Tenses, Verbs & Subject-Verb Agreement

1📚⚗️ ChemistryChemistry

Consider the following pairs of elements and their chemical symbols:

- a. Sodium: 3. Na
- b. Carbon: 4. C
- c. Sulphur: 1. S
- d. Cobalt: 2. Co

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct symbols are: Sodium (Na) -> a-3, Carbon (C) -> b-4, Sulphur (S) -> c-1, Cobalt (Co) -> d-2.

صحیح علامات مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: سوڈیم (Na) -> a-3، کاربن (C) -> b-4، سلفر (S) -> c-1، اور کوبالٹ (Co) -> d-2۔

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2📚🧾 AccountsEnvironment

Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:

1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.
2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because the greenhouse effect maintains Earth's temperature suitable for life. Statement 2 is incorrect because the recent increased emission of greenhouse gases is primarily anthropogenic (human-caused), not natural.

پہلا بیان درست ہے کیونکہ گرین ہاؤس اثر زمین کے درجہ حرارت کو رہنے کے قابل بناتا ہے۔ دوسرا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کا بڑھتا ہوا اخراج قدرتی نہیں بلکہ انسانی سرگرمیوں کا نتیجہ ہے۔

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3📚🧾 AccountsEnergy Sources

Consider the following statements:

- a. There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the earth.
- b. Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy.
- c. Waste from a nuclear power plant can be easily disposed of.

Which of the above statements is/are NOT correct?

Explanation

Statement a is incorrect because fossil fuels are finite and exhaustible. Statement c is incorrect because disposing of nuclear waste is highly complex, hazardous, and difficult. Statement b is correct, so a and c are NOT correct.

بیان 'a' غلط ہے کیونکہ فوسل فیول کے ذخائر محدود ہیں، اور بیان 'c' غلط ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئر ویسٹ کو ٹھکانے لگانا انتہائی مشکل اور خطرناک کام ہے۔ اس لیے 'a' اور 'c' درست نہیں ہیں۔

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4📚🧾 AccountsCulture

Consider the following statements regarding Kud dance:

1. Kud dance is performed to honour the gods Lok Devtas' as a thanks giving ritual.
2. It is practiced on festive occasions like Eid and Ramzan days are going.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct. Kud is a traditional thanksgiving folk dance performed in Jammu's hilly areas to honor the Lok Devtas (local deities). Statement 2 is incorrect as it is performed during rainy nights and after harvesting, not on Eid/Ramzan.

پہلا بیان درست ہے کیونکہ کُد رقص جموں کے پہاڑی علاقوں میں مقامی دیوتاؤں (Lok Devtas) کے اعزاز میں شکرانے کے طور پر کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ رقص عید یا رمضان کے موقع پر نہیں کیا جاتا۔

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5📚🧾 AccountsEnvironment

Consider the following national parks and the states they are located in:

- a. Kaziranga National Park: 4. Assam
- b. Jim Corbett National Park: 3. Uttarakhand
- c. Ranthambore National Park: 2. Rajasthan
- d. Gir National Park: 1. Gujarat

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Kaziranga is in Assam (a-4), Jim Corbett is in Uttarakhand (b-3), Ranthambore is in Rajasthan (c-2), and Gir is in Gujarat (d-1). This corresponds to a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: کازی رنگا نیشنل پارک آسام (a-4)، جم کاربیٹ اتراکھنڈ (b-3)، رنتھمبور راجستھان (c-2)، اور گر نیشنل پارک گجرات (d-1)۔

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6📚🗺️ GeographyAgriculture

Consider the following statements regarding Rabi crops:

- a. Rabi crops are sowed between October and November.
- b. Rabi crops require a lot of water.
- c. Rabi crops need warm weather for growth.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement a is correct. Rabi crops (winter crops) are sown in October-November and harvested in spring. Statements b and c are incorrect because Kharif crops require a lot of water and warm weather, whereas Rabi crops require cool climates.

صرف بیان 'a' درست ہے۔ ربیع (سردیوں کی) فصلیں اکتوبر نومبر میں بوئی جاتی ہیں۔ بیان b اور c غلط ہیں کیونکہ ربیع فصلوں کو زیادہ پانی اور گرمی کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی۔

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7📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Consider the following pairs of lakes and the states they are located in:

- a. Hussain Sagar: 4. Telangana
- b. Pulicate Lake: 3. Andhra Pradesh
- c. Dal Lake: 2. Jammu and Kashmir
- d. Loktak Lake: 1. Manipur

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Hussain Sagar is in Telangana (a-4), Pulicat Lake in Andhra Pradesh (b-3), Dal Lake in J&K (c-2), and Loktak Lake in Manipur (d-1). This corresponds to a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: حسین ساگر تلنگانہ (a-4)، پلیکٹ جھیل آندھرا پردیش (b-3)، ڈل جھیل جموں و کشمیر (c-2)، اور لوکتک جھیل منی پور (d-1)۔

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8📚🧾 AccountsHeritage

Consider the following statements regarding Ajanta Caves:

- a. Ajanta caves were tagged as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1983.
- b. Currently, these caves are taken care of by the Archaeological Survey of India.
- c. The caves are believed to be made in Gupta period and Vakataka period.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All statements are correct. Ajanta Caves became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983, are preserved by the ASI, and were excavated during the Vakataka and Gupta periods.

تمام بیانات درست ہیں۔ اجنتا غاروں کو 1983 میں یونیسکو نے عالمی ثقافتی ورثہ قرار دیا، ان کی نگہداشت ASI کرتا ہے اور یہ گپتا اور واکاٹکا دور میں بنی تھیں۔

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9📚🗺️ GeographyGeography

Consider the following pairs of dams and the states they are located in:

- a. Sardar Sarovar Dam: 3. Gujarat
- b. Bhavani Sagar Dam: 4. Tamil Nadu
- c. Koyna Dam: 2. Maharashtra
- d. Tehri Dam: 1. Uttarakhand

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Sardar Sarovar in Gujarat (a-3), Bhavani Sagar in Tamil Nadu (b-4), Koyna in Maharashtra (c-2), and Tehri in Uttarakhand (d-1). This corresponds to: a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: سردار سروور ڈیم گجرات (a-3)، بھوانی ساگر تمل ناڈو (b-4)، کوئنا ڈیم مہاراشٹر (c-2)، اور ٹیہری ڈیم اتراکھنڈ (d-1)۔

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10📚📜 HistoryHistory

Consider the following pairs of historical terms and entities of Jammu and Kashmir:

- a. Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 4. Gulab Singh
- b. Dar-Ul-Aman (written as Dar-Ul-Alam): 1. Maharaja Ranjit Dev
- c. Mian Deedo: 2. Rebellion Group Head
- d. Treaty of Lahore: 3. 1846

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matches are: Maharaja Gulab Singh founded the Dogra Dynasty (a-4); Jammu was named 'Dar-ul-Aman' during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Dev due to religious peace (b-1); Mian Deedo was a rebel leader against Sikh rule in Jammu (c-2); and the Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (d-3).

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے ڈوگرہ خاندان کی بنیاد رکھی (a-4)؛ مہاراجہ رنجیت دیو کے دور میں جموں کو دارالامن کہا گیا (b-1)؛ میاں دیدو جموں کے باغی لیڈر تھے (c-2)؛ اور لاہور کا معاہدہ 1846 میں ہوا (d-3)۔

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11📚🧾 AccountsSource Documents

Which of the following business documents is proof of payment for a business transaction?

Explanation

A Receipt is a written acknowledgment that a specified sum of money has been received, serving as proof of payment.

رسید (Receipt) ایک ایسی تحریر ہے جو اس بات کا ثبوت ہوتی ہے کہ ادائیگی وصول کر لی گئی ہے۔

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12📚🧾 AccountsBank Reconciliation

What type of cheque is that which is issued by a firm but not yet presented to the bank?

Explanation

An outstanding cheque (also known as an unpresented cheque) is a cheque that has been written and issued by the firm but has not yet been presented to the bank for payment.

وہ چیک جو کمپنی نے جاری تو کر دیا لیکن وصول کنندہ نے بینک میں پیش نہیں کیا، اسے بقایا چیک یا آؤٹ اسٹینڈنگ چیک (Outstanding cheques) کہتے ہیں۔

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13📚🧾 AccountsTaxation (GST)

Which of the following is/are included in the definition of "Goods" as defined under section 2(52) of the CGST Act, 2017?

Explanation

Section 2(52) of the CGST Act, 2017 defines 'goods' to exclude money and securities but specifically includes actionable claims, growing crops, grass, etc.

جی ایس ٹی ایکٹ کی دفعہ 2(52) کے تحت 'اشیاء' (goods) کی تعریف میں منی اور سیکیورٹیز شامل نہیں ہیں، لیکن ایکشن ایبل کلیم (Actionable claim) شامل ہیں۔

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14📚📝 EnglishPrepositions

Insert the proper preposition in the sentence:

He hinted ___ some loss of treasure.

Explanation

The verb 'hint' is followed by the preposition 'at' when referring to something indirectly. Thus, 'hinted at'.

انگریزی میں 'hint' کے بعد ہمیشہ 'at' پریپوزیشن لگتی ہے۔ جملہ ہوگا: 'He hinted at some loss...'

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15📚📝 EnglishVoice Change

Choose the correct passive voice option for:

The boys were playing cricket.

Explanation

The active sentence is in the Past Continuous tense. In passive voice, it becomes: 'Cricket was being played by the boys' (Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject).

چونکہ جملہ Past Continuous میں ہے، اس کا Passive بنانے کے لیے 'was being + third form' لگے گا۔ جملہ ہوگا: 'Cricket was being played...'

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16📚📝 EnglishConditionals

Choose the correct option to fill in the blank:

If I had left early like everyone else did, I ___ sitting here now listening to all this rubbish.

Explanation

This is a mixed conditional sentence. It uses past perfect in the if-clause ('If I had left early...') and would/wouldn't + base verb in the main clause to describe a present result of a past event: 'I wouldn't be sitting here now'.

یہ ایک مخلوط شرطیہ جملہ (mixed conditional) ہے۔ ماضی کے فیصلے کا اثر اب دکھانے کے لیے 'wouldn't be' استعمال ہوگا۔

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17📚📝 EnglishClauses

Pick out the clause in the following sentence:

Neha played when evening came.

Explanation

In the sentence 'Neha played when evening came', 'when evening came' is the subordinate adverbial clause of time.

اس جملے میں 'When Evening Came' ایک ماتحت شق (subordinate adverbial clause) ہے۔

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18📚📝 EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Choose the correct indirect narration of:

He said to us, "Why are you all sitting about there doing nothing?"

Explanation

In indirect speech, the interrogative sentence becomes assertive. 'said to us' changes to 'asked us', and the present continuous 'are you... sitting' changes to past continuous 'we were... sitting'.

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ بناتے وقت سوالیہ جملہ بیانیہ بن جاتا ہے۔ 'are you' تبدیل ہو کر 'we were' ہو جائے گا اور ورڈ آرڈر سیدھا ہو جائے گا۔

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19📚🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following statements regarding questionnaire preparation:

- a. Questionnaires collect data by asking people to respond to different sets of questions.
- b. The validity and reliability of the data you collect depend on the design of questions.
- c. Collect the data without a pilot test of all questionnaires.
- d. When designing your questionnaire, you should consider the wording of individual questions prior to the order in which they appear.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements a and d are correct. Statement c is incorrect because pilot testing is crucial to validate the questionnaire before collecting data. Statement b is also true conceptually, but among the given options, C (a and d) is the most standard combination matching standard research methodology.

بیانات a اور d بالکل درست ہیں۔ بیان c غلط ہے کیونکہ پائلٹ ٹیسٹ (پائلٹ رن) کے بغیر سروے شروع کرنا ریسرچ کے اصولوں کے خلاف ہے۔ اس لیے 'a' اور 'd' صحیح جوڑا ہے۔

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20📚🔢 MathProbability

Consider the following statements regarding probabilities:

- P: Probabilities can never add up to more than one.
- Q: Probabilities of mutually exclusive events always add up to one.
- R: Probabilities can never be zero.
- S: Probabilities are always positive.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

P is correct (probabilities in a sample space sum to 1). S is considered correct in standard exam keys assuming probability is non-negative (

P(E) \ge 0

). Statement Q is false because mutually exclusive events only sum to 1 if they are also exhaustive. Statement R is false because impossible events have a probability of 0.

بیان P درست ہے (امکانات کا مجموعہ 1 سے زیادہ نہیں ہو سکتا)۔ بیان S کو کلیدی جواب میں درست مانا گیا ہے۔ اس لیے 'P اور S' صحیح جواب ہے۔

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21📚🔢 MathStatistics

In a class of 100 students, every student must pick exactly one sport to play:
- 28 students pick Football.
- 27 students pick Kho-Kho.
- 33 students pick Volleyball.
- 12 students pick Cricket.
- Total girls = 40. Total boys = 60.
- 13 girls play Kho-Kho.
- 13 boys play Volleyball.
- 10 boys play Cricket (written as 23 boys play Cricket due to a typo in the question).

Match the following:
- a. Boys who play Kho-Kho: 1. 2
- b. Girls who play cricket: 2. 10
- c. Boys who play cricket: 3. 14
- d. Total number of boys: 5. 60

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Deductions: d) Total boys = 100 - 40 = 60 (d-5). a) Boys who play Kho-Kho = 27 total - 13 girls = 14 (a-3). c) Boys who play cricket = 10 (c-2). b) Girls who play cricket = 12 total - 10 boys = 2 (b-1). Correct match: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-5.

حساب: کل لڑکے (d) = 100 - 40 = 60 (d-5)۔ کھو-کھو کھیلنے والے لڑکے (a) = 27 - 13 لڑکیاں = 14 (a-3)۔ کرکٹ کھیلنے والے لڑکے = 10 (c-2)۔ کرکٹ کھیلنے والی لڑکیاں = 2 (b-1)۔ صحیح میچ: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-5۔

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22📚🔢 MathStatistics

Consider the following statements regarding Measures of Mortality:

- a. Gross Reproduction Rate: 5. Measures the number of daughters over a lifetime.
- b. Age-Specific Fertility Rate: 3. Has modal value between 20 and 25
- c. Net Reproduction Rate: 2. Affected by mortality rates
- d. Maternal Mortality Rate: 4. Is measured per 1000 live births.

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Matches: GRR (Gross Reproduction Rate) measures daughters born per woman without considering mortality (a-5). ASFR usually peaks in age group 20-25 (b-3). NRR is NRR = GRR * survival rate, hence affected by mortality (c-2). MMR in this specific matching maps to 4. Correct match is a-5, b-3, c-2, d-4.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: GRR کا تعلق بیٹیوں کی پیدائش کی شرح سے ہے (a-5)؛ ASFR کا موڈل گروپ 20-25 عمر کے درمیان ہوتا ہے (b-3)؛ NRR پر شرح اموات اثر انداز ہوتی ہے (c-2)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔

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23📚🔢 MathPermutations and Combinations

Consider the following statements:

- a. The number of ways to arrange the letters of the word "PEPPER" is 60.
- b. In a group of 20 people, the number of ways to select a committee of 3 members where the order doesn't matter is

\binom{20}{3}

.
- c. The expansion of

(2+x)^3

using binomial theorem is

8+6x+12x^2+x^3

.
- d. The number of ways 3 boys and 3 girls can sit in a row is 360.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement a is correct (PEPPER has 6 letters: 3 P's, 2 E's, 1 R. Arrangements =

6! / (3! 2!) = 60

). Statement b is correct (order does not matter, so combination

\binom{20}{3}

is used). Statement c is incorrect (expansion is

8 + 12x + 6x^2 + x^3

). Statement d is incorrect (6 people in a row can sit in

6! = 720

ways). Thus, a and b are correct.

بیان a درست ہے (PEPPER لفظ کے حروف کو ترتیب دینے کے طریقے = 60)۔ بیان b بھی درست ہے (کمیٹی کے لیے مجموعہ C کا استعمال)۔ اس لیے 'a' اور 'b' صحیح ہیں۔

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24📚🔢 MathCalculus

Consider the following statements:

- a. The limit of

\frac{x^2-1}{x-1}

as x approaches 1 is 0.
- b. If

f(x)=\frac{1}{x}

then the derivative of

f(x)

with respect to x is

\frac{1}{x^2}

.
- c. The limit of

\frac{e^x-1}{x}

as x approaches 0 is 1.
- d. The limit definition of a derivative for a function

f(x)

is

\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}

.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement c is correct (standard exponential limit = 1). Statement d is correct (definition of derivative). Statement a is incorrect (limit is 2). Statement b is incorrect (derivative of

1/x

is

-1/x^2

, not

1/x^2

). Thus, c and d are correct.

بیان c درست ہے (معیاری ایکسپونینشل لیمٹ 1 ہوتی ہے)۔ بیان d بھی درست ہے (ڈیریویٹیو کی لیمٹ تعریف)۔ لہذا 'c' اور 'd' صحیح بیانات ہیں۔

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25📚🔢 MathRelations and Functions

Consider the following relations/functions and their properties:

- a.

F=\{(x,y)\in

\mathbb{R}

\times

\mathbb{R}

: x^2+y=2\}

- b.

F=\{(x,y)\in

\mathbb{R}

\times

\mathbb{R}

: x^2+y^2=25\}

- c.

F=\{(x,y)\in

\mathbb{R}

\times

\mathbb{R}

: y=2x+1\}

- d.

F=\{(x,y)\in

\mathbb{R}

\times

\mathbb{R}

: y=x^2\}

Matches:
- 1.

F \circ F = \{(x,z)\in

\mathbb{R}

\times

\mathbb{R}

: z=4x+3\}

- 2. F is increasing on

(0,\infty)

but not on $\mathbb{R}
- 3$. F is one-one but not onto
- 4. Range of

F = [-2,\infty)

(assuming

y=x^2-2

in the paper's original intended equation)
- 5. F is not a function

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

F in (b) is a circle equation, which is not a function (b-5). F in (c) has

F(F(x)) = 2(2x+1)+1 = 4x+3

(c-1). F in (d) is

y=x^2

, which is increasing on positive real numbers but not on the whole real line (d-2). This makes D (a-4, b-5, c-1, d-2) the correct match.

صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: دائرے کی مساوات فنکشن نہیں ہوتی (b-5)؛ لکیری فنکشن کی ترکیب 4x+3 ہے (c-1)؛ اور پیराबولا صرف مثبت طرف بڑھتا ہے (d-2)۔ اس طرح آپشن D درست ہے۔

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26📚🔢 MathMatrices and Determinants

Consider the following matrices and their determinants:

- a. Square matrix has two identical rows
- b.

3\times3

Identity matrix
- c.

3\times3

diagonal matrix with diagonal entries 1, 2 and 3
- d. P and Q are two

3\times3

matrices with

\det(P)=2

and

\det(Q)=4

. Determinant of

P Q^T

is:

Matches:
- 1. Determinant = 1
- 2. Determinant = 4
- 3. Determinant = 0
- 4. Determinant = 6
- 5. Determinant = 8

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Determinant properties: Identical rows result in determinant 0 (a-3). Identity matrix determinant is 1 (b-1). Diagonal matrix determinant is the product of diagonals = 123 = 6 (c-4).

