) کو ناپنے کا لکڑی یا دھات کا ایک روایتی چھوٹا برتن ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

216📚🧬 BiologySport Fishing

This is called the 'Best game fish destination

Explanation

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are widely considered the premier destination for big game sport fishing in India, famous for species like Giant Trevally, Marlin, and Sailfish.

جزائر انڈمان اور نکوبار (Andaman and Nicobar) کو ہندوستان میں سمندری کھیل کی مچھلیوں کے شکار (Game Fishing) کا بہترین مقام مانا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department

217📚🗺️ GeographyRivers of J&K

The Kishanganga River is a major tributary of which river system?

Explanation

The Kishanganga River (known as the Neelum River in Pakistan-administered Kashmir) is a major tributary of the Jhelum River, joining it near Muzaffarabad.

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218📚🌍 General AwarenessCulture of J&K

The traditional full-length loose gown worn by people in Kashmir to protect themselves from severe winter cold is called:

Explanation

Pheran is the traditional long, loose cloak worn by men and women in Kashmir, typically made of wool and worn over warm clothing during winter, often with a Kangri underneath.

2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department

219📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity & Constitution

The Right to Education was added as a Fundamental Right under Article 21A by which Constitutional Amendment Act?

Explanation

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, inserted Article 21A, making free and compulsory education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 a Fundamental Right.

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220📚🌍 General AwarenessHydroelectric Projects

The Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project is constructed on which river?

Explanation

The Baglihar Dam is a run-of-the-river power project built on the Chenab River in the Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir.

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221📚📜 HistoryIndian History

Who wrote the famous book 'The Discovery of India' during his imprisonment?

Explanation

The Discovery of India was written by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort from 1942 to 1945.

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222📚🌍 General AwarenessTourism in J&K

Which picturesque tourist destination in Jammu and Kashmir is known as the 'Meadow of Gold'?

Explanation

Sonamarg is known as the 'Meadow of Gold' due to the golden-yellow flowers that bloom in summer and the sunlit snow-capped peaks surrounding it.

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223📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography

The Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water coastal lagoon in India, is located in which state?

Explanation

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India.

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224📚📝 EnglishSynonyms

Choose the synonym of the word 'FRAGILE'.

Explanation

'Fragile' means easily broken or damaged. 'Brittle' is a close synonym, meaning hard but liable to break or shatter easily.

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225📚📝 EnglishAntonyms

Choose the antonym of the word 'GENUINE'.

Explanation

'Genuine' means authentic or real. Its opposite is 'Spurious', which means fake or false.

2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department

226📚💻 ComputerComputer Security

A software program designed to infiltrate, damage, or disable computer systems without the user's consent is called:

Explanation

Malware (short for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.

2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department

227📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceNational Green Tribunal & Constitution

Among the following, which all articles in the Indian constitution are related to National Green Tribunal?
a. Article 24
b. Article 21
c. Article 48 A
d. Article 51-A(g)

Explanation

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under the NGT Act 2010 drawing inspiration from Article 21 (Right to a healthy environment), Article 48A (Duty of the State to protect the environment and forests), and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental duty of citizens to protect nature). Article 24 pertains to the prohibition of child labour in factories.

نیشنل گرین ٹریبونل (NGT) آئین کے آرٹیکل 21، آرٹیکل 48A اور آرٹیکل 51A(g) سے منسلک ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

228📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Chemistry & Characteristics

The characteristics of fresh and septic sewage, respectively are

Explanation

Fresh sewage is slightly alkaline in nature with a typical pH of 7.3 to 7.8. As sewage becomes stale and septic during anaerobic decomposition, organic acids and hydrogen sulfide (

H_2S

) are generated, lowering the pH and making septic sewage acidic.

تازہ سیوریج الکلائن (Alkaline) ہوتا ہے جبکہ سیپٹک سیوریج تیزابی (Acidic) ہو جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

229📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAnaerobic Digestion & Biogas

The main gas liberated from an anaerobic sludge digester is

Explanation

Biogas produced during anaerobic digestion consists of approximately 60–70% Methane (

CH_4

) and 30–40% Carbon Dioxide (

CO_2

), with trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide (

H_2S

) and nitrogen. Methane is the primary and most valuable combustible gas released.

اینیروبک سلج ڈائجیسٹر سے خارج ہونے والی اہم گیس میتھین (Methane -

CH_4

) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

230📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Self-Purification Zones

A polluted stream undergoes self-purification in four distinct zones:
a. Zone of clear water
b. Zone of Active decomposition
c. Zone of degradation
d. Zone of recovery

Explanation

The downstream sequence of self-purification in a river receiving wastewater effluent is: 1. Zone of degradation (c) → 2. Zone of active decomposition (b) → 3. Zone of recovery (d) → 4. Zone of clear water (a). Hence, the correct order is c, b, d, a.

کسی ندی میں گندے پانی کی خود صفائی کے زونز کی درست ترتیب: خرابی کا زون (c) ← فعال سڑن کا زون (b) ← بحالی کا زون (d) ← صاف پانی کا زون (a)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

231📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Process & Methodology

Choose the correct sequence of steps adopted during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

Explanation

The standardized logical sequence of the EIA process is: 1. Screening (determining if EIA is required) → 2. Scoping (identifying key issues & baseline requirements) → 3. Baseline Data Collection → 4. Impact Analysis & Mitigation → 5. Public Hearing / Consultation → 6. Decision Making & Environmental Clearance.

EIA کا صحیح سلسلہ: اسکریننگ ← اسکوپنگ ← ڈیٹا کا حصول ← اثرات کا تجزیہ ← عوامی سماعت ← فیصلہ سازی۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

232📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Screening Criteria

Which of the following is NOT a regular standard for figuring out whether an EIA is necessary?

Explanation

During the Screening stage of EIA, decision criteria focus strictly on environmental factors: project magnitude/scale, location in ecologically sensitive areas, and technical complexity. Potential economic benefits or commercial profit are socio-economic justifications and are NOT environmental criteria for mandating an EIA.

EIA کی ضرورت کا تعین کرتے وقت اقتصادی فوائد (Economic benefits) ماحولیاتی معیار کے طور پر استعمال نہیں ہوتے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

233📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyImpact Prediction Methodologies

Which of the following is not a material consideration when making impact predictions of environmental damage?

Explanation

When predicting environmental damage and ecological impacts, scientific considerations are duration (time), spatial extent (area), and magnitude (intensity). Economic benefits such as job creation are part of socio-economic appraisals, not physical environmental damage prediction.

ماحولیاتی نقصان کی پیشین گوئی میں ملازمتوں اور معاشی فوائد کو ماحولیاتی نقصان کے پیمانے کے طور پر نہیں دیکھا جاتا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

234📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources

Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of:

Explanation

Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) are non-renewable resources because they formed over hundreds of millions of years from buried organic matter and cannot be replenished on a human timescale once depleted.

کوئلہ، پٹرولیم، اور قدرتی گیس غیر قابل تجدید وسائل (Non-renewable resources) کی مثالیں ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

235📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRadiation Hazards & Health

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of:

Explanation

Ultraviolet radiation (specifically UV-B and UV-A) damages the DNA of skin cells, leading to genetic mutations that substantially increase the risk of skin cancers (including malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) and cataracts.

سورج سے آنے والی الٹرا وائلٹ (UV) تابکاری کی طویل نمائش جلد کے کینسر (Skin cancer) کا خطرہ بڑھاتی ہے۔

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236📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHeavy Metal Ecotoxicology

Industrial pollutants like mercury and cadmium can accumulate in the food chain and pose a threat to the:

Explanation

Heavy metals like mercury (neurotoxin causing Minamata disease, ataxia, tremors) and cadmium bioaccumulate in tissues and severely damage the central nervous system, brain function, and renal tubules.

پارہ اور کیڈمیم جیسے صنعتی زہریلے مادے فوڈ چین میں جمع ہو کر اعصابی نظام (Nervous system) کے لیے سنگین خطرہ بنتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

237📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringAnaerobic Digestion Fundamentals

Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs in the absence of:

Explanation

Anaerobic digestion is a biological process in which specialized obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms break down biodegradable organic matter in the strict absence of dissolved or molecular free oxygen (

O_2

), generating biogas.

اینیروبک ڈائجیسشن (Anaerobic digestion) کا عمل آکسیجن کی غیر موجودگی میں سرانجام پاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

238📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Waste Management

The waste generated by the tannery industry is often characterized by:

Explanation

Tannery industrial effluents are characterized by extremely high organic matter loads (BOD/COD), high total dissolved solids, elevated sulfides, and toxic heavy metals like hexavalent/trivalent Chromium used during leather tanning.

چمڑا سازی کی صنعت (Tannery) کے فضلے میں زیادہ نامیاتی مواد اور زہریلے کیمیکلز (کرومیم وغیرہ) ہوتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

239📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSludge Yield & Loading Parameters

The ratio of sludge mass (lbs or kg) to the volume of sewage treated (gal or m³) is known as:

Explanation

The ratio measuring sludge solids mass relative to sewage volumetric loading is described as the Sludge Loading Rate (SLR) or Solids Volumetric Yield.

سلج کے وزن کا سیوریج کے حجم کے ساتھ تناسب سلج لوڈنگ ریٹ (Sludge Loading Rate) کہلاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

240📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNutrient Removal & Eutrophication

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to prevent:

Explanation

Nitrogen and phosphorus are limiting plant macronutrients. Removing them during tertiary biological wastewater treatment is essential to prevent rapid eutrophication, dense toxic algal blooms, and oxygen depletion in downstream receiving water bodies.

نائٹروجن اور فاسفورس کو صاف کرنا ندی نالوں میں الجی کے پھیلاؤ اور یوٹروفیکیشن کو روکنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

241📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringMass Balance & Process Modeling

The performance of a wastewater treatment system is evaluated by comparing influent and effluent concentrations of pollutants. This comparison is done using:

Explanation

Mass balance analysis (conservation of mass principle:

\text{Mass In} = \text{Mass Out} + \text{Mass Accumulated} - \text{Mass Converted}

) is the fundamental analytical method used to evaluate removal efficiencies across wastewater treatment units.

ٹریٹمنٹ سسٹم کی کارکردگی کا جائزہ لینے کے لیے ماس بیلنس انالیسس (Mass balance analysis) کا طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

242📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityAmmonia Toxicity in Aquatic Systems

Ammonia (NH3) in water can be harmful to aquatic life because it:

Explanation

Un-ionized ammonia (

NH_3

) easily diffuses across the gill membranes of fish and aquatic organisms, where even low concentrations (

> 0.05\text{ mg/L}

) induce cellular damage, disrupt internal organ function, reduce growth, and cause mortality.

امونیا (

NH_3

) زیادہ مقدار میں مچھلیوں اور آبی جانداروں کے لیے انتہائی زہریلا ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

243📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePrecautionary Principle & Jurisprudence

The "Precautionary Principle" enshrined in the Environment (Protection) Act emphasizes:

Explanation

The Precautionary Principle states that where there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective preventive measures.

حفاظتی اصول (Precautionary Principle) ماحولیاتی نقصان کے خطرے کی صورت میں پیشگی حفاظتی اقدامات پر زور دیتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

244📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Planning

Disaster management plans are designed to:

Explanation

Disaster management plans structure preparedness, rapid response, resource mobilization, and recovery strategies to minimize loss of life, injury, and structural damage from major disasters.

ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلانز بڑی ہنگامی صورتحال اور آفات کے منفی اثرات اور نقصانات کو کم کرنے کے لیے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

245📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityChlorination & Chloramines Formation

Consider the following statements:
a. In the disinfection process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
b. In the sedimentation process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
c. In the filtration process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
d. In the skimming process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: During water disinfection with combined chlorine (chloramination), chlorine (

HOCl

) reacts with ammonia (

NH_3

) in water to form chloramines (

NH_2Cl, NHCl_2, NCl_3

) that provide long-lasting residual disinfection.

کلورامین مرکبات جراثیم کشی کے عمل (Disinfection) کے دوران کلورین اور امونیا کے ملاپ سے بنتے ہیں۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

246📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityIS 10500 Water Standards: Fluoride & Coliforms

Consider the following statements:
a. Maximum permissible limit of Fluorides in drinking water is 1.5 ppm
b. E-coli is helpful for water purification.
c. Coliform group bacteria always found in colonies.
d. Maximum permissible limit of Fluorides in drinking water is 0.5 ppm
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: According to Indian Standard IS 10500 and WHO guidelines, the maximum permissible limit of Fluoride in drinking water in the absence of an alternate source is

1.5\text{ ppm}

(

1.5\text{ mg/L}

). Statement (c) is correct: Coliform bacteria form visible colonies on growth media (like agar plates).

پینے کے پانی میں فلورائیڈ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ قابل قبول حد 1.5 ppm ہے اور کالیفارم بیکٹیریا کالونیوں میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

247📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringGrit Separation & Wastewater Solids

Consider the following statements:
a. Grit represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
b. Chloramine represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
c. Ammonia represents the purity of water.
d. Plankton represents the fully treated wastewater.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: Grit refers to the heavier, non-putrescible inorganic mineral matter (such as sand, gravel, eggshells, and silt) with specific gravity

> 2.0

present in wastewater.

گریٹ (Grit) سیوریج میں موجود ریت اور بھاری غیر نامیاتی ٹھوس مادے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

248📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRiver Pollution & DO Sag Curve

Arrange the following zones of river water pollution in the correct sequence of their occurrence after the discharge of effluent.
1. Zone of clear water
2. Zone of pollution
3. Zone of recovery
4. Zone of active decomposition

Explanation

The sequential zones of pollution downstream of an effluent outfall in a self-purifying river are: 2. Zone of pollution (degradation) → 4. Zone of active decomposition → 3. Zone of recovery → 1. Zone of clear water.

ندی میں گندا پانی گرنے کے بعد زونز کا درست سلسلہ: آلودگی کا زون (2) ← فعال سڑن کا زون (4) ← بحالی کا زون (3) ← صاف پانی کا زون (1)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

249📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Observance Days

Consider the following statements:
a) Earth Day is celebrated on March-22.
b) Ammonia is the form of carbonaceous impurity.
c) Potable water is a mineral water.
d) World Water Day is celebrated on March-22.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

World Water Day is observed globally on March 22 every year (Statement d is correct). Note: Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, Ammonia (

NH_3

) is a nitrogenous (not carbonaceous) impurity, and potable water is safe drinking water conforming to health standards.

عالمی یوم آب (World Water Day) ہر سال 22 مارچ کو منایا جاتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان d درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

250📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringNitrogen Forms & Sewage Freshness

Which form of nitrogen in sewage indicates that the decomposition of nitrogenous organic matter impurity has just started in the wastewater?

Explanation

In sanitary engineering, Free Ammonia (ammoniacal nitrogen) indicates recent pollution and the initial onset of organic decomposition. Albuminoidal nitrogen represents undecomposed organic nitrogen, Nitrites (

NO_2^-

) indicate ongoing active decomposition, and Nitrates (

NO_3^-

) indicate fully stabilized past pollution.

سیوریج میں فری امونیا (Free Ammonia) ظاہر کرتا ہے کہ نامیاتی مادے کی سڑن ابھی شروع ہوئی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

251📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityPhysical vs Chemical Water Parameters

Which among the following is NOT a physical characteristic?

Explanation

pH is a Chemical characteristic of water measuring hydrogen ion activity (

-\log_{10}[H^+]

). Color, Odour, Temperature, and Turbidity are Physical characteristics.

pH پانی کی کیمیائی خصوصیت ہے، جبکہ رنگ، بو اور درجہ حرارت جسمانی (Physical) خصوصیات ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

252📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityAir Quality Monitoring Instruments

Which method is used for the analysis of

\text{NO}_2

in ambient air?

Explanation

Gas-phase Chemiluminescence (measuring light emitted when nitric oxide reacts with ozone: $NO + O_3 → NO_2^* + O_2 → NO_2 + h
u

) is the standard reference method for monitoring

NO_2

and

NO_x$ in ambient air.

ہوا میں

\text{NO}_2

کی پیمائش کے لیے کیمی لومینیسینس (Chemiluminescence) کا طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

253📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyThermal Stratification in Lakes

The layers formed by thermal stratification in lakes are:

Explanation

Thermal stratification in deep freshwater lakes during summer forms three distinct vertical layers: the warm upper layer (Epilimnion), the transition layer with rapid temperature decline (Thermocline or Metalimnion), and the cold, dense bottom layer (Hypolimnion).

جھیلوں میں درجہ حرارت کی تہوں کی تقسیم: ایپی لمینین (اوپری)، تھرموکلائن (درمیانی)، اور ہائپو لمینین (نچلی تہہ)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

254📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNoise Pollution Standards

What is the permissible limit of day time industrial noise as recommended by WHO?

Explanation

Under India's Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and WHO industrial guidelines, the permissible ambient noise limit in Industrial areas during daytime (06:00 to 22:00) is

75\text{ dB(A)}~L_{eq}

.

صنعتی علاقوں میں دن کے وقت شور کی قابل قبول حد 75 ڈیسیبل (75 dB) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

255📚📜 Environmental Law & Governance42nd Constitutional Amendment & Environment

Which amendment explicitly incorporated Article 48-A and 51-A (g) into the Constitution?

Explanation

The landmark 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle directing the State to protect and improve the environment) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty of citizens).

42ویں آئینی ترمیم 1976 کے ذریعے آئین میں ماحولیات سے متعلق آرٹیکل 48-A اور 51-A(g) شامل کیے گئے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

256📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Methodology & Standards

Which of the following is NOT included during EIA?

Explanation

EIA requires rigorous quantitative empirical measurements, baseline comparison, and environmental management plans; superficial or vague qualitative-only scoring without baseline validation is inadequate.

EIA میں صرف مبہم معیاری بیانات کی بجائے مقداری پیمائش اور جامع ماڈلنگ لازمی ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

257📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySmog Definition & Formation

Smog is the mixture of

Explanation

The word 'smog' was originally coined by Dr. H.A. Des Voeux as a portmanteau of Smoke and Fog, describing heavy atmospheric pollution formed by particulate smoke combining with damp fog.

سموگ (Smog) دھوئیں (Smoke) اور دھند (Fog) کے ملاپ سے بنتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

258📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAcid Rain Chemistry

Acid rain is caused by the presence of which pollutants in the atmosphere?

Explanation

Acid precipitation (

pH < 5.6

) is primarily caused by the atmospheric emission of Sulfur Dioxide (

SO_2

) and Nitrogen Oxides (

NO_x

), which react with water vapor, oxygen, and oxidants to form sulfuric acid (

H_2SO_4

) and nitric acid (

HNO_3

).

تیزابی بارش فضا میں سلفر ڈائی آکسائیڈ (

SO_2

) اور نائٹروجن آکسائیڈز (

NO_x

) کی موجودگی سے ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

259📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHealth Effects of Ozone Depletion

Which of the following diseases is majorly caused due to ozone depletion?

Explanation

Ozone layer thinning allows harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to penetrate to Earth's surface, causing cellular DNA damage that significantly increases the incidence of skin cancers (melanoma and carcinomas) and cataracts.

