Active/Passive Voice & Direct/Indirect Narration

1📚📝 EnglishVoice Change

Choose the correct passive voice option for:

The boys were playing cricket.

Explanation

The active sentence is in the Past Continuous tense. In passive voice, it becomes: 'Cricket was being played by the boys' (Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject).

چونکہ جملہ Past Continuous میں ہے، اس کا Passive بنانے کے لیے 'was being + third form' لگے گا۔ جملہ ہوگا: 'Cricket was being played...'

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2📚📝 EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Choose the correct indirect narration of:

He said to us, "Why are you all sitting about there doing nothing?"

Explanation

In indirect speech, the interrogative sentence becomes assertive. 'said to us' changes to 'asked us', and the present continuous 'are you... sitting' changes to past continuous 'we were... sitting'.

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ بناتے وقت سوالیہ جملہ بیانیہ بن جاتا ہے۔ 'are you' تبدیل ہو کر 'we were' ہو جائے گا اور ورڈ آرڈر سیدھا ہو جائے گا۔

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3📚🧬 BiologyGenetics

A diploid organism in which both the alleles are the same at a given locus, is said to be

Explanation

An individual or cell is homozygous at a given genetic locus when it carries identical alleles on homologous chromosomes.

جب کسی جاندار کے پاس ایک مخصوص لوکس پر دونوں ایلِیلز بالکل ایک جیسے ہوں تو اسے ہوموزائگس (Homozygous) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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4📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: "The prisoners have made these paintings."

Explanation

The active sentence is in Present Perfect tense ('have made'). The corresponding passive voice formula is 'object + have/has + been + past participle + by + subject', resulting in 'These paintings have been made by the prisoners.'

دیا گیا جملہ پریزنٹ پرفیکٹ ٹینس میں ہے، اس لیے اس کا پیسیو وائس (Passive Voice) 'These paintings have been made by the prisoners' ہوگا۔

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5📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Narration

Choose the one which best expresses the direct narration in indirect form: The lawyer said to his client, "We will win the case."

Explanation

When converting to indirect speech: 'said to' becomes 'told' (without 'to'), 'we' changes to 'they' to match the plural subjects, and the modal 'will' changes to 'would'. Hence, 'The lawyer told the client that they would win the case.'

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں تبدیل کرتے ہوئے: 'said to' کو 'told' میں بدلا جاتا ہے، 'we' کو 'they' میں اور 'will' کو 'would' میں تبدیل کیا جاتا ہے۔

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6📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: I shall have written the letter.

Explanation

The active voice is in Future Perfect tense ('shall have written'). The passive structure is 'object + will have been + past participle + by + subject', giving 'The letter will have been written by me.'

جملہ فیوچر پرفیکٹ ٹینس میں ہے، اس لیے اس کا پیسیو وائس 'The letter will have been written by me' ہوگا۔

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7📚📝 EnglishTenses & Verbs

Fill in the blank: Ai Ling ________ to Manhattan in 1997. (Note: the printed question had the typo 'is 1997' instead of 'in 1997').

Explanation

Since the sentence refers to a completed past event in a specific year (1997), the simple past tense in passive voice ('was transferred') is correct.

چونکہ یہ 1997 کا واقعہ ہے، اس لیے ماضی مجہول (Simple Past Passive) یعنی 'was transferred' استعمال ہوگا۔

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8📚📝 EnglishPunctuation

Identify the sentence with correct punctuation marks.

Explanation

Option B is correct. Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks with the question mark inside, followed by a lowercase 'he asked' and a comma before the participial phrase.

آپشن B درست ہے: سوالیہ مکالمہ کوٹیشن مارکس کے اندر ہے، سوالیہ نشان کوٹیشن کے اندر ہے، اور اس کے بعد کوما اور وضاحتی جملہ ہے۔

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9📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: "The news has been brought to us by him."

Explanation

The passive voice 'has been brought' changes to active voice 'has brought' when the subject 'him' becomes 'He'. Therefore, 'He has brought us the news' is correct.

مجہول آواز (Passive) 'has been brought' معروف آواز (Active) میں 'has brought' بن جائے گا جب فاعل 'him' تبدیل ہو کر 'He' بن جائے گا۔

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10📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech

In the following question, choose the one which best expresses the direct/indirect speech: "Moti asked Gangu whether the latter was in his senses."