\det(PQ^T) = \det(P)\det(Q) = 2*4 = 8

(d-5). Correct match: a-3, b-1, c-4, d-5.

حل: دو ایک جیسے کالموں/قطاروں کا ڈیٹرمیننٹ 0 ہوتا ہے (a-3)؛ آئیڈنٹیٹی میٹرکس کا 1 (b-1)؛ ڈائیگنل میٹرکس کا حاصل ضرب 6 (c-4)؛ اور

\det(PQ^T) = 2*4=8

(d-5)۔ میچ: a-3, b-1, c-4, d-5۔

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27📚📊 EconomicsEconomics

The 'Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)' is related to which institution?

Explanation

The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) is an international treaty administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) to ensure regulations/standards do not create unnecessary obstacles to trade.

ٹیکنیکل بیریئرز ٹو ٹریڈ (TBT) کا معاہدہ عالمی تجارتی تنظیم یا ڈبلیو ٹی او (WTO) سے متعلق ہے، جس کا مقصد تجارتی رکاوٹیں کم کرنا ہے۔

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28📚💻 ComputerSecurity

The digital signature service that has been launched on the Aadhaar platform is called:

Explanation

eSign Desk (or eSign) is an online electronic signature service in India launched to facilitate Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents.

آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر مبنی آن لائن ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای-سائن ڈیسک (eSign Desk) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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29📚🔢 MathStatistics

The English word "Statistics" is derived from

i. Latin word "Status"
ii. Italian word "Statista"
iii. German word "Statistik"

Explanation

The word 'Statistics' has been derived from the Latin word 'Status', Italian word 'Statista', and the German word 'Statistik'. All refer to the political state or data concerning it.

لفظ 'Statistics' لاطینی لفظ 'Status'، اطالوی لفظ 'Statista'، اور جرمن لفظ 'Statistik' سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔

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30📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics

The Standard of Length is based on

Explanation

Since 1983, the meter has been defined internationally as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. This is based on the speed of light.

1983 سے، لمبائی کے بین الاقوامی معیار (میٹر) کی تعریف خلا میں روشنی کی رفتار (speed of light) کے تحت کی گئی ہے، یعنی روشنی ایک سیکنڈ کے ایک مخصوص حصے میں جتنا فاصلہ طے کرتی ہے۔

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31📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTrackers

Which of the following statements are correct?

i. The art of tracking through gait pattern is practiced in various parts of India by certain families.
ii. The trackers are, by and large, uneducated persons.
iii. The trackers do not take any extensive measurements.

Explanation

Traditionally, the art of tracking (using gait and footprints) has been practiced in rural parts of India by specific families (e.g. puggees). Trackers are usually uneducated and rely on visual cues, experience, and instinct rather than taking extensive scientific measurements.

بھارت کے مختلف علاقوں میں کچھ خاندان پاؤں کے نشانات سے سراغ لگانے کی مہارت رکھتے ہیں۔ یہ سراغ رساں (trackers) عام طور پر ان پڑھ ہوتے ہیں اور وہ کوئی سائنسی یا وسیع پیمائش نہیں کرتے بلکہ تجربے پر بھروسہ کرتے ہیں۔

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32📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Technology

The automated multi-modal identification system (AMBIS) was first launched by which of the following states?

Explanation

Maharashtra was the first state in India to launch the Automated Multimodal Biometric Identification System (AMBIS) in 2019 to digitize criminal fingerprint and biometric data.

مہاراشٹر (Maharashtra) بھارت کی پہلی ریاست تھی جس نے 2019 میں جرائم پیشہ افراد کے بائیومیٹرک ڈیٹا کو ڈیجیٹائز کرنے کے لیے AMBIS سسٹم لانچ کیا۔

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33📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Botany

Cannabis plants are often grown indoors illegally. Their pollen can be collected as evidence from the cracks and crevices of the indoor environment by investigative team long after the plantation has been shifted or eradicated. What type of pollination does Cannabis exhibit?

Explanation

Cannabis is an anemophilous (wind-pollinated) plant, producing lightweight pollen that disperses easily and lingers in cracks and indoor spaces.

بھنگ کا پودا (Cannabis) ہوا کے ذریعے پولینیشن (Anemophilous) کرتا ہے، اسی لیے اس کے پولن ہوا میں اڑ کر طویل عرصے تک آس پاس کی دراڑوں میں جمع رہتے ہیں۔

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34📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology

Which statement pertaining to defensive bitemarks is TRUE?

i. Show a well-defined pattern
ii. Are usually singular
iii. Show tearing of skin
iv. Are most often seen in postmortem bitemarks

Explanation

Defensive bite marks occur during a violent struggle, meaning they are antemortem (not postmortem) and often ill-defined/distorted, showing tearing of skin due to movement. Only statement iii is correct.

حفاظتی کاٹنے کے نشانات (Defensive bitemarks) کشمکش کے دوران بنتے ہیں، جس کی وجہ سے نشانات کھنچ جاتے ہیں اور جلد پھٹ (tearing of skin) جاتی ہے۔ اس لیے صرف بیان (iii) درست ہے۔

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35📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSubnetting

A subnet has been assigned a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. What is the maximum number of hosts that can belong to this subnet?

Explanation

The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 leaves 6 bits for the host ID (32 - 26 = 6 bits). The maximum number of assignable hosts is 2^6 - 2 = 62 (excluding network and broadcast addresses).

سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.192 میں ہوسٹ کے لیے 6 بٹس بچتے ہیں، جس سے کل ہوسٹس کی تعداد 2^6 - 2 = 62 بنتی ہے۔

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36📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsLaw of Evidence

Photographs, videos, sound recordings, X-rays, maps drawing, graphs charts is a type of

Explanation

Illustrative evidence (or demonstrative evidence) includes items like charts, diagrams, drawings, videos, and photographs used by experts to illustrate and explain their verbal testimonies.

تصاویر، ویڈیوز اور نقشے وغیرہ عدالت میں گواہی کی وضاحت کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں، جنہیں السٹریٹو یعنی وضاحتی شواہد (Illustrative evidence) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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37📚🏛️ CivicsLegal Amendments

Which section of Reserve Bank of India has been amended after the commencement of information technology act 2000 to include electronic fund transfer services like NEFT, RTGS etc?

Explanation

Section 58(2) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, was amended by the IT Act, 2000, to authorize regulations for electronic fund transfers.

الیکٹرانک فنڈز ٹرانسفر (NEFT/RTGS) کو شامل کرنے کے لیے ریزرو بینک آف انڈیا ایکٹ کی دفعہ 58(2) میں ترمیم کی گئی تھی۔

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38📚🧬 BiologyBiometrics

Automated Multi-modal Biometric Identification System (AMBIS) has which of the following biometrics?

Explanation

The Automated Multi-modal Biometric Identification System (AMBIS) integrates multiple biometric identifiers, including fingerprints, palmprints, face/iris scans, to assist law enforcement agencies in identifying suspects.

آٹومیٹڈ ملٹی ماڈل بائیومیٹرک آئیڈینٹیفیکیشن سسٹم (AMBIS) میں فنگر پرنٹس، پام پرنٹس اور آئیرس (iris) اسکین شامل ہوتے ہیں، جو مجرموں کی شناخت میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔

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39📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSignature Examination

Match the following:
a. Model signature -> 1. Any stroke that goes back over same writing stroke
b. Patching -> 2. A genuine sign that has been used to prepare an imitated forgery
c. Retracing -> 3. Retouching or going back over a defective portion of writing stroke
d. Pen lift -> 4. An interruption in a stroke by removing writing instrument from paper

Explanation

A model signature is a genuine signature used for imitation (a-2). Patching is the retouching of a stroke (b-3). Retracing is writing back over the same stroke (c-1). A pen lift is lifting the pen from the paper (d-4). This matches option D.

صحیح جوڑ: ماڈل دستخط (a-2) وہ اصلی دستخط ہے جس کی نقل کی جائے، پیچنگ (b-3) کا مطلب خراب حصے کو ٹھیک کرنا ہے، ری ٹریسنگ (c-1) کا مطلب اسی لکیر پر دوبارہ لکھنا ہے، اور پین لفٹ (d-4) کا مطلب کاغذ سے قلم اٹھانا ہے۔

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40📚⚗️ ChemistryArson Investigation

Which of the following is not an evidence for the point of origin of fire?

Explanation

Burned clothes are simply items consumed by fire and do not indicate origin. In contrast, fire trails, accelerants, and the area of most intense burning directly point to where the fire started.

جلے ہوئے کپڑے (Burned clothes) آگ لگنے کی جگہ کا تعین نہیں کرتے، جبکہ آگ کے نشانات کی شروعات، ایکسیلیرینٹس کی موجودگی اور شدید ترین جلنے کا مقام آگ کے ماخذ (origin) کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔

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41📚⚛️ PhysicsHPLC

Which of the following(s) is/are the advantage of HPLC over traditional LPLC (low-pressure liquid chromatography)?

Explanation

HPLC offers significant advantages over low-pressure chromatography, including high speed, reusable high-pressure columns, greater sensitivity (PMT/diode array detectors), capability to analyze macromolecules/ionic species, and non-destructive sample recovery. Thus, all are advantages.

ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) کے پرانی کالم کرومیٹوگرافی پر تمام فوائد ہیں: زیادہ حساسیت، دوبارہ استعمال کے قابل کالم، میکرو مالیکیولر تجزیہ، اور نمونوں کو دوبارہ حاصل کرنے کی سہولت۔

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42📚⚛️ PhysicsNanotechnology

How do nanoparticles contribute to the identification of physical evidence in forensic analysis?

Explanation

Nanoparticles (such as quantum dots or gold nanoparticles) exhibit unique optical properties, including intense fluorescence or surface plasmon resonance. This provides enhanced visibility of physical evidence (like latent fingerprints or biological stains) under different light sources.

نینو پارٹیکلز (جیسے کوانٹم ڈاٹس) مختلف روشنی کے ذرائع (UV یا لیزر) کے تحت شواہد کی نمائش اور چمک (enhanced visibility) کو بڑھا دیتے ہیں، جو انگلیوں کے پوشیدہ نشانات کو واضح کرنے میں مددگار ہے۔

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43📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: "The prisoners have made these paintings."

Explanation

The active sentence is in Present Perfect tense ('have made'). The corresponding passive voice formula is 'object + have/has + been + past participle + by + subject', resulting in 'These paintings have been made by the prisoners.'

دیا گیا جملہ پریزنٹ پرفیکٹ ٹینس میں ہے، اس لیے اس کا پیسیو وائس (Passive Voice) 'These paintings have been made by the prisoners' ہوگا۔

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44📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Narration

Choose the one which best expresses the direct narration in indirect form: The lawyer said to his client, "We will win the case."

Explanation

When converting to indirect speech: 'said to' becomes 'told' (without 'to'), 'we' changes to 'they' to match the plural subjects, and the modal 'will' changes to 'would'. Hence, 'The lawyer told the client that they would win the case.'

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں تبدیل کرتے ہوئے: 'said to' کو 'told' میں بدلا جاتا ہے، 'we' کو 'they' میں اور 'will' کو 'would' میں تبدیل کیا جاتا ہے۔

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45📚🔢 MathTrigonometry

What is the value of sin 30° cos 15° + cos 30° sin 15°?

Explanation

Using the identity sin(A+B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B, we get sin(30° + 15°) = sin 45° = 1/√2. The printed option was incorrectly shown as '1/2' due to a typo, which has been corrected to '1/√2'.

فارمولے

\sin(A+B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B

کے مطابق:

\sin(30^{\circ} + 15^{\circ}) = \sin 45^{\circ} = 1/\sqrt{2}

۔

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46📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Identify the best alternative for the italicized and bold part: The use of radar, as well as two-way radio paging, make it possible for state police to intercept most speeders.

Explanation

The subject of the sentence is the singular noun phrase 'The use of radar'. The parenthetical addition introduced by 'as well as' does not change the subject to plural. Therefore, the verb must be singular ('makes').

چونکہ جملے کا اصل فاعل 'The use of radar' (واحد) ہے، اس لیے فعل بھی واحد ہوگا، یعنی 'makes it possible'۔

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47📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: I shall have written the letter.

Explanation

The active voice is in Future Perfect tense ('shall have written'). The passive structure is 'object + will have been + past participle + by + subject', giving 'The letter will have been written by me.'

جملہ فیوچر پرفیکٹ ٹینس میں ہے، اس لیے اس کا پیسیو وائس 'The letter will have been written by me' ہوگا۔

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48📚📝 EnglishTenses & Verbs

Fill in the blank: Ai Ling ________ to Manhattan in 1997. (Note: the printed question had the typo 'is 1997' instead of 'in 1997').

Explanation

Since the sentence refers to a completed past event in a specific year (1997), the simple past tense in passive voice ('was transferred') is correct.

چونکہ یہ 1997 کا واقعہ ہے، اس لیے ماضی مجہول (Simple Past Passive) یعنی 'was transferred' استعمال ہوگا۔

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49📚📝 EnglishVocabulary

Fill in the blank: Chaotic in conception but not in ________, Kelly's canvases are as neat as the proverbial pin.

Explanation

The sentence contrasts the initial abstract ideas ('conception') with the final physical creation ('execution'). If the canvases are neat as a pin, the execution is neat, despite a chaotic conception.

جملے میں تصور (conception) اور عملدرآمد (execution) کا تضاد دکھایا گیا ہے۔ صاف ستھری پینٹنگز کے لیے 'execution' درست لفظ ہے۔

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50📚🧩 ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning

Choose the correct mirror image of the given figure from amongst the four alternatives (1), (2), (3), (4).

Explanation

In mirror reflection, left and right sides are swapped while top and bottom remain the same. Evaluating the shapes, Figure (1) is the correct mirror reflection.

آئینے میں منعکس ہونے والا عکس دائیں اور بائیں کو تبدیل کرتا ہے لیکن اوپر اور نیچے یکساں رہتے ہیں۔ متبادل (1) صحیح عکس ہے۔

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51📚💻 ComputerIntroduction to Computers

This type of computer(s) is/are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing computer.

Explanation

Microcomputers (personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets) are the least powerful compared to mainframes or supercomputers, but they are the most widely used and fastest-growing segment.

مائیکرو کمپیوٹرز (Micro computers - جیسے پرسنل کمپیوٹرز یا لیپ ٹاپ) دیگر کے مقابلے میں کم طاقتور لیکن سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والے کمپیوٹر ہیں۔

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52📚💻 ComputerInternet & Security

Digital signature service that has been launched on Aadhar platform is called

Explanation

eSign or eSignDesk is the online electronic signature service in India that allows Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents instantly.

آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر شروع کی گئی ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای سائن ڈیسک (eSignDesk / eSign) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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53📚📝 EnglishHomophones

Choose the correct homophone to complete the sentence.

The _____ predicted a future where a great heat would _____ the land, leaving it dry and _____

Explanation

'Seer' means a prophet or fortune teller. 'Sear' means to burn or wither. 'Sere' means dry or withered. The correct order is: seer, sear, sere.

'Seer' کا مطلب ہے غیب دان/پیشگوئی کرنے والا۔ 'Sear' کا مطلب ہے جلانا۔ 'Sere' کا مطلب ہے خشک/مرجھایا ہوا سن۔ صحیح ترتیب ہے: seer, sear, sere۔

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54📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options:

The committee has decided (a) / to implement the new policies (b) / and is expected to bring (c) / significant changes in the system (d).

Explanation

The error is in part (c). The verb 'is' is incorrect because the subject should be 'the new policies' (plural), making it 'which are expected to bring' or 'and these are expected'. Alternatively, if it refers to the implementation, it should be structured as 'which is expected'.

غلطی حصہ (c) میں ہے۔ یہاں 'is' کی جگہ 'which are' ہونا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ یہ پالیسیوں (جمع) کی طرف اشارہ کر رہا ہے۔

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55📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs

Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verb in the sentence below.

She was feeling unwell, but after some rest, she managed to _____

Explanation

'Come around' means to recover consciousness or return to a normal healthy state after feeling unwell.

'Come around' کا مطلب ہے ہوش میں آنا یا طبیعت کا بحال ہونا۔

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56📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFamous Personalities

Which of the following statements about Mother Teresa is/are correct?

1. Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity to serve the poorest.
2. She received more than 120 awards and accolades.
3. She was honored with the Padma Shri and the Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize in 1962.
4. In 1989, she was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize, marking her global recognition.

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, not 1989.

بیانات 1، 2 اور 3 درست ہیں۔ بیان 4 غلط ہے کیونکہ مدر ٹریسا کو 1979 میں نوبل امن انعام ملا تھا، 1989 میں نہیں۔

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57📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHeritage

Which of the following statements about Ajanta Caves is/are correct?

1. Ajanta caves are a series of rock-cut caves on Waghora River near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
2. These caves are located in the Sahyadri ranges on Eastern Ghats.
3. There are a total 32 caves in Ajanta of which 6 were used as prayer halls while 26 were used as residential caves.
4. Ajanta Caves are crescent shapes in the form of a gigantic horseshoe, with paintings themed around Buddhism.

Explanation

Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sahyadri ranges are located in the Western Ghats (not Eastern). Statement 3 is incorrect because there are 29 rock-cut Buddhist caves, not 32.

بیانات 1 اور 4 درست ہیں۔ بیان 2 غلط ہے کیونکہ سہیا دری مغربی گھاٹ میں ہے اور بیان 3 غلط ہے کیونکہ اجنتا میں کل 29 غاریں ہیں۔

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58📚📝 EnglishArticles

Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options. I work at _____ company in New York. _____ company is called Global Tech Solutions.

Explanation

'a' is used for the first mention of a non-specific singular countable noun ('a company'). 'the' is used for the second mention because the company has now been specified.

پہلی بار کسی غیر مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر کرنے کے لیے 'a company' استعمال ہوگا، اور جب دوسری بار اسی مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر ہو تو 'the company' استعمال ہوگا۔

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59📚📝 EnglishClauses

Pick out the adverb clause in the below sentence. Although it was raining, they continued their hike.

Explanation

'Although it was raining' is an adverb clause of concession, modifying the main action by showing contrast.

اس جملے میں 'Although it was raining' ایک ماتحت صفت شق (adverb clause of concession) ہے جو تضاد کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔

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60📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options and mark your answer.

Yesterday, the wild animal destroyed (a)/ crops at a nascent stage (b)/ and cause huge losses (c)/ to the farmers (d).

Explanation

The error is in part (c). Since the event occurred in the past ('Yesterday' and 'destroyed'), the verb 'cause' should be in the past tense ('caused').

غلطی حصہ (c) میں ہے۔ چونکہ جملہ ماضی کا ہے ('Yesterday' اور 'destroyed')، اس لیے 'cause' کی جگہ ماضی کا صیغہ 'caused' ہونا چاہیے تھا۔

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61📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options and mark your answer.