اوزون کی تہہ کے پتلے ہونے اور UV شعاعوں کے بڑھنے سے جلد کا کینسر (Skin cancer) لاحق ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

260📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityTypes of BOD: CBOD & NBOD

How many types of biological oxygen demand (BOD) is present in water?

Explanation

There are 2 primary types of BOD exerted during wastewater stabilization: (1) Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) due to the oxidation of organic carbon compounds, and (2) Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (NBOD) due to the nitrification of ammonia.

پانی میں حیاتیاتی آکسیجن کی مانگ (BOD) کی 2 اہم اقسام ہوتی ہیں: کاربونیشس BOD اور نائٹروجینس BOD۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

261📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityBiochemical Oxygen Demand Concept

The BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of a wastewater is a measure of

Explanation

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the empirical measure of the quantity of dissolved oxygen utilized by aerobic microorganisms during the biochemical oxidation and decomposition of biodegradable organic matter in water.

BOD گندے پانی میں نامیاتی مادے کو گلانے کے لیے بیکٹیریا کو درکار آکسیجن کی مقدار ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

262📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCement Industry Effluent Characteristics

Which waste characteristic is common in the effluent from the cement industry?

Explanation

Cement manufacturing process washwaters contain suspended cement particulate slurry with high pH / low acidity (alkaline nature, high dissolved calcium hydroxide), distinct from high organic BOD effluents.

سیمنٹ انڈسٹری کا فضلہ بنیادی طور پر الکلائن اور معلق ذرات پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے، جس میں نامیاتی BOD نہیں ہوتا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

263📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringActivated Sludge Biological Removal

The activated sludge process is a biological wastewater treatment method that primarily removes:

Explanation

The Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is fundamentally designed as a secondary biological treatment method to remove soluble and colloidal biodegradable organic matter (BOD) and settleable suspended solids.

ایکٹیویٹڈ سلج پروسیس بنیادی طور پر نامیاتی مادے (BOD) اور معلق ٹھوس ذرات کو صاف کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

264📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Site Suitability in EIA

How does GIS assist in identifying potential impacts during site selection in EIA for industries?

Explanation

GIS assists environmental site selection by integrating multi-layered spatial data (topography, land-use zoning, hydrology, wildlife corridors, and proximity to protected forests and populated settlements) to identify ecologically sensitive constraints.

GIS زمین کے استعمال اور حساس ماحولیاتی علاقوں کا ڈیٹا ملا کر محفوظ اور موزوں جگہ کے انتخاب میں مدد دیتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

265📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Objectives

What is the primary goal of a disaster management plan?

Explanation

The primary objective of all disaster management planning is to prevent hazards, build community resilience, and minimize the loss of human life, injury, property damage, and socio-economic disruption.

ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلان کا بنیادی مقصد انسانی جان اور مالی نقصان کو کم سے کم کرنا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

266📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Transportation & National Highways

NH-44 is the longest national highway in India with a length of ________ Kilometers running from ________ in the north to ________ in the south.

Explanation

National Highway 44 (NH-44) is the longest highway in India, measuring approximately 3,745 km (and extended up to 4,112 km), connecting Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.

NH-44 ہندوستان کا سب سے لمبا قومی شاہراہ ہے جو سری نگر سے کنیا کماری تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

267📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFolk Dances of India

Popir is the folk dance of which Indian State?

Explanation

Popir is a traditional indigenous folk dance performed by the Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh during the Mopin spring festival.

پوپیر (Popir) اروناچل پردیش کے گالو قبیلے کا روایتی لوک رقص ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

268📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionFundamental Duties & Amendments

Which constitutional amendment added the Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution?

Explanation

Fundamental Duties (Article 51A in Part IVA) were incorporated into the Indian Constitution on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.

بنیادی فرائض کو 42ویں آئینی ترمیم 1976 کے ذریعے آئین کے آرٹیکل 51A میں شامل کیا گیا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

269📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionEmergency Provisions & Fundamental Rights

Which Article of the Indian constitution describes the effect of a national emergency on fundamental rights?

Explanation

Articles 358 (automatic suspension of Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Article 19) and 359 (suspension of the enforcement of other fundamental rights except Articles 20 and 21) describe the effect of a National Emergency on fundamental rights.

آرٹیکل 358 اور 359 قومی ایمرجنسی کے دوران بنیادی حقوق کی معطلی کے اثرات کو بیان کرتے ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

270📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Inversion & Winter Smog

Which of the following reasons results in winter smog?

Explanation

During winter, thermal/temperature inversion occurs when cold ground-level air is trapped beneath a warmer layer of air aloft, preventing vertical air mixing and trapping particulate matter and smoke close to the surface to form dense winter smog.

درجہ حرارت کا الٹاؤ (Temperature inversion) آلودگی کو زمین کی سطح کے قریب قید کر لیتا ہے جس سے موسم سرما کا سموگ بنتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

271📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMarine Biodiversity & Wildlife

Which of the following statements regarding Dugongs - marine mammals is/are correct?
1. The warm coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans are home to dugongs.
2. Dugongs typically measure between 2.2 to 3.4 meters (7 to 11 feet) in length and weigh around 230 to 420 kg (500 to 925 pounds).
3. Males possess tusk-like incisors, while both male and female adults frequently exhibit sets of parallel scars on their backs, often resulting from mating attempts or fighting.

Explanation

All statements (1, 2, and 3) are factually correct. Dugongs (sea cows) inhabit shallow coastal Indo-Pacific waters, are herbivorous marine mammals measuring 2.2–3.4 m, and mature males grow tusk-like incisors.

ڈیوگونگ (Dugong) سے متعلق تینوں بیانات (1، 2 اور 3) درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

272📚📜 History of Jammu & KashmirKarkota Dynasty & Lalitaditya

Who among the following is known as the "Samudra Gupta of Kashmir" due to his significant rule during the Karkota dynasty between 724-761 A.D.?

Explanation

King Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is celebrated as the "Samudragupta of Kashmir" for his extensive military conquests across northern and central Asia and for constructing the magnificent Martand Sun Temple.

کرکوٹا خاندان کے راجہ للتا دتیہ مکتا پیڈ کو اپنی فتوحات کی وجہ سے "کشمیر کا سمدر گپت" کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

273📚🗺️ Geography of Jammu & KashmirTourist Destinations of J&K

Yusmarg is a hill station in Jammu and Kashmir is known as

Explanation

Yusmarg (in Budgam district of J&K) translates to the "Meadow of Jesus" in Kashmiri folklore and local tradition.

یوسمرگ (ضلع بڈگام) کو کشمیری زبان میں "عیسیٰ کا مرغزار" (Meadow of Jesus) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

274📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?

Explanation

According to the passage and general science, Coal is a finite fossil fuel (non-renewable), whereas solar, wind, and hydroelectric are renewable.

کوئلہ (Coal) غیر قابل تجدید فوسل ایندھن ہے۔

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275📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
What is the primary goal of adopting sustainable energy?

Explanation

As stated in the passage: "One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels... which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution."

پائیدار توانائی کا بنیادی مقصد گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج اور فضائی آلودگی کو کم کرنا ہے۔

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276📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
How is sustainable energy linked to global initiatives?

Explanation

The passage explicitly connects sustainable energy to the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement temperature targets.

پائیدار توانائی اقوام متحدہ کے SDGs اور پیرس معاہدے سے منسلک ہے۔

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277📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

Which of the following options does NOT express the correct meaning of the given idiom/Phrase:
Wet blanket

Explanation

A 'wet blanket' is a spoilsport who dampens other people's fun and excitement. Option D expresses the exact opposite and does NOT express its meaning.

'Wet blanket' رنگ میں بھنگ ڈالنے والے شخص کو کہتے ہیں۔ آپشن D اس کے برعکس معنی دیتا ہے۔

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278📚📖 General EnglishSpelling Rules

Out of the four options, choose the option bearing the correct spelling.

Explanation

The correctly spelled word is 'Luxuriant' (meaning rich, lush, and profuse in growth).

صحیح ہجے والا لفظ 'Luxuriant' ہے۔

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279📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity & Malware

Which of the following replicate itself to slow down the computer system?

Explanation

A computer Worm is a standalone self-replicating malware program that actively propagates copies of itself across networks and memory without needing a host program, consuming bandwidth and system resources to slow down systems.

کمپیوٹر ورم (Worm) خود کو خود بخود ریپلیکیٹ کر کے سسٹم اور نیٹ ورک کو سست کر دیتا ہے۔

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280📚💻 Computer KnowledgeFirewall vs Antivirus

Which of the following is false?

Explanation

Statement B is false: A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules; it does NOT scan, quarantine, or delete infected files within local storage (which is the job of Antivirus software).

بیان B غلط ہے کیونکہ فائر وال نیٹ ورک ٹریفک کو فلٹر کرتا ہے، سسٹم کے اندر سے میلویئر کو ڈیلیٹ کرنا اینٹی وائرس کا کام ہے۔

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281📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInformation Technology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a component of Information Technology?

Explanation

Information Technology (IT) revolves around computer software, networking systems, databases, and digital architectures (like Blockchain and OS). Traditional standalone photocopier (Xerox) machines are office reproduction appliances.

فوٹو کاپی (زیروکس) مشین معلوماتی ٹیکنالوجی (IT) کا بنیادی ڈیجیٹل جزو نہیں ہے۔

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282📚🧩 Logical ReasoningLetter Classification

Which group of letters is different from others?

Explanation

In CBAED (C-B-A followed by E-D), IJHGK (I-J-H-G-K), and SRQPT, letters follow a backwards reverse pattern. TVWYZ follows a forward alphabetic progression.

TVWYZ باقی تمام گروپس سے مختلف ہے۔

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283📚🗺️ Geography of Jammu & KashmirRivers and Tributaries of J&K

Kishanganga is an important tributary of which of the following rivers?

Explanation

The Kishanganga River (known as the Neelum River in Pakistan-administered Kashmir) is a major right-bank tributary of the Jhelum River, joining it near Muzaffarabad.

کشن گنگا (نیلم) دریائے جہلم کا ایک اہم معاون دریا ہے۔

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284📚🌍 General KnowledgeUN Security Council

How many non-permanent members does UN Security Council have?

Explanation

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is composed of 15 members: 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly.

اقوام متحدہ کی سلامتی کونسل (UNSC) میں 10 غیر مستقل ارکان (Non-permanent members) ہوتے ہیں۔

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285📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionFundamental Rights & 44th Amendment

Which of the following is NOT related to fundamental rights?

Explanation

The Right to Property was repealed as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978, and converted into a legal/constitutional right under Article 300A in Part XII.

حق جائیداد (Right to property) 44ویں ترمیم کے بعد بنیادی حق نہیں رہا بلکہ آرٹیکل 300A کے تحت ایک قانونی حق ہے۔

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286📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementNon-Profit Organization Accounting

The account which shows the classified summary of transactions of a cash book in a non-trading concern is known as

Explanation

In Non-Profit / Non-Trading Organisations, the Receipt and Payment Account is a classified summary of all cash and bank receipts and payments during an accounting period.

نان ٹریڈنگ اداروں میں کیش بک کے لین دین کا خلاصہ 'Receipt and Payment Account' کہلاتا ہے۔

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287📚📊 EconomicsSectors of the Economy

Banking sector comes under which of the following sectors?

Explanation

Banking, insurance, finance, and tourism provide commercial services and are classified under the Tertiary / Service Sector of the economy.

بینکنگ سیکٹر سروس سیکٹر یعنی خدمات کے شعبے (Service sector) کا حصہ ہے۔

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288📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementRectification of Errors

Which of the following is not an error of principle?

Explanation

Posting cash received from Meena to Sharin is an Error of Commission (posting to wrong personal account). An Error of Principle occurs when fundamental capital/revenue accounting rules are violated.

مینا سے موصولہ رقم کو شارین کے کھاتے میں لکھنا ایرر آف کمیشن ہے، اصول کی غلطی (Error of principle) نہیں۔

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289📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementAccounting Equation

When assets are subtracted from liabilities it will be equal to?

Explanation

According to the fundamental accounting equation:

\text{Assets} - \text{Liabilities} = \text{Capital (Owner's Equity)}

.

اثاثوں میں سے واجبات کو منہا کرنے پر مالک کا سرمایہ یعنی کیپیٹل (Capital) حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

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290📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementCash and Cash Equivalents

A current asset that can be transferred into cash within three months is known as:

Explanation

Cash Equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value (typically maturity

\le 3

months).

وہ قلیل مدتی اثاثے جو 3 ماہ کے اندر نقد رقم میں تبدیل ہو سکتے ہیں، کیش ایکولینٹ (Cash equivalent) کہلاتے ہیں۔

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291📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementBills of Exchange & Days of Grace

What are the three additional days known as that a drawer gives to the drawee for payment?

Explanation

Under Section 22 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, three extra days allowed to the drawee for payment beyond the nominal maturity date are legally called 'Days of Grace'.

بل آف ایکسچینج میں ادائیگی کے لیے دیے جانے والے 3 اضافی دن 'ڈیز آف گریس' (Days of grace) کہلاتے ہیں۔

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292📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementInventory Valuation: FIFO vs LIFO

In periods of inflation, the impact of change in the method of valuation of inventories from LIFO method to FIFO method will cause:

Explanation

During inflation, FIFO assigns older (cheaper) costs to Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), resulting in a lower COGS and consequently higher reported net profit and higher closing inventory valuation.

مہنگائی کے دوران LIFO سے FIFO پر منتقل ہونے سے اشیاء کی لاگت (COGS) کم ہو جاتی ہے اور منافع بڑھ جاتا ہے۔

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293📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementAccounting Cycle & Objectives

________ is the last step of accounting as a process of information.

Explanation

Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, and finally Communicating financial information to users.

اکاؤنٹنگ کے عمل کا آخری مرحلہ معلومات کو متعلقہ صارفین تک پہنچانا (Communication of information) ہے۔

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294📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age

Read the passage given below to answer the question:

"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
What were some developments during the first age (Paleolithic period)?

Explanation

As stated in the passage: "During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC) the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed."

پہلے دور میں کلہاڑی اور کھانا پکانے و حرارت کے لیے آگ کا استعمال شروع ہوا۔

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295📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age

Read the passage given below to answer the question:

"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
On the basis of above passage, what were some developments during the Neolithic period?

Explanation

As directly stated in the passage: "The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

نیولتھک دور میں انسان نے جانوروں کو پالتو بنایا، مستقل بستیاں بسائیں اور حکومتیں قائم کیں۔

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296📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsContinuity Equation & Pipe Flow

During designing water supply line of a housing complex, two distribution pipes of different diameter

2\text{ cm}

, and

6\text{ cm}

respectively are connected with the main supply pipe line. The velocity of flow of water in the pipe of

2\text{ cm}

diameter is

Explanation

By continuity for equal flow,

A_1 V_1 = A_2 V_2 \implies V_1 / V_2 = (D_2 / D_1)^2 = (6 / 2)^2 = 3^2 = 9

. The velocity in the

2\text{ cm}

pipe is 9 times that in the

6\text{ cm}

pipe.

کنٹینیوٹی مساوات کے مطابق رفتار قطر کے مربع کے الٹ متناسب ہوتی ہے:

(6/2)^2 = 9

گنا۔

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297📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringReservoirs & Dams

Considering,
(i) Controlling flood
(ii) Generating hydropower
(iii) Preventing loss of water in percolation from fields
(iv) Sewage disposal.
A reservoir is used for
Correct answer is

Explanation

Storage reservoirs are primarily multi-purpose hydraulic structures designed for flood mitigation (i), hydroelectric power generation (ii), irrigation, and municipal water supply.

ذخائر آب (Reservoirs) کا بنیادی مقصد سیلاب کی روک تھام (i) اور پن بجلی پیدا کرنا (ii) ہے۔

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298📚📊 Contracts & TendersSecurity Deposit & Retention Money

Statement 1: Security deposit is an amount of money which is nonrefundable, even after the maintenance period is over.
Statement 2: Retention money always forfeited by the department even after the finalization of maintenance or adjustment of the claim is over.
The correct combination is

Explanation

Both statements are individually false. Security deposit and retention money are fully refundable to the contractor upon satisfactory completion of the defect liability/maintenance period without default.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں کیونکہ سیکورٹی ڈپازٹ اور ریٹینشن منی دونوں دیکھ بھال کی مدت مکمل ہونے کے بعد ٹھیکیدار کو واپس مل جاتی ہیں۔

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299📚🏗️ Structural AnalysisSpace Trusses: Tetrahedron

The simplest space frame or truss consists of six members joined to form

Explanation

The fundamental, simplest stable 3-dimensional space truss is a Tetrahedron, consisting of 6 members connecting 4 triangular joints (

m = 3j - 6 = 3(4) - 6 = 6

).

سب سے آسان اور مستحکم خلائی ٹرس ٹیٹراہائیڈرون (Tetrahedron - 6 ممبرز اور 4 جوائنٹس) پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔

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300📚🏗️ Building Materials & ConcreteCement Testing: Setting Time

The diameter of needle used in Vicat's apparatus for the determination of initial setting time is prescribed as

Explanation

Under IS 4031 (Part 5), the needle used in Vicat's apparatus for measuring the Initial Setting Time of cement is a

1\text{ mm}

square (or

1.13\text{ mm}

dia round) needle.

سیمنٹ کا ابتدائی سیٹنگ ٹائم معلوم کرنے کے لیے ویکاٹ اپریٹس میں 1 ملی میٹر کی سوئی استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

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301📚🌱 Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical EngineeringTriaxial Shear Tests

In a triaxial compression test when drainage is allowed during the first stage (i.e. application of cell pressure) only and not during the second stage (i.e. application of deviator stress at constant cell pressure), the test is known as

Explanation

A triaxial test where consolidation (drainage) is permitted under confining cell pressure in Stage 1 and drainage valves are closed during shear (deviator stress) in Stage 2 is called a Consolidated Undrained (CU) test.

اس ٹیسٹ کو کنسولیڈیٹڈ ان ڈرینڈ (CU - Consolidated Undrained) ٹیسٹ کہا جاتا ہے۔

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302📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringReservoir Storage Levels

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) is:

Explanation

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) represents the maximum conservation water level to which the storage surface will rise during normal operating conditions without spilling (Both A and C are synonymous).

فل ریزروائر لیول (FRL) معمول کے حالات میں ریزروائر کی زیادہ سے زیادہ پانی کی سطح کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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303📚🌱 Soil Mechanics & Dam EngineeringSeepage & Phreatic Line in Earthen Dams

The line in a dam section below which there are positive hydrostatic pressure within the dam?

Explanation

The Phreatic Line (also called Seepage Line or Saturation Line) is the top streamline of seepage through an earthen dam section along which pressure is atmospheric, and below which positive hydrostatic pore water pressure exists.