Explanation

The indirect statement 'asked Gangu whether the latter was in his senses' converts to the direct speech question: 'Gangu, are you in your senses?' asked Moti.

بالواسطہ بیان (Indirect) 'asked Gangu whether...' بلاواسطہ (Direct) سوالیہ جملے 'Gangu, are you in your senses?' میں تبدیل ہوتا ہے۔

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11📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech

When the following sentence in direct speech is changed to indirect speech, identify the correct option: The Colonel said, "Get ready for our departure."

Explanation

An imperative direct command 'Get ready...' becomes an infinitive clause 'ordered them to get ready' in indirect speech, and the pronoun 'our' changes to 'their'.

بلاواسطہ حکم نامہ 'Get ready...' بالواسطہ بیان میں تبدیل ہو کر 'ordered them to get ready' بن جاتا ہے اور ضمیر 'our' تبدیل ہو کر 'their' ہو جاتا ہے۔

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12📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Change the following active voice sentence to passive voice: 'The chef prepared a delicious meal.'

Explanation

The active sentence is in the simple past tense. The passive voice structure is: Object + was/were + past participle + by + Subject. Thus: 'A delicious meal was prepared by the chef.'

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13📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech

Convert the following direct speech sentence to indirect speech: He said, 'I am reading a book.'

Explanation

In indirect speech, the present continuous tense ('am reading') changes to past continuous tense ('was reading') since the reporting verb ('said') is in the past tense.

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14📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Stability & Meteorology

The atmosphere is said to be unstable when

Explanation

The atmosphere is considered unstable (superadiabatic) when the Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) is greater than the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR). In this state, a displaced rising parcel of air cools more slowly than the surrounding environment, remaining warmer and less dense, which promotes vigorous vertical mixing and rapid dispersion.

ماحول اس وقت غیر مستحکم (Unstable) ہوتا ہے جب ماحولیاتی لیپس ریٹ (ELR) ایڈابیاٹک لیپس ریٹ (ALR) سے زیادہ ہو۔

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15📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect speech.
Arena said, "What a pretty and handsome girl she is!"

Explanation

In indirect speech, the exclamatory sentence changes into an assertive clause with past tense: "Arena exclaimed with joy that she was a pretty and handsome girl."

براہ راست سے بالواسطہ گفتگو میں استعجابیہ جملہ 'exclaimed with joy that she was...' میں تبدیل ہوگا۔

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16📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence.
"What are you going to call the puppy, Rima?" the mother asked.

Explanation

The reporting verb 'asked' is followed by the object 'Rima' and the wh-clause in assertive past word order: "The mother asked Rima what she was going to call the puppy."

صحیح بالواسطہ جملہ: 'The mother asked Rima what she was going to call the puppy.'

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17📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the CORRECT active form of the given sentence: The fish in the aquarium should not be fed.

Explanation

The imperative active voice equivalent of 'should not be fed' is "Don't feed the fish in the aquarium."

صحیح ایکٹو وائس: "Don't feed the fish in the aquarium."

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18📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Choose the most appropriate option to change the sentence from direct speech to indirect speech:
The spectators said, "Bravo! Well played, Ravi."

Explanation

'Bravo!' changes to 'applauded [person], saying that...' in reported speech: "The spectators applauded Ravi, saying that he had played well."

استعجابیہ فقرے 'Bravo!' کے لیے بالواسطہ گفتگو میں 'applauded Ravi, saying that he had played well' آئے گا۔

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19📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

The boss said to him, "Please tell me what the old man said today."

Explanation

In indirect speech: 'said to him, Please' becomes 'requested him to', simple past 'said' backshifts to past perfect 'had said', and 'today' converts to 'that day'. Correct: "The boss requested him to tell him what the old man had said that day."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'today' تبدیل ہو کر 'that day' اور فعل 'had said' بن جاتا ہے۔

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20📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Convert the following active voice sentence into passive voice -
"Is Sarah writing the novel"?

Explanation

Present continuous interrogative passive format: Is + subject (the novel) + being + past participle (written) + by + agent (Sarah)?