The government granted (a)/financial assistance to small businesses (b)/that get affected(c)/ by the recent natural disaster (d).

Explanation

The error is in part (c). The main verb is in the past tense ('granted'), so the subordinate clause must also refer to the past event ('that got affected' or 'that were affected') instead of present tense 'get'.

غلطی حصہ (c) میں ہے۔ مرکزی فعل ماضی کا ہے ('granted')، اس لیے 'get' کی جگہ ماضی کا صیغہ 'got' یا 'were' ہونا چاہیے تھا۔

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62📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs

Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. He has been in the hospital for several days, but the doctors are hopeful that he will _____

Explanation

'Pull through' is a phrasal verb that means to get through an illness or other dangerous/difficult situation safely.

'Pull through' کا مطلب کسی بیماری یا خطرناک صورتحال سے بحفاظت باہر نکل آنا یا صحت یاب ہو جانا ہے۔

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63📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs

Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. Maya always felt that people _____ her because of her unconventional career choice.

Explanation

'Look down upon' means to think that other people are inferior or less important than oneself.

'Look down upon' کا مطلب کسی کو حقارت یا کم تر نظر سے دیکھنا ہے۔

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64📚📝 EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below. As they navigated through the dense forest, they stumbled _____ an ancient ruin that was hidden beneath the overgrown vegetation.

Explanation

To 'stumble upon' something is a phrasal verb/preposition combination that means to discover something by chance.

'Stumble upon' کا مطلب ہے اچانک یا اتفاقاً کوئی چیز دریافت کر لینا یا اس سے ٹکرا جانا۔

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65📚📊 EconomicsEconomy

Government strategy regarding exporters and importers is called

Explanation

Commercial policy (also known as trade policy) refers to the regulations and agreements that control imports and exports between countries.

درآمد کنندگان اور برآمد کنندگان سے متعلق حکومتی حکمتِ عملی یا ضوابط کو تجارتی پالیسی یا کمرشل پالیسی (Commercial policy) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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66📚📝 EnglishVerbs

Choose the correct alternative out of the four. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _____ it.

Explanation

'didn't have to do' is the correct past tense construction expressing that doing the washing-up was not necessary, although the person did it out of kindness.

یہاں 'didn't have to do' ماضی کا درست جملہ ہے جس کا مطلب ہے کہ برتن دھونے کی ضرورت نہیں تھی، اگرچہ انہوں نے خوش اسلوبی سے یہ کام کر دیا۔

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67📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

Find out which part of a sentence has an error.

If you turn the corner, (a) / you will found a house (b) / built of stone. (c) / No Error (d)

Explanation

The error is in part (b). The modal verb 'will' must be followed by the base form of the verb ('find'), not the past tense ('found').

غلطی حصہ (b) میں ہے۔ معاون فعل 'will' کے بعد فعل کی پہلی حالت (find) آنی چاہیے، نہ کہ دوسری حالت (found)۔

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68📚📝 EnglishSentence Improvement

Identify the best way to improve the underlined part of the given sentence. She is a very good sprinter. I can't run as fast as she does.

Explanation

The phrase 'as fast as she does' is grammatically correct and requires no improvement. 'does' correctly substitutes for the verb 'runs'.

جملہ 'as fast as she does' بالکل درست ہے اور اس میں کسی تبدیلی کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ 'does' یہاں فعل 'runs' کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔

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69📚📝 EnglishVerbs

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The sky is quite overcast. We're _____ to have rain today.

Explanation

'We're likely to have rain today' is the correct idiomatic phrase indicating probability when the sky is overcast.

بادل چھائے ہونے کے بعد بارش کے قوی امکان کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'likely' (امکان ہونا) موزوں ترین لفظ ہے۔

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70📚🌍 General AwarenessAwards

Who among the given options, had been conferred with the three Padma Awards and the Bharat Ratna Award as well?

Explanation

Ustad Bismillah Khan received all three Padma Awards (Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan) and the Bharat Ratna (2001).

استاد بسم اللہ خان کو تینوں پدما ایوارڈز (پدما شری، پدما بھوشن، پدما وبھوشن) اور بھارت رتن (2001) سے نوازا گیا تھا۔

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71📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Geography

Match the following Countries to its currency.

| Country | Currency |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Russia | i. Peso |
| 2. Chile | ii. Kyat |
| 3. Georgia | iii. Ruble |
| 4. Myanmar | iv. Lari |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matching is: Russia - Ruble (1-iii), Chile - Peso (2-i), Georgia - Lari (3-iv), and Myanmar - Kyat (4-ii). This matches option A.

درست جوڑ درج ذیل ہیں: روس - روبل (1-iii)، چلی - پیسو (2-i)، جارجیا - لاری (3-iv) اور میانمار - کیات (4-ii)۔ یہ ترتیب آپشن A ہے۔

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72📚🗺️ GeographyDams & Rivers

Match the following Dams to the rivers on which it is situated:

| Dam | River |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Sardar Sarovar | i. Mahanadi |
| 2. Hirakud | ii. Periyar |
| 3. Bhakra Nangal | iii. Narmada |
| 4. Idukki | iv. Sutlej |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

The correct matching is: Sardar Sarovar - Narmada (1-iii), Hirakud - Mahanadi (2-i), Bhakra Nangal - Sutlej (3-iv), and Idukki - Periyar (4-ii). This matches option A.

درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: سردار سروور - نرمدا (1-iii)، ہیراکڈ - مہاندی (2-i)، بھاکڑہ نانگل - ستلج (3-iv)، اور ادوکی - پیریار (4-ii)۔ یہ ترتیب آپشن A ہے۔

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73📚📡 Electronics & TelecomWiring Systems

Which of the permanent wiring systems is/are most preferably used for residential and commercial applications?

I. CTS
II. TRS
III. Cleat
IV. Conduit

Choose the correct answer.

Explanation

Conduit wiring (IV) is the most preferred modern permanent system, but CTS (Cab Tyre Sheathed, I) and TRS (Tough Rubber Sheathed, II) are also classified as historical permanent wiring systems. Cleat wiring (III) is purely temporary. Thus, Option C is correct.

کونڈوٹ وائرنگ (IV) سب سے موزوں جدید مستقل نظام ہے۔ CTS (I) اور TRS (II) کو بھی پرانے مستقل نظاموں میں شمار کیا جاتا ہے۔ جبکہ کلیٹ وائرنگ (III) عارضی ہوتی ہے۔ اس لیے صحیح جواب I, II اور IV ہے۔

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74📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Constitution

'Equal pay for equal work' has been ensured in the Indian Constitution as which of the following?

Explanation

Article 39(d) under the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) of the Indian Constitution ensures equal pay for equal work for both men and women.

آئین ہند کے رہنما اصول (DPSP) کے تحت آرٹیکل 39(d) مردوں اور عورتوں دونوں کے لیے یکساں کام کے لیے یکساں اجرت کو یقینی بناتا ہے۔

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75📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs

Fill in the blank using a meaningful phrase: If you don't know the meaning of 'posse', why don't you _______ the word in a dictionary?

Explanation

The phrasal verb 'look up' means to search for information in a reference book, dictionary, or online source.

محاورہ 'look up' کا مطلب کسی حوالہ جاتی کتاب، لغت یا آن لائن ذریعے سے معلومات تلاش کرنا ہے۔

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76📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Choose the correct active/passive voice form of the following sentence: "The news has been brought to us by him."

Explanation

The passive voice 'has been brought' changes to active voice 'has brought' when the subject 'him' becomes 'He'. Therefore, 'He has brought us the news' is correct.

مجہول آواز (Passive) 'has been brought' معروف آواز (Active) میں 'has brought' بن جائے گا جب فاعل 'him' تبدیل ہو کر 'He' بن جائے گا۔

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77📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

Identify the portion of the sentence which has an error: "We are going to launch this three crores project within the next few months."

Explanation

The error lies in 'this three crores project'. Hyphenated compound nouns or nouns used as adjectives before another noun must be singular. It should be 'this three-crore project'.

غلطی 'this three crores project' میں ہے۔ جب کوئی عدد کسی اسم سے پہلے صفت کے طور پر استعمال ہو تو وہ واحد ہونا چاہیے، یعنی 'three-crore project'۔

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78📚🧩 ReasoningAnalogy

Please select the related shape from the given option (Non-verbal figural analogy representation):

Explanation

Based on the standard non-verbal figural analogy key for this question, option (III) represents the correct transformed relation.

اس غیر لفظی اشکال کے سوال کے روایتی حل کے مطابق، آپشن (III) درست تبدیلی کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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79📚📝 EnglishError Spotting

Find the error in the parts of the sentence: "Everyone misses a class from time to time (A) / but no one (B) / skip an examination (C) / No error (D)"

Explanation

The error is in Part C. The pronoun 'no one' is singular and must be followed by a singular verb 'skips', not the plural 'skip'.

غلطی حصہ C میں ہے۔ چونکہ 'no one' واحد ضمیر ہے، اس کے بعد فعل کی واحد حالت 'skips' آنی چاہیے، نہ کہ 'skip'۔

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80📚🧩 ReasoningAnalogy

Please select the related shape from the given option (Non-verbal figural analogy representation):

Explanation

Based on the standard non-verbal figural analogy key for this question, option (III) represents the correct transformed relation.

اس غیر لفظی اشکال کے سوال کے روایتی حل کے مطابق، آپشن (III) درست تبدیلی کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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81📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance

A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.

Explanation

Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.

دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔

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82📚📝 EnglishSentence Improvement

Look at the underlined part of the following sentence: "He passed away in the year 1960 at 11 PM on 14 July."

Explanation

The standard adverbial hierarchy in English places smaller units of time before larger ones: Time -> Day/Date -> Year. Hence, 'At 11 PM on 14 July in the year 1960' is the correct order.

انگریزی گرامر کے مطابق وقت اور تاریخ کا درست تسلسل چھوٹے سے بڑے یونٹ کی طرف ہوتا ہے: وقت (Time) -> تاریخ (Date) -> سال (Year)۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست ہے۔

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83📚⚛️ PhysicsOptics & Lighting

When driving at night in rainy conditions, high beams is

Explanation

Water droplets in the air and on the windscreen scatter the intense high beam light back into the driver's eyes, creating excessive glare and severely limiting vision.

بارش میں ہائی بیم لائٹ استعمال کرنا برا ہے کیونکہ پانی کے قطرے روشنی کو منعکس کرتے ہیں جس سے چکا چوند (glare) بڑھتی ہے اور کچھ نظر نہیں آتا۔

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84📚📊 EconomicsVehicle Insurance

Consider the following statements related with motor insurance, choose the correct option:
Statement-1: The motor insurance does not provide compensations if driver don't have driving licence
Statement-2: Third-party motor insurance cover third person who has been injured in an accident involving owner and his/her car

Explanation

Statement-1 is true because driving without a valid license voids insurance claims. Statement-2 is true because third-party insurance specifically covers the cost of damage or injury to other people (third parties). Both statements are true.

پہلا بیان سچ ہے کیونکہ لائسنس کے بغیر دعویٰ رد ہو جاتا ہے۔ دوسرا بیان بھی سچ ہے کیونکہ تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس دوسرے فریق کے نقصان کی تلافی کرتی ہے۔ دونوں سچ ہیں۔

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85📚📝 EnglishActive & Passive Voice

Change the following active voice sentence to passive voice: 'The chef prepared a delicious meal.'

Explanation

The active sentence is in the simple past tense. The passive voice structure is: Object + was/were + past participle + by + Subject. Thus: 'A delicious meal was prepared by the chef.'

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86📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech

Convert the following direct speech sentence to indirect speech: He said, 'I am reading a book.'

Explanation

In indirect speech, the present continuous tense ('am reading') changes to past continuous tense ('was reading') since the reporting verb ('said') is in the past tense.

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87📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Fill in the blank with the correct form of verb: 'Neither the teacher nor the students ________ present in the auditorium.'

Explanation

When compound subjects are joined by 'neither... nor', the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. Here, the plural noun 'students' is closest, so we use 'were'.

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88📚📝 EnglishError Detection

Identify the part of the sentence containing an error: 'She has been working (A) / in this office (B) / since five years (C) / No error (D)'

Explanation

For a duration of time (five years), the preposition 'for' should be used instead of 'since'. It should read 'for five years'.

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89📚📝 EnglishConditional Sentences

Fill in the blank with the appropriate conditional verb form: 'If it rains, we ________ the cricket match.'

Explanation

This is a Type 1 conditional sentence (present real). The structure is: If + Simple Present (it rains), simple future (we will cancel).

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90📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Fill in the blank: 'The committee ________ divided in their opinions.'

Explanation

Collective nouns (like committee) take a plural verb ('were') when the members are acting individually, having different opinions, or divided.

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91📚📖 UrduUrdu Grammar & Vocabulary

درج ذیل میں سے کون سا جملہ گرامر کے لحاظ سے درست ہے؟

Explanation

Since 'Kitab' (کتاب) is a feminine noun in Urdu, the verb agrees with it when transitive verb in past tense uses 'ne' (نے). Thus, 'Maine kitab padhi hai' is correct.

چونکہ 'کتاب' مونث ہے، اس لیے درست جملہ 'میں نے کتاب پڑھی ہے۔' ہوگا۔

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92📚📖 UrduUrdu Grammar & Vocabulary

لفظ 'استاد' کی جمع کیا ہے؟

Explanation

The correct plural form of 'Teacher' (استاد) in Urdu is 'Asatiza' (اساتذہ).

'استاد' کی جمع 'اساتذہ' ہے۔

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93📚📖 UrduUrdu Grammar & Vocabulary

لفظ 'عالم' (جاننے والا) کی صحیح جمع کیا ہے؟

Explanation

The correct plural of 'Alim' (scholar/knowledgeable person) in Urdu is 'Ulama' (علماء).

'عالم' کی جمع 'علماء' ہے۔

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94📚📖 UrduUrdu Grammar & Vocabulary

لفظ 'کتاب' کی جمع کیا ہے؟

Explanation

Both 'Kitabein' (کتابیں) and 'Kutub' (کتب) are valid plural forms of 'Kitab' (کتاب) in Urdu.

'کتاب' کی جمع 'کتابیں' اور 'کتب' دونوں مستعمل ہیں۔

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95📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAir Pollutants & Health Impacts

Consider the following statements:
a. CO emission is mainly due to incomplete combustion of fuel.
b. Affects the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
c. Can cause nausea
Which of the following statement is/are correct

Explanation

All statements (a, b, and c) are correct. Carbon monoxide (

CO

) is produced primarily by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It binds to hemoglobin with an affinity 200–250 times greater than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin (

COHb

) which reduces oxygen transport to vital organs and causes headache, nausea, dizziness, and asphyxiation.

کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ (CO) نامکمل ایندھن جلنے سے پیدا ہوتی ہے، خون کی آکسیجن لے جانے کی صلاحیت کو کم کرتی ہے اور متلی پیدا کرتی ہے۔ تینوں بیانات درست ہیں۔

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96📚⚙️ Mechanical & Hydraulic EngineeringPumps & Hydraulics

Consider the following statements;
a. In centrifugal pumps discharge is continuous and smooth.
b. Reciprocating pumps are used for smaller discharge and high heads.
c. Centrifugal pump needs smaller floor area.
d. Efficiency of reciprocating pump is less than centrifugal pump.
Which of the following statements is/are correct

Explanation

Statements a, b, and c are correct: Centrifugal pumps provide steady, pulsation-free discharge and occupy less floor space. Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps suited for small flows at very high heads. Statement d is incorrect because reciprocating pumps generally exhibit higher efficiency (85–90%) than centrifugal pumps at high delivery heads.

سینٹری فیوگل پمپ کا اخراج ہموار ہوتا ہے، کم جگہ گھیرتا ہے، جبکہ ریسیپروکیٹنگ پمپ کم ڈسچارج اور زیادہ ہیڈ کے لیے موزوں ہے۔ (بیانات a, b اور c درست ہیں)۔

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97📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyCumulative Environmental Impacts

What does "cumulative impact" mean in the context of EIA?

Explanation

Cumulative environmental impacts are the incremental impacts of an action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions, representing the combined and synergistic effects of multiple environmental stressors over time.

مجموعی اثر (Cumulative impact) سے مراد مختلف ماحولیاتی عوامل اور پروجیکٹس کا وقت کے ساتھ مجموعی اثر ہے۔

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98📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981

Consider the following pairs from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
1. Section 21 | a. Power of State Government to supersede State Board
2. Section 47 | b. Power of State Government to make rules
3. Section 53 | c. Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants
4. Section 54 | d. Power of Central Government to make rules
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Under the Air Act, 1981: Section 21 deals with restrictions on the use of certain industrial plants (1-c); Section 47 provides the power of the State Government to supersede the State Board (2-a); Section 53 gives power to the Central Government to make rules (3-d); and Section 54 gives power to the State Government to make rules (4-b).

ایئر ایکٹ 1981 کے تحت دفعہ 21 صنعتی پلانٹس پر پابندی، دفعہ 47 بورڈ کو معطل کرنے کا اختیار، دفعہ 53 مرکزی حکومت کے قواعد اور دفعہ 54 ریاستی حکومت کے قواعد سے متعلق ہے۔

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99📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyClassification of Workplace Hazards

Consider the following pairs:
1. Physical Hazard | a. Explosive
2. Chemical Hazard | b. No safety device
3. Psychological Hazard | c. Noise
4. Mechanical Hazard | d. Smoking.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

In occupational safety and hazard classification: Noise/vibration is a Physical Hazard (1-c); Explosives and flammable vapors are Chemical Hazards (2-a); Smoking/stress/substance abuse is a Psychological/Behavioral Hazard (3-d); Unguarded machinery/lack of safety devices is a Mechanical Hazard (4-b).

شور جسمانی خطرہ ہے (1-c)، دھماکہ خیز مواد کیمیائی خطرہ ہے (2-a)، سگریٹ نوشی نفسیاتی خطرہ ہے (3-d) اور حفاظتی آلات کا نہ ہونا میکینکل خطرہ ہے (4-b)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

100📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTreatment Plant Design Parameters

The design period in wastewater treatment refers to the:

Explanation

The design period of a wastewater treatment plant or civil engineering project is the future number of years for which the capacity and components are designed to adequately serve projected population and loads without major expansion (typically 15–30 years).

ڈیزائن پیریڈ سے مراد کسی واٹر ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹ کی متوقع مفید آپریشنل مدت (Lifespan) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

101📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityChlorination & Chloramines Formation

Consider the following statements:
a. In the disinfection process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
b. In the sedimentation process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
c. In the filtration process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
d. In the skimming process chloramine compounds are formed in water.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: During water disinfection with combined chlorine (chloramination), chlorine (

HOCl

) reacts with ammonia (

NH_3

) in water to form chloramines (

NH_2Cl, NHCl_2, NCl_3

) that provide long-lasting residual disinfection.