فریٹک لائن، سیپیج لائن یا سیچوریشن لائن وہ اوپری خط ہے جس کے نیچے مثبت ہائیڈروسٹیٹک دباؤ ہوتا ہے۔ (All of these)

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304📚🌐 International AffairsClimate Change & UNFCCC

Which country has been selected to host the "Loss and Damage" fund board aimed at supporting countries affected by climate change?

Explanation

The Philippines (Manila) was officially selected to host the Board of the 'Loss and Damage' Fund established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP28 to assist vulnerable nations facing climate disasters.

فلپائن (Philippines) کو موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے 'نقصان اور خسارے' (Loss and Damage) فنڈ بورڈ کی میزبانی کے لیے منتخب کیا گیا ہے۔

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305📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaDams & Multi-Purpose River Projects

Indira Sagar Dam located in Madhya Pradesh is built on which of the following river?

Explanation

Indira Sagar Dam is a multi-purpose project located in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh, constructed on the Narmada River.

مدھیہ پردیش کا اندرا ساگر ڈیم دریائے نرمدا (Narmada) پر بنایا گیا ہے۔

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306📚📖 General EnglishArticles & Determiners

I saw ______ good deal of him during ______ war.

Explanation

The idiomatic quantitative phrase is 'a good deal of' (meaning a great deal/lot), and 'the war' refers to a specific known historical conflict. Correct: "I saw a good deal of him during the war."

صحیح آرٹیکلز: 'a' good deal of him during 'the' war (Option D)۔

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307📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity & Email Encryption

Which of the following is used to protect email communication from unauthorized access?

Explanation

End-to-end Encryption (such as PGP/GPG and S/MIME) encodes email plaintext into ciphertext, protecting communication from interception and unauthorized reading.

ای میل مواصلات کو غیر مجاز رسائی سے محفوظ رکھنے کے لیے انکرپشن (Encryption) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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308📚⚡ Energy & Hydropower in IndiaHydropower Projects in India & J&K

Consider the following hydropower projects with states where they are/have been installed:
1. Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project - Uttarakhand
2. Parbati Hydroelectric Project (III) - Himachal Pradesh
3. Ratle Hydroelectric Project - Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the above is/are correct?

Explanation

All three pairs are correct: 1. Naitwar Mori (

60\text{ MW}

) on Tons river in Uttarakhand, 2. Parbati Stage-III (

520\text{ MW}

) in Himachal Pradesh, 3. Ratle (

850\text{ MW}

) on Chenab river in Kishtwar, J&K. Option D (1, 2 & 3).

تینوں پن بجلی پروجیکٹس درست ہیں: نیتوار موری (اتراکھنڈ)، پربتی III (ہماچل پردیش)، اور رتلے (جموں و کشمیر - 1, 2 & 3)۔

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309📚🗺️ Geography & Infrastructure of J&KBridges & Strategic Infrastructure in J&K

Draj Bridge is situated in which district of Jammu and Kashmir?

Explanation

The

72\text{ m}

long Draj Bridge, constructed by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) over Draj Nallah on Rajouri-Kotranka-Budhal road, is located in the Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir.

دراج پل (Draj Bridge) بارڈر روڈز آرگنائزیشن کی طرف سے جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع راجوری (Rajouri) میں تعمیر کیا گیا ہے۔

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310📚⚡ Energy & Hydropower in J&KHydropower Projects on Chenab

The Salal Hydroelectric Power Station is built across which river in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K)?

Explanation

The

690\text{ MW}

Salal Hydroelectric Power Station is a run-of-the-river project built across the Chenab River near Reasi in Jammu and Kashmir.

سلالم ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک پاور اسٹیشن دریائے چناب (Chenab) پر ضلع ریاسی میں واقع ہے۔

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311📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
The team worked tirelessly

\underline{\hspace{1cm}}

the guidance of their coach to improve their performance

\underline{\hspace{1cm}}

the challenging season.

Explanation

Standard idiomatic English uses 'under the guidance of' and 'during the challenging season'. Correct: "under, during".

رہنمائی کے لیے 'under the guidance' اور مدت کے لیے 'during the season' درست ہے۔ (under, during)

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312📚🗺️ Geography & Energy of J&KHydropower Projects in J&K

Salal Hydroelectric Project is situated in

Explanation

The Salal Hydroelectric Project (

690\text{ MW}

) is constructed on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir.

سلالم ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک پروجیکٹ جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ریاسی میں دریائے چناب پر واقع ہے۔

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313📚🗺️ Geography & Energy of J&KHydropower Projects on Chenab

The Kiru Hydroelectric Power Project is situated in?

Explanation

The

624\text{ MW}

Kiru Hydroelectric Power Project is a run-of-the-river scheme being constructed on the Chenab River in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir by CVPPPL.

کیرو ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک پاور پروجیکٹ (Kiru Project) جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع کشتواڑ میں دریائے چناب پر زیر تعمیر ہے۔

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314📚🛣️ Infrastructure & Transportation in IndiaTunnels & Highways in India

India's longest road tunnel is

Explanation

The Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel) on NH-44 in Jammu and Kashmir is India's longest bi-directional road tunnel, stretching

9.28\text{ km}

(

5.8\text{ miles}

).

شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل (چینانی-ناشری ٹنل - 9.28 کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی روڈ ٹنل ہے۔

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315📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity: Firewalls

What is computer firewall?

Explanation

A Firewall is a network security system (software or hardware) that monitors, filters, and blocks unauthorized incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

فائر وال ایک سیکیورٹی سسٹم ہے جو انٹرنیٹ نیٹ ورک اور کمپیوٹر کو غیر مجاز رسائی اور خطرات سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔

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316📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringTheory of Machines: Flywheels

The rotational speed of an automobile engine fluctuates between

210\text{ rad/sec}

and

190\text{ rad/sec}

. During a single cycle, there is an observed change in Kinetic Energy of 400 J. What is the mass inertia of the flywheel about its central axis, represented in

\text{kg-m}^2

?

Explanation

Mean angular velocity

\omega_{mean} = \frac{210 + 190}{2} = 200\text{ rad/s}

. Fluctuation of energy

\Delta E = I \omega_{mean} (\omega_1 - \omega_2) \implies 400 = I \times 200 \times (210 - 190) = 4000 I \implies I = \frac{400}{4000} = 0.10\text{ kg}\cdot\text{m}^2

.

فلائی وہیل کا ماس انرشا

I = \frac{\Delta E}{\omega (\omega_1 - \omega_2)} = \frac{400}{200 \times 20} = 0.10\text{ kg-m}^2

ہے۔

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317📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects

Misruns and cold shuts in sand casting arise from:

Explanation

Misruns (incomplete cavity filling) and cold shuts (imperfect fusion of two metal streams) occur due to low pouring temperature, insufficient fluidity, or slow pouring rates.

کاسٹنگ میں مس رنز اور کولڈ شٹس پگھلی ہوئی دھات کا درجہ حرارت کم (Lower pouring temperature) ہونے کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔

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318📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Chvorinov's Rule

The volume of a cube with side '

l

' and the volume of a sphere with radius '

r

' are equal. Both the cube and sphere are composed of the same material and are being cast. What is the ratio of the solidification time of the cube to that of the sphere?

Explanation

According to Chvorinov's Rule:

t_s \propto \left(\frac{V}{A}\right)^2

. Since

V_{cube} = V_{sphere}

, the ratio of solidification times is

\frac{t_{cube}}{t_{sphere}} = \left(\frac{A_{sphere}}{A_{cube}} ight)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{6 l^2}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^2 \left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^4

.

چورینوف کے قانون کے تحت جمنے کے وقت کا تناسب:

\left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^{4}

حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

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319📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology & Inspection: Optical Flats

Of what material are optical flats typically made?

Explanation

High-precision optical flats used for light-wave interferometry surface flatness testing are typically manufactured from high-purity fused silica (Quartz) due to its near-zero thermal expansion coefficient and exceptional hardness.

آپٹیکل فلیٹس عام طور پر کوارٹز (Quartz) سے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔

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320📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: 5S Lean Manufacturing

Arrange the following steps in order to eliminate waste and enhance efficiency in lean manufacturing:
a. Seiso
b. Shitsuke
c. Seiri
d. Seiketsu
e. Seiton

Explanation

The 5S methodology sequence is: 1. Seiri (Sort - c), 2. Seiton (Set in order - e), 3. Seiso (Shine - a), 4. Seiketsu (Standardize - d), 5. Shitsuke (Sustain - b). Correct sequence: c, e, a, d, b.

5S طریقہ کار کی درست ترتیب: 1. سیری (c)، 2. سیتون (e)، 3. سیسو (a)، 4. سیکیتسو (d)، 5. شیتسوکے (b) یعنی c, e, a, d, b ہے۔

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321📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: CNC Machine Components

In modern CNC machine tools, the backlash has been eliminated by:

Explanation

Preloaded recirculating ball screws eliminate backlash and axial play between the screw and nut in CNC machines, ensuring high positioning accuracy and minimum friction.

جدید CNC مشینوں میں بیک لیش کو ختم کرنے کے لیے پری لوڈڈ بال اسکرو (Preloaded ball screws) استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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322📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Vibrations: Critical Damping

A mass of 1 kg is attached to the end of a spring with a stiffness

0.7\text{ N/mm}

. The critical damping coefficient of this system will be:

Explanation

Stiffness

k = 0.7\text{ N/mm} = 700\text{ N/m}

, mass

m = 1\text{ kg}

. Critical damping coefficient

c_c = 2\sqrt{k m} = 2\sqrt{700 \times 1} = 2 \times 26.4575 = 52.92\text{ N}\cdot\text{s/m}

.

کریٹیکل ڈیمپنگ کوایفیشینٹ

c_c = 2\sqrt{km} = 2\sqrt{700 \times 1} = 52.92\text{ Ns/m}

ہے۔

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323📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringRefrigeration & Air Conditioning: Refrigerants

A good refrigerant must have ________ specific heat when it is in liquid state and ________ specific heat when it is vaporized.

Explanation

An ideal refrigerant should have low specific heat of liquid (to minimize subcooling heat losses and flashing during throttling) and high specific heat / high latent heat of vapor (to maximize refrigeration effect per unit mass flow).

ایک اچھے ریفریجرنٹ میں مائع حالت میں کم مخصوص حرارت اور بخاراتی حالت میں زیادہ مخصوص حرارت (Low, high) ہونی چاہیے۔

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324📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Mechanical Properties

When a material is able to resist fracture due to high impact load is called:

Explanation

Toughness is the mechanical property of a material that enables it to absorb energy and deform plastically without fracturing under sudden shock or high impact loading (measured by Charpy/Izod tests).

اچانک لگنے والے اثرات (Impact loads) کو برداشت کرنے اور ٹوٹنے سے بچنے کی مادی صلاحیت کو ٹفنس (Toughness) کہتے ہیں۔

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325📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Welding Joints

In single V-butt welds, the angle between edges is:

Explanation

In standard single V-groove butt welding joints, the included groove angle between the prepared plate edges typically ranges from

60^\circ

to

70^\circ

to ensure complete joint penetration.

سنگل وی بٹ ویلڈنگ میں کناروں کے درمیان کا زاویہ

60^\circ

سے

70^\circ

رکھا جاتا ہے۔

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326📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Investment Casting

The pattern used in investment casting is:

Explanation

Investment casting (also known as the lost-wax casting process) utilizes patterns made of Wax (or expandable polystyrene) which melt and drain out when the ceramic shell mold is heated.

انویسٹمنٹ کاسٹنگ (Lost wax process) میں موم (Wax) کے پیٹرن استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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327📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Evaporative Pattern Casting

While using the disposable pattern, the metal should be poured:

Explanation

In full-mold / evaporative / disposable pattern casting (lost foam), molten metal must be poured rapidly to vaporize the foam pattern completely and prevent premature freezing or entrapment of pyrolysis residues.

ڈسپوزیبل پیٹرن کاسٹنگ میں پگھلی ہوئی دھات کو انتہائی تیزی سے (Very rapidly) ڈالا جانا چاہیے۔

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328📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology: Comparators & Gauges

The dimension of bore 14.67mm in a workpiece is measured using:

Explanation

Pneumatic comparators/gauges (e.g. Solex air gauges) are high-precision non-contact instruments widely used for measuring fine internal cylinder/bore diameters with sub-micron accuracy.

بور کی باریک پیمائش کے لیے نیومیٹک گیج (Pneumatic gauge) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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329📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics: Heat and Work Interactions

Heat and work are:

Explanation

Heat (

Q

) and Work (

W

) are energy interactions in transit across a system boundary; they depend on the path followed during a process and are inexact differentials (Path functions, not thermodynamic state properties).

حرارت اور کام پاتھ فنکشنز (Path functions) ہیں، اسٹیٹ پراپرٹیز نہیں۔

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330📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects

Match the casting defects (Group A) with the probable causes (Group B):
Group A: 1. Cold Shut, 2. Shrinkage, 3. Blow holes, 4. Hot tears
Group B: P. Wide range of solidification temperature / contraction resistance, Q. Low permeability of the sand mould, R. Volumetric contraction both in liquid and solid stage, S. Improper fusion of two streams of liquid metal

Explanation

Cold Shut = Improper fusion of liquid streams (1-S); Blow holes = Trapped gases due to low mould permeability (3-Q); Shrinkage = Volumetric contraction during freezing (2-R); Hot tears = Severe thermal contraction stresses / wide solidification range (4-P). Match: 1-S, 3-Q, 2-R, 4-P.

کاسٹنگ کے نقائص کا درست ملاپ: 1-S، 3-Q، 2-R، 4-P ہے۔

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331📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Product-Process Mapping

Match the following products with preferred manufacturing processes:
Group A (Products): I. Rails, II. Engine crankshaft, III. Aluminium channels, IV. PET water bottles
Group B (Manufacturing Processes): P. Blow molding, Q. Extrusion, R. Forging, S. Rolling

Explanation

Railway Rails = Hot Rolling (I-S); Engine Crankshaft = Drop Forging (II-R); Aluminium Channels = Forward Hot Extrusion (III-Q); PET Water Bottles = Stretch Blow Molding (IV-P). Match: I-S, II-R, III-Q, IV-P.

مصنوعات اور مینوفیکچرنگ پروسیسز کا درست ملاپ: I-S، II-R، III-Q، IV-P ہے۔

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332📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Gating Systems

A gating ratio 1:2:4 is used to design the gating system for magnesium alloy casting. This gating system refers to the cross-section areas of the various gating elements as given below:
1. Down sprue
2. Runner bar
3. Ingate
The correct sequence of the above elements in the ratio 1:2:4 is:

Explanation

Gating ratio is standardly defined as

A_{sprue} : A_{runner} : A_{ingate}

. An unpressurized ratio of 1:2:4 corresponds directly to 1 (Down sprue) : 2 (Runner bar) : 3 (Ingate).

گیٹنگ ریشو

A_s : A_r : A_g = 1:2:4

کا مطلب ہے ڈاؤن اسپرو، رنر بار اور ان گیٹ (1، 2 اور 3)۔

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333📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology: Surface Metrology & Gauges

Match the correct pairs between List-I and List-II:
List-I: P. Talysurf, Q. Telescopic gauge, R. Transfer callipers, S. Autocollimator
List-II: 1. T-slot, 2. Flatness / Straightness, 3. Internal diameter, 4. Roughness

Explanation

Talysurf = Surface roughness measurement (P-4); Telescopic gauge = Internal bore diameter (Q-3); Transfer calipers = Measuring recessed features/T-slots (R-1); Autocollimator = Straightness/flatness testing (S-2). Match: P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2.

پیمائشی آلات کا درست ملاپ: P-4، Q-3، R-1، S-2 ہے۔

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334📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: CNC Motion Control

NC contouring is an example of following positioning:

Explanation

Contouring in Numerical Control (NC) involves synchronized, simultaneous multi-axis interpolated motion along curved profile boundaries, representing a Continuous Path control system.

NC کنٹورنگ مسلسل پاتھ (Continuous path) پوزیشننگ کی مثال ہے۔

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335📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Group Technology & Cellular Manufacturing

Consider the following statements:
P. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) takes input from material requirement plan (MRP).
Q. Production flow analysis helps in work cell formation.
R. Group technology takes input from choice of machining or cutting parameters.
Among the above statements, the correct one(s) is (are):

Explanation

Production Flow Analysis (PFA) developed by Burbidge analyzes routing sheets to group part families and machines into manufacturing work cells for cellular manufacturing. Thus, statement Q is correct.

پروڈکشن فلو اینالائسس (PFA) مینوفیکچرنگ ورک سیلز کی تشکیل میں مدد دیتا ہے (Q درست ہے)۔

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336📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringFluid Mechanics: Flow Measurement

The Venturi meter is based on the principle of:

Explanation

A Venturi meter measures discharge/flow rate in a pipe by accelerating the fluid through a converging throat constriction, creating a measurable differential pressure drop according to Bernoulli's principle.

وینچوری میٹر تنگ راستے میں پیدا ہونے والے پریشر کے فرق (Pressure difference in constriction) کی بنیاد پر کام کرتا ہے۔

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337📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Arc Welding

TIG welding stands for:

Explanation

TIG welding stands for Tungsten Inert Gas welding (also designated Gas Tungsten Arc Welding or GTAW), which uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert shielding gas (Argon/Helium).

TIG ویلڈنگ کا مکمل نام ٹنگسٹن انرٹ گیس (Tungsten Inert Gas) ویلڈنگ ہے۔

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338📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachining & Machine Tools: Chip Formation

The material removed during machining is called:

Explanation

In metal cutting and machining terminology, the waste metallic debris and chips produced during cutting operations are formally termed Swarf (or chips).

مشیننگ کے دوران کٹ کر الگ ہونے والے میٹل کے ٹکڑوں کو سوارف (Swarf / Chips) کہتے ہیں۔

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339📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects

A common defect in casting caused by improper mold compaction is called:

Explanation

Improper/uneven mould compaction and ramming leads to localized sand permeability variations, causing gas entrapment, pinholes, and mould surface porosity defects.

مولڈ کی نامناسب کمپیکشن کے باعث گیسوں کے پھنس جانے سے پوروسٹی (Porosity) کا نقص پیدا ہوتا ہے۔

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340📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: Fundamentals

CAM refers to:

Explanation

CAM stands for Computer-Aided Manufacturing, which uses specialized software and automated computer-controlled machinery (CNC/DNC) to plan, manage, and execute manufacturing operations.

CAM کا مطلب کمپیوٹر ایڈیڈ مینوفیکچرنگ (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) ہے۔

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341📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Halogens & Bleaching

Bleaching action of chlorine is by

Explanation

Chlorine bleaches in the presence of moisture through Oxidation: Chlorine reacts with water to release nascent oxygen (

\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} → 2\text{HCl} + [\text{O}]

), which oxidizes and decolourizes organic colouring matter permanently.

کلورین کا بلیچنگ ایکشن آکسیڈیشن (Oxidation - نوزائیدہ آکسیجن کے اخراج) کے ذریعے عمل میں آتا ہے۔

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342📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Electrical Instruments

Which device is used to measure the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit?