\implies

"Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا سوالیہ پیسو وائس: "Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

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21📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Identify the sentence that correctly changes the following direct speech into indirect speech.
He said, "I am going to the market now."

Explanation

In indirect speech: 'I' changes to 'he', present continuous 'am going' changes to past continuous 'was going', and time adverbial 'now' changes to 'then': "He said that he was going to the market then."

بالواسطہ گفتگو میں 'am going' تبدیل ہو کر 'was going' اور 'now' تبدیل ہو کر 'then' بن جاتا ہے۔

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22📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Change the following sentence from Active voice to Passive voice.
They are organizing a farewell party next week.

Explanation

Present continuous active (are organizing) changes to passive: 'is being organized by them': "A farewell party is being organized by them next week."

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا پیسو وائس: "A farewell party is being organized by them next week."

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23📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech: Sequence of Tenses

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence:
My father assured me that he will buy a bike for me.

Explanation

Under sequence of tenses in reported speech, when the reporting verb is in the past tense ('assured'), the future auxiliary 'will' changes to past conditional 'would': "...that he would buy a bike for me."

ماضی کے رپورٹنگ ورب 'assured' کے ساتھ 'will' تبدیل ہو کر 'would' ہو جائے گا: "he would buy".

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24📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the most appropriate option to change the sentence from direct speech to indirect speech:
My nephew said, "I have decided to take coaching in badminton".

Explanation

Direct speech present perfect ('have decided') shifts to past perfect ('had decided'), and first-person pronoun 'I' changes to third-person 'he': "My nephew said that he had decided to take coaching in badminton."

ڈائریکٹ سے ان ڈائریکٹ میں 'have decided' تبدیل ہو کر 'had decided' بن جائے گا۔

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25📚📖 General EnglishIndirect to Direct Speech

Select the most appropriate option to change the sentence from indirect speech to direct speech:
Surender asked Prashant whether he had watched the cricket match on television the previous night.

Explanation

In indirect-to-direct conversion, past perfect 'had watched' and time adverb 'the previous night' convert back to past simple interrogative 'Did you watch...' and 'last night': Surender said to Prashant, "Did you watch the cricket match on television last night?"

ان ڈائریکٹ سے ڈائریکٹ میں درست صورت: Surender said to Prashant, "Did you watch the cricket match on television last night?"

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26📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice: Imperative Requests

Change the below sentence into passive voice:
Please help the needy and poor people.

Explanation

Imperative sentences expressing polite requests beginning with 'Please' convert to passive voice as: "You are requested to help the needy and poor people."

لفظ 'Please' والے التجا کے جملے پیسیو میں "You are requested to..." سے شروع ہوتے ہیں۔

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27📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Choose the correct passive voice:
The waiter filled the glasses with water.

Explanation

Past indefinite active (Subject +

V_2

+ Object) converts to passive as: Object + were +

V_3

+ by Subject

\implies

"The glasses were filled with water by the waiter."

پاسٹ سمپل ٹینس کا درست پیسیو وائس: "The glasses were filled with water by the waiter."

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28📚📖 General EnglishPassive to Active Voice

Choose the correct active voice:
Our task had been completed before sunset.

Explanation

Past perfect passive ('had been completed') shifts back to past perfect active: "We had completed our task before sunset."

پاسٹ پرفیکٹ ایکٹو وائس: "We had completed our task before sunset."

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29📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Choose the correct passive voice:
She took the dog for a walk.

Explanation

Simple past active ('took') converts to passive with 'was taken': "The dog was taken for a walk by her."

درست پیسیو وائس: "The dog was taken for a walk by her."

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30📚📖 General EnglishInterrogative Passive Voice

Choose the correct passive voice:
Who asked you to draft the letter?

Explanation

'Who' in interrogative active converts to 'By whom' followed by interrogative auxiliary inversion ('were you asked'): "By whom were you asked to draft this letter?"

سوالیہ جملے کا درست پیسیو: "By whom were you asked to draft this letter?"

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31📚📖 General EnglishActive to Passive Voice

Convert into passive voice: "Is Sarah writing the novel?"

Explanation

Present continuous interrogative active (Is + Subject +

V\text{-ing}

+ Object?) converts to: Is + Object + being +

V_3

+ by Subject?