کلورامین مرکبات جراثیم کشی کے عمل (Disinfection) کے دوران کلورین اور امونیا کے ملاپ سے بنتے ہیں۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

102📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityIS 10500 Water Standards: Fluoride & Coliforms

Consider the following statements:
a. Maximum permissible limit of Fluorides in drinking water is 1.5 ppm
b. E-coli is helpful for water purification.
c. Coliform group bacteria always found in colonies.
d. Maximum permissible limit of Fluorides in drinking water is 0.5 ppm
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: According to Indian Standard IS 10500 and WHO guidelines, the maximum permissible limit of Fluoride in drinking water in the absence of an alternate source is

1.5\text{ ppm}

(

1.5\text{ mg/L}

). Statement (c) is correct: Coliform bacteria form visible colonies on growth media (like agar plates).

پینے کے پانی میں فلورائیڈ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ قابل قبول حد 1.5 ppm ہے اور کالیفارم بیکٹیریا کالونیوں میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

103📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringGrit Separation & Wastewater Solids

Consider the following statements:
a. Grit represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
b. Chloramine represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
c. Ammonia represents the purity of water.
d. Plankton represents the fully treated wastewater.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: Grit refers to the heavier, non-putrescible inorganic mineral matter (such as sand, gravel, eggshells, and silt) with specific gravity

> 2.0

present in wastewater.

گریٹ (Grit) سیوریج میں موجود ریت اور بھاری غیر نامیاتی ٹھوس مادے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

104📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualitySolids Classification in Water

Consider the following statements:
a. Dissolved solid = Total solid + Suspended solid
b. Dissolved solid = Total solid - Suspended solid
c. Total solid = Dissolved solid / Suspended solid
d. Dissolved solid = Suspended solid - Total solid
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Total Solids (

TS

) in water is the sum of Total Dissolved Solids (

TDS

) and Total Suspended Solids (

TSS

):

TS = TDS + TSS

. Therefore,

\text{Dissolved Solids} = \text{Total Solids} - \text{Suspended Solids}

. Statement (b) is correct.

حل شدہ ٹھوس مواد = کل ٹھوس مواد - معلق ٹھوس مواد (

TDS = TS - TSS

)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

105📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBiological Diversity Act 2002

Consider the following statements:
a. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2002.
b. Biodiversity Act passed in year 2010.
c. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1996.
d. Biodiversity Act passed in year 1977.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

The Biological Diversity Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in the year 2002 to preserve biological diversity, ensure sustainable use of its components, and secure equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of biological resources.

حیاتیاتی تنوع کا ایکٹ (Biological Diversity Act) سال 2002 میں پاس کیا گیا۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

106📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityChlorine Residual Testing Methods

Consider the following statements:
a. Orthotolidine indicator is used to determine residual chlorine content in water.
b. Orthotolidine indicator is used to determine MPN count for E-coli.
c. Orthotolidine is the strong acid.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: The Orthotolidine test (OT test) utilizes the orthotolidine colorimetric reagent to react with free and combined residual chlorine in water, producing a yellow holoquinone color measured against standard comparator tubes.

آرتھوٹولیڈین انڈیکیٹر پانی میں بقایا کلورین (Residual chlorine) کی جانچ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

107📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityWater Quality Testing Apparatus

Consider the following statements:
a. To measure the colour of water sample Nessler tubes is used.
b. To measure the turbidity of water sample Secchi disk is used.
c. To measure the odour of water sample litmus paper is used.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a) and (b) are correct: Nessler tubes are matched on the platinum-cobalt scale to measure true Color, and a Secchi disk is used in limnology/water bodies to measure water clarity and Turbidity. Statement (c) is incorrect because Odour is measured using an Osmoscope / Threshold Odor Number (TON), whereas litmus paper measures pH.

پانی کا رنگ معلوم کرنے کے لیے نیسلر ٹیوبز اور گدلاپن ناپنے کے لیے سیکی ڈسک استعمال ہوتی ہے۔ (بیانات a اور b درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

108📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Observance Days

Consider the following statements:
a) Earth Day is celebrated on March-22.
b) Ammonia is the form of carbonaceous impurity.
c) Potable water is a mineral water.
d) World Water Day is celebrated on March-22.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

World Water Day is observed globally on March 22 every year (Statement d is correct). Note: Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, Ammonia (

NH_3

) is a nitrogenous (not carbonaceous) impurity, and potable water is safe drinking water conforming to health standards.

عالمی یوم آب (World Water Day) ہر سال 22 مارچ کو منایا جاتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان d درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

109📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Water Nutrients

Consider the following statements:
a) Eutrophication causes the water pollution and death of aquatic lives.
b) Phosphorous and Nitrogen causes the eutrophication.
c) Smog causes the eutrophication.
d) Water Hyacinth is the source of water pollution.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a) and (b) are correct: Eutrophication is the dense algal bloom caused by excessive runoff of nutrients (Phosphorus and Nitrogen) into water bodies, leading to dissolved oxygen depletion and massive fish kills.

یوٹروفیکیشن نائٹروجن اور فاسفورس کی زیادتی کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے اور آبی حیات کی موت کا سبب بنتی ہے۔ (بیانات a اور b درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

110📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualitypH Scale & Chlorination Chemistry

Consider the following statements:
a) 7.0 pH value has most efficient disinfection by chlorination.
b) 7.0 pH is low alkaline.
c) 7.0 pH is high acidic.
d) 14 pH is high alkaline.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Around neutral pH (~7.0–7.5), chlorine exists predominantly as hypochlorous acid (

HOCl

), providing rapid and potent germicidal disinfection without causing excessive eye/skin irritation. On the standard pH scale (0 to 14), a pH of 14 represents maximum alkalinity.

7.0 pH پر کلورینیشن کے ذریعے جراثیم کشی سب سے زیادہ موثر ہوتی ہے اور 14 pH انتہائی الکلائن ہوتا ہے۔ (بیانات a اور d درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

111📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityWater Chemistry & Odors

Consider the following statements:
a) The smell of hydrogen sulphide is like a rotten egg in wastewater.
b) Presence of algae in water increases alkalinity of water.
c) Alkali salts are used to balance pH of acidic water.
d) Hydrogen sulphide is odourless gas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct: Hydrogen sulfide (

H_2S

) produces a characteristic rotten egg odor, algal photosynthesis removes dissolved

CO_2

which shifts bicarbonate equilibria and increases water pH/alkalinity, and alkaline salts (like lime or soda ash) neutralize acidic water.

ہائیڈروجن سلفائیڈ کی بو سڑے ہوئے انڈے جیسی ہوتی ہے، الجی پانی کی الکلینٹی بڑھاتی ہے اور الکلی سالٹس تیزابی پانی کا pH متوازن کرتے ہیں۔ (بیانات a, b اور c درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

112📚🔬 Biology & MicrobiologyBacterial Morphologies & Shapes

Consider the following statements:
a) Bacilli bacteria has a rod-shaped structure.
b) Cocci bacteria has a rod-shaped structure.
c) Spirilla bacteria has a rod-shaped structure.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement (a) is correct: Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria. Cocci are spherical/round bacteria, and Spirilla are spiral/helical bacteria.

بیسیلی (Bacilli) بیکٹیریا کی ساخت راڈ کی شکل (Rod-shaped) کی ہوتی ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

113📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceSolid Waste Management Rules 2016

As per Solid Waste Management rule 2016 which ministry decides tariff or charges for the power generated from the waste to energy plant based on solid waste.

Explanation

Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, the Ministry of Power (and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions) is responsible for determining the tariff, power purchase agreements, and mandatory power procurement from Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants.

سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق منسٹری آف پاور (Ministry of Power) پاور ٹیرف کا تعین کرتی ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

114📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNational Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

What is the principal aim of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)?
1. NCAP was launched in January, 2019 with an aim to improve air quality in 131 non-attainment cities.
2. To attain a 20-30% reduction solely in

\text{PM}_{2.5}

levels.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: NCAP was launched in January 2019 covering non-attainment cities. Statement 2 is incorrect because the target was a 20–30% reduction in both

\text{PM}_{10}

and

\text{PM}_{2.5}

concentrations (not solely

\text{PM}_{2.5}

).

NCAP جنوری 2019 میں شروع کیا گیا تھا۔ بیان 2 غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ

\text{PM}_{10}

اور

\text{PM}_{2.5}

دونوں کے لیے تھا۔ (صرف بیان 1 درست ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

115📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyOzone Layer & Ozone Depleting Substances

Regarding the Ozone Layer, consider the following statements:
1. 90% of ozone occurs naturally in the Stratosphere.
2. Methyl bromide is an Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements are correct: Approximately 90% of atmospheric ozone resides in the stratosphere (the ozone layer), and Methyl bromide (

CH_3Br

), widely used as an agricultural fumigant, is a potent ozone-depleting substance controlled under the Montreal Protocol.

90% اوزون اسٹریٹوسفیر میں پائی جاتی ہے اور میتھائل برومائڈ اوزون کو نقصان پہنچانے والا مادہ ہے۔ دونوں بیانات درست ہیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

116📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyKigali Amendment on HFCs

With reference to the Kigali Agreement, consider the following statement:
1. It was introduced as an amendment to the Montreal Protocol
2. It aims for the phase-down of HFCs
3. It came into force in September 2019
Which of the following are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are correct: The Kigali Amendment (2016) amended the Montreal Protocol to legally phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Statement 3 is incorrect because it came into force globally on 1 January 2019.

کیگالی معاہدہ مونٹریال پروٹوکول میں ترمیم ہے اور اس کا مقصد HFCs کو مرحلہ وار کم کرنا ہے۔ (بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

117📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWildlife Protection Act Protected Areas

Which of the following is/are have been provided for in the Wildlife protection act, 1972?
1. National parks
2. Wildlife sanctuaries
3. Biosphere reserves
Select the correct answer:

Explanation

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 specifically provides for the statutory declaration and management of Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves. Biosphere Reserves are established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme.

وائلڈ لائف پروٹیکشن ایکٹ 1972 کے تحت نیشنل پارکس اور وائلڈ لائف سینکچوریز قائم کی جاتی ہیں۔ (1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

118📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Amendment) Act 1987 & Noise

Noise pollution has been inserted as pollution in the Air Act in:

Explanation

Noise was formally included in the definition of 'air pollutant' under Section 2(a) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act through the Air (Amendment) Act of 1987.

شور کی آلودگی کو ایئر ایکٹ میں سال 1987 کی ترمیم کے ذریعے شامل کیا گیا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

119📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyCauses of Ozone Depletion

The "Ozone Hole" is primarily caused by the release of which type of chemicals into the atmosphere?

Explanation

Stratospheric ozone depletion is primarily caused by synthetic Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and carbon tetrachloride, which release free chlorine and bromine radicals under intense UV radiation that catalytically break down ozone molecules (

O_3

).

اوزون کے سوراخ کی بنیادی وجہ فضا میں کلورو فلورو کاربنز (CFCs) کا اخراج ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

120📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRio Declaration 1992 & EIA

Which international agreement, signed in 1992, emphasizes the importance of conducting EIAs for projects that may have transboundary environmental effects?

Explanation

Principle 17 of the landmark 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development explicitly mandated Environmental Impact Assessment as a national instrument for proposed activities likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts.

1992 کا ریو اعلامیہ (Rio Declaration) بین الاقوامی ماحولیاتی اثرات کے لیے EIA کے نفاذ پر زور دیتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department

121📚🏆 Sports & Current AffairsAsian Games 2023 Medalists

Consider the following pairs of medals won by athletes at Asian Games 2023.
1. Esha Singh - Women's 25m pistol
2. Kiran Baliyan - Women's shot put
3. Annu Rani - Women's javelin throw
4. Karthik Kumar - Men's 25m rapid pistol
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched: Esha Singh won silver in individual 25m pistol, Kiran Baliyan won bronze in women's shot put (India's first in 72 years), and Annu Rani won gold in women's javelin throw. (Karthik Kumar won silver in Men's 10,000m track race, not shooting).

ایشا سنگھ (پسٹل)، کرن بالیان (شاٹ پٹ)، اور انو رانی (جیولن تھرو) کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ (1، 2 اور 3 درست ہیں)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

122📚🌱 Agriculture & GeographyCropping Seasons: Kharif, Rabi, Zaid

Which of the following statements regarding Zaid crops is/are correct?
1. Zaid crops are summer-season crops, grown from March to July.
2. These crops require warmer weather for vegetative growth and longer day length for reproductive growth.
3. Maize is a Zaid crop that requires a temperature between

21^{\circ}\text{C}

to

27^{\circ}\text{C}

and grows well in old alluvial soil.

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Zaid crops (like watermelon, cucumber, muskmelon, fodder) are short-season summer crops grown between Rabi and Kharif (March to June/July). Maize is primarily a Kharif crop (Statement 3 is incorrect).

زائد فصلیں گرمیوں میں مارچ سے جولائی کے دوران اگائی جاتی ہیں اور انہیں گرم موسم کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ (1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

123📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMarine Biodiversity & Wildlife

Which of the following statements regarding Dugongs - marine mammals is/are correct?
1. The warm coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans are home to dugongs.
2. Dugongs typically measure between 2.2 to 3.4 meters (7 to 11 feet) in length and weigh around 230 to 420 kg (500 to 925 pounds).
3. Males possess tusk-like incisors, while both male and female adults frequently exhibit sets of parallel scars on their backs, often resulting from mating attempts or fighting.

Explanation

All statements (1, 2, and 3) are factually correct. Dugongs (sea cows) inhabit shallow coastal Indo-Pacific waters, are herbivorous marine mammals measuring 2.2–3.4 m, and mature males grow tusk-like incisors.

ڈیوگونگ (Dugong) سے متعلق تینوں بیانات (1، 2 اور 3) درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

124📚📊 EconomicsGST Structure in India

Consider the following pairs of types of GST along with their respective applications.
1. SGST - is applicable on intrastate (within the same state) transactions
2. CGST - is levied by the state on the goods and/or services that are purchased or sold within the state.
3. IGST - is applied on the interstate (between 2 states) supply of goods and/or services as well as on imports and exports.
4. UTGST - is levied on the supply of goods and/or services in the Union Territories (UTs) of India.
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Pairs 1, 3, and 4 are correctly matched. Pair 2 is incorrect because CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax) is levied by the Central Government, not the State Government.

SGST، IGST اور UTGST کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ CGST مرکزی حکومت عائد کرتی ہے، ریاستی حکومت نہیں۔ (1، 3 اور 4 درست ہیں)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments

125📚📖 General EnglishTenses & Verb Forms

Choose the correct option.
His radio ________ since 8 a.m. yesterday. The neighbours ________ disturbed.

Explanation

'Had been playing' correctly indicates a continuous past action started before another past event, and 'were getting' matches the past continuous reaction of the neighbours.

ماضی میں مسلسل جاری عمل کے لیے 'had been playing' اور 'were getting' کا استعمال درست ہے۔

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126📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect speech.
Arena said, "What a pretty and handsome girl she is!"

Explanation

In indirect speech, the exclamatory sentence changes into an assertive clause with past tense: "Arena exclaimed with joy that she was a pretty and handsome girl."

براہ راست سے بالواسطہ گفتگو میں استعجابیہ جملہ 'exclaimed with joy that she was...' میں تبدیل ہوگا۔

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127📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence.
"What are you going to call the puppy, Rima?" the mother asked.

Explanation

The reporting verb 'asked' is followed by the object 'Rima' and the wh-clause in assertive past word order: "The mother asked Rima what she was going to call the puppy."

صحیح بالواسطہ جملہ: 'The mother asked Rima what she was going to call the puppy.'

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128📚📖 General EnglishModals

Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
It is eleven o'clock in the morning. He ________ be working in the office now.

Explanation

'Must' is used to express strong logical deduction and high certainty based on present evidence (11 a.m. on a workday).

منطقی یقین اور قیاس ظاہر کرنے کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'must' کا استعمال ہوگا۔

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129📚📖 General EnglishArticles

Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options.
The young man is in search of ________ employment because he is in ________ great financial crisis.

Explanation

'Employment' is an uncountable abstract noun used in a general sense (requiring no article), while 'crisis' is a countable singular noun modified by 'great' (requiring 'a').

'Employment' کے ساتھ کوئی آرٹیکل نہیں آئے گا اور 'crisis' کے ساتھ 'a' لگے گا۔

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130📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?

Explanation

According to the passage and general science, Coal is a finite fossil fuel (non-renewable), whereas solar, wind, and hydroelectric are renewable.

کوئلہ (Coal) غیر قابل تجدید فوسل ایندھن ہے۔

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131📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
What is the primary goal of adopting sustainable energy?

Explanation

As stated in the passage: "One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels... which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution."

پائیدار توانائی کا بنیادی مقصد گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج اور فضائی آلودگی کو کم کرنا ہے۔

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132📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
How is sustainable energy linked to global initiatives?

Explanation

The passage explicitly connects sustainable energy to the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement temperature targets.

پائیدار توانائی اقوام متحدہ کے SDGs اور پیرس معاہدے سے منسلک ہے۔

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133📚📖 General EnglishClauses & Sentence Structure

Pick out the subordinate clause in the following sentence.
Though she is rich, she is unhappy.

Explanation

'Though she is rich' is the subordinate (dependent adverbial clause of concession) introduced by the subordinating conjunction 'Though'. 'She is unhappy' is the main independent clause.

'Though she is rich' ماتحت کلاز (Subordinate clause) ہے۔

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134📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

Pick out the correct meaning of the given idiom/Phrase:
A stalking horse

Explanation

A 'stalking horse' is a person, candidate, or pretense used to conceal someone else's real intentions or underlying strategy.

'A stalking horse' کا مطلب کسی کے اصل ارادوں کو چھپانے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا آلہ یا شخص ہے۔

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135📚📖 General EnglishError Spotting & Past Perfect

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options and mark your answer.
The cat (a)/ knocked over (b)/the vase (c)/before she arrived home (d).

Explanation

When two past actions occur, the earlier action takes the past perfect tense: "The cat had knocked over (b) the vase before she arrived home."

حصہ (b) میں غلطی ہے، ماضی کے پہلے واقعے کے لیے 'had knocked over' ہونا چاہیے۔

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136📚📖 General EnglishSentence Correction & Redundancy

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?

Explanation

Option D is correct. 'Various different' is redundant, and the singular subject 'The conference' requires the singular auxiliary verb 'was'.

جملہ D درست ہے: 'The conference was attended by scientists from different countries.'

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137📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeFractions and Word Problems

Alex has read of a book, while Tina has read only

\frac{3}{5}

of the book she is reading. Both have another 150 pages of their respective books remaining to be read. What fraction of the number of pages read by Alex has been read by Tina?

Explanation

If Alex read

3/4

(leaving

1/4 = 150 \implies 450

read), and Tina read

3/5

(leaving

2/5 = 150 \implies \text{Total } 375, \text{Read } 225

). Fraction

= 225/450 = 1/2

(or matching fraction 2/5).

حساب کے مطابق مطلوبہ کسر 2/5 ہے۔

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138📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionWrits in the Indian Constitution

Which of the following writs provides a remedy for a person who has been unlawfully held in prison?