Explanation

A Voltmeter is an electrical measuring instrument connected in parallel across two circuit points to measure the electric potential difference (voltage) in Volts.

سرکٹ کے دو پوائنٹس کے درمیان پوٹینشل ڈفرنس ناپنے کے لیے وولٹ میٹر (Voltmeter) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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343📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Human Respiratory System

During respiration exchange of gases take place in

Explanation

In human respiratory anatomy, the exchange of oxygen (

\text{O}_2

) and carbon dioxide (

\text{CO}_2

) occurs across the thin, vascularized walls of microscopic air sacs called Alveoli in the lungs via simple diffusion.

سانس کے عمل کے دوران گیسوں کا تبادلہ پھیپھڑوں کے ایلوولی (Alveoli of lungs) میں ہوتا ہے۔

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344📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionFundamental Rights: Right to Education (Art 21A)

Article 21A of the Indian Constitution provides Right to

Explanation

Article 21A, inserted into Part III of the Constitution by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002), establishes free and compulsory education as a Fundamental Right for all children aged 6 to 14 years.

آئین ہند کی دفعہ 21A بچوں کے لیے مفت اور لازمی تعلیم کے بنیادی حق (Right to Education) کی ضمانت دیتی ہے۔

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345📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Vocabulary Usage

Which of the following sentence is/are correct?
I. The robbers' seas the money in the bank.
II. Tina seas three geese in the pond.
III. The sailor travelled the deep seas during the voyage.

Explanation

In Sentence I, 'seas' is misused instead of 'seize'. In Sentence II, 'seas' is misused instead of 'sees'. Sentence III correctly uses the noun 'seas' (ocean bodies). Thus, only III is correct.

صرف جملہ III درست ہے جہاں لفظ 'seas' (سمندر) کا درست استعمال ہوا ہے۔

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346📚🎭 Culture & Tourism in J&KTourism Icons of Kashmir

A traditional Gondola type lightweight rowing boat ride which is famous of the Dal Lake in Kashmir is referred to as

Explanation

The Shikara is a traditional wooden cultural boat of Kashmir, famously used for scenic rides, floating markets, and transport across Dal Lake and Nigeen Lake in Srinagar.

ڈل جھیل میں روایتی خوبصورت کشتی کی سواری کو شکارا رائیڈ (Shikara ride) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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347📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Scientific Instruments

Consider the following statement(s) is/are related to the device of Ammeter:
I: It is a measuring device used to measure the current in a circuit.
II: It is a measuring device used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
Which of following statement(s) is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement I is correct: An Ammeter is an electrical instrument connected in series to measure electric current in Amperes. Statement II describes an Altimeter, not an ammeter. Thus, only Statement I is correct.

صرف بیان I درست ہے کیونکہ ایم میٹر برقی رو (Current) ناپتا ہے، اونچائی ناپنے والا آلہ الٹی میٹر کہلاتا ہے۔

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348📚⚖️ Political ScienceDemocratic Principles & Political Thinkers

Who defined democracy as a form of Government of the people, for the people and by the people?

Explanation

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, immortalized this definition of democracy during his historic Gettysburg Address in November 1863.

جمہوریت کی یہ مشہور تعریف ابراہم لنکن (Abraham Lincoln) نے اپنے خطبہ گیٹس برگ میں پیش کی تھی۔

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349📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases

Excessive bleeding during an injury is a deficiency of

Explanation

Vitamin K (phylloquinone) is an essential cofactor required for the hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation clotting factors (prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X); its deficiency leads to impaired blood clotting and prolonged hemorrhaging.

چوٹ لگنے پر خون کا مسلسل بہنا وٹامن K (Vitamin K) کی کمی کی علامت ہے۔

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350📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry / Materials: Properties of Metals

Which one of the following mechanical properties enables a metal to be made into thin sheets?

Explanation

Malleability is the mechanical property of metals that allows them to be hammered, rolled, or pressed into thin foils and sheets without fracturing (e.g. Gold, Aluminium). (Ductility enables drawing into wires).

دھات کو کوٹ کر پتلی چادروں میں تبدیل کرنے کی خاصیت کو ملیبلٹی (Malleability) کہتے ہیں۔

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351📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionFundamental Duties (Part IVA)

Fundamental duties are mentioned in

Explanation

Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Part-IVA (Article 51A) of the Constitution of India, incorporated by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.

بنیادی فرائض آئین ہند کے حصہ IVA (دفعہ 51A) میں درج ہیں۔

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352📚🧩 Logical ReasoningLetter Analogy

Select the option that is related to the fourth term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
EGJ:JLO :: ________ :TVY?

Explanation

Pattern is

+5

to each letter: E(+5)=J, G(+5)=L, J(+5)=O. Working backwards from TVY by subtracting 5: T(-5)=O, V(-5)=Q, Y(-5)=T

\implies

OQT.

حروف میں 5 کا اضافہ کیا گیا ہے۔ الٹا کرنے پر TVY سے OQT بنتا ہے۔

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353📚🌱 Environmental ScienceFundamentals of Ecology

Ecology deals with

Explanation

Ecology (from Greek 'oikos' meaning house) is the branch of biology that studies the interactions and interrelationships between living organisms and their abiotic/biotic environment.

ایکولوجی کا تعلق جانداروں اور ان کے ماحول کے باہمی تعلقات کے مطالعے سے ہے۔

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354📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryEconomic Nationalism & Drain of Wealth

The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji (the 'Grand Old Man of India') first formulated and popularized the 'Drain of Wealth' theory in his landmark book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901).

ہندوستان سے دولت کی غیر ملکی منتقلی کا نظریہ (Drain of Wealth) دادا بھائی نوروجی نے پیش کیا۔

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355📚📜 Medieval Indian History & LiteratureBhakti Movement & Contemporary Rulers

Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, was a contemporary of which of the following rulers?

Explanation

Goswami Tulsidas (1532–1623 CE), who composed the epic Awadhi poem 'Ramcharitmanas', lived during the 16th century reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

رام چرت مانس کے مصنف گوسوامی تلسی داس مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے ہم عصر تھے۔

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356📚📜 National Symbols & HistoryNational Song vs National Anthem

The National Song of India was written and composed by

Explanation

The National Song of India, 'Vande Mataram', was written in Sanskritized Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his 1882 novel 'Anandamath'. (The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was composed by Rabindranath Tagore).

قومی گیت 'وندے ماترم' بنکم چندر چٹرجی نے اپنی ناول آنند مٹھ میں لکھا تھا۔

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357📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Sound Waves & Units

What is the unit for measuring the amplitude of a sound?

Explanation

The amplitude, sound pressure level, and loudness of acoustic sound waves are measured on a logarithmic scale in Decibels (dB).

آواز کی بلندی اور وسعت (Amplitude) ناپنے کی اکائی ڈیسی بل (Decibel - dB) ہے۔

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358📚📜 Literature & Personalities of J&KDogri Language & Literature

Who is known as "Father of Dogri"?

Explanation

Prof. Ram Nath Shastri is universally revered as the 'Father of Dogri' for his pioneering efforts in founding the Dogri Sanstha in 1944 and securing national recognition for the Dogri language.

پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری کو ڈوگری زبان کی ترویج و ترقی کی وجہ سے 'بابائے ڈوگری' کہا جاتا ہے۔

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359📚🎭 Folk Dances of J&KKashmiri Folk Dance: Rouf

On occasion of Eid, and during Ramzan, Kashmiri women performos

Explanation

Rouf is the quintessential traditional Kashmiri women's folk dance performed in facing rows with rhythmic footwork to celebrate festive occasions like Eid, spring festivals, and weddings.

عید اور رمضان کے پرمسرت مواقع پر کشمیری خواتین روایتی 'روف' (Rouf) رقص پیش کرتی ہیں۔

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360📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Title Identification

Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

Select best title for the above passage

Explanation

The entire passage focuses on Avinash's ambition, dedication, and journey in conceptualizing and developing his dream video game alongside supportive colleagues.

عبارت کا مرکزی خیال اویناش کے اپنے خوابیدہ ویڈیو گیم کو حقیقت بنانے پر مبنی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

361📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts

Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What did Avinash and his colleagues do to secure funding for their game?

Explanation

The text explicitly states: "...they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality."

عبارت کے مطابق انہوں نے فنڈنگ کے لیے کک اسٹارٹر مہم (Kickstarter campaign) کا آغاز کیا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

362📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts

Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

How did Avinash balance his job and game project?

Explanation

The text mentions: "Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization..."

اویناش نے ملازمت کے ساتھ اپنے فالتو وقت (Spare time) کو پروجیکٹ کے لیے وقف کیا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Various Departments

363📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Vocabulary & Antonyms

Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What is the opposite of the word: meticulously

Explanation

'Meticulously' means with great attention to detail, precision, and thoroughness. Its direct opposite is 'Sloppily' (carelessly, untidily).

'Meticulously' (نہایت احتیاط اور باریک بینی سے) کا متضاد لفظ 'Sloppily' (لاپرواہی اور بے ترتیبی سے) ہے۔

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364📚🎭 Culture & Folk Theatre of J&KKashmiri Folk Theatre: Bhand Pather

BhandPather is a traditional ________ of the region of Kashmir.

Explanation

Bhand Pather is a centuries-old traditional satirical folk theatre and dance-drama form of the Kashmir Valley, performed by traditional folk artists called Bhands.

بانڈ پاتھر (Bhand Pather) وادی کشمیر کا روایتی ڈرامائی اور طنزیہ لوک تھیٹر (Dance drama) ہے۔

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365📚🗺️ Climate & Geography of J&KWestern Disturbances & Winter Weather in Kashmir

The Kashmir region receives an additional amount of precipitation during the winter brought by which of the following?

Explanation

Winter precipitation (heavy snowfall and rain) across the Kashmir Himalayas is caused by Western Disturbances, which are extratropical cyclonic weather systems originating over the Mediterranean Sea.

کشمیر میں موسم سرما کی برف باری اور بارشیں مغربی ہوائی خلل یعنی ویسٹرن ڈسٹربنس (Western Disturbances) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہیں۔

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366📚🗺️ Tourism & Geography of J&KTourist Destinations in J&K

In which district of Jammu and Kashmir, is the famous hill station Doodhpathri, also known as the Valley of Milk, located?

Explanation

Doodhpathri ('Valley of Milk'), a picturesque alpine meadow and hill resort nestled in the Pir Panjal range, is situated in the Budgam district of the Kashmir Valley.

مشہور صحت افزا مقام دودھ پتھری جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع بڈگام (Budgam) میں واقع ہے۔

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367📚🧩 Logical ReasoningLetter-Number Analogy

876 : TSR :: 345 : ______

Explanation

Letters encoded in order: 8=T(20), 7=S(19), 6=R(18) (alphabet sequence moving backwards). For 3, 4, 5, the ascending consecutive three-letter block is PQR (or related sequence).

حروف کی ترتیب کے مطابق 345 کا کوڈ PQR بنتا ہے۔

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368📚🔬 General ScienceNutrition & Mineral Absorption

Too much consumption of tea or coffee can result in deficiency of-

Explanation

High intake of tannins and caffeine in excessive tea and coffee impairs intestinal absorption and increases urinary excretion of Calcium and Iron.

چائے اور کافی کا حد سے زیادہ استعمال کیلشیم (Calcium) اور آئرن کے جذب ہونے میں رکاوٹ بنتا ہے۔

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369📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Excretory Products

All of the following are excretory (waste) products of animals, except

Explanation

Carbohydrates are essential metabolic macronutrient energy fuels, whereas Urea, Uric acid, and Ammonia are cellular metabolic nitrogenous excretory wastes.

کاربوہائیڈریٹس غذائی توانائی کا ذریعہ ہیں، اخراجی فضلہ (Excretory waste) نہیں ہیں۔

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370📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Redox Reactions

When a substance loses oxygen during a reaction, it is called ...

Explanation

In classical redox chemistry, the loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen / gain of electrons) by a substance during a chemical reaction is termed Reduction.

کیمیائی عمل کے دوران آکسیجن کا خارج ہونا ریڈکشن (Reduction) کہلاتا ہے۔

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371📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Electric Safety & Short Circuits

When the short circuit condition occurs, the current in the circuit:

Explanation

During a short circuit fault, live and neutral wires come in direct zero-resistance contact, causing the circuit electric current to increase abruptly and substantially according to Ohm's Law (

I = V/R → \infty

).

شارٹ سرکٹ کی حالت میں سرکٹ کے اندر برقی رو بے پناہ بڑھ جاتی ہے (Increases substantially)۔

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372📚🌲 Forestry & EnvironmentForest Ecology & Monoculture

Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in

Explanation

Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.

ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔

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373📚🗺️ Physical GeographyEarth's Revolution & Seasons

The tilting of the earth is responsible for

Explanation

The permanent

23.5^\circ

axial tilt of Earth relative to its orbital plane during its annual revolution around the Sun is the primary cause for the Cycle of Seasons.

زمین کا اپنے محور پر جھکاؤ (

23.5^\circ

) موسموں کی تبدیلی (Change of the season) کا اصل سبب ہے۔

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374📚📈 Indian EconomySectors of Indian Economy

Consider the following pairs:
1. Primary — a. Banking
2. Secondary — b. Car manufacturing
3. Tertiary — c. Fishing
Which of the following pair is correct?

Explanation

Primary Sector = Fishing (1c), Secondary Sector = Car manufacturing (2b), Tertiary Sector = Banking (3a)

\implies

1c, 2b, 3a.

معیشت کے شعبے: پرائمری (ماہی گیری - 1c)، سیکنڈری (گاڑی سازی - 2b)، ٹرشری (بینکنگ - 3a)۔

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375📚⚖️ Indian Polity & Electoral SystemsElectoral Systems: FPTP

In the First Past the Post System, that candidate is declared winner who:

Explanation

Under the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP / Simple Plurality) electoral system used in Lok Sabha elections, the candidate securing more votes than any other individual rival in that single constituency is declared elected.

فرسٹ پاسٹ دی پوسٹ سسٹم میں وہ امیدوار جیتتا ہے جو حلقے میں دیگر تمام امیدواروں سے زیادہ ووٹ حاصل کرے۔

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376📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionFundamental Rights during Emergency (Arts 20 & 21)

Which fundamental rights cannot be suspended even during an emergency?

Explanation

By virtue of the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act (1978), Article 20 (Protection in respect of conviction for offences) and Article 21 (Protection of Life and Personal Liberty) cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency.

دفعہ 20 اور دفعہ 21 (زندگی اور ذاتی آزادی کا حق) کو ایمرجنسی کے دوران بھی معطل نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔

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377📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionSwaran Singh Committee & Fundamental Duties

Which of the following committee suggested incorporating Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?

Explanation

The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee (1976) recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties, resulting in the enactment of Part IVA (Article 51A) by the 42nd Amendment.

سورن سنگھ کمیٹی کی سفارش پر آئین ہند میں بنیادی فرائض شامل کیے گئے۔

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378📚🏆 Sports & AthleticsAsian Games 2023: Indian Medalists

Kiran Baliyan won which medal in which game, at the Asian Games 2023?

Explanation

Kiran Baliyan won the Bronze medal in Women's Shot Put with a throw of 17.36m at the 19th Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, securing India's first medal in women's shot put in 72 years.

کرن بالیان نے ایشین گیمز 2023 میں خواتین کے شاٹ پٹ (Shot put) میں کانسے کا تمغہ (Bronze medal) جیتا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

379📚🌍 International Current AffairsMiddle East Geopolitics in News

Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?

Explanation

Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.

حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

380📚👥 Indian Demographics & CensusCensus Methodology & Data Collection

Which of the following information is NOT collected during the census in India?

Explanation

The Indian Population Census collects socio-demographic data including age, marital status, education, occupation, and religion, but does NOT ask for or record individual monthly salary/income.

ہندوستان کی مردم شماری میں فرد کی ماہانہ تنخواہ یا آمدنی (Salary per month) کی معلومات جمع نہیں کی جاتیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

381📚🗺️ Administrative Divisions of J&KDistricts of Jammu and Kashmir

Which of the following is a district in Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory?

Explanation

Reasi is one of the 20 administrative revenue districts in J&K UT (home to the Mata Vaishno Devi shrine and Chenab Rail Bridge). Kargil is in Ladakh UT; Gulmarg and Pahalgam are tehsils/tourist towns.

ریاسی (Reasi) جموں و کشمیر کا ایک باقاعدہ انتظامی ضلع ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

382📚⚖️ Taxation & Legal PersonhoodIncome Tax Act: Types of Assessees

A private university named "Kaushal University" is assessable under the income tax act as

Explanation

Under Section 2(31) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, universities, bar councils, and statutory corporations that do not fall under individuals, HUFs, companies, or firms are assessed as an 'Artificial Juridical Person'.

انکم ٹیکس ایکٹ کے تحت نجی یونیورسٹی کو 'Artificial Juridical Person' کے طور پر اسیس کیا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

383📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNumber Series: Alternate Series

9, __, 18, 28, 27, 21, 36, 14

Explanation

Interleaved series: First series (odd terms):

9, 18, 27, 36

(

+9

). Second series (even terms):

x, 28, 21, 14

(

-7

). Working backwards:

x = 28 + 7 = 35

.

دوسرا متبادل سلسلہ 7 کی کمی ظاہر کرتا ہے:

28 + 7 = 35

۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

384📚💻 Computer KnowledgeHardware Fundamentals: CPU Architecture

What is the primary function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Explanation

The Central Processing Unit (CPU), the 'brain' of the computer, is primarily responsible for fetching, decoding, and executing program instructions and performing arithmetic/logical calculations.

سی پی یو (CPU) کا بنیادی کام ہدایات پر عمل درآمد (Execution of instructions) کرنا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

385📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity: Antivirus Protection

Which type of software is designed to protect a computer from viruses and malware?

Explanation

Antivirus and anti-malware software detects, quarantines, and removes malicious software programs (viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware) from computer systems.

اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر کمپیوٹر کو وائرس اور نقصان دہ میلویئر سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

386📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS Access & DBMSDatabase Concepts: Primary Keys

What is a primary key in MS Access?

Explanation

In relational databases and MS Access, a Primary Key is a field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each individual record/row in a table, ensuring entity integrity.

پرائمری کی (Primary Key) ٹیبل میں ہر ریکارڈ کی منفرد شناخت (Unique identifier) ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

387📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS OfficeMS PowerPoint Fundamentals

What is the term used for a single slide in a PowerPoint presentation?

Explanation

In Microsoft PowerPoint presentation software, an individual presentation page displayed on the screen is called a Slide.

پاور پوائنٹ پریزنٹیشن کے ایک صفحے کو سلائیڈ (Slide) کہا جاتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

388📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityVirus Objectives & Impacts

Which of the following is NOT a common objective of computer viruses?

Explanation

Spreading awareness about online security is the goal of ethical cybersecurity educators, whereas computer viruses maliciously delete files, steal data, and degrade performance.

آن لائن سیکیورٹی سے متعلق شعور بیدار کرنا وائرس کا مقصد نہیں بلکہ سیکیورٹی ماہرین کا کام ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

389📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityAntivirus Products & Vendors

Which of the following is a well-known antivirus software developed by Symantec?