\implies

"Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا سوالیہ پیسیو: "Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

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32📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Which one best expresses the direct speech statement 'He said, "I must go at once"' in Indirect speech?

Explanation

In reported speech, 'must' expressing present necessity changes in past reporting to 'had to': "He said that he had to go at once."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'must' ماضی کے جملے میں 'had to' میں تبدیل ہوتا ہے: "He said that he had to go at once."

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33📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Convert into indirect speech: He said, "I am going to the market now."

Explanation

Present continuous ('am going') shifts to past continuous ('was going'), 'I' changes to 'he', and 'now' changes to 'then': "He said that he was going to the market then."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'am going' → 'was going' اور 'now' → 'then' بنتا ہے۔

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34📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the correct passive voice: "The writer who passed away recently has authored a dozen novels and a number of poetry collections."

Explanation

Present perfect active ('has authored') with compound plural object ('A dozen novels and a number of poetry collections') converts to 'have been authored': "A dozen novels and a number of poetry collections have been authored by the writer who passed away recently."

جمع مفعول کے ساتھ درست پیسیو وائس 'have been authored' ہے۔

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35📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the correct passive voice: "The members of the parliament elect their group leader either by consensus or by voice vote."

Explanation

Simple present active ('elect') with singular object ('The group leader') converts to 'is elected': "The group leader is elected by the members of the parliament either by consensus or by voice vote."

سادہ حال کا درست پیسیو وائس 'is elected' ہے۔

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36📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the correct passive voice: "India won freedom with the blood and sweat of hundreds and thousands of Indians."

Explanation

Simple past active ('won') with object ('freedom') converts to 'was won': "Freedom was won by India with the blood and sweat of hundreds and thousands of Indians."

پاسٹ انڈیفینیٹ کا درست پیسیو: "Freedom was won by India..."

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37📚📖 General EnglishCommon Errors: Comprise vs Consist

Spot the error: "The three storey building comprises of six houses, two parking lots and one basement."

Explanation

The verb 'comprises' means 'consists of' and must never be followed by the preposition 'of' in active voice. It should read "comprises six houses".

'Comprises' کے ساتھ 'of' نہیں لگایا جاتا، لہذا حصہ A میں غلطی ہے۔

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38📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Convert to indirect speech: He said, 'What are you doing?'

Explanation

The reporting verb 'said' changes to 'asked me', the question word 'what' acts as the conjunction, and the present continuous ('are you doing') shifts to past continuous ('I was doing'): "He asked me what I was doing."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ کا درست جملہ: "He asked me what I was doing." ہے۔

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39📚📖 General EnglishSentence Correction: Past Perfect Passive

Select the correct substitute for the underlined segment: "The house has auctioned before we reached there."

Explanation

The action in the main clause occurred before another past event ('before we reached there') and is in the passive voice, requiring the past perfect passive: "had been auctioned".

ماضی میں پہلے مکمل ہونے والے کام کے لیے پیسیو 'Had been auctioned' درست ہے۔

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40📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Convert to passive voice: "The burglar destroyed several items in the room. Even the carpet was torn."

Explanation

Simple past active ('destroyed') converts to past passive ('were destroyed'): "Several items in the room were destroyed by the burglar. Even the carpet was torn."

سادہ ماضی کا پیسیو وائس 'were destroyed' ہے۔

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41📚📖 General EnglishPassive to Active Voice

Select the correct Active Voice form of the passive sentence: "Why was the thief being chased by the boy?"

Explanation

Past continuous interrogative passive ('Why was the thief being chased by the boy?') converts to active: Why + was/were + Subject + V-ing + Object?

\implies

"Why was the boy chasing the thief?"

پاسٹ کنٹینیوس سوالیہ کا درست ایکٹو وائس: "Why was the boy chasing the thief?" ہے۔

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42📚General English & ComprehensionActive and Passive Voice

Choose the alternative that best expresses the same sentence: "My aunt promised me a present."

Explanation

In changing 'My aunt (subject) promised (past simple) me (indirect object) a present (direct object)' to passive voice, the standard idiomatic construction promoting the personal indirect object is: 'I was promised a present by my aunt.'

सक्रिय से कर्मवाच्य (Passive Voice) में बदलते समय 'My aunt promised me a present' का सबसे सटीक रूप 'I was promised a present by my aunt' होगा।