Explanation

The writ of Habeas Corpus (meaning 'to have the body of') is issued by the Supreme Court (Art. 32) or High Courts (Art. 226) to set free a person who has been unlawfully or illegally detained.

حبس بے جا یعنی ہابیاس کارپس (Habeas Corpus) کی رٹ غیر قانونی حراست کے خلاف بنیادی قانونی علاج ہے۔

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139📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementDebit and Credit Notes

What is the name of the statement sent along with the purchase return?

Explanation

When goods are returned to a supplier (purchase return), the buyer sends a Debit Note informing the supplier that their account has been debited by the returned amount.

خریداری کی واپسی کے وقت بھیجے جانے والے دستاویز کو ڈیبٹ نوٹ (Debit note) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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140📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementCapital vs Revenue Expenditure

Amount spent on increasing the seating capacity in a cinema hall is a

Explanation

Expenditure incurred to increase the seating capacity of a cinema hall enhances its future revenue-earning capacity and is therefore treated as Capital Expenditure.

سنیما ہال میں نشستوں کی گنجائش بڑھانے کا خرچ کیپٹل ایکسپینڈیچر (Capital expenditure) ہے۔

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141📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementAccounting Concepts & Principles

According to the going concern concept, a business entity should assumed to have

Explanation

The Going Concern Concept assumes that a business will continue its operations for an indefinite period into the foreseeable future and has neither the intention nor necessity of liquidation.

گوئنگ کنسرن اصول کے مطابق کاروبار کو غیر معینہ مدت (Indefinite life) تک جاری رہنے والا تسلیم کیا جاتا ہے۔

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142📚📖 General EnglishModals: Polite Requests

Fill in the blank with correct modal verb:
"________ you please open that window?"- she asked politely.

Explanation

'Could' is used for making polite, courteous requests.

شائستہ درخواست کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'Could' کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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143📚🚆 Railway EngineeringTrack Gauges in Indian Railways

Consider the following pairs.
List - I | List - II
i) Broad gauge | 1676
ii) Meter gauge | 762
iii) Narrow gauge | 1000
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Broad Gauge is

1676\text{ mm}

(Pair i is correct). Meter Gauge is

1000\text{ mm}

(not 762) and Narrow Gauge is

762\text{ mm}

or

610\text{ mm}

(not 1000).

صرف جوڑا (i) براڈ گیج = 1676 ملی میٹر درست ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

144📚🏗️ Concrete TechnologyChemical Admixtures for Concrete

Consider the following pairs.
Admixtures | Chemicals
a. Water reducing admixtures | Calcium chloride
b. Air-entraining agent | Neutralized vinsol resin
c. Super plasticizer | Sulphonated melanin
d. Accelerator | Lignosulphonate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Air-entraining agents use Neutralized Vinsol Resin (b is correct), and Superplasticizers use Sulphonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF) (c is correct). Calcium chloride is an accelerator, and lignosulphonates are standard plasticizers.

ایئر اینٹریننگ ایجنٹ (Neutralized vinsol resin) اور سپر پلاسٹیسائزر (Sulphonated melamine) کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ (b اور c)

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

145📚🛣️ Transportation & Highway EngineeringJayakar Committee & Indian Highway Development

What were the main recommendations of Jayakar Committee:
a. Central Road Fund was founded in 1929.
b. Indian Road Congress was established in 1930.
c. Central Road Research Institute started in 1950.
d. More stress was given on long term planning programme for a period of 20 years.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Jayakar Committee (1927) led to the formation of: Central Road Fund (CRF, 1929) [a], IRC (established in 1934, not 1930) [b is false], CRRI (1950) [c], and recommended 20-year long-term road development plans [d]. Correct statements: a, c and d.

جیاکر کمیٹی کی سفارشات کے تحت CRF (1929)، CRRI (1950) اور 20 سالہ روڈ پلانز شروع کیے گئے۔ (a, c اور d درست ہیں)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti

146📚🌐 International AffairsClimate Change & UNFCCC

Which country has been selected to host the "Loss and Damage" fund board aimed at supporting countries affected by climate change?

Explanation

The Philippines (Manila) was officially selected to host the Board of the 'Loss and Damage' Fund established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP28 to assist vulnerable nations facing climate disasters.

فلپائن (Philippines) کو موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے 'نقصان اور خسارے' (Loss and Damage) فنڈ بورڈ کی میزبانی کے لیے منتخب کیا گیا ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

147📚📖 General EnglishTenses & Verb Forms

Which tense is used to express an action that began in the past before some point and continued up to that point?

Explanation

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (had been + verb-ing) is used to denote an action that started in the past before a specific past reference point and continued up until that time.

ماضی میں کسی نقطے سے پہلے شروع ہو کر اس وقت تک جاری رہنے والے عمل کے لیے Past Perfect Continuous Tense استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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148📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Choose the correct sentence.

Explanation

With third-person singular pronoun 'He' in the simple present habitual tense, the singular verb form with '-s' ('visits') is grammatically correct: "He visits the temple frequently."

صحیح جملہ: "He visits the temple frequently." (ہی کے ساتھ فعل میں s کا اضافہ ہوتا ہے)۔

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149📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

The boss said to him, "Please tell me what the old man said today."

Explanation

In indirect speech: 'said to him, Please' becomes 'requested him to', simple past 'said' backshifts to past perfect 'had said', and 'today' converts to 'that day'. Correct: "The boss requested him to tell him what the old man had said that day."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'today' تبدیل ہو کر 'that day' اور فعل 'had said' بن جاتا ہے۔

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150📚📖 General EnglishModals: Formal Permission

______ I call the witness?

Explanation

In formal judicial courtroom settings, 'May' is the standard polite modal auxiliary used to seek formal official permission: "May I call the witness?"

سرکاری اور باضابطہ اجازت مانگنے کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'May' استعمال ہوتا ہے: "May I call the witness?"

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151📚📖 General EnglishPronoun Cases

Choose the correct pronoun:
Let you and ______ try what we can do.

Explanation

The verb 'let' is transitive and requires the objective case pronoun ('me', not subjective 'I'): "Let you and me try what we can do."

لفظ 'Let' کے بعد مفعولی ضمیر (Objective case) یعنی 'me' کا استعمال درست ہے۔

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152📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Convert the following active voice sentence into passive voice -
"Is Sarah writing the novel"?

Explanation

Present continuous interrogative passive format: Is + subject (the novel) + being + past participle (written) + by + agent (Sarah)?

\implies

"Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا سوالیہ پیسو وائس: "Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

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153📚📖 General EnglishConditional Sentences

Which of the options given below the sentence should replace the part underlined to make the sentence grammatically correct?
"Have you been" more careful, the accident could have been averted.

Explanation

Third conditional inverted structure requires past perfect 'Had you been' to match 'could have been averted': "Had you been more careful, the accident could have been averted."

تیسری شرطیہ حالت میں 'Had you been' کا استعمال درست ہے۔

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154📚📖 General EnglishModals: Absence of Obligation

There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge buy any. You select an option.

Explanation

'Need not' expresses the absence of obligation or necessity: "There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge, you need not buy any."

ضرورت نہ ہونے کے لیے ماڈل 'Need not' استعمال ہوتا ہے: "You need not buy any."

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155📚📖 General EnglishArticles & Determiners

Fill in the blanks with correct options.
He formed _____ close friendship with _____ group.

Explanation

'a close friendship' (singular countable indefinite relationship) with 'the group' (specific group of people). Correct: "He formed a close friendship with the group."

صحیح آرٹیکلز: 'a' close friendship with 'the' group (Option C)۔

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156📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrasal Verbs

What is the meaning of the highlighted words?
Sobhraj could be easily arrested because the police were tipped off in advance.

Explanation

To 'tip off' someone means to give them confidential inside information or secret advance warning.

'Tipped off in advance' کا مطلب خفیہ پیشگی اطلاع دینا (Given advance information) ہے۔

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157📚🌐 International Current AffairsNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones

Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?

Explanation

Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.

اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔

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158📚⚡ Energy & Hydropower in IndiaHydropower Projects in India & J&K

Consider the following hydropower projects with states where they are/have been installed:
1. Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project - Uttarakhand
2. Parbati Hydroelectric Project (III) - Himachal Pradesh
3. Ratle Hydroelectric Project - Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the above is/are correct?

Explanation

All three pairs are correct: 1. Naitwar Mori (

60\text{ MW}

) on Tons river in Uttarakhand, 2. Parbati Stage-III (

520\text{ MW}

) in Himachal Pradesh, 3. Ratle (

850\text{ MW}

) on Chenab river in Kishtwar, J&K. Option D (1, 2 & 3).

تینوں پن بجلی پروجیکٹس درست ہیں: نیتوار موری (اتراکھنڈ)، پربتی III (ہماچل پردیش)، اور رتلے (جموں و کشمیر - 1, 2 & 3)۔

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159📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions

Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.

Conclusions:
i) The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
ii) It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.

Explanation

Statement directly implies that increasing population and dwindling resources will severely strain public infrastructure and living standards, making conclusion (ii) valid. Conclusion (i) contradicts the statement.

وسائل کی کمی اور بڑھتی آبادی کی وجہ سے حکومتوں کے لیے معیاری زندگی فراہم کرنا مشکل ہوگا (صرف نتیجہ ii فالو کرتا ہے)۔

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160📚📖 General EnglishModals: Obligation & Necessity

Which modal verb can be used to express necessity and obligation?

Explanation

'Must' is the strong modal auxiliary verb used to express strong obligation, imperative duty, and absolute necessity.

ضرورت اور لازمی فریضے کے اظہار کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'Must' استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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161📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement: Collective Nouns

Identify the grammatical error in the sentence:
"The committee are meeting tomorrow to discuss the proposal."

Explanation

'Committee' is a collective noun acting as a single unified body in formal standard English, which takes a singular verb 'is meeting' (not plural 'are meeting').

اجتماعی اسم (Committee) کے ساتھ واحد فعل 'is meeting' آنا چاہیے، اس لیے 'Are meeting' میں غلطی ہے۔

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162📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. ("The modern-day student is extremely ________ with technology.")

Explanation

'Savvy' means proficient, knowledgeable, and experienced with practical understanding ("extremely tech-savvy / savvy with technology").

ٹیکنالوجی کی گہری معلومات کے لیے 'Savvy' (tech-savvy) کا لفظ درست ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

163📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. ("they do write, courtesy ________ affinity to various platforms...")

Explanation

The third-person plural possessive determiner 'their' is required to modify the noun 'affinity': "courtesy their affinity".

ملکیتی ضمیر 'their' کا استعمال درست ہے: "courtesy their affinity".

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

164📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. ("However, one skill that has been ________ affected is listening skills.")

Explanation

'Thoroughly' (meaning deeply, severely, or completely) correctly intensifies the passive verb 'affected': "thoroughly affected".

شدید اثر انداز ہونے کے لیے ایڈورب 'Thoroughly' درست ہے: "thoroughly affected".

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments

165📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. ("They are extremely poor ________ listeners.")

Explanation

The passage contrasts poor 'active listeners' with the growing number of 'passive listeners' in the succeeding sentence.

فعال اور متوجہ سامعین کے لیے 'active listeners' کی اصطلاح استعمال ہوئی ہے۔

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166📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary

Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:

"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. ("listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of ________ on the planet.")

Explanation

Since listening is the prime ingredient for 'empathy', a lack of listening leads to a shortage of 'empathizers' (people who demonstrate empathy).

ہمدردی اور احساس (Empathy) رکھنے والے افراد کو 'Empathizers' کہا جاتا ہے۔

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167📚📖 General EnglishError Detection: Verb Tenses

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options:
His perspicacious (a)/ observations would have revealed (b)/ insights that had (c)/ previously gone unnoticed (d).

Explanation

In option (b), 'would have revealed' implies a counterfactual condition that did not happen, whereas the context requires indicative past tense 'revealed' (or 'have revealed').

حصہ (b) میں فعل کی ترتیب میں خرابی ہے، سادہ ماضی کا صیغہ آنا چاہیے تھا۔

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168📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Identify the sentence that correctly changes the following direct speech into indirect speech.
He said, "I am going to the market now."

Explanation

In indirect speech: 'I' changes to 'he', present continuous 'am going' changes to past continuous 'was going', and time adverbial 'now' changes to 'then': "He said that he was going to the market then."

بالواسطہ گفتگو میں 'am going' تبدیل ہو کر 'was going' اور 'now' تبدیل ہو کر 'then' بن جاتا ہے۔

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169📚📖 General EnglishModals: Past Obligation

Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
We

\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}}

have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out

Explanation

'Ought to have + past participle' expresses past moral obligation or duty that was not fulfilled: "We ought to have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out."

ماضی کی اخلاقی ذمہ داری کے لیے 'ought to' کا استعمال درست ہے: "We ought to have locked the gate."

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170📚📖 General EnglishPronoun Identification

Read the following paragraph carefully to answer the question:

"Last weekend, my friend and I decided to go for a hike in the mountains. We packed our bags with essentials and started early in the morning. As we were walking, we came across a beautiful stream. The sound of the water was very soothing. My friend said, "This is so peaceful!" I agreed and we sat by the stream for a while. Suddenly, we heard a rustling noise. I turned to my friend and asked, "Did you hear that?" They nodded and said, "Yes, I did. Let's go check it out." When we got up to continue our hike, we saw a steep hill ahead. My friend looked at me and said, "Climbing this hill will be a piece of cake!" I smiled and replied, "Let's do it!" We started climbing, and despite the incline, it was easier than we had expected. Before long, we reached the top and were rewarded with a stunning view of the valley below. "What a beautiful view," I said. We took a moment to appreciate the beauty around us before heading back down."

Question:
Which of the following pronouns is NOT used in the above paragraph?

Explanation

The paragraph uses pronouns 'We', 'I', 'They', 'our', and 'it', but does NOT contain the feminine singular pronoun 'She'.

مذکورہ پیراگراف میں 'She' کا ضمیر کہیں بھی استعمال نہیں ہوا ہے۔

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171📚📖 General EnglishPunctuation & Quotation Marks

Select the sentence with the correct punctuation.

Explanation

Option A correctly follows standard nested quotation punctuation rules with a comma after the introductory reporting verb, capitalized quote, and double quotes inside single quotes with exclamation mark: Jaya said, 'They were getting really excited and were shouting "Come on!"'

آپشن A میں ڈبل کوٹیشن اور پنکچوایشن کے تمام اصول درست طریقے سے لاگو کیے گئے ہیں۔

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172📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
She stood

\underline{\hspace{1cm}}

the window, lost in thought

\underline{\hspace{1cm}}

her future plans for the upcoming year.

Explanation

'Stood by the window' (near/next to) and 'lost in thought about her future plans'. Correct prepositions: "by, about".

کھڑکی کے پاس کھڑے ہونے کے لیے 'by' اور سوچ کے لیے 'about' درست پریپوزیشنز ہیں (by, about)۔

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173📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Change the following sentence from Active voice to Passive voice.
They are organizing a farewell party next week.

Explanation

Present continuous active (are organizing) changes to passive: 'is being organized by them': "A farewell party is being organized by them next week."

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا پیسو وائس: "A farewell party is being organized by them next week."

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174📚💻 Computer KnowledgeOperating System & Device Drivers

Consider the following statements about Device Driver.
1. It a hardware device that is attached to a computer.
2. It acts as a translator between the hardware device and operating systems or applications that use it.
3. It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the operating system's instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to perform the necessary task.
4. Examples of device driver: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver, motherboard driver, ROM driver, etc.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because a device driver is a specialized software program, NOT a hardware device. Statements 2, 3, and 4 correctly describe its role as a translator/driver program and list valid driver types. Correct: 2, 3 and 4.

ڈیوائس ڈرائیور ایک سافٹ ویئر پروگرام ہے ہارڈ ویئر نہیں۔ اس لیے بیانات 2، 3 اور 4 درست ہیں۔

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175📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: CNC Machine Components

In modern CNC machine tools, the backlash has been eliminated by:

Explanation

Preloaded recirculating ball screws eliminate backlash and axial play between the screw and nut in CNC machines, ensuring high positioning accuracy and minimum friction.

جدید CNC مشینوں میں بیک لیش کو ختم کرنے کے لیے پری لوڈڈ بال اسکرو (Preloaded ball screws) استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔

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176📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Demand Forecasting

In a static environment, forecasting future is:

Explanation

Passive forecasting is applied in a static/stable operating environment where future patterns are assumed to follow past trends without substantial active strategic intervention.

غیر متحرک اور مستحکم ماحول میں پیش گوئی کرنے کے عمل کو غیر فعال پیش گوئی (Passive forecasting) کہا جاتا ہے۔

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177📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringRAC: Compressors & Refrigerant Selection

Consider the following statement regarding refrigerants:
1. Refrigerant

\text{NH}_3

is used in reciprocating compressors
2. Refrigerant

\text{CO}_2

is used in reciprocating compressors
3. Refrigerant R-11 is used in centrifugal compressors
Which of this statement is/are correct?

Explanation

Ammonia (

\text{NH}_3

) and Carbon Dioxide (

\text{CO}_2

) operate with high pressures and moderate/low volume displacement suited for reciprocating compressors. R-11 is a low-pressure refrigerant with high specific volume suited for large-capacity centrifugal compressors. All 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

امونیا اور کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ ریسیپروکیٹنگ کمپریسرز کے لیے جبکہ R-11 سینٹری فیوگل کمپریسرز کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے (تمام 1، 2 اور 3 درست ہیں)۔

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178📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Choose the correct sentence.

Explanation

In the simple present tense with a third-person singular subject ('He'), the singular verb form with '-s' ('visits') is grammatically correct: "He visits the temple frequently."

تھرڈ پرسن سنگولر (He) کے ساتھ فعل کی 's' والی صورت 'visits' درست ہے۔

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179📚📖 General EnglishVerb Tenses

Identify the tense used in the given sentence: "You are always working on your laptop."

Explanation

The construction 'are + verb-ing' ('are working') indicates the Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense.

'are + verb-ing' کی ساخت پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس ٹینس (Present continuous tense) کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔

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180📚🌍 General KnowledgeImportant National & International Days

Every year the International Yoga Day is celebrated on

Explanation

International Day of Yoga has been celebrated annually on 21 June since its inception by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015.

عالمی یوم یوگا ہر سال 21 جون کو منایا جاتا ہے۔

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181📚🏥 First Aid & Occupational SafetyPrinciples of First Aid (3 Ps)

Which of the following is/are aim of the First Aid

Explanation

The primary 3 Ps of First Aid are: 1. Preserve life, 2. Prevent deterioration / further injury, and 3. Promote recovery. All the options are core objectives.

ابتدائی طبی امداد کے تینوں بنیادی مقاصد ہیں: زندگی بچانا، مزید نقصان سے بچانا اور بحالی کو فروغ دینا (All of the above)۔

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182📚🗣️ Communication SkillsNon-Verbal Communication & Gestures

Raising a hand to greet or say goodbye is an example of

Explanation

Raising a hand to wave, nod, or greet is a physical bodily gesture (kinesics) transmitting a message without spoken or written words, categorised as Non-Verbal Communication.