Explanation

Norton Antivirus is the flagship cybersecurity and antivirus product developed and marketed by Symantec Corporation (now Gen Digital).

نارٹن اینٹی وائرس (Norton Antivirus) سائمنٹیک (Symantec) کا مشہور اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

390📚🌊 Multipurpose River Valley ProjectsDams and Reservoirs of Indus Basin

With reference to the Dams and Rivers, consider the following pairs:
1. Gobind Sagar Reservoir — Satluj
2. Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir — Beas
3. Chamera Dam — Ravi
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Explanation

All three Himalayan hydroelectric reservoirs are correctly paired: Gobind Sagar (Bhakra Dam) is on the Satluj River (1); Maharana Pratap Sagar (Pong Dam) is on the Beas River (2); Chamera Dam is on the Ravi River in Chamba, HP (3). All 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

تینوں ڈیم اور دریا درست میچ ہیں: گوبند ساگر (ستلج)، مہارانا پرتاپ ساگر (بیاس)، چمیرا ڈیم (راوی)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

391📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaIslands & Volcanism in India

Two volcanic islands in Indian territory are

Explanation

Barren Island (India's only active volcano) and Narcondam Island (a dormant volcanic island) are both located in the Andaman Sea within Indian sovereign territory.

ہندوستان کی سرزمین میں دو آتش فشانی جزیرے نارکوندم (خوابیدہ) اور بیرن آئی لینڈ (فعال) ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

392📚🏛️ International Parliamentary ForumsP20 Parliamentary Forum

Consider the following statements:
1. P20 is a congregation of Presidents of G20 nations.
2. The P20 group was set up during the G20 Presidency of Canada in 2010.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is false: P20 is the Parliamentary Speakers' Summit (congregation of Speakers/Presiding Officers of Parliaments, not heads of state). Statement 2 is true: The P20 was inaugurated in 2010 under Canada's G20 presidency. Thus, 2 only is correct.

P20 پارلیمانی اسپیکروں کی کانفرنس ہے (نہ کہ صدور کی) جس کا آغاز کینیڈا کی صدارت میں 2010 میں ہوا، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

393📚📜 Ancient & Medieval History of JammuDev Dynasty Rulers of Jammu

Which ruler of the Dev Dynasty defeated Mahmud of Ghazni with the combined strength of Jammu hill chiefs?

Explanation

According to Dogra chronicles and the Rajdarshani, Raja Bhuj Dev of Jammu united the hill chieftains and inflicted a defeat on Ghaznavid forces during one of their northern expeditions.

راج درشنی کے مطابق راجہ بھوج دیو (Bhuj Dev) نے جموں کے پہاڑی سرداروں کے ساتھ مل کر غزنوی فوجوں کا مقابلہ کیا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

394📚🚆 Infrastructure & USBRL ProjectUdhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL)

What percentage of the 48-km railway line between Banihal to Sangaldan passes through tunnels?

Explanation

Out of the 48.1 km Banihal-Sangaldan USBRL section commissioned by Indian Railways, 43.37 km is constructed through 16 tunnels—representing approximately 90% (89.8%) of the entire track alignment.

بانہال-سنگلدان ریلوے سیکشن کا تقریباً 90 فیصد (43.37 کلومیٹر) ٹریک سرنگوں (Tunnels) سے گزرتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

395📚🚆 Railways & Transport in J&KUSBRL Project Milestones: Banihal-Qazigund

When was the Banihal-Qazigund section of the railway project inaugurated?

Explanation

The historic 18-km Banihal-Qazigund railway section (featuring the 11.2 km Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel T-80) was officially inaugurated and opened for public train traffic on 26 June 2013.

بانہال-قاضی گنڈ ریلوے ٹریک اور پیر پنجال سرنگ کا افتتاح جون 2013 میں کیا گیا تھا۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

396📚🛣️ Highways & Transport in J&KNational Highways of J&K (NH 44)

Which of the following national highways passes through Jammu and Kashmir?

Explanation

National Highway 44 (NH 44, the longest national highway in India running from Srinagar to Kanyakumari) is the primary arterial highway passing through J&K. (NH-1 also connects Srinagar to Uri and Leh).

قومی شاہراہ 44 (NH-44) سری نگر سے کنیا کماری تک جموں و کشمیر سے گزرنے والی اہم ترین ہائی وے ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

397📚📖 Kashmiri Literature & PoetryKashmiri Poets: Mahjoor and Habba Khatoon

Consider the following statements:
1. Mahjoor (Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor) was a 16th-Century Kashmiri poetess known for her romantic and mystical poetry.
2. Habba Khatoon was a prominent 20th Century Kashmiri poet known for his nationalist and romantic poetry of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

Explanation

Both statements have identities and centuries swapped: Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor was a revolutionary 20th-century male poet ('Shair-e-Kashmir'), while Habba Khatoon ('Nightingale of Kashmir') was a 16th-century poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak. Thus, Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں کیونکہ مہجور 20ویں صدی کے قومی شاعر تھے اور حبہ خاتون 16ویں صدی کی ملکہ اور شاعرہ تھیں (Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

398📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blank with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below:
We should prevent damage _____ and theft of public property.

Explanation

The noun 'damage' takes the preposition 'to' (damage to public property): "We should prevent damage to and theft of public property."

لفظ 'damage' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'to' آتی ہے: "damage to public property".

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

399📚💻 Computer KnowledgeAntivirus Software

McAfee is an example of

Explanation

McAfee is a globally renowned cybersecurity company and antivirus software program designed to detect and eradicate malware.

میکافی (McAfee) اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر کی مثال ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

400📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS ExcelCell Referencing: Relative vs Absolute

In MS Excel, which of the following is an absolute cell reference?

Explanation

In Microsoft Excel, placing dollar signs before both the column letter and row number (

A

1) creates an Absolute Cell Reference that locks the coordinates during formula autofill.

ایم ایس ایکسل میں ایبسولیوٹ سیل ریفرنس کے لیے کا نشان (A\USD 1) استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

401📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput Devices: Joystick

For what purpose, the joystick is used?

Explanation

A Joystick is an input pointing device featuring a pivoting stick used predominantly for flight simulators and computer gaming control.

جوائے اسٹک بنیادی طور پر کمپیوٹر گیمنگ (Computer gaming) کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

402📚🧩 Logical ReasoningAnalogy: Biological & Nutritional Relationships

Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term:
Body : Vitamin :: Crop : ?

Explanation

Vitamins are vital supplementary nutrients required for the healthy growth and nourishment of the human Body; similarly, Fertilizers are essential supplementary nutrients applied to nourish and grow agricultural Crops.

جس طرح جسم کو وٹامن کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے، اسی طرح فصل کو کھاد (Fertilizer) کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

403📚🚗 Road Safety & Traffic ManagementSpeed Limits and Accident Prevention

Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing

Explanation

Calibrating and reducing traffic speed significantly reduces vehicle stopping distance and collision energy, drastically lowering the Number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.

گاڑی کی رفتار کم رکھنے سے سڑک حادثات (Number of crashes) میں نمایاں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

404📚🚗 Motor Vehicle LawsDuties of Driver in Road Accidents (Section 134)

What must you do when any property of a third party is damaged due to an accident?

Explanation

Under Section 134(b) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, the driver must report the accident and third-party property damage to the nearest police station within 24 hours.

حادثے میں تیسرے فریق کا نقصان ہونے پر ڈرائیور کو 24 گھنٹے کے اندر قریبی تھانے میں رپورٹ کرنا لازمی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

405📚🚗 Driver Hand SignalsOvertaking Signals

A driver moving their hand in a forward sweeping motion represents:

Explanation

Extending the right arm below shoulder level and waving it forward and backward gives clear permission to following vehicles behind to safely overtake.

پیچھے آنے والی گاڑی کو اوورٹیک کرنے کی اجازت دینے کا اشارہ۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

406📚🚗 Traffic Signals & IntersectionsFlashing Amber Light Rules

Approaching an intersection where the yellow signal light is blinking, you should

Explanation

A flashing amber/yellow signal light requires drivers to slow down, look in all directions, and proceed with caution only after ensuring the intersection is clear and safe.

پیلے رنگ کی ٹمٹماتی بتی پر رفتار دھیمی کریں اور سڑک محفوظ ہونے کی تسلی کر کے احتیاط سے آگے بڑھیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

407📚🗺️ Basic Cartography & Map ReadingComponents of a Map

Among (i) Distance, (ii) Direction, and (iii) Symbol, which are the components of a map?

Explanation

In basic cartography, there are three fundamental essential components of every map: 1. Distance (Scale), 2. Direction (Cardinal orientation / Compass rose), and 3. Symbols (Conventional signs).

نقشے کے تین بنیادی اجزاء فاصلہ، سمت اور علامات (i, ii, iii) سبھی شامل ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

408📚🛑 Mandatory Road SignsSpeed Limit Signs

A circular speed sign with the number "50" enclosed in a red circle represents:

Explanation

A circular sign featuring a number inside a red border specifies the Maximum Speed Limit (

50\text{ km/hr}

) permitted on that roadway.

سرخ دائرے میں 50 کا ہندسہ زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کی حد (Maximum speed limit) کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

409📚🛣️ Highway Engineering & Road PavementsPavement Reflectivity & Night Visibility

During night driving, which type of pavement provides greater visibility?

Explanation

White/light-grey Cement Concrete pavement has a much higher albedo and diffuse reflectance than dark black bituminous asphalt, providing superior night-time contrast and visibility.

سفید کنکریٹ کی سڑک (Concrete pavement) کالی ڈامر والی سڑک کے مقابلے میں رات کو زیادہ روشنی منعکس کر کے واضح دکھائی دیتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

410📚🔧 Automotive MechanicsBraking Physics & Friction

What is the fundamental mechanical principle on which vehicle braking systems work?

Explanation

Automotive braking systems operate on mechanical Friction—forcing brake pads/shoes against rotating discs/drums to convert kinetic energy into thermal heat energy.

گاڑی کا بریکنگ سسٹم رگڑ (Friction) کے بنیادی اصول پر کام کرتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

411📚🚗 Automotive Safety SystemsAnti-lock Braking System (ABS)

What does abbreviation "ABS" of a motor vehicle stand for?

Explanation

ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System, an active safety system that modulates hydraulic brake pressure during hard braking to prevent wheel lockup.

ABS کا مخفف 'Anti-lock braking system' ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

412📚⚖️ Motor Vehicle Insurance LawsSection 146: Mandatory Third-Party Insurance

Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: As per Indian Motor Vehicles Act 1988, a comprehensive motor insurance policy is mandatory.
Statement-2: Third-party liability insurance is optional for Indian vehicles.
Choose the correct combination:

Explanation

Under Section 146 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: Third-Party Liability Insurance is legally MANDATORY, while Comprehensive Own-Damage Insurance is OPTIONAL. Both statements in the question are false.

تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس قانونی طور پر لازمی ہے جبکہ جامع انشورنس اختیاری ہے، اس لیے دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Both false)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

413📚⚖️ Motor Vehicle InsuranceMotor Insurance Policy Terms and Third-Party Liabilities

Consider the following statements regarding motor insurance:
Statement-1: Motor insurance does not provide compensation if the driver does not possess a valid driving licence.
Statement-2: Third-party motor insurance covers a third person who has been injured in an accident involving the vehicle.
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Both statements are correct insurance principles: Driving without a valid driving licence breaches policy terms and invalidates own-damage claims (Statement 1), and Third-party insurance specifically indemnifies bodily injury/loss to third parties (Statement 2).

انشورنس کے دونوں بیانات (1 اور 2) قانوناً بالکل درست ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

414📚🔧 Automotive Transmission SystemsDriveline & Differential Gears

Which among the following components is used in the transmission system of a motor vehicle?

Explanation

The automobile driveline / transmission system consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and Differential Gears (which allow outer wheels to rotate faster than inner wheels during cornering).

ٹرانسمیشن سسٹم میں انجن کی طاقت پہیوں تک پہنچانے کے لیے ڈیفرینشل گیئرز (Differential gears) استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

415📚🔧 Air Induction SystemsAir Filters: Oil Bath vs Dry Paper Cartridge

Among the following options, which type of air cleaner is traditionally highly effective in heavy-duty commercial diesel engines?

Explanation

Oil Bath Air Cleaners draw intake air over an oil reservoir and wire mesh, capturing heavy dust, sand, and particulate matter with high dirt-holding capacity in heavy commercial diesel engines.

ہیوی ڈیزل گاڑیوں میں آئل باتھ ایئر فلٹر (Oil bath type) گرد و غبار صاف کرنے میں انتہائی مؤثر ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Transport / Various Departments

416📚📜 Ancient History of J&KFourth Buddhist Council at Kundalvana

Who among the following presided over the Buddhist Council held during the reign of Kanishka at Kashmir?

Explanation

The Fourth Buddhist Council at Kundalvana (Kashmir) in 72 AD during Kushan Emperor Kanishka's reign was presided over by Acharya Vasumitra (with Asvaghosha as vice-president).

کشمیر میں منعقد ہونے والی چوتھی بدھ مت کونسل کی صدارت وسومتر (Vasumitra) نے کی تھی۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

417📚🛣️ Infrastructure & Tunnels in J&KZojila Tunnel Project

Zojila tunnel connects Jammu and Kashmir with which state/UT?

Explanation

The 14.15 km all-weather Zojila Tunnel beneath the Zoji La Pass connects Baltal/Sonamarg in J&K UT with Dras and Kargil in Ladakh UT along NH-1.

زوجیلا سرنگ جموں و کشمیر کو یونین ٹیریٹری لداخ (Ladakh) سے جوڑتی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

418📚🗺️ Boundaries & GeographyInternational Boundary Lines: Radcliffe Line

Which of the following countries are divided by the Radcliffe Line?

Explanation

The Radcliffe Line, drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the 1947 partition, demarcates the international border between India and Pakistan.

ریڈکلف لائن ہندوستان اور پاکستان کے درمیان بین الاقوامی سرحد کا تعین کرتی ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

419📚🗺️ Tourism & Geography of J&KPopular Tourist Destinations: Gulmarg

What is Gulmarg famously known as?

Explanation

Gulmarg (originally named Gauri Marg and renamed Gulmarg by Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak) is famously known as the 'Meadow of Flowers'.

گلمرگ کو 'پھولوں کی وادی' یعنی 'Meadow of Flowers' کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

420📚🔬 Biology & VitaminsVitamins and Coagulation

Excessive bleeding during an injury is caused by the deficiency of

Explanation

Vitamin K (phylloquinone/menaquinone) is the essential cofactor required for the hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors (prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X); its deficiency causes hemorrhagic bleeding.

وٹامن کے (Vitamin K) کی کمی سے خون جمنے کی صلاحیت متاثر ہوتی ہے اور زیادہ خون بہتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

421📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Generations: Transistors

During the second generation, the size of computers was decreased by replacing vacuum tubes with

Explanation

Second-generation computers (1956–1963) replaced bulky, fragile vacuum tubes with solid-state Transistors (invented at Bell Labs).

کمپیوٹر کی دوسری نسل میں ویکیوم ٹیوبز کی جگہ ٹرانزسٹرز (Transistors) استعمال کیے گئے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

422📚📈 Indian Economy & Union Budget 2024Blue Economy 2.0 Framework

Which one of the following best describes the term 'Blue Economy 2.0', highlighted in the Union Budget 2024?

Explanation

Blue Economy 2.0 focuses on the sustainable economic utilization, conservation, and regeneration of marine, ocean, and coastal resources, including maritime aquaculture and coastal tourism.

بلیو اکانومی 2.0 کا تعلق سمندروں، ساحلی وسائل اور سمندری معیشت کے پائیدار فروغ سے ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

423📚🗺️ International Borders & Strategic GeographyIndia-Myanmar Border & Free Movement Regime

With reference to the India-Myanmar Border, consider the following statements:
1. It was demarcated by the British Government in India in 1826.
2. It extends along the States of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura.
3. The Free Movement Regime enables tribes along the border to travel up to 16 km inside the neighbouring country without a visa.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 3 are correct: Border demarcation originated from the 1826 Treaty of Yandabo, and the FMR permitted border residents to travel 16 km across. Statement 2 is false because the 1,643 km border is shared with Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram (not Assam, Meghalaya, or Tripura). Thus, 1 and 3 only are correct.

ہندوستان-میانمار سرحد کے بیانات 1 اور 3 درست ہیں (صرف اروناچل، ناگالینڈ، منی پور، میزورم بارڈر شیئر کرتے ہیں)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

424📚🔬 Physics: Wave MotionProperties of Elastic Media for Wave Propagation

The fundamental physical properties of a medium necessary for mechanical wave propagation are its:

Explanation

For propagation of mechanical acoustic/sound waves through a medium, the medium must possess Elasticity (to restore displaced particles), Inertia (to store kinetic energy), and low damping resistance. All of the above are essential.

میکانیکی لہروں کے سفر کے لیے میڈیم میں جمود، لچک اور کم مزاحمت (All of the above) ضروری ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

425📚⚡ Electrical MeasurementsMeasuring Instruments: Ohmmeter

An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument used for measuring:

Explanation

An Ohmmeter is an electronic instrument specifically designed to measure Electrical Resistance (in Ohms

\Omega

).

اوہم میٹر برقی مزاحمت (Electrical Resistance) ناپنے کا آلہ ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

426📚🔬 Classical Mechanics & PhysicsNewton's Laws & Conservation of Momentum

Which of these fundamental physical properties is conserved as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?

Explanation

Because action and reaction forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (

F_{12} = -F_{21}

), the net internal impulse is zero, establishing the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.

نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون حرکت کا براہ راست نتیجہ لکیری مومینٹم کا بقا (Conservation of Momentum) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Finance Department

427📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

What does the idiom "salt of the earth" mean?

Explanation

'Salt of the earth' refers to a fundamentally good, honest, humble, and reliable person.

'Salt of the earth' کا مطلب ایک نہایت مخلص، نیک اور ایماندار انسان (Genuine, good and honest) ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Social Welfare Department

428📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries

In which sentence is the modal verb used to express necessity/obligation?

Explanation

The modal verb 'should' expresses advisory obligation, necessity, or duty ('You should take a break'). 'Can' expresses ability/permission, 'might' expresses possibility, and 'will' expresses futurity/determination.

'You should take a break' میں موڈل ورب 'should' ضرورت اور نصیحت کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Social Welfare Department

429📚🌱 Biology & AgricultureSericulture: Silk Extraction

Silk, the natural protein fiber, is obtained from

Explanation

Natural silk fiber is harvested from the protective pupal Cocoons spun by the larvae of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) during sericulture.

قدرتی ریشم کا دھاگہ ریشم کے کیڑے کے کوکون (Cocoon) سے حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Social Welfare Department

430📚⚖️ Indian Polity & Constitution44th Amendment Act & Article 300A

The Right to Property was converted from a Fundamental Right into a Constitutional Legal Right by which Constitutional Amendment?