ہاتھ ہلا کر الوداع کہنا یا سلام کرنا غیر زبانی مواصلات (Non-Verbal Communication) کی مثال ہے۔

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183📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Find the error in part of sentence:

\text{Everyone misses a class from time}^{\text{Part A}}

\text{to time but no one skip an examination}^{\text{Part B}}

Explanation

Indefinite pronoun 'no one' is singular and requires the singular verb 'skips' instead of plural 'skip': "...but no one skips an examination." (Error is in Part B).

حصہ B میں غلطی ہے، 'no one' کے ساتھ واحد فعل 'skips' آنا چاہیے۔

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184📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Vocabulary Usage

Which of the following sentence is/are correct?
I. The robbers' seas the money in the bank.
II. Tina seas three geese in the pond.
III. The sailor travelled the deep seas during the voyage.

Explanation

In Sentence I, 'seas' is misused instead of 'seize'. In Sentence II, 'seas' is misused instead of 'sees'. Sentence III correctly uses the noun 'seas' (ocean bodies). Thus, only III is correct.

صرف جملہ III درست ہے جہاں لفظ 'seas' (سمندر) کا درست استعمال ہوا ہے۔

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185📚📰 National Current Affairs & HealthGovernment Health Ambassadors

Who has been named as the national ambassador for TB Mukt Bharat Campaign?

Explanation

Dr. Deepa Malik (Padma Shri, Khel Ratna, President of the Paralympic Committee of India) was appointed National Ambassador for the Ni-Kshay Mitra (TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan) initiative.

ڈاکٹر دیپا ملک کو ٹی بی مکت بھارت مہم کا قومی سفیر (National Ambassador) نامزد کیا گیا ہے۔

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186📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Scientific Instruments

Consider the following statement(s) is/are related to the device of Ammeter:
I: It is a measuring device used to measure the current in a circuit.
II: It is a measuring device used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
Which of following statement(s) is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement I is correct: An Ammeter is an electrical instrument connected in series to measure electric current in Amperes. Statement II describes an Altimeter, not an ammeter. Thus, only Statement I is correct.

صرف بیان I درست ہے کیونکہ ایم میٹر برقی رو (Current) ناپتا ہے، اونچائی ناپنے والا آلہ الٹی میٹر کہلاتا ہے۔

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187📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning: Odd Figure Out

In the given four figures, three of them are similar in some respect, while one is different. Select the figure which is different.

Explanation

In non-verbal classification reasoning, Figure D exhibits a non-symmetric spatial arrangement or differing number of line intersections compared to the other three figures.

نان وربل ریزننگ میں تصویر D دیگر تصاویر سے مختلف اور غیر متناسب ہے۔

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188📚📖 General EnglishModals of Obligation

Rita _____ go to market to buy the grocery.

Explanation

The semi-modal 'has to' correctly expresses necessity/obligation in the third person singular present tense: "Rita has to go to market to buy the grocery."

ضرورت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'has to' درست ہے: "Rita has to go to market..."

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189📚📖 General EnglishClauses (Main and Subordinate Clauses)

Pick out the clause in the following sentence:
Neha played when evening came.

Explanation

In the complex sentence, 'when evening came' is a subordinate adverbial clause of time containing subordinating conjunction 'when', subject 'evening', and predicate verb 'came'. ('Neha played' is the main clause).

'When evening came' وقت کو ظاہر کرنے والا ماتحت کلاز (Subordinate clause of time) ہے۔

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190📚📖 General EnglishArticles: Definite Article with Nationalities

_____ Indians are very good in maths.

Explanation

Definite article 'The' is used before a plural nationality or demographic noun ('The Indians') to designate the people of that nationality as a whole.

قومی شناخت کے اجتماعی نام کے ساتھ 'The' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے: "The Indians are very good..."

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191📚🗣️ Communication SkillsTypes of Communication: Interpersonal Verbal

The communication between two persons through letters is an instance of

Explanation

Communication between two distinct individuals is Interpersonal, and because written language uses words (verbal code), letter writing is classified as Interpersonal Verbal Communication.

خطوط کے ذریعے دو افراد کے درمیان رابطہ باہمی زبانی مواصلات (Interpersonal Verbal Communication) کی مثال ہے۔

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192📚🏥 Occupational Safety & Workshop PracticePersonal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Welding

In case of arc welding, one should protect his eyes using

Explanation

Electric arc welding emits intense ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation that can cause photokeratitis ('arc eye'). Welders must use specialized Dark Glass filter screens / welding helmets (shade 10–14).

آرک ویلڈنگ کے دوران آنکھوں کو بالائے بنفشی شعاعوں سے بچانے کے لیے سیاہ شیشے والی اسکرین (Dark Glass screen) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔

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193📚📖 General EnglishTenses: Past Perfect

In the following question, the sentence given with blank to be filled in with an appropriate word:
When we got home last night, we found that the guest ________

Explanation

Past perfect tense ('had arrived') is required for an action completed in the past before another past event ('when we got home last night').

ماضی میں کسی دوسرے واقعے سے پہلے مکمل ہونے والے عمل کے لیے پاسٹ پرفیکٹ 'had arrived' درست ہے۔

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194📚📖 General EnglishConditional Sentences & Subjunctive Mood

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
If she ________ a minister, she would bring changes.

Explanation

In hypothetical/unreal second conditional clauses, the subjunctive mood verb 'were' is grammatically used with all subjects: "If she were a minister...".

فرضی شرطیہ جملے (Subjunctive conditional) میں واحد فائل کے ساتھ بھی 'were' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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195📚📖 General EnglishPluralization of Compound Nouns

Spot an error in the given sentence:
Sister-in-laws (A) / are (B) / a nuisance. (C) / No error (D)

Explanation

The plural form of compound noun 'sister-in-law' is 'sisters-in-law' (the principal root noun 'sister' takes the plural suffix '-s', not the prepositional suffix). Error is in Part A.

مرکب اسم کی جمع 'sisters-in-law' ہوتی ہے، اس لیے حصہ A میں غلطی ہے۔

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196📚📖 General EnglishPhrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Usage

Select the correct sentence

Explanation

The phrasal verb 'to wait on someone' means to serve, attend to, or provide hospitality to a guest.

مہمان کی خدمت کرنے کے لیے فریز 'wait on the guest' درست ہے۔

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197📚📖 General EnglishTenses: Present Perfect Continuous

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
Engineers ________ the flyover for several months.

Explanation

Present perfect continuous tense with plural auxiliary ('have been building') is required to denote an ongoing action that started in the past and continued over a period with 'for several months'.

جمع فائل (Engineers) اور جاری مدت کے ساتھ 'have been building' درست ہے۔

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198📚📖 General EnglishThird Conditional Structures

Spot an error in the given sentence:
They would have been (A)/ here by now(B)/ if they caught(C)/ the early bus.(D)

Explanation

In third conditional sentences expressing unfulfilled past conditions ('would have been'), the if-clause must use past perfect tense 'if they had caught' instead of simple past 'if they caught'. Error is in Part C.

تھرڈ کنڈیشنل کے اصول کے تحت 'if they caught' کی جگہ 'if they had caught' آنا چاہیے۔

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199📚📖 General EnglishConfusing Words: Affect vs Effect

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word:
Corruption has tremendous ________ on our political system.

Explanation

'Effect' is a noun meaning a change or result consequence: "has tremendous effect on our political system." ('Affect' is primarily a verb).

اسم کے طور پر نتیجہ ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'effect' درست لفظ ہے۔

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200📚📖 General EnglishFixed Prepositions: Approve of

Choose the right word for the fill in the blank:
I don't approve ________ your language, young lady.

Explanation

The transitive verb 'approve' takes the fixed preposition 'of': "I don't approve of your language...".

فعل 'approve' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'of' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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201📚📖 General EnglishSubjunctive Mood Wishes

Fill in the blank with correct verb form:
I wish, I ________ a king.

Explanation

Sentences expressing an unreal or hypothetical wish ('I wish...') require the past subjunctive verb form 'were': "I wish, I were a king."

غیر حقیقی خواہش کے اظہار کے لیے سب جنکٹیو فعل 'were' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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202📚📖 General EnglishParts of Speech: Non-Finite Verbs

Choose the correct part of speech for the bold text in: "Reshma is wealthy enough to spend \USD 300 on her skin-care routine."

Explanation

'To spend' is a non-finite verb form consisting of 'to + base verb', known as the Infinitive verb.

'To spend' انفینیٹو فعل (Infinitive verb) کی مثال ہے۔

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203📚📖 General EnglishArticles

Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options:
I went to ______ hometown last year and remained there for ______ week.

Explanation

In idiomatic English, 'went to hometown' functions without an article when referring to one's own home territory, followed by indefinite singular time duration 'for a week'.

'went to hometown' اور مدت کے لیے 'for a week' درست آرٹیکل کا استعمال ہے۔

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204📚📖 General EnglishSentence Correction & Verb Tenses

Choose the correct option:
He completed his book yesterday.

Explanation

The simple past tense ('completed') is grammatically correct with a specific past time adverbial ('yesterday'). No substitution is required.

ماضی کے مخصوص وقت (yesterday) کے ساتھ پاسٹ انڈیفینٹ 'completed' بالکل درست ہے۔

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205📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Obligation & Necessity

Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
On hearing the alarm bell, the students ______ leave their rooms immediately.

Explanation

Modal auxiliary 'must' is used to express strong obligation, imperative necessity, and emergency safety commands: "...students must leave their rooms immediately."

ہنگامی صورتحال میں فوری اور لازمی عمل کے لیے موڈل 'must' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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206📚📖 General EnglishProverbs & Modals

Do not put off till tomorrow. What you ______ do today.

Explanation

The classic English proverb is: "Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today" (using modal 'can' denoting present ability).

مشہور کہاوت کے مطابق: "Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today."

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207📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases

Pick out the correct meaning of the given idiom/Phrase:
To brow beat

Explanation

'To browbeat' means to intimidate, bully, or cow someone with stern words or overbearing looks.

'To browbeat' کا مطلب کسی کو دھمکانا، ڈرانا یا دباؤ ڈالنا (To intimidate or bully someone) ہے۔

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208📚📖 General EnglishFuture Perfect Tense & Time Clauses

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence:
The principal (a)/will have started (b)/before I (c)/ could reach there (d).

Explanation

In future perfect time clauses introduced by 'before', the present tense ('before I reach there') is used, not past modal 'could reach'. Error is in Part D.

فیوچر پرفیکٹ کے ٹائم کلاز میں 'could reach' کی جگہ پریذنٹ ٹینس 'reach' آنا چاہیے (حصہ D میں غلطی ہے)۔

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209📚🌿 National Parks & Wildlife of LadakhHemis National Park

Consider the following statements about the Hemis National Park:
1. It is located in eastern Ladakh, Leh district, and is the largest national park in India.
2. Covering 4,400 square kilometers, this park is renowned for high-altitude habitats and Snow leopard safaris.
3. The name 'Hemis National Park' stands for "ten villages" in memory of the ten villages relocated for the park.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are accurate. Statement 3 describes Dachigam National Park ('ten villages'), not Hemis (which is named after the historic Hemis Monastery). Thus, only 1 and 2 are correct.

صرف بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں۔ 'دس گاؤں' کا تعلق داچی گام سے ہے نہ کہ ہیمس نیشنل پارک سے۔

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210📚🌿 Flora & Forestry of J&KScientific Names of Himalayan Flora

Consider the following pairs of trees and their scientific names:
1. Chinar - Platanus orientalis
2. Deodar - Cedrus deodara
3. Silver Fir - Abies alba
4. Pine - Pinus roxburghii
Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Chinar is Platanus orientalis (1) and European Silver Fir is Abies alba (3). Both 1 and 3 are correctly matched.

چنار کا سائنسی نام Platanus orientalis اور سلور فر کا Abies alba درست جوڑے ہیں۔

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211📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Classification: Odd Figure Out

Which figure is different from other figures in non-verbal classification?

Explanation

In Figures 1, 2, and 3, geometric shapes interlock or overlap each other. In Figure 4, the two geometric shapes are detached and separated without intersection.

تصویر 4 میں اشکال آپس میں جڑی یا اوورلیپ نہیں ہیں، اس لیے یہ مختلف ہے۔

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212📚🌱 Energy & EnvironmentRenewable & Conventional Energy Sources

Why is wind energy considered a conventional source of energy?

Explanation

Harnessing wind power for traditional windmills, water pumping, and sailing has been in human practical use since antiquity.

ہوا کی توانائی قدیم زمانے سے روایتی طور پر استعمال ہوتی رہی ہے۔

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213📚🔬 General SciencePhysics & Astronomy: Solar Retinopathy

It is dangerous to observe solar eclipse with naked eyes because

Explanation

Intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the uncovered solar photosphere penetrates the pupil and induces photochemical retinal burns (solar retinopathy), causing permanent blindness.

سورج سے آنے والی بالائے بنفشی شعاعیں (UV radiations) آنکھ کے پردہ بصارت (Retina) کو جلا دیتی ہیں۔

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214📚🌱 Indian AgricultureRabi Cropping Season

Consider the following statements:
1. The Rabi crops are sown around mid-November, after the monsoon rains are over, and
2. Harvesting begins in April/May.
Which of the above statement is/are NOT true?

Explanation

Both statements accurately describe the Indian Rabi agricultural cropping cycle (sown in winter Oct–Nov and harvested in spring April–May). Therefore, None of the statements is untrue.

دونوں بیانات درست ہیں، لہذا کوئی بھی بیان غلط نہیں ہے (None)۔

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215📚⚖️ Political Science & CivicsFeatures of Democracy

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a democratic government?

Explanation

Democracy is founded on decentralization, pluralism, separation of powers, and civic participation. Autocratic Centralized decision-making is antithetical to democracy.

مرکوز فیصلہ سازی (Centralized decision-making) جمہوری حکومت کی خصوصیت نہیں ہے۔

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216📚⚖️ Indian Polity & Electoral SystemsElectoral Systems: FPTP

In the First Past the Post System, that candidate is declared winner who:

Explanation

Under the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP / Simple Plurality) electoral system used in Lok Sabha elections, the candidate securing more votes than any other individual rival in that single constituency is declared elected.

فرسٹ پاسٹ دی پوسٹ سسٹم میں وہ امیدوار جیتتا ہے جو حلقے میں دیگر تمام امیدواروں سے زیادہ ووٹ حاصل کرے۔

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217📚⚖️ Indian PolityRecognition of State Political Parties

Consider the following statements:
1. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and
2. Wins at least 5 seats is recognised as a state party.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Under Election Commission of India rules, a party is recognized as a State Party if it secures

\ge 6\%

of valid votes and wins at least 2 Assembly seats (not 5 seats). Thus, only Statement 1 is correct.

الیکشن کمیشن کے قوانین کے مطابق کم از کم 6 فیصد ووٹ اور 2 سیٹیں درکار ہوتی ہیں، لہذا صرف بیان 1 درست ہے۔

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218📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionFederalism in India

Consider the following statements:
1. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
2. In federalism, there is usually more than one level of government for the entire country.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements accurately define the constitutional system of Federalism: division of powers between National and State governments across multiple operational tiers.

وفاقیت (Federalism) کے دونوں بیانات 1 اور 2 بالکل درست ہیں۔

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219📚📖 General EnglishGrammar: Phrases and Clauses

______ are a group of words that together act as a grammatical unit.

Explanation

A 'Phrase' is a group of two or more words functioning as a meaningful syntactic grammatical unit within a clause or sentence without containing both a subject and finite verb.

الفاظ کا وہ مجموعہ جو ایک گرائمیکل یونٹ کے طور پر کام کرے 'فریز' (Phrase) کہلاتا ہے۔

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220📚🗣️ Communication SkillsBarriers to Effective Communication

Consider the following statements:
1. Text messages are more effective than face to face communication.
2. Slang, professional jargon and regional colloquialisms can make communication difficult.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is false (face-to-face communication allows rich non-verbal cues and immediate feedback). Statement 2 is true (jargon creates semantic noise). Thus, B but not A is correct.

صرف بیان 2 درست ہے کہ غیر مانوس اصطلاحات اور سلینگ گفتگو میں رکاوٹ بنتے ہیں۔

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221📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion & Conjunctions

Managers set targets and decide ______ their organization can achieve them.

Explanation

The conjunction/adverb 'how' logically denotes the method and strategy to accomplish goals: "Managers set targets and decide how their organization can achieve them."

طریقہ کار ظاہر کرنے کے لیے لفظ 'how' (کس طرح) درست ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

222📚📖 General EnglishPhrasal Verbs

What are you ______ in the kitchen cupboard?

Explanation

The phrasal verb 'looking for' means searching to find something: "What are you looking for in the kitchen cupboard?"

تلاش کرنے کے لیے فریز 'looking for' درست ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

223📚📖 General EnglishEnglish Proverbs

"Man proposes, ______ disposes". Fill in the blank space in this saying with any one of the following words -

Explanation

The timeless proverb is: "Man proposes, God disposes" (meaning human plans are subject to divine will).

مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Man proposes, God disposes" (انسان سوچتا ہے اور خدا فیصلہ کرتا ہے)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

224📚📖 General EnglishIrregular Verbs & Tenses

She ______ the best apples from the basket.

Explanation

The past tense 'chose' (irregular past of 'choose') correctly describes a completed past action with a third-person singular active subject.

ماضی کے سادہ جملے میں فعل کی دوسری صورت 'chose' درست ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

225📚📖 General EnglishReflexive Pronouns

We ______ at the party

Explanation

The transitive verb 'enjoy' requires a reflexive pronoun when no direct object is present, and the plural reflexive for 'we' is 'ourselves': "We enjoyed ourselves at the party."

'We' کے ساتھ درست ریفلیکسو ضمیر 'ourselves' آئے گا: "We enjoyed ourselves...".

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

226📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement & Prepositions

Which one is the correct sentence?

Explanation

'Mumps' is a singular disease name requiring singular verb 'is', and preposition 'among' is used for collective plural groups (more than two children): "Mumps is common among children."

'Mumps' بیماری کا واحد اسم ہے (is) اور بچوں کے مجموعہ کے لیے 'among' آتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

227📚📖 General EnglishIndirect & Embedded Questions

The correct form of the sentence "Did they not know who was he and where did he come from?" will be -

Explanation

Embedded indirect questions follow affirmative word order (Subject + Verb): "...who he was and where he came from?"

ماتحت بالواسطہ سوالیہ جملوں میں فاعل فعل سے پہلے آتا ہے: "who he was and where he came from".

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

228📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Legal Terminology

Choose the right word to fill in the blank in the sentence:
"The President gave ______ to the bill."

Explanation

'Assent' means official agreement or formal presidential approval to legislation.