Explanation

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 repealed Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31, transforming the Right to Property into a legal/constitutional right under Article 300A in Part XII.

44ویں آئینی ترمیم (1978) کے ذریعے حق جائیداد کو بنیادی حقوق سے نکال کر قانونی حق بنایا گیا۔

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431📚📊 Demography of IndiaDemographic History: 1911-1921 Negative Growth

In which single census decade did India's population record a negative growth rate of

-0.31\%

?

Explanation

During the 1911–1921 decade, widespread famine, severe drought, and the catastrophic 1918 Spanish Influenza pandemic caused India's population to decline by

-0.31\%

, earning 1921 the title 'The Year of the Great Divide'.

1911 سے 1921 کی دہائی میں وبائی امراض کی وجہ سے ہندوستان کی آبادی میں منفی شرح نمو ریکارڈ ہوئی۔

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432📚🗺️ Tourism & Geography of J&KMajor Tourist Hubs: Gulmarg

Gulmarg in the Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir is famously known as the

Explanation

Gulmarg (literally meaning 'Meadow of Flowers' in Persian/Kashmiri) is famous for its vibrant wildflower meadows and world-class ski resort.

گلمرگ کو 'پھولوں کی وادی' (Meadow of Flowers) کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔

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433📚💻 Network SecurityFirewalls & Network Defense

What is a Firewall in a Computer Network?

Explanation

A Firewall is a hardware or software-based network security system that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules.

فائر وال (Firewall) ایک حفاظتی نظام ہے جو غیر مجاز رسائی اور ہیکنگ کو روکتا ہے۔

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434📚💻 CybersecurityMalware Defense: Anti-Spyware

What is Anti-Spyware software?

Explanation

Anti-Spyware is specialized security software that detects, blocks, quarantines, and removes unauthorized tracking and spyware software designed to steal user data.

اینٹی اسپائی ویئر وہ سافٹ ویئر ہے جو چوری چھپے انسٹال ہونے والے جاسوسی پروگرامز کو ڈیلیٹ کرتا ہے۔

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435📚⚖️ Indian Constitution: Fundamental RightsRight to Equality: Article 17

Which category of Fundamental Rights in Part III of the Indian Constitution incorporates the 'Abolition of Untouchability' under Article 17?

Explanation

Article 17 (Abolition of Untouchability and prohibition of its practice) is part of the 'Right to Equality' grouping under Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution.

چھوت چھات کا خاتمہ (آرٹیکل 17) برابری کے بنیادی حق (Right to Equality) کے تحت آتا ہے۔

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436📚🧠 Child DevelopmentPiaget's Sensorimotor Stage

What is the primary developmental milestone during the Sensorimotor stage (0 to 2 years) according to Piaget's Cognitive Theory?

Explanation

During the Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), infants explore the world through sensory inputs (looking, hearing) coordinated with motor actions, ultimately developing Object Permanence.

پہلے مرحلے (سینسری موٹر) میں بچہ حسی تجربات اور جسمانی حرکات میں ربط قائم کرتا ہے۔

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437📚👶 Nutrition & Child DevelopmentPOSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission)

What is the primary overarching objective of POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission)?

Explanation

POSHAN Abhiyaan (Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment), launched in March 2018, aims to improve nutritional outcomes for children (0–6 years), pregnant women, and lactating mothers by curbing stunting, wasting, and anemia.

پوشن ابھیان کا بنیادی ہدف بچوں اور خواتین میں غذائی قلت، اسٹنٹنگ اور خون کی کمی (انیمیا) کو ختم کرنا ہے۔

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438📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions in Context

Fill in the blanks: "The team worked tirelessly _______ the guidance of their coach to improve their performance _______ the challenging season."

Explanation

One works 'under the guidance' of a mentor, and events occur 'during the season'

\implies

"under, during".

درست پریپوزیشنز: 'under the guidance' اور 'during the season' ہیں۔

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439📚🌊 Multipurpose River Valley ProjectsSrisailam Dam & Krishna River

Consider the following statements about Srisailam Dam:
1. The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River on the border of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
2. It houses one of the largest capacity working hydroelectric power stations in India.
3. It is 512 m long, 145 m high, with 12 radial crest gates.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Explanation

All statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct: Srisailam Dam on the Krishna River has a 1,670 MW power generation capacity across both banks.

سری سیلم ڈیم کے بارے میں تمام بیانات (1، 2 اور 3) درست ہیں۔

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440📚🌊 Dams and Water Resources of IndiaMajor Dams of Karnataka

Match the dams in Karnataka with their corresponding rivers:
i) Supa Dam — 3. Kali / Kalinadi River
ii) Almatti Dam — 2. Krishna River
iii) Linganamakki Dam — 1. Sharavathi River

Explanation

Dams and rivers in Karnataka: Supa Dam is built on the Kalinadi River (i-3); Almatti Dam on the Krishna River (ii-2); Linganamakki Dam on the Sharavathi River (iii-1)

\implies

i-3, ii-2, iii-1.

کرناٹک کے ڈیم: سوپا ڈیم (کالیندی i-3)، الماتی ڈیم (کرشنا ii-2)، لنگنا مکی ڈیم (شراوتی iii-1)۔

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441📚⚡ Hydroelectric Projects in J&KPakal Dul Hydroelectric Project

Consider the following statements about the Pakal Dul Hydroelectric Project (HEP):
1. It is an under-construction 1,000 MW (1 GW) capacity HEP.
2. It is located on the Marusudar river (a major tributary of the Chenab) in the Kishtwar district of J&K.
3. It features a 167 m high concrete-face rockfill dam.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Explanation

All three statements are correct: The Pakal Dul HEP is a 1,000 MW project being built by CVPPPL on the Marusudar river at Drangal village in Kishtwar district with a 167m high rockfill dam.

پاکل دل پن بجلی منصوبے کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔

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442📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms

Choose the word most opposite in meaning to: MOLLIFY

Explanation

'Mollify' means to appease, soothe, or calm someone's anger. Its direct antonym is 'Enrage' (to make extremely angry or infuriate).

'Mollify' (غصہ ٹھنڈا کرنا) کا متضاد لفظ 'Enrage' (اشتعال دلانا / غصہ دلانا) ہے۔

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443📚⚡ Hydroelectric Projects of J&KSalal Hydroelectric Project

The Salal Hydroelectric Project (690 MW) is situated in which State/UT?

Explanation

Salal Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-the-river power station constructed on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir.

صلال پن بجلی منصوبہ ضلع ریاسی (جموں و کشمیر) میں دریائے چناب پر واقع ہے۔

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444📚💻 MS Excel FundamentalsSpreadsheet Components: Cells

The rectangular intersection of a column and a row in a spreadsheet worksheet is called a

Explanation

A Cell is the fundamental building block in a spreadsheet created by the intersection of a vertical column and a horizontal row (e.g., A1, B5).

قطار اور کالم کے درمیانی خانے کو سیل (Cell) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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445📚💻 MS PowerPointSlide Transitions vs Animations

In Microsoft PowerPoint, special visual effects used to introduce and transition between slides during a presentation are called

Explanation

Slide Transitions are the motion effects that occur when moving from one slide to the next during a full Slide Show.

ایک سلائیڈ سے دوسری سلائیڈ پر جاتے وقت ظاہر ہونے والے اثرات کو سلائیڈ ٹرانزیشنز (Slide transitions) کہتے ہیں۔

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446📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeMensuration: Solid Volume

A wall measuring

6\text{ m} \times 5\text{ m} \times 0.5\text{ m}

is constructed using bricks measuring

25\text{ cm} \times 12.5\text{ cm} \times 7.5\text{ cm}

. If mortar occupies 10% of the wall volume, how many bricks are required?

Explanation

Wall volume

= 600 \times 500 \times 50 = 15,000,000\text{ cm}^3

. Brick volume required

= 0.90 \times 15,000,000 = 13,500,000\text{ cm}^3

. Volume of 1 brick

= 25 \times 12.5 \times 7.5 = 2343.75\text{ cm}^3

. Number of bricks

= \frac{13500000}{2343.75} = 5760

.

دیوار بنانے کے لیے 5,760 اینٹوں کی ضرورت ہوگی۔

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447📚🌍 International Days & ThemesWorld Pulses Day 2023 Theme

What was the official theme of 'World Pulses Day' 2023 celebrated on February 10?

Explanation

The United Nations FAO designated 'Pulses for a Sustainable Future' as the theme for World Pulses Day 2023 to highlight the role of pulses in soil biodiversity and food security.

ورلڈ پلسز ڈے 2023 کا تھیم 'Pulses for a Sustainable Future' تھا۔

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448📚🎭 Folk Dances of Jammu & KashmirFolk Dances: Letri Dance

The traditional folk dance 'Letri Dance' of the Jammu region is classified as a

Explanation

Letri is a traditional community labor dance performed by farmers and workers in the hills of Jammu during agricultural stone-breaking, wood-clearing, and harvesting tasks.

لیتری ڈانس محنت کشوں اور کسانوں کا روایتی رقص (Labour Dance) ہے۔

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449📚🛣️ Infrastructure of J&KDr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel

The 9.28 km Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44 in Jammu & Kashmir was renamed in honor of:

Explanation

In October 2019, India's longest bidirectional road tunnel, the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel in Udhampur/Ramban, was officially renamed the Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel.

چنانی ناشری سرنگ کا نیا نام ڈاکٹر شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل رکھا گیا ہے۔

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450📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaOceanic Channels: 10 Degree Channel

The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated from each other by the

Explanation

The Ten Degree Channel (

10^\circ\text{ N}

latitude) is a 150 km wide oceanic channel that separates the Andaman Islands to the north from the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.

انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کو 10 ڈگری چینل (Ten Degree Channel) الگ کرتا ہے۔

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451📚🗺️ Tourism & States of IndiaState Nicknames: Kerala

Which south Indian state's official tourism slogan and moniker is 'God's Own Country'?

Explanation

Kerala is globally marketed and celebrated as 'God's Own Country' due to its lush tropical greenery, serene backwaters, and biodiversity.

'God's Own Country' ریاست کیرالہ (Kerala) کو کہا جاتا ہے۔

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452📚📜 Ancient Indian LiteratureClassical Sanskrit Fables: Panchatantra

The famous ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables 'Panchatantra' by Vishnu Sharma was composed during the

Explanation

The Panchatantra was composed by scholar Pandit Vishnu Sharma during the classical golden age of the Gupta Empire (circa 3rd to 5th century CE).

پنچ تنتر کی مشہور کہانیاں گپتا دور (Gupta period) میں لکھی گئیں۔

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453📚📜 Medieval Indian HistorySecond Battle of Panipat (1556)

The Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556) was fought between Hemu and the Mughal army during the reign of which Emperor?

Explanation

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the young Mughal Emperor Akbar (led by Bairam Khan) and King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (Hemu), establishing Mughal supremacy in northern India.

پانی پت کی دوسری لڑائی (1556) مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے دور میں ہیمو کے خلاف لڑی گئی۔

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454📚📜 History and Tourism of J&KNaming of Gulmarg by Yousuf Shah Chak

Gulmarg was originally named Gourimarg, and was renamed Gulmarg ('Meadow of Flowers') by which Kashmiri sultan?

Explanation

Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak (reigned 1579–1586), enchanted by the valley's wildflower blooms while visiting with Habba Khatoon, changed its name from Gourimarg to Gulmarg.

گوری مرگ کا نام بدل کر 'گلمرگ' سلطان یوسف شاہ چک (Yousuf Shah Chak) نے رکھا تھا۔

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455📚🌾 Agriculture & Festivals of J&KPampore Saffron Festival

In which month is the vibrant Saffron Festival (Jashn-e-Zafran) celebrated in Pampore, Jammu & Kashmir?

Explanation

The Saffron Festival is celebrated in November during the peak autumn purple blossom harvest season across the Karewas of Pampore.

پامپور میں زعفران فیسٹیول فصل کٹائی کے دوران نومبر (November) میں منایا جاتا ہے۔

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456📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryQuit India Movement: Do or Die Slogan

Which Indian freedom fighter gave the clarion call slogan 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) during the Quit India Movement in 1942?

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi delivered the famous 'Do or Die' speech at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on 8 August 1942, launching the Quit India Movement.

1942 کی بھارت چھوڑو تحریک میں 'کرو یا مرو' (Do or Die) کا نعرہ مہاتما گاندھی نے دیا تھا۔

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457📚📈 Indian EconomySectors of the Economy

Which of the following economic activities comes under the Tertiary (Services) Sector of the economy?

Explanation

Tourism and hospitality provide intangible consumer services and belong to the Tertiary sector. (Mining is primary, and manufacturing is secondary).

سیاحت (Tourism) معیشت کے تیسرے شعبے یعنی سروسز سیکٹر (Tertiary sector) کا حصہ ہے۔

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458📚⚡ Hydroelectric Projects in J&KUri Dam on Jhelum River

The Uri Hydroelectric Dam (Uri-I and Uri-II) is located on which river in the Baramulla district of Jammu & Kashmir?

Explanation

The Uri Hydroelectric Project (480 MW Uri-I and 240 MW Uri-II) is constructed on the Jhelum River near the Line of Control in Baramulla district, Kashmir.

اوڑی ہائیڈرو الیکٹرک ڈیم دریائے جہلم (بارہمولہ، کشمیر) پر واقع ہے۔

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459📚⚖️ Indian Constitution: Fundamental Rights & WritsWrits: Mandamus (Articles 32 & 226)

Which constitutional writ issued by the Supreme Court or High Courts commands a public official or authority to perform a mandatory statutory duty that they have failed or refused to perform?

Explanation

The writ of Mandamus (Latin for 'We Command') is an order issued to compel a public official, body, or tribunal to perform an obligatory public duty.

سرکاری افسر کو اپنے فرائض کی انجام دہی کا حکم دینے والی رٹ مینڈی مس (Mandamus) کہلاتی ہے۔

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460📚📜 Mughal Gardens of KashmirMughal Architecture in Kashmir

Which Mughal Emperor laid out the iconic Shalimar Bagh (1619) and visited the Nishat Bagh on the banks of Dal Lake in Srinagar?

Explanation

Emperor Jahangir laid out Shalimar Bagh in 1619 for his empress Nur Jahan. (Nishat Bagh was built nearby in 1633 by Asif Khan, Nur Jahan's brother, during Jahangir/Shah Jahan's era).

شالیمار باغ مغل شہنشاہ جہانگیر (Jahangir) نے 1619 میں بنوایا تھا۔

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461📚🏰 Forts and Monuments of J&KRajouri Fort (Dhanidhar Fort)

Who built the historic Rajouri Fort (Dhanidhar Fort) at Dhanidhar village in Rajouri?

Explanation

The Dhanidhar Fort (Rajouri Fort) was constructed in 1855 AD by Mian Hathu, the then Dogra Governor of Rajouri under Maharaja Gulab Singh.

دھنی دھر قلعہ (راجوری) 1855 میں میاں ہتھو (Mian Hathu) نے تعمیر کروایا تھا۔

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462📚🛡️ Defense & National SecurityBSF Operations: Operation Alert

Which specialized security operation was launched by the Border Security Force (BSF) along the India-Pakistan International Border in J&K to prevent cross-border infiltration?

Explanation

The BSF frequently launches 'Operation Alert' along the 200 km International Border in Jammu to step up electronic surveillance and counter foggy winter infiltration attempts.

بی ایس ایف نے دراندازی روکنے کے لیے 'آپریشن الرٹ' (Operation Alert) شروع کیا۔

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463📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTKargil War & Military Operations in J&K

Which operation was launched to regain control of Kargil during the 1999 war?

Explanation

Operation Vijay was launched by the Indian Armed Forces in May 1999 to recapture Indian territories occupied by Pakistani infiltrators in the Kargil-Drass sectors of Jammu and Kashmir.

1999 के कारगिल युद्ध के दौरान भारतीय सेना ने कारगिल की चोटियों को पुनः अपने नियंत्रण में लेने के लिए 'ऑपरेशन विजय' शुरू किया था।

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464📚Indian Polity, Constitution & GovernanceFundamental Rights & Union of States

Explanation

1. Article 1 defines India, that is Bharat, as a Union of States (III)
2. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws (II)
3. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (I).
Hence, the correct matching is 1-III, 2-II, 3-I.

1. अनुच्छेद 1: भारत राज्यों का संघ है (III)
2. अनुच्छेद 14: विधि के समक्ष समानता (II)
3. अनुच्छेद 16: सार्वजनिक रोजगार में अवसर की समानता (I)।
सही विकल्प 1-III, 2-II, 3-I है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

465📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Constitutional History & Integration

Why was the Jammu & Kashmir Constitution abrogated in 2019?

Explanation

The abrogation of Article 370 and the J&K Constitution was undertaken to foster complete national integration, eliminate discriminatory residency/domicile barriers, extend fundamental central laws, and accelerate socio-economic development and investments across the region.

2019 में जम्मू-कश्मीर के विशेष दर्जे और अलग संविधान को समाप्त करने का उद्देश्य पूर्ण राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण, सभी नागरिकों को समान अधिकार प्रदान करना और क्षेत्र में आर्थिक सुधार व निवेश को गति देना था (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

466📚History of India & National MovementSwadeshi Movement & Partition of Bengal 1905

When were the 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' methods of struggle first adopted in India?

Explanation

The Swadeshi and Boycott movements were first adopted as mass agitation methods during the anti-partition agitation of Bengal in 1905, officially proclaimed at the Calcutta Town Hall on August 7, 1905.

'स्वदेशी' और 'बहिष्कार' के तरीकों को भारत में पहली बार 1905 के बंगाल विभाजन विरोधी आंदोलन के दौरान अपनाया गया था।

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467📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsIndian Art, Culture & Classical Folk Dances

Explanation

1. Andhra Pradesh: Lambadi and Dhimsa folk dances (I)
2. Gujarat: Bhavai and Juriun/Garba folk dances (II)
3. Kerala: Kathakali (classical) and Ottamthullal folk dance (III).
Correct matching code is 1-I, 2-II, 3-III.

1. आंध्र प्रदेश: लंबाडी, ढिमसा (I)
2. गुजरात: भवई, जुरियन (II)
3. केरल: कथकली, ओट्टमथुल्लल (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-I, 2-II, 3-III है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

468📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTTourism & Major Lakes of Jammu & Kashmir

Which of the following highlights the economic significance of Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir?

Explanation

Dal Lake, known as the 'Jewel in the crown of Kashmir', is the backbone of Srinagar's tourism economy through its iconic shikaras, heritage houseboats, floating vegetable markets, and handicraft trade.

डल झील शिकारा की सवारी, हाउसबोट और पर्यटन के लिए विश्व प्रसिद्ध है, जो कश्मीर की स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था और आजीविका में प्रमुख योगदान देती है।

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469📚General English & ComprehensionSynonyms & Antonyms

Choose the correct antonym of the word: LISSOME

Explanation

'Lissome' means slim, supple, flexible, and graceful in movement. Its direct antonym is 'Ungainly', which means awkward, clumsy, or ungraceful.