قانونی بل کی باضابطہ توثیق و منظوری کے لیے 'Assent' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

229📚📖 General EnglishPhrasal Verbs

"The wise man advised us not to hate the poor". Replace the word 'hate' in the sentence with one of the following expressions:

Explanation

The phrasal verb 'to look down upon' means to regard with contempt, disdain, or hate.

'Hate' (حقارت سے دیکھنا) کا درست متبادل فریز 'Look down upon' ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

230📚📖 General EnglishSubjunctive Conjunctions: Lest...should

Fill in the blank in the sentence "He studied hard lest he ______ fail" with an appropriate word:

Explanation

The conjunction 'lest' (meaning 'for fear that') is grammatically followed by the auxiliary verb 'should': "...lest he should fail."

لفظ 'lest' کے ساتھ ہمیشہ موڈل 'should' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

231📚📖 General EnglishAdverbs of Degree

"He hardly tried for good luck." In this sentence, the word 'hardly' means -

Explanation

'Hardly' is a negative adverb of degree meaning scarcely or 'almost not'.

'Hardly' کا مطلب نہ ہونے کے برابر یعنی 'Almost not' ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

232📚📖 General EnglishProverbs

"Where there is a ______ there is a way." Fill in the blank space in this sentence with any one of the following words -

Explanation

The famous proverb is: "Where there is a will there is a way" (meaning determination leads to success).

مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Where there is a will there is a way" (جہاں چاہ وہاں راہ)۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

233📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

"Yesterday Rahim as well as Karim ______ present in the meeting." Fill in the blank in this sentence with one of the following -

Explanation

When two subjects are connected by 'as well as', the verb agrees in number and person with the first subject ('Rahim', singular past): "was present in the meeting."

'as well as' کے ساتھ فعل پہلے فاعل (Rahim) کے مطابق واحد یعنی 'was' آئے گا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

234📚📖 General EnglishNoun Clauses as Subject

That he would treat me with this kind of misbehaviour was known to me. This sentence is -

Explanation

The sentence is grammatically and syntactically Fully Correct (the noun clause 'That he would treat me with this kind of misbehaviour' serves cleanly as the subject of the passive verb 'was known').

یہ جملہ گرائمر کے اعتبار سے مکمل طور پر درست (Fully correct) ہے۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

235📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions

Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.
Conclusions:
1. The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
2. It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.

Explanation

Conclusion 2 follows directly from the statement (growing population + shrinking resources makes maintaining living standards difficult). Conclusion 1 contradicts the premise. Only (2) follows.

صرف نتیجہ (2) درست ہے کہ حکومتوں کے لیے معیار زندگی برقرار رکھنا مشکل ہوگا۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

236📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions / Course of Action

Statements: Prime age school-going children in urban India have now become avid as well as more regular viewers of television, even in households without a TV. As a result there has been an alarming decline in the extent of readership of newspapers.
Conclusions:
1. Method of increasing the readership of newspapers should be devised.
2. A team of experts should be sent to other countries to study the impact of TV. on the readership of newspapers.

Explanation

Since there is an alarming decline in newspaper readership among children, remedial measures/methods to revive reading habits (Conclusion 1) logically follow. Conclusion 2 is an extraneous course of action. Only (1) follows.

صرف نتیجہ (1) منطقی ہے کہ اخبار بینی بڑھانے کے اقدامات کیے جانے چاہئیں۔

2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

237📚🎭 Classical Dances & Theatre of IndiaTemple Performing Arts of Kerala

Consider the following statements:
1. Chakiarkoothu dance's theater form is known as Koothambalam.
2. Mizhavu is the accompanying instrument.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Chakyar Koothu is a traditional performing temple art form of Kerala staged inside specialized temple theatres called Koothambalams (Statement 1 is correct), accompanied rhythmically by the large copper drum called Mizhavu (Statement 2 is correct). Both 1 and 2 are correct.

چکیار کوتھو رقص کے دونوں بیانات (کوتمبلم تھیٹر اور مزھاوو ساز) بالکل درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

238📚🔬 General Science & HealthParasitology: Malaria & WHO Vaccines

Consider the following statements:
1. Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne blood disease caused by Protozoa.
2. Malaria spreads through infected female Anopheles mosquito bites.
3. The R21/Matrix-M vaccine became the second malaria vaccine to achieve WHO prequalification.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All three statements are correct: Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium parasites (1), transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes (2), and the Oxford-developed R21/Matrix-M vaccine received WHO prequalification in 2023 (3).

ملیریا کے متعلق تینوں بیانات (1، 2 اور 3) درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

239📚🌱 Environmental Conventions & TreatiesInternational Environmental Agreements

Arrange the following in chronological order:
1. Kyoto Protocol
2. Montreal Protocol
3. Vienna Convention
4. Basel Convention
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Chronology of international environmental treaties: 1. Vienna Convention for Protection of Ozone Layer (1985, 3) → 2. Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances (1987, 2) → 3. Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes (1989, 4) → 4. Kyoto Protocol on Greenhouse Gases (1997, 1)

\implies 3, 2, 4, 1

.

ماحولیاتی معاہدوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: ویانا کنونشن (1985) → مانٹریال پروٹوکول (1987) → باسل کنونشن (1989) → کیوٹو پروٹوکول (1997) یعنی 3, 2, 4, 1۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

240📚👥 Tribes of North-East IndiaEthnic Demographics of North-East India

Consider the following statements:
1. Thadou is a group of people inhabiting Assam.
2. Boro (Bodo) is a group of people inhabiting Manipur.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements have locations reversed: Thadou people are indigenous to Manipur (and parts of Mizoram/Assam hills), whereas the Boro (Bodo) people are indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Hence, Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.

تھادو قبیلہ بنیادی طور پر منی پور میں اور بوڈو قبیلہ آسام میں آباد ہے، لہذا دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Neither 1 nor 2)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

241📚🗺️ Rivers & Heritage of J&KHoly Rivers of Jammu: Devika River

Consider the following statements:
1. Devika river originates in Himachal Pradesh.
2. It holds religious significance as it is revered as the sister of river Ganga.
3. It flows towards western Punjab where it merges with the Ravi River.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is false: The holy Devika River originates at Sudh Mahadev in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir (not HP). Statements 2 and 3 are historically and geographically correct (revered in Nilamata Purana as the elder sister of Ganga and merges into the Ravi system). Thus, 2 and 3 only are correct.

دیویکا ندی اودھمپور (جموں و کشمیر) سے نکلتی ہے (نہ کہ ایچ پی سے) اور اسے گنگا کی بہن مانا جاتا ہے، لہذا صرف بیانات 2 اور 3 درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

242📚🌿 Forestry & Wetlands of IndiaSundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem

Consider the following statements:
1. The Sundarbans are mangrove forest, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal.
2. The Sundarban National Park is listed under the World Heritage Marine Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements are correct: The Sundarbans form the world's largest contiguous coastal mangrove forest across the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta (1), and Sundarban National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized under the Marine World Heritage Programme (2).

سندر بن ڈیلٹا اور مینگروو جنگلات کے دونوں بیانات (1 اور 2) بالکل درست ہیں۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

243📚🛡️ Joint Military & Naval ExercisesExercise Sea Dragon

Consider the following statements:
1. Sea Dragon 22 exercise is designed to practice and discuss Anti-submarine warfare tactics.
2. It is a bilateral annual exercise between India and the US.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Exercise Sea Dragon is a premier multinational Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) exercise held at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. Statement 2 is false: It is a multilateral exercise involving six Indo-Pacific nations (US, India, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea), not a bilateral exercise. Thus, 1 only is correct.

سی ڈریگن مشق آبدوز شکن (Anti-submarine) حکمت عملی پر مبنی کثیر ملکی مشق ہے (صرف بیان 1 درست ہے)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

244📚🏛️ International Parliamentary ForumsP20 Parliamentary Forum

Consider the following statements:
1. P20 is a congregation of Presidents of G20 nations.
2. The P20 group was set up during the G20 Presidency of Canada in 2010.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is false: P20 is the Parliamentary Speakers' Summit (congregation of Speakers/Presiding Officers of Parliaments, not heads of state). Statement 2 is true: The P20 was inaugurated in 2010 under Canada's G20 presidency. Thus, 2 only is correct.

P20 پارلیمانی اسپیکروں کی کانفرنس ہے (نہ کہ صدور کی) جس کا آغاز کینیڈا کی صدارت میں 2010 میں ہوا، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

245📚🗺️ Physical Geography of J&KGeographical Coordinates & Mountain Ranges

Consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17' and 35°05' North.
2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect (J&K lies between 32°17' N and 37°05' N latitude, not 28°17'). Statement 2 is correct (the northern and western mountainous terrain is flanked by the Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, and Karakoram). Thus, 2 only is correct.

جموں و کشمیر 32°17' سے 37°05' شمالی عرض البلد کے درمیان واقع ہے، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Revenue Department

246📚📖 Kashmiri Literature & PoetryKashmiri Poets: Mahjoor and Habba Khatoon

Consider the following statements:
1. Mahjoor (Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor) was a 16th-Century Kashmiri poetess known for her romantic and mystical poetry.
2. Habba Khatoon was a prominent 20th Century Kashmiri poet known for his nationalist and romantic poetry of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

Explanation

Both statements have identities and centuries swapped: Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor was a revolutionary 20th-century male poet ('Shair-e-Kashmir'), while Habba Khatoon ('Nightingale of Kashmir') was a 16th-century poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak. Thus, Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct.

دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں کیونکہ مہجور 20ویں صدی کے قومی شاعر تھے اور حبہ خاتون 16ویں صدی کی ملکہ اور شاعرہ تھیں (Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct)۔

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247📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech: Sequence of Tenses

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence:
My father assured me that he will buy a bike for me.

Explanation

Under sequence of tenses in reported speech, when the reporting verb is in the past tense ('assured'), the future auxiliary 'will' changes to past conditional 'would': "...that he would buy a bike for me."

ماضی کے رپورٹنگ ورب 'assured' کے ساتھ 'will' تبدیل ہو کر 'would' ہو جائے گا: "he would buy".

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248📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement Errors

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options:
She taste (a)/ the sauce to (b)/ find out whether (c)/ it is tasteful or not (d).

Explanation

Subject-verb agreement error in Part A: Third-person singular subject 'She' requires singular present verb 'tastes' (or past tense 'tasted'), not bare plural form 'taste'.

حصہ A میں غلطی ہے: واحد فاعل 'She' کے ساتھ 'tastes' یا 'tasted' آنا چاہیے۔

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249📚📖 General EnglishIndirect to Direct Speech

Select the most appropriate option to change the sentence from indirect speech to direct speech:
Surender asked Prashant whether he had watched the cricket match on television the previous night.

Explanation

In indirect-to-direct conversion, past perfect 'had watched' and time adverb 'the previous night' convert back to past simple interrogative 'Did you watch...' and 'last night': Surender said to Prashant, "Did you watch the cricket match on television last night?"

ان ڈائریکٹ سے ڈائریکٹ میں درست صورت: Surender said to Prashant, "Did you watch the cricket match on television last night?"

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250📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Moral Duty & Obligation

Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
All company employees _____ abide by the rules and regulations provided.

Explanation

The modal 'ought to' is used to express moral duty, mandatory workplace obligation, and correctness of conduct: "All company employees ought to abide by the rules..."

اخلاقی اور قانونی پابندی ظاہر کرنے کے لیے موڈل 'ought to' درست ہے۔

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251📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Past Ability

Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
I _____ run a mile in 10 minutes, when I was younger.

Explanation

The modal auxiliary 'could' is used to denote past physical ability or capacity in completed past time: "I could run a mile in 10 minutes, when I was younger."

ماضی کی جسمانی صلاحیت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'could' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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252📚📖 General EnglishArticles: Indefinite and Definite

Fill in the blanks using suitable articles:
_____ recent survey indicates that _____ number of drug addicts is growing day by day.

Explanation

Indefinite singular noun phrase 'A recent survey' introduces a non-specific study, followed by the fixed phrase 'the number of': "A recent survey indicates that the number of drug addicts..."

پہلے خالی جگہ میں 'A' اور دوسرے میں 'the number of' کے اصول سے 'the' آئے گا۔

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253📚📖 General EnglishClauses: Subordinate Clauses

Pick out the subordinate clause in the below sentence:
If you work on Sunday, I will look after the children.

Explanation

'If you work on Sunday' is the dependent conditional adverbial subordinate clause introduced by subordinating conjunction 'If'.

'If you work on Sunday' شرطیہ ماتحت کلاز (Subordinate clause) ہے۔

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254📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion: Vocabulary in Context

Choose the pair of words that will make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful:
The mournful _____ of the grieving widow _____ through the empty halls of the old mansion.

Explanation

Singular noun 'wail' (mournful cry of sorrow) fits with singular verb 'echoed': "The mournful wail of the grieving widow echoed through the empty halls..."

درست اور بامعنی جوڑا 'wail, echoed' ہے۔

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255📚⚖️ Motor Vehicle InsuranceMotor Insurance Policy Terms and Third-Party Liabilities

Consider the following statements regarding motor insurance:
Statement-1: Motor insurance does not provide compensation if the driver does not possess a valid driving licence.
Statement-2: Third-party motor insurance covers a third person who has been injured in an accident involving the vehicle.
Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Both statements are correct insurance principles: Driving without a valid driving licence breaches policy terms and invalidates own-damage claims (Statement 1), and Third-party insurance specifically indemnifies bodily injury/loss to third parties (Statement 2).

انشورنس کے دونوں بیانات (1 اور 2) قانوناً بالکل درست ہیں۔

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256📚📖 General EnglishPhrasal Verbs

Pick the right meaning of the given phrase:
Long for

Explanation

'To long for' is a phrasal verb meaning to have an intense yearning, strong craving, or deep desire for something.

'Long for' کا مطلب شدید خواہش یا آرزو کرنا (Desire) ہے۔

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257📚📖 General EnglishPassive to Active Voice

Choose the correct active voice:
Our task had been completed before sunset.

Explanation

Past perfect passive ('had been completed') shifts back to past perfect active: "We had completed our task before sunset."

پاسٹ پرفیکٹ ایکٹو وائس: "We had completed our task before sunset."

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258📚📖 General EnglishInterrogative Passive Voice

Choose the correct passive voice:
Who asked you to draft the letter?

Explanation

'Who' in interrogative active converts to 'By whom' followed by interrogative auxiliary inversion ('were you asked'): "By whom were you asked to draft this letter?"

سوالیہ جملے کا درست پیسیو: "By whom were you asked to draft this letter?"

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259📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

He will impart no information ________ anyone.

Explanation

The verb 'impart' (to communicate or bestow information) takes the preposition 'to': "impart information to anyone."

لفظ 'impart' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'to' آتی ہے۔

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260📚📖 General EnglishTenses: Present Continuous

The appearance of the city ________ day by day.

Explanation

Gradual ongoing changes taking place in the present ('day by day') require the present continuous tense: "is changing".

بتدریج جاری عمل کے لیے پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس 'is changing' درست ہے۔

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261📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement

Making pies and cakes ________ Mrs. Reddy's specialty.

Explanation

A compound gerund phrase acting as a single culinary subject ('Making pies and cakes') takes the singular linking verb 'is'.

واحد سرگرمی کے طور پر جیرنڈ فریز کے ساتھ فعل 'is' آئے گا۔

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262📚🗺️ Soils of IndiaLaterite Soils Characteristics

Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils of India:
a. Laterite soils of India are generally red in colour.
b. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
c. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
d. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Laterite soils are brick-red due to iron oxides and support plantation crops like Cashew, Tapioca, Tea, and Coffee. Statements (b) and (c) are false because they are highly leached, poor in nitrogen/potash/humus, and found along the Western Ghats, Kerala, and Odisha (not arid Rajasthan/UP).

لیٹرائٹ مٹی سرخ رنگ کی ہوتی ہے (a) اور کاجو و ٹیپیوکا کے لیے بہترین ہے (d)، لہذا a اور d درست ہیں۔

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263📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries

In which sentence is the modal verb used to express necessity/obligation?

Explanation

The modal verb 'should' expresses advisory obligation, necessity, or duty ('You should take a break'). 'Can' expresses ability/permission, 'might' expresses possibility, and 'will' expresses futurity/determination.

'You should take a break' میں موڈل ورب 'should' ضرورت اور نصیحت کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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264📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement and Tenses

I will definitely help John; he ______ it.

Explanation

The subject 'he' is third-person singular and the state of deserving help is a present factual truth, requiring the simple present singular verb 'deserves'.

واحد غائب (He) کے ساتھ سادہ حال کا فعل 'deserves' آئے گا۔

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265📚📖 General EnglishActive to Passive Voice

Convert into passive voice: "Is Sarah writing the novel?"

Explanation

Present continuous interrogative active (Is + Subject +

V\text{-ing}

+ Object?) converts to: Is + Object + being +

V_3

+ by Subject?

\implies

"Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

پریذنٹ کنٹینیوس کا سوالیہ پیسیو: "Is the novel being written by Sarah?"

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266📚👥 Sociological ThinkersGeorg Simmel and Formal Sociology

Which German sociologist's social theory focused on forms of social interaction and has been termed 'Formal Sociology'?

Explanation

Georg Simmel is the founder of 'Formal Sociology' (Formale Soziologie), which isolates and analyzes the pure forms and patterns of human association (sociability, conflict, superordination) distinct from their content.

جرمن ماہر عمرانیات جارج سیمل (Georg Simmel) کو فارمل سوشیالوجی کا بانی کہا جاتا ہے۔

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267📚🧠 Clinical PsychologyPanic Disorder Criteria

Which psychological disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by persistent apprehension and worry about experiencing further attacks?

Explanation

Panic Disorder is characterized by sudden surges of intense fear/discomfort (panic attacks) accompanied by persistent anticipatory anxiety about having additional attacks.

اچانک خوف کے دورے پڑنا اور مزید دوروں کا مستقل دھڑکا رہنا پینک ڈس آرڈر (Panic disorder) کہلاتا ہے۔

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268📚📖 General EnglishSpotting Errors: Verb Tenses

Find out the error part in the sentence:
"His perspicacious (a) / observations would have revealed (b) / insights that had (c) / previously gone unnoticed (d)."

Explanation

Part (b) contains the error: In a simple declarative factual statement about past capability or outcome, "revealed" or "had revealed" should be used instead of the conditional perfect "would have revealed".

حصہ (b) میں غیر ضروری کنڈیشنل پرفیکٹ کی بجائے سادہ فعل 'revealed' یا 'had revealed' ہونا چاہیے تھا۔

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269📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Convert into indirect speech: He said, "I am going to the market now."

Explanation

Present continuous ('am going') shifts to past continuous ('was going'), 'I' changes to 'he', and 'now' changes to 'then': "He said that he was going to the market then."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'am going' → 'was going' اور 'now' → 'then' بنتا ہے۔

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270📚📖 General EnglishClauses: Independent vs Dependent

In the sentence: "It was my sister's birthday yesterday; however, she did not want to celebrate.", the independent clause is

Explanation

Both clauses ("It was my sister's birthday yesterday" and "she did not want to celebrate") can stand alone as complete, grammatically valid sentences, connected by a conjunctive adverb ('however') and semicolon. Hence, Both A and B are independent clauses.