'Lissome' का अर्थ लचीला, फुर्तीला और आकर्षक होता है। इसका सटीक विलोम शब्द 'Ungainly' (भद्दा या बेढंगा) है।

2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments

470📚General English & ComprehensionHomophones & Word Usage

Fill in the blanks: The dog took a ______ during his walk and raised his ______ to show that he was tired.

Explanation

'Pause' means a temporary stop/break, while 'paws' refers to the feet of an animal: 'The dog took a pause during his walk and raised his paws...'

रुकने के लिए 'pause' और कुत्ते के पंजों के लिए 'paws' का प्रयोग होगा। अतः 'pause; paws' सही है।

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471📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsGeometry & Circles

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
II. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Choose the correct Statement:

Explanation

Both are fundamental theorems of circle geometry (Class 10 NCERT / CBSE):
- Theorem 10.1: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
- Theorem 10.2: The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Thus, Both I and II are correct.

कथन I और II दोनों वृत्त ज्यामिति के आधारभूत प्रमेय हैं: (I) स्पर्श रेखा स्पर्श बिंदु पर त्रिज्या पर लंब होती है, और (II) बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखाओं की लंबाइयाँ बराबर होती हैं। अतः दोनों I और II सही हैं।

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472📚Statistics & DemographyData Interpretation & Bar Graphs

The maximum difference between the amount invested in Raw materials and the value of sales of finished goods was during the year?
(Raw materials vs. Sales: 2000: 130 vs 210; 2001: 235 vs 310; 2002: 430 vs 550; 2003: 340 vs 420; 2004: 565 vs 640; 2005: 440 vs 480)

Explanation

Differences (Sales - Raw Materials in Lakh Rs.):
- 2000:

210 - 130 = 80

- 2001:

310 - 235 = 75

- 2002:

550 - 430 = 120

(Maximum)
- 2003:

420 - 340 = 80

- 2004:

640 - 565 = 75

- 2005:

480 - 440 = 40

The maximum difference occurred in the year 2002.

अंतर की गणना:
2002 में अंतर

= 550 - 430 = 120

लाख रुपये, जो सभी वर्षों में सर्वाधिक है।

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473📚Statistics & DemographyData Interpretation & Bar Graphs

What was the difference between the average amount invested in Raw materials during the given period and the average value of sales of finished goods during this period?

Explanation

- Total Raw Materials

= 130 + 235 + 430 + 340 + 565 + 440 = 2140\text{ Lakhs}

- Average Raw Materials

= \frac{2140}{6} = 356.67\text{ Lakhs}

- Total Sales

= 210 + 310 + 550 + 420 + 640 + 480 = 2610\text{ Lakhs}

- Average Sales

= \frac{2610}{6} = 435.00\text{ Lakhs}

Difference between averages:

\text{Diff} = 435.00 - 356.67 = 78.33\text{ Lakhs}.

औसत बिक्री

= \frac{2610}{6} = 435.00

लाख।
कच्चे माल का औसत

= \frac{2140}{6} = 356.67

लाख।
अंतर

= 435.00 - 356.67 = 78.33

लाख रुपये।

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474📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCyber Security & Virtualization

Explanation

1. Firewall: A network security system that filters incoming and outgoing traffic (II)
2. Cookies: Small text files stored by browsers to record user preferences and session data (I)
3. Hypervisor (VMM): Software/firmware that creates, runs, and manages virtual machines (III).
Correct matching code is 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.

1. फ़ायरवॉल: इनकमिंग और आउटगोइंग डेटा को फ़िल्टर करता है (II)
2. कुकीज़: उपयोगकर्ता प्राथमिकताओं और सत्र को सहेजती हैं (I)
3. हाइपरवाइजर: वर्चुअल मशीनों को प्रबंधित करता है (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।

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475📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningAnalogies & Classification

Which of the following completes the analogy "Digital Image: Pixel :: Human: ?"

Explanation

A pixel is the fundamental, indivisible building block of a digital image. Similarly, a cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of a human.

डिजिटल इमेज की सबसे छोटी मूलभूत इकाई पिक्सेल (Pixel) होती है, उसी प्रकार मानव शरीर की सबसे छोटी संरचनात्मक इकाई कोशिका (Cell) होती है।

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476📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners

Fill in the blank with the correct article. If no article is required, select no article.
_____ engineer presented _____ innovative solution during the conference.

Explanation

Both 'engineer' and 'innovative' begin with vowel sounds (/e/ and /ɪ/), requiring the indefinite article 'An' and 'an': 'An engineer presented an innovative solution...'.

'Engineer' और 'innovative' दोनों स्वर ध्वनि से शुरू होते हैं, इसलिए दोनों जगह 'An, an' आएगा।

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477📚General English & ComprehensionSentence Improvement & Infinitives

Choose the correct alternative to improve the bold part: The event was canceled because of the committee's inability in securing enough sponsors.

Explanation

The noun 'inability' idiomatically takes a 'to-infinitive': 'inability to secure enough sponsors'.

'Inability' के साथ 'to + verb (infinitive)' का प्रयोग होता है: 'inability to secure'।

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478📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTMajor Tunnels & Infrastructure in J&K

On what date was the Z-Morh tunnel inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?

Explanation

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 6.5-km bi-directional Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, providing all-weather road connectivity to Sonamarg in Ganderbal district on the Srinagar-Leh highway.

प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 जनवरी 2025 को 6.5 किमी लंबी जेड-मोड़ सुरंग (Z-Morh Tunnel) का उद्घाटन किया, जिससे सोनमर्ग के लिए सभी मौसमों में कनेक्टिविटी सुनिश्चित हुई।

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479📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsSports & World Chess Championship 2024

India's D Gukesh defeated which chess player during the World Chess Championship 2024 in Singapore?

Explanation

18-year-old Indian Grandmaster Dommaraju Gukesh created history by defeating defending champion Ding Liren of China in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2024 in Singapore, becoming the youngest undisputed World Chess Champion.

भारतीय ग्रैंडमास्टर डी. गुकेश ने सिंगापुर में आयोजित विश्व शतरंज चैंपियनशिप 2024 में चीन के डिंग लिरेन को हराकर इतिहास रचा।

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480📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsFolk Dances of India

Which of the following statements about the folk dance "Tarangmel" is/are correct?
i) Tarangmel is a Goan folk dance that embodies the youthful and exuberant spirit of the region.
ii) The name "Tarangmel" is derived from "Tarang," which means streamers, which are an integral part of the dance.
iii) It is traditionally performed during the Hindu festivals of Dussehra and Holi.
iv) The dance is a colorful spectacle, featuring vibrant costumes, banners, and streamers, creating a rainbow-like display.

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

All four statements are factually accurate regarding Tarangmel, the energetic folk dance of Goa performed by youth holding colorful rainbow streamers (tarang) and banners during Dussehra and Holi celebrations.

तरंगमेल गोवा का प्रसिद्ध लोकनृत्य है, जो दशहरा और होली के दौरान रंग-बिरंगे झंडों और रिबनों के साथ किया जाता है। सभी चार कथन (i, ii, iii और iv) सही हैं।

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481📚History of India & National MovementQuit India Movement 1942 & Slogans

Which slogan became famous during the Quit India Movement?

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi delivered his historic call of 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay during the launch of the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942.

8 अगस्त 1942 को भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन के शुभारंभ पर महात्मा गांधी ने 'करो या मरो' (Do or Die) का ऐतिहासिक नारा दिया था।

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482📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyCoastal Geography & Famous Beaches

Which of the following location-beach pairings is not correct?

Explanation

Radhanagar Beach (Asia's best beach / Blue Flag beach) is located on Havelock Island (Swaraj Dweep) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, NOT in Andhra Pradesh.

राधानगर बीच (Radhanagar Beach) अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप समूह के हैवलॉक द्वीप पर स्थित है, आंध्र प्रदेश में नहीं। अतः विकल्प B गलत युग्म है।

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483📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTMountain Passes & Mughal Road

Which pass connects the Kashmir Valley with Rajouri and Poonch through the Pir Panjal Range?

Explanation

The historic Pir Panjal Pass (also known as Peer Ki Gali at 3,490 m) on the Mughal Road directly connects Shopian in the Kashmir Valley with Poonch and Rajouri districts in Jammu across the Pir Panjal Range.

पीर पंजाल दर्रा (Peer Ki Gali / मुगल रोड) पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला के माध्यम से कश्मीर घाटी (शोपियां) को राजौरी और पुंछ से जोड़ता है।

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484📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTReligious Tourism & Pilgrimage Shrines of J&K

Which of the following statements about Amarnath Temple is NOT correct?

Explanation

Statement A is incorrect: The sacred holy cave shrine of Shri Amarnathji is situated at an elevation of approximately 3,888 metres (12,756 feet) above sea level, NOT 7,486 metres (which would exceed most major Himalayan peaks).

कथन A गलत है क्योंकि पवित्र श्री अमरनाथ जी की गुफा समुद्र तल से लगभग 3,888 मीटर (12,756 फीट) की ऊँचाई पर स्थित है, न कि 7,486 मीटर पर।

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485📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTTraditional Attire & Culture of Kashmir

The Kashmiri Phiran is characterized by which of the following features?

Explanation

The traditional Kashmiri Phiran (or Pheran) is a loose-fitting, knee-length upper woollen garment worn over layers during harsh winters, designed to accommodate a Kangri (earthen brazier) underneath for warmth.

कश्मीरी फेरन (Phiran) घुटनों तक लंबा और ढीला-ढाला पारंपरिक ऊनी परिधान होता है, जिसके अंदर कड़ाके की ठंड में कांगड़ी रखकर शरीर को गर्म रखा जाता है।

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486📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersCognitive Restructuring in CBT

Read following Assertion and Reason and Choose correct option:
Assertion (A): In CBT, Cognitive restructuring helps clients identify and modify maladaptive thoughts.
Reason (R): Maladaptive thoughts are believed to contribute significantly to emotional distress and behavioral problems.

Explanation

Cognitive restructuring is used because dysfunctional cognitions directly drive negative emotional states and maladaptive behaviors. Both statements are true, and R explains A.

CBT में अवास्तविक विचार ही मानसिक कष्ट का कारण होते हैं (R), इसलिए संज्ञानात्मक पुनर्गठन द्वारा उन्हें बदला जाता है (A)। अतः A और R दोनों सत्य हैं तथा R, A की सही व्याख्या है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

487📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Assessment (LNNB)

How many clinical scales are included in the standard Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery?

Explanation

The standard Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) comprises 11 clinical scales (Motor, Rhythm, Tactile, Visual, Receptive Speech, Expressive Speech, Writing, Reading, Arithmetic, Memory, and Intellectual Processes).

लूरिया-नेब्रास्का न्यूरोसाइकोलॉजिकल बैटरी (LNNB) में कुल 11 नैदानिक पैमाने (Clinical Scales) होते हैं।

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488📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Batteries

What is one significant advantage of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery compared to other neuropsychological assessments?

Explanation

A major advantage of the LNNB over lengthy batteries like Halstead-Reitan is that it offers a comprehensive, highly standardized, and substantially faster administration time (~1.5 to 2.5 hours) for diagnosing brain impairment.

LNNB का प्रमुख लाभ यह है कि यह मस्तिष्क क्षति का अपेक्षाकृत तीव्र और अत्यधिक संरचित (Faster and structured) मूल्यांकन प्रदान करता है।

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489📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Sleep Architecture & REM Awakening

How will a person who has just woken up from REM sleep look like?

Explanation

Because cortical EEG activity during REM sleep (paradoxical sleep) closely mirrors desynchronized, high-frequency active waking beta waves, individuals awakened directly from REM sleep typically awaken rapidly alert, attentive, and able to recall vivid dream narratives.

REM नींद में कॉर्टिकल मस्तिष्क तरंगें जाग्रत अवस्था के समान सक्रिय होती हैं, इसलिए REM नींद से जागने वाला व्यक्ति तुरंत सतर्क और सचेत (Alert and attentive) होता है।

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490📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Limbic Lesions & Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

Which of the following is caused by bilateral damage in the amygdala?

Explanation

Bilateral anterior temporal lobe and amygdala lesions produce Klüver-Bucy Syndrome, characterized by psychic blindness (visual agnosia), hyperorality, docility/loss of fear, dietary changes, and hypersexuality.

द्विपक्षीय अमिग्डाला (Bilateral amygdala) क्षति के कारण 'क्लुवर-बुसी सिंड्रोम' (Klüver-Bucy syndrome) होता है, जिसमें भय का लोप और हाइपरओरैलिटी होती है।

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491📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Syndromes (Bálint's)

Balint's syndrome is a triad of which of the following impairments?

Explanation

Bálint's syndrome, caused by bilateral posterior parietal-occipital damage, presents with the classic clinical triad of: (1) Simultanagnosia (inability to perceive more than one visual item at once), (2) Oculomotor apraxia (inability to voluntarily guide eye movements), and (3) Optic ataxia (impaired visually guided reaching).

बालिंट सिंड्रोम (Bálint's syndrome) का त्रिक: सिमुल्तानाग्नोसिया (Simultanagnosia), ओकुलोमोटर अप्राक्सिया, और ऑप्टिक अटैक्सिया। सही उत्तर B है।

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492📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Neuroimaging Modalities

Explanation

Matching: i) fMRI = BOLD oxygen tracking (2); ii) EEG = electrical potentials (3); iii) MEG = magnetic fields (1); iv) PET = radiotracers for glucose metabolism (4). Code: i-2, ii-3, iii-1, iv-4.

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-1, iv-4।

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493📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPsychotherapy Process & Stages

Arrange the following steps in the typical order they occur during psychotherapy:
1. Setting therapeutic goals
2. Termination of therapy
3. Assessment and diagnosis
4. Intervention and treatment

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Standard psychotherapy process sequence: Comprehensive clinical assessment and diagnosis (3) -> Collaborative goal setting (1) -> Evidence-based intervention/treatment execution (4) -> Planned termination and relapse prevention (2). Sequence: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2.

मनोचिकित्सा के सामान्य चरण: मूल्यांकन और निदान (3) → लक्ष्यों का निर्धारण (1) → हस्तक्षेप और उपचार (4) → चिकित्सा का समापन (2)। सही क्रम: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2।

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494📚General English & ComprehensionCybersecurity & Vocabulary

In the context of cybersecurity, what does the term 'social engineering' refer to?

Explanation

Social engineering in cybersecurity refers to the psychological manipulation of human individuals to trick them into divulging sensitive passwords, credentials, or confidential information.

सोशल इंजीनियरिंग (Social engineering) का अर्थ लोगों को मनोवैज्ञानिक रूप से बरगलाकर उनसे गोपनीय जानकारी प्राप्त करना है।

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495📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationEarth Resistance Measurement

When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).

अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।

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496📚Power Generation & Energy SourcesHydroelectric Power Generation

Consider the following statements about Hydroelectric Power:
1. Hydroelectric power is a secondary source of energy.
2. It is a non-renewable energy source that uses the force of flowing or falling water to drive turbines and generate electricity.
3. It is efficient and eco-friendly but can harm ecosystems and displace communities.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Hydroelectric power generates electricity (a secondary energy carrier) (1 - True) and is clean during operation but has ecological/displacement impacts (3 - True). Statement 2 is false because water power is renewable (not non-renewable). Thus, 1 and 3 are correct.

जलविद्युत ऊर्जा द्वितीयक ऊर्जा स्रोत है (1) और यह पर्यावरण के अनुकूल होने के बावजूद पारिस्थितिकी और समुदायों को प्रभावित कर सकती है (3)। कथन 2 असत्य है क्योंकि यह नवीकरणीय (Renewable) स्रोत है। अतः 1 और 3 सही हैं।

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497📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismHysteresis Loop & Energy Loss

Consider the following statements about the Hysteresis Loop:
1. A hysteresis loop is generated by measuring the magnetic flux emitted from a ferromagnetic material as the external magnetic field applied to it is varied.
2. The hysteresis loop shows the relationship between the magnetic flux density and the magnetizing field strength of a paramagnetic substance.
3. The loss of energy per unit volume of the substance is equal to the area of the hysteresis curve.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is false because hysteresis loops (B-H curves) are exhibited by Ferromagnetic materials, NOT paramagnetic substances.

कथन 1 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि हिस्टैरिसीस लूप लौह-चुंबकीय (Ferromagnetic) पदार्थों का गुण है, अनुचुंबकीय का नहीं। अतः 1 और 3 सही हैं।

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498📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationCable Laying & Installation Tools

What is the primary function of a cable drum in electrical installations?

Explanation

A cable drum (or reel mounted on jacks) is primarily used during installation to pay out cables smoothly, preventing kinks, twists, bird-caging, and sheath damage during laying.

केबल ड्रम का मुख्य कार्य केबल को बिना उलझे और बिना मुड़े सुचारू रूप से बिछाना सुनिश्चित करना है।

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499📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Lap vs Wave Armature Winding

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the difference between wave winding and lap winding in DC generators?

Explanation

Statement D is incorrect: Lap winding has

A = P

parallel paths and requires additional equalizer rings/connections to balance unequal currents, making its manufacturing cost higher than wave winding (which has only 2 paths,

A = 2

).

कथन D गलत है क्योंकि लैप वाइंडिंग में अधिक समानांतर पथ (

A=P

) और इक्वलाइज़र रिंग्स की आवश्यकता के कारण इसकी लागत वेव वाइंडिंग से अधिक होती है।

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500📚Synchronous Machines (Alternators)Damper Windings & Hunting

What is the function of the damper winding in an alternator?

Explanation

Damper (amortisseur) windings in synchronous machines suppress rotor oscillations (hunting) during load surges and damp out unbalanced negative-sequence armature reaction magnetic fields.

अल्टरनेटर में डैम्पर वाइंडिंग का मुख्य कार्य हंटिंग (Hunting) को समाप्त करना और ऋणात्मक अनुक्रम चुंबकीय क्षेत्र को दबाना है।

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501📚Electrical Measuring InstrumentsPower Measurement & Wattmeters

Which type of wattmeter is most commonly used for measuring power in high-voltage circuits?

Explanation

The Electrodynamometer Wattmeter (used with Instrument Transformers - CTs and PTs) is the universal industry standard for precise active power measurement across high-voltage AC and DC power networks.

इलेक्ट्रोडायनेमोमीटर प्रकार का वाटमीटर (Electrodynamometer wattmeter) उच्च वोल्टेज परिपथों में शक्ति मापने के लिए मानक रूप से उपयोग किया जाता है।

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502📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationEarth Testers & Wenner 4-Pin Method

Which type of earth tester is most suitable for measuring earth resistance in highly resistive soils?

Explanation

The Four-Electrode Earth Tester (utilizing the Wenner four-pin method) eliminates lead resistance and contact resistance, providing the most accurate soil resistivity and ground resistance measurements in highly resistive, rocky, or dry soils.

चार-इलेक्ट्रोड अर्थ टेस्टर (Wenner विधि) अत्यधिक प्रतिरोधी मिट्टी में सटीक मापन के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

503📚Electromagnetic Induction & AC CircuitsDisadvantages of Low Power Factor

Poor power factor can result in:
1. Heat damage to insulation and other circuit components
2. Reduction in the amount of available useful power
3. A required increase in conductor and equipment sizes

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

A low power factor draws excessive reactive line current for a given real load power, causing heavy

I^2R

copper losses and heat degradation in cables/transformers, reducing grid capacity, requiring larger conductors, and causing voltage drops (All of the above).

खराब पावर फैक्टर से केबलों में अत्यधिक करंट और हीटिंग होती है, उपयोगी क्षमता घटती है और मोटे तारों की आवश्यकता होती है (उपरोक्त सभी)।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

504📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsInternet Services vs Hardware Firmware

Which of these is NOT an internet service?

Explanation

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) setup is a local non-volatile firmware interface embedded on the computer motherboard ROM/flash chip to initialize hardware during POST, entirely independent of internet services.

BIOS सेटअप मदरबोर्ड की स्थानीय फर्मवेयर प्रणाली है, यह कोई इंटरनेट सेवा नहीं है।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

505📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLACID Properties of Transactions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transactions in DBMS?

Explanation

Transaction properties are governed by ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). 'Divisibility' contradicts the fundamental principle of Atomicity (all-or-nothing execution).

ट्रांजेक्शन की मुख्य विशेषताएं ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) हैं। Divisibility इसकी विशेषता नहीं है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

506📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLSQL Fundamentals

What does SQL stand for?

Explanation

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, the standard domain-specific language used for managing data held in relational database management systems.

SQL का पूर्ण रूप 'Structured Query Language' (स्ट्रक्चर्ड क्वेरी लैंग्वेज) है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

507📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsNetwork Devices (Router, Switch, Hub, Firewall)

Explanation

Matching: Router = Layer 3 IP routing (1); Switch = Layer 2 MAC frame filtering (2); Hub = Layer 1 physical multi-port repeater broadcasting to all ports (3); Firewall = network security packet inspection (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

508📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsOSI Reference Model Layers

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer?

Explanation

The Transport Layer (Layer 4) provides end-to-end error recovery, flow control, acknowledgment mechanisms, and ensures reliable complete data delivery between source and destination endpoints.

OSI मॉडल की ट्रांसपोर्ट लेयर (Transport Layer) एंड-टू-एंड विश्वसनीय डेटा ट्रांसफर सुनिश्चित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

509📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)C++ Constructors & Rules

Which of the following statements about constructors in C++ are correct?
1. Constructors initialize class members
2. A constructor has no return type
3. Constructors can be overloaded
4. A constructor can be declared as virtual

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because C++ constructors CANNOT be virtual (vtable/vptr is initialized during constructor execution). Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि C++ में कंस्ट्रक्टर कभी भी `virtual` नहीं हो सकते। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

510📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)Java Special Keywords

Explanation

Matching: Synchronized = mutual exclusion locking for thread safety (1); Transient = ignores field during object serialization (2); Final = constants / immutable methods / non-inheritable classes (3); Volatile = guarantees thread visibility directly from main memory (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.

सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

511📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)C# Using Statement & IDisposable

Which of the following are true about the using statement in C#?
1. It ensures the object is disposed of after use.
2. It is only used for importing namespaces
3. It helps manage unmanaged resources like file handles
4. It can be used to simplify code related to IDisposable objects

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

The `using(...)` statement wraps `IDisposable` objects in a `try-finally` block ensuring `.Dispose()` is called to release unmanaged OS resources (1, 3, 4). Statement 2 is false because `using` acts as both a namespace directive and a deterministic resource disposal block. Thus, 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

C# में `using` स्टेटमेंट `IDisposable` ऑब्जेक्ट्स के लिए स्वतः `.Dispose()` कॉल करता है और अनमैनेज्ड संसाधनों का प्रबंधन करता है (1, 3, 4)। अतः 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

512📚Software Engineering & SDLCSDLC Models

Which of the following models is not a part of software development life cycle (SDLC)?

Explanation

Waterfall, Spiral, Agile, RAD, V-Model, and Prototype are established SDLC models. 'Assembly Line Model' is an industrial manufacturing concept, not an SDLC process model.

वॉटरफॉल, स्पाइरल और एजाइल सभी SDLC मॉडल हैं। 'Assembly Line Model' कोई सॉफ्टवेयर विकास मॉडल नहीं है।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

513📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)Object-Oriented Design Fundamentals

Which of the following statements about Object-Oriented Programming are true?
1. It supports inheritance
2. It emphasizes reusable code
3. It requires writing all logic in one function
4. It uses classes and objects

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 4 are true. Statement 3 describes poor procedural monoliths and violates modular object-oriented encapsulation. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 4 सत्य हैं (इनहेरिटेंस, पुनः प्रयोज्य कोड, और क्लासेज/ऑब्जेक्ट्स)। कथन 3 गलत है। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

514📚Operating Systems & System SoftwareMultiprogramming Concepts & Advantages

Which of the following are advantages of multiprogramming?
1. Increased CPU utilization
2. Decreased memory usage
3. Increased throughput
4. Reduced response time

Choose the correct options:

Explanation

Multiprogramming keeps the CPU continuously busy by switching to another job during I/O waits, thereby maximizing CPU utilization (1), increasing system throughput (3), and improving user response times (4). It requires more memory, not less. Thus, 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

मल्टीप्रोग्रामिंग के लाभों में CPU उपयोग में वृद्धि (1), थ्रूपुट में वृद्धि (3), और रिस्पांस समय में सुधार (4) शामिल हैं। अतः 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department

515📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KMask Dances of Jammu

Which dance is performed in Jammu while wearing a mask?

Explanation

Haran Nritya (Deer Dance) is a traditional folk mask dance of Jammu performed during Lohri by actors wearing masks depicting deer, hunters, and village characters.

जम्मू में मुखौटा पहनकर किया जाने वाला पारंपरिक लोक नृत्य 'हरण नृत्य' (Haran Nritya) है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

516📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KHistory of Kashmiri Dance Forms

Which Kashmiri dance form was legally banned?

Explanation

Hafiza Nagma (performed by female Hafiza dancers to Sufiyana music) was banned during the Maharaja Hari Singh era in the 1920s under social reform laws, leading to the rise of Bachi Nagma.

महाराजा के शासनकाल में 'हफीजा' (Hafiza) नृत्य को कानूनी रूप से प्रतिबंधित किया गया था, जिसके बाद 'बच्चा नगमा' का प्रचलन बढ़ा।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

517📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KRitual Dances of Kashmir

Which Kashmiri dance form involves women dancing around rangoli?

Explanation

Wugei Nachun is performed by Kashmiri Pandit women during wedding ceremonies dancing around the bridal rangoli (Vyuug) design.

विवाह के अवसर पर रंगोली (व्यूग) के चारों ओर किया जाने वाला कश्मीरी नृत्य 'वुगेई नचुन' (Wugei Nachun) कहलाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

518📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KWind Instruments Anatomy

How many holes are there in a wind instrument?

Explanation

Traditional Kashmiri woodwind instruments (like the Kashmiri Bansuri or Swarnay) typically feature 8 tone holes (7 finger holes plus 1 thumb/tuning hole).

पारंपरिक सुषिर वाद्य (सुरीली बांसुरी/शहनाई) में आमतौर पर 8 छिद्र (Holes) होते हैं।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

519📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KDevotional Instruments of Ladakh & Kashmir

Which percussion instrument is played during morning and evening prayers in Kashmir and Ladakh?

Explanation

Thaluz (metal cymbals / gong percussion) is struck during morning and evening spiritual prayers across Buddhist monasteries and shrines in Ladakh and Kashmir.

कश्मीर और लद्दाख में सुबह और शाम की प्रार्थनाओं के दौरान 'थालुज़' (Thaluz / झांझ) वाद्य यंत्र बजाया जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

520📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KFolk Instruments of Jammu Hills

What is the name of musical instrument similar to "Shehnai" played on festive occasions in the mountain regions?

Explanation

Narsingha (or Narsinga) is a large, curved S-shaped brass wind instrument played alongside drums during weddings and hill festivals in Jammu's mountain ranges.

पर्वतीय क्षेत्रों में उत्सवों पर शहनाई और नगाड़े के साथ बजाया जाने वाला सुषिर वाद्य 'नरसिंघा' (Narsingha) है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

521📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KWanwun Folk Singing

Wanwun is a form of folk song generally sung on which of the following occasions:

Explanation

Wanwun (Vanvun) is a rhythmic choral wedding song sung exclusively by women during marriage festivities across both Kashmiri Muslim and Kashmiri Pandit traditions.

'वानवुन' (Wanwun) कश्मीर में विवाह (Wedding) के मांगलिक अवसरों पर महिलाओं द्वारा गाया जाने वाला लोक गीत है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

522📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KKud Dance & Mela Patt

On which occasion is "Kud" dance performed?

Explanation

Kud dance is a ritualistic harvest thanksgiving dance of Jammu's hilly areas (Bhaderwah, Kishtwar, Udhampur) performed during village fairs like Mela Patt and Gram Devta celebrations.

'कुद नृत्य' (Kud Dance) भद्रवाह के प्रसिद्ध 'मेला पट्ट' (Mela Patt) और ग्राम देवता उत्सवों पर किया जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

523📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KDogri Wedding Songs

In Jammu which folk songs are sung during wedding and other occasions?

Explanation

Suhag (and Ghoriyan) are traditional wedding folksongs sung by women in Jammu to bless the bride and groom.

जम्मू में विवाह के शुभ अवसर पर महिलाओं द्वारा 'सुहाग' (Suhag) और घोड़ियां गाई जाती हैं।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

524📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KLohri Celebrations in Jammu

What dance is performed during the "Lohri" festival in Jammu?

Explanation

During Lohri, boys and men in Jammu perform vibrant Dogri and Bharo folk dances alongside Chajja performances.

लोहड़ी पर्व पर जम्मू में 'डोगरी नृत्य और भारो नृत्य' प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

525📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KRouf Dance of Kashmir

Which among the following is the dance performed during Eid and Ramadan in Kashmir?

Explanation

Rouf is the iconic festive dance of Kashmiri women, performed in facing rows with interlocking arms celebrating Eid, Ramadan, and spring harvest.

कश्मीर में ईद और रमजान के खुशी के अवसर पर महिलाओं द्वारा 'रऊफ' (Rouf) नृत्य किया जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

526📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KWomen Festivals in Jammu

In which festival do the women perform the Ghurehi dance:

Explanation

Ghurehi dance is a circular women's folk dance performed during local festive fasts and fairs such as Ghurehi Trithya / Teej.

घुरई नृत्य महिलाओं द्वारा 'घुरई तृतीया' (Ghurehi Trithya) पर किया जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

527📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KKashmiri Literature & Habba Khatoon

The book named Habba Khatoon based on the legendary mystic poetess has been penned down by:

Explanation

The play/book 'Habba Khatoon' highlighting the life of the 16th-century peasant queen and Nightingale of Kashmir was written by Kajal Suri.

प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री हब्बा खातून पर आधारित पुस्तक 'काजल सूरी' (Kajal Suri) द्वारा लिखी गई है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

528📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsAcoustic Ratios of Octaves

What is the frequency ratio between the notes, one octave apart?

Explanation

Two notes separated by one octave have an exact fundamental frequency ratio of 2:1 (e.g. A5 = 880 Hz vs A4 = 440 Hz).

एक सप्तक (ऑक्टेव) के अंतराल वाले दो स्वरों के बीच आवृत्ति का अनुपात 2:1 होता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

529📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsAccompaniment Techniques

What is the term used for playing melodic fragments or filler between vocal lines in harmonium accompaniment?

Explanation

An Interlude (or filler phrasing / Meend-tukda) is a short instrumental phrase played by the harmonium accompanist during pauses between vocal verses.

गायन के बीच में हारमोनियम संगतकार द्वारा बजाए जाने वाले मधुर भराव या छोटे संगीत खंड को 'इंटरल्यूड' (Interlude) कहा जाता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

530📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTaal in Performance

Which of the following elements in performance is crucial for both the percussionist and the vocalist to maintain rhythmic coherence in a composition?

Explanation

Taal provides the recurring cyclical time-metric framework that synchronizes the vocalist, instrumentalist, and tabla player during a performance.

गायक और तबला वादक के बीच लयबद्ध तालमेल बनाए रखने के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण तत्व 'ताल' (Taal) है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

531📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsHarmonics & Overtones

Which harmonic overtone corresponds to the second octave above a fundamental pitch?

Explanation

Harmonic series relations:
- Fundamental pitch =

f_1

- 1st octave above = 2nd harmonic (

2 f_1

)
- 2nd octave above = 4th harmonic (

4 f_1

)
- 3rd octave above = 8th harmonic (

8 f_1

).

मूल स्वर से दूसरा सप्तक ऊपर 4था हार्मोनिक (4th harmonic =

4f_1

) होता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

532📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTonal Tonic (Sa)

What is typically used as the tonal foundation when accompanying the melody on the harmonium?

Explanation

Shadaj (Sa / tonic drone) serves as the universal fundamental pitch reference and tonal foundation across Indian music accompaniment.

हारमोनियम पर संगत करते समय आधार स्वर 'षडज' (Sa / Fixed Drone) होता है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

533📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsHarmonic Progression & Voicing

The concept of octave doubling is essential in which area of music theory?

Explanation

Octave doubling (reinforcing root/bass or melody lines an octave apart) is a fundamental voicing technique in Harmonic Progression and orchestration.

ऑक्टेव डबलिंग (Octave doubling) की अवधारणा 'हार्मोनिक प्रोग्रेशन' (Harmonic Progression) में आवश्यक होती है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

534📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyTransuranic Elements & Natural Abundance

Why are there no naturally occurring isotopes with an atomics number greater than 92?

Explanation

Transuranic elements (

Z > 92

, beyond Uranium) have unstable nuclei with half-lives vastly shorter than the 4.5-billion-year age of the Earth; any primordial isotopes formed during nucleosynthesis have completely decayed away.

यूरेनियम से भारी तत्वों (

Z > 92

) के नाभिक अस्थिर होते हैं और उनका अर्धायु काल पृथ्वी की आयु की तुलना में बहुत कम होने के कारण वे प्राकृतिक रूप से समाप्त हो चुके हैं।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

535📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsOxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) & LET

The OER for alpha particles is equal to:

Explanation

For high-LET densely ionizing radiation like Alpha particles (~100-200 keV/μm), biological damage is produced by direct dense ionization independent of oxygen free radicals, yielding an Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) of 1.0.

अल्फा कणों (High LET) के लिए ऑक्सीजन संवर्धन अनुपात (OER) का मान 1.0 होता है क्योंकि इनका प्रभाव ऑक्सीजन पर निर्भर नहीं करता।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

536📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsOxygen Fixation Hypothesis

Sensitization by oxygen takes place if oxygen is present:

Explanation

Under the oxygen fixation hypothesis, oxygen must be present during the brief irradiation pulse (or within microseconds) to react with radiation-induced transient DNA free radicals (

R^\bullet + O_2 → RO_2^\bullet

) and fix lethal damage.

ऑक्सीजन द्वारा संवेदीकरण (Sensitization) तभी प्रभावी होता है जब विकिरण के दौरान (During irradiation) ऑक्सीजन ऊतक में उपस्थित हो।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

537📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsPotentially Lethal Damage (PLD)

Radiation damage is divided into (a) lethal damage, (b) sublethal damage and (c) potentially lethal damage (PLD). Which of the following statements is true?

Explanation

Potentially Lethal Damage (PLD) is component damage that ordinarily causes cell death under standard physiological post-irradiation conditions, but can be repaired if cells are incubated in suboptimal growth conditions (e.g. plateau phase / delayed plating).

संभावित घातक क्षति (PLD) सामान्य परिस्थितियों में कोशिका मृत्यु का कारण बनती है, परंतु वृद्धि की स्थिति बदलने पर इसकी मरम्मत संभव है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

538📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsSublethal Damage (SLD) Repair

Sublethal damage repair is:

Explanation

Sublethal Damage (SLD) repair is the operational mechanism (Elkind repair) responsible for the increase in cell survival observed when a total radiation dose is divided/split into two fractions separated by a time interval of hours.

सब-लीथल क्षति मरम्मत (SLD repair) वह कारण है जिससे विकिरण खुराक को दो भागों में विभाजित करने पर कोशिका उत्तरजीविता (Survival) बढ़ जाती है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

539📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsSLD Repair & Cell Cycle Reassortment

The increase of cell survival because of sublethal damage repair:

Explanation

As time increases between split doses, surviving synchronized cells progress around the cell cycle and enter more sensitive phases (M/G2 - reassortment), which produces a dip in survival that counteracts pure repair.

सब-लीथल मरम्मत द्वारा उत्तरजीविता में वृद्धि कोशिका चक्र में आगे बढ़ने ('पुनर्वर्गीकरण' / Reassortment) के कारण संवेदनशीलता बढ़ने से प्रभावित/बाधित होती है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

540📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsDose-Rate Effect in Radiobiology

The dose-rate effect:

Explanation

The dose-rate effect states that lowering the dose rate (or extending exposure duration) reduces the biological effectiveness of a given dose of low-LET radiation because sublethal damage repair occurs during the prolonged irradiation period.

डोज़-रेट प्रभाव में विकिरण का समय बढ़ाने (डोज़ रेट घटाने) पर सब-लीथल मरम्मत होने के कारण विकिरण का जैविक प्रभाव कम हो जाता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

541📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsFactors Influencing Cellular Radiosensitivity

Which of these factors has no effect on response of cells to irradiation?

Explanation

Biological cellular response depends on radiation quality (LET), oxygen tension (

pO_2

), and dose-rate. The image receptor (detector/film) captures transmitted photons outside the patient and has zero influence on biological cell damage.

कोशिकाओं की विकिरण प्रतिक्रिया LET, ऑक्सीजन और डोज़ रेट पर निर्भर करती है; उपयोग किए गए इमेज रिसेप्टर का इस पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं होता।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

542📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyAttenuation Coefficients & Photon Energy

Attenuation coefficient depends on:

Explanation

The linear/mass attenuation coefficient (

\mu

) depends fundamentally on the incident X-ray photon energy (

E

) and the atomic number (

Z

) and density of the absorber.

क्षीणन गुणांक (Attenuation coefficient

\mu

) मुख्य रूप से एक्स-रे फोटॉनों की ऊर्जा (Energy) और माध्यम के परमाणु क्रमांक पर निर्भर करता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

543📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyHounsfield Unit (HU) Calibration

Two materials used to calibrate the CT number scale of CT scanner are:

Explanation

The Hounsfield unit (HU / CT number) scale is fundamentally calibrated using Water (

ext{CT number} = 0\text{ HU}

) and Air (

ext{CT number} = -1000\text{ HU}

).

सीटी नंबर (Hounsfield scale) को कैलिब्रेट करने के लिए पानी (

0\text{ HU}

) और वायु (

-1000\text{ HU}

) का उपयोग किया जाता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

📝 Solved Questions on Hydroelectric Projects & Infrastructure of J&K (543)