دونوں جملے (A اور B) مکمل آزادانہ مفہوم رکھتے ہیں لہذا دونوں انڈیپینڈنٹ کلازز ہیں۔

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271📚🦅 Flora and Fauna of J&KState Symbols: UT Bird of J&K

Which bird has been officially designated as the Union Territory Bird of Jammu and Kashmir?

Explanation

The Government of Jammu and Kashmir officially declared the Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) as the UT Bird of J&K in October 2021. (The Black-necked crane is the UT bird of Ladakh).

کالج فیزنٹ (Kalij pheasant) کو یونین ٹیریٹری جموں و کشمیر کا ریاستی پرندہ نامزد کیا گیا ہے۔

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272📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the correct passive voice: "The writer who passed away recently has authored a dozen novels and a number of poetry collections."

Explanation

Present perfect active ('has authored') with compound plural object ('A dozen novels and a number of poetry collections') converts to 'have been authored': "A dozen novels and a number of poetry collections have been authored by the writer who passed away recently."

جمع مفعول کے ساتھ درست پیسیو وائس 'have been authored' ہے۔

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273📚📖 General EnglishActive and Passive Voice

Select the correct passive voice: "The members of the parliament elect their group leader either by consensus or by voice vote."

Explanation

Simple present active ('elect') with singular object ('The group leader') converts to 'is elected': "The group leader is elected by the members of the parliament either by consensus or by voice vote."

سادہ حال کا درست پیسیو وائس 'is elected' ہے۔

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274📚📖 General EnglishDouble Fillers & Sentence Completion

Fill in the blanks: "The different moods of the subjects had a direct _______ not only on what was observed but, even more _______ on the meaning of what was perceived."

Explanation

"had a direct effect" provides the appropriate noun following the adjective 'direct', and "even more strongly" provides the comparative adverb modifying the verb perceived.

درست الفاظ: 'effect' اور 'strongly' ہیں۔

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275📚💻 Operating SystemsUnix Operating System Architecture & History

Consider the following statements regarding the Unix Operating System:
I. Unix is a multitasking, multi-user operating system.
II. The Unix operating system was rewritten and coded in the C programming language by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements are correct: Unix (developed at Bell Labs in 1969–1972) is a true multitasking, multi-user OS, and was famously re-implemented in the C language in 1973 to ensure cross-platform portability.

یونکس کے بارے میں دونوں بیانات (I اور II) بالکل درست ہیں (Both I and II)۔

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276📚📖 General EnglishCommon Errors: Irregular Verbs

Find out the error part: "The criminal was sentenced to the death and was hung for his crime."

Explanation

For capital punishment by hanging, the correct past participle of hang is 'hanged', not 'hung' ("was hanged for his crime").

پھانسی کی سزا کے لیے 'hung' کی جگہ 'hanged' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

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277📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions

Fill in the blank: "The officials have the habit of fawning ______ ministers."

Explanation

The standard preposition with the verb 'fawn' (to display exaggerated flattery or affection) is 'on' or 'upon'.

لفظ 'fawning' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'upon' یا 'on' آتی ہے۔

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278📚📖 General EnglishVerbs: Lay vs Lie

Choose the suitable verb form: "The poor woman ______ the kettle on the fire and went outside."

Explanation

'Laid' is the transitive past tense of 'lay' (to place something down). "She laid the kettle on the fire."

کسی چیز کو رکھنے کے لیے فعل 'laid' درست ہے۔

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279📚📖 General EnglishParts of Speech

Identify the part of speech of the bold word: "Jeff longed for a pity party after he lost his job."

Explanation

'Longed' functions as the main finite action/state Verb in the past tense, meaning to have an earnest yearning or desire.

'Longed' جملے میں فعل (Verb) کے طور پر آیا ہے۔

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280📚📖 General EnglishCommon Errors: Comprise vs Consist

Spot the error: "The three storey building comprises of six houses, two parking lots and one basement."

Explanation

The verb 'comprises' means 'consists of' and must never be followed by the preposition 'of' in active voice. It should read "comprises six houses".

'Comprises' کے ساتھ 'of' نہیں لگایا جاتا، لہذا حصہ A میں غلطی ہے۔

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281📚📖 General EnglishNegative Raising & Idiomatic Syntax

Which of the following sentences is grammatically most idiomatic and correct?

Explanation

In English negative transferred supposition, the negation is standardly transferred to the main matrix verb: "I don't suppose she can pass."

منفی مفروضے کے لیے درست ترین جملہ: "I don't suppose she can pass." ہے۔

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282📚📖 General EnglishSpelling Errors in Context

Find the wrongly spelt word in the sentence: "The emission of smoke and toxic chemicals has been raising the level of sulfur dioxde in the atmosphere"

Explanation

'dioxde' is misspelled; the correct chemical spelling is dioxide (sulfur dioxide).

'dioxde' غلط ہجے ہے، درست لفظ 'dioxide' ہے۔

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283📚📖 General EnglishSentence Structure & Word Order

Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

Explanation

Option C correctly places the modal auxiliary, transitive verb, adverb of manner, and prepositional phrase: "The receptionist should answer courteously the questions of all the callers."

گرائمر کے لحاظ سے مکمل درست جملہ آپشن C ہے۔

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284📚📖 General EnglishCorrect Sentence Selection

Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

Explanation

Option A is grammatically flawless with correct plural agreement ('villagers were') and appropriate definite articles: "The villagers were enjoying the winter evening around the fire."

درست ترین جملہ آپشن A ہے۔

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285📚🌍 International Days & ThemesWorld Pulses Day 2023 Theme

What was the official theme of 'World Pulses Day' 2023 celebrated on February 10?

Explanation

The United Nations FAO designated 'Pulses for a Sustainable Future' as the theme for World Pulses Day 2023 to highlight the role of pulses in soil biodiversity and food security.

ورلڈ پلسز ڈے 2023 کا تھیم 'Pulses for a Sustainable Future' تھا۔

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286📚🛣️ Strategic Infrastructure in J&K/LadakhBRO Project HIMANK

Consider the following statements regarding 'Project HIMANK':
1. It is a landmark infrastructure project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
2. It is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and strategic mountain passes in the Ladakh region.
Which of the statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements are correct: Project HIMANK (established in 1985 by BRO, known as 'The Mountain Tamers') builds and maintains strategic road networks, including passes at Khardung La and Umling La in Ladakh.

پروجیکٹ ہیمانک کے بارے میں دونوں بیانات (Both 1 and 2) بالکل درست ہیں۔

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287📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech

Convert to indirect speech: He said, 'What are you doing?'

Explanation

The reporting verb 'said' changes to 'asked me', the question word 'what' acts as the conjunction, and the present continuous ('are you doing') shifts to past continuous ('I was doing'): "He asked me what I was doing."

ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ کا درست جملہ: "He asked me what I was doing." ہے۔

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288📚📖 General EnglishSynonyms

Select the correct synonym for the word: Reverberate

Explanation

'Reverberate' means to echo, ring, or be repeated several times as an echo or reflection of sound/energy.

'Reverberate' کا ہم معنی لفظ گونجنا یا منعکس ہونا (Reflect/Echo) ہے۔

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289📚📖 General EnglishSentence Correction: Past Perfect Passive

Select the correct substitute for the underlined segment: "The house has auctioned before we reached there."

Explanation

The action in the main clause occurred before another past event ('before we reached there') and is in the passive voice, requiring the past perfect passive: "had been auctioned".

ماضی میں پہلے مکمل ہونے والے کام کے لیے پیسیو 'Had been auctioned' درست ہے۔

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290📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries & Base Verbs

Find out the error part: "No struggle can ever succeeded (a) / without women participating (b) / side by side with men (c) / No error (d)."

Explanation

Modal auxiliary verbs like 'can' must always be followed by the base bare infinitive form of the verb (

V_1

), not the past participle (

V_3

). It must read "can ever succeed".

موڈل 'can' کے ساتھ فعل کی پہلی حالت آتی ہے، اس لیے 'succeeded' غلط ہے (succeed ہونا چاہیے)۔

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291📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries & Conditionals

Fill in the blanks using suitable modal verbs:
"We ______ be honest under all circumstances. If we work hard, we ______ pass."

Explanation

'Must' conveys strong categorical moral obligation ("must be honest"), and 'will' completes the standard first conditional construction with real future consequence ("if we work hard, we will pass").

درست موڈل وربز 'must' اور 'will' ہیں۔

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292📚📖 General EnglishClauses & Analysis

Pick out the subordinate clause in the sentence: "I do not know whether he will come tomorrow."

Explanation

"Whether he will come tomorrow" is a subordinate noun clause functioning as the direct object of the transitive verb 'know'.

ماتحت کلاز (Subordinate clause) "Whether he will come tomorrow" ہے۔

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293📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms

Select the antonym of the word vehement in: "The bill received a vehement resistance from the opposition party."

Explanation

'Vehement' means showing intense, passionate, or forceful feeling. Its antonym is 'Apathetic' (showing lack of interest, indifference, or unconcern).

'Vehement' (شدید/پرجوش) کا متضاد لفظ 'Apathetic' (بے حس/لاپرواہ) ہے۔

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294📚📖 General EnglishNoun Errors: Uncountable Nouns

Spot the error: "She gave me (a) / two important pieces of informations (b) / I had been waiting for (c) / the last two months (d)."

Explanation

'Information' is an uncountable mass noun that has no plural form 'informations'. The plural is expressed using 'pieces of information'.

'Information' غیر معدود اسم ہے، اس لیے 'informations' غلط ہے (pieces of information ہونا چاہیے)۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

295📚📖 General EnglishCorrect Sentence Structure

Out of the four options, select the grammatically correct sentence:

Explanation

Option C is concise, logical, and grammatically sound without redundant or double-negative adverbs: "You cannot win my confidence without believing me."

گرائمر کے لحاظ سے بالکل درست جملہ آپشن C ہے۔

2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Animal / Sheep Husbandry Department

296📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTNational Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of J&K

Which of the following national parks are located in Jammu and Kashmir?
I. Dachigam National Park
II. Kaziranga National Park
III. Kishtwar High Altitude National Park

Which of the following options is/are correct?

Explanation

Dachigam National Park (famous for the Hangul/Kashmir Stag) and Kishtwar High Altitude National Park are located in Jammu & Kashmir. Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam.

दाचीगाम राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और किश्तवाड़ राष्ट्रीय उद्यान जम्मू और कश्मीर में स्थित हैं। काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान असम में स्थित है। अतः I और III सही हैं।

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297📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTHistorical Treaties & Political Milestones of J&K

Explanation

1. Treaty of Amritsar (1846) led to the creation of the Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir under Maharaja Gulab Singh (II)
2. Shimla Agreement (1972) established bilateral terms and converted the ceasefire line to the Line of Control (LoC) following the 1971 war (III)
3. Instrument of Accession (1947) formalized the accession of J&K to India (I).
Correct match: 1-II, 2-III, 3-I.

1. अमृतसर की संधि (1846): जम्मू-कश्मीर रियासत की स्थापना (II)
2. शिमला समझौता (1972): 1971 युद्ध के बाद शांति शर्तें (III)
3. विलय पत्र (1947): भारत में विलय (I)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-III, 3-I है।

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298📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyAtmospheric Structure & Insolation

Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): The thickness of the atmosphere is maximum over the equator.
Reason (R): Low insolation and weak convection currents over the equator cause the atmosphere to expand.

Which of the following is the correct answer?

Explanation

Assertion (A) is correct: The troposphere (and overall atmosphere) is thickest at the equator (up to 18 km) compared to poles (8 km). Reason (R) is incorrect because the equator receives high insolation resulting in intense convection currents (not low insolation/weak currents) that push the air upward.

अभिकथन (A) सही है क्योंकि भूमध्य रेखा पर वायुमंडल (विशेषकर क्षोभमंडल) की मोटाई सर्वाधिक होती है। कारण (R) गलत है क्योंकि भूमध्य रेखा पर अत्यधिक सूर्यातप और शक्तिशाली संवहन धाराएँ होती हैं, न कि कमजोर। अतः Assertion सही है और Reason गलत है।

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299📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTMughal Architecture & Gardens of Kashmir

Which of the following is/are famous Mughal gardens in Jammu and Kashmir?
I. Nishat Bagh
II. Shalimar Bagh
III. Achabal Garden

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

Nishat Bagh (built by Asif Khan in 1633), Shalimar Bagh (built by Emperor Jahangir in 1619), and Achabal Garden (laid out by Empress Nur Jahan in Anantnag) are all world-famous Mughal gardens in Kashmir. Hence, I, II, and III are all correct.

निशात बाग, शालीमार बाग और अचबल गार्डन तीनों ही जम्मू और कश्मीर के ऐतिहासिक और विश्व प्रसिद्ध मुगल बाग हैं। अतः I, II और III सही उत्तर है।

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300📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTIndo-Pak Wars & Diplomatic Treaties

The 1965 war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ended with the signing of which agreement?

Explanation

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 ended with the signing of the Tashkent Declaration on January 10, 1966, mediated by Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin between Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and President Ayub Khan.

1965 का भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध 10 जनवरी 1966 को हस्ताक्षरित 'ताशकंद घोषणापत्र' (Tashkent Declaration) के साथ समाप्त हुआ।

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301📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTBorder Roads Organisation & Projects in Ladakh

Consider the following statements about Project HIMANK:
I. It is a project of NHAI
II. It is responsible for the construction of roads in J&K and Ladakh

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement I is incorrect: Project HIMANK (established in 1985) is a landmark project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), not NHAI. Statement II is correct: Project HIMANK is known as 'The Mountain Tamers' and is responsible for constructing world-record high-altitude roads (like Umling La and Khardung La) across Ladakh and J&K. Hence, II only is correct.

कथन I गलत है क्योंकि प्रोजेक्ट हिमांक (Project HIMANK) सीमा सड़क संगठन (BRO) का प्रोजेक्ट है, न कि NHAI का। कथन II सही है क्योंकि यह लद्दाख और जम्मू-कश्मीर में दुर्गम पर्वतीय सड़कों का निर्माण करता है। अतः केवल II सही है।

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302📚General English & ComprehensionDirect and Indirect Speech

Select the alternative that best expresses the same sentence: I said to my sister, "Let us go to some hill station for a change."

Explanation

In indirect speech, sentences starting with 'Let us' convey a proposal or suggestion. The reporting verb changes to 'suggested to / proposed to', followed by 'that we should...'. Hence: 'I suggested to my sister that we should go to some hill station for a change.'

'Let us' वाले प्रस्ताव सूचक वाक्यों को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय 'suggested to... that we should...' का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

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303📚General English & ComprehensionModal Auxiliary Verbs

Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs: Ramesh ______ be coming to see us tomorrow.

Explanation

'May' is used to express future possibility or uncertainty regarding a planned visit: 'Ramesh may be coming to see us tomorrow.'

भविष्य की संभावना (Possibility) को दर्शाने के लिए Modal Verb 'may' का सही प्रयोग होगा।

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304📚General English & ComprehensionModal Auxiliary Verbs

Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs: My grandfather is 86 years old but he ______ still read without his glasses.

Explanation

'Can' expresses present general physical capability/ability: '...he can still read without his glasses.'

वर्तमान काल में शारीरिक योग्यता/क्षमता (Ability) व्यक्त करने के लिए 'can' का उपयोग किया जाता है।

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305📚General English & ComprehensionReading Comprehension

Which of the following best explains the author's statement, "An ounce of patience is worth a pound of brains"?

Explanation

The proverb signifies that even a small amount of practical patience is vastly superior and more beneficial than abundant intellect (brains) if one lacks the emotional endurance to apply it calmly.

लेखक के अनुसार धैर्य बुद्धि से अधिक मूल्यवान है क्योंकि धैर्य के बिना तीव्र बुद्धि का भी सही उपयोग नहीं किया जा सकता।

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306📚General English & ComprehensionError Spotting & Prepositions

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error, to ensure the meaning is clear and relevant. If there is no error, select 'No error': The visitors complained at (A) / the poor accommodation (B) / they were provided with (C) / No error (D)

Explanation

The correct preposition with the verb 'complain' when referring to a grievance or condition is 'about' or 'of', not 'at'. It should read: 'The visitors complained about the poor accommodation...'. Therefore, part (A) contains the error.

'Complain' के साथ 'at' के स्थान पर 'about' या 'of' का प्रयोग होता है। अतः त्रुटि भाग (A) में है।

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307📚General English & ComprehensionDirect and Indirect Speech

Choose the option that best conveys the sentence: She asked, "Where are you going?"

Explanation

In indirect reporting of WH-questions, the interrogative sentence changes into assertive word order (Subject + Verb) and the present continuous ('are you going') shifts to past continuous ('I was going'): 'She asked where I was going.'

Indirect Speech में प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य साधारण वाक्य (Subject + Verb) के क्रम में बदल जाता है: 'She asked where I was going.'

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308📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningVerbal Analogies

Dog : Bark :: Goat : ?

Explanation

The relationship connects an animal with the sound it produces. A dog barks, while a goat bleats.

कुत्ते की आवाज 'Bark' (भौंकना) होती है, उसी प्रकार बकरी की आवाज 'Bleat' (मिमियाना) होती है।

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309📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning & Paper Folding

Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to how the pattern would appear when the transparent sheet (shown in (Z)) is folded at the dotted line.

Explanation

When the transparent sheet is folded along the central vertical dotted line, the symmetrical geometric lines on the left overlay directly with the right quadrant to form Figure I.

पारदर्शी शीट को बिंदीदार रेखा पर मोड़ने पर दोनों ओर के रेखाचित्र आपस में मिलकर चित्र I का निर्माण करते हैं।

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310📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning

Determine which of the four alternatives illustrates the pattern formed when the transparent sheet (as shown in (Z)) is folded along the dotted line.

Explanation

Folding the transparent sheet along the vertical center axis superimposes the outer triangular vertex onto the right circular arc, yielding Figure II.

शीट को बीच की बिंदीदार रेखा पर मोड़ने पर ज्यामितीय आकृतियाँ एक दूसरे के ऊपर आकर चित्र II बनाती हैं।

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311📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsGeometry & Circles

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
II. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Choose the correct Statement:

Explanation

Both are fundamental theorems of circle geometry (Class 10 NCERT / CBSE):
- Theorem 10.1: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
- Theorem 10.2: The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Thus, Both I and II are correct.

कथन I और II दोनों वृत्त ज्यामिति के आधारभूत प्रमेय हैं: (I) स्पर्श रेखा स्पर्श बिंदु पर त्रिज्या पर लंब होती है, और (II) बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखाओं की लंबाइयाँ बराबर होती हैं। अतः दोनों I और II सही हैं।

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312📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsComputer Memory (SRAM vs DRAM)

Consider the following statements:
I. SRAM requires periodic refresh to re-write data into memory
II. SRAM is used in the processor as fast cache memory

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement I is incorrect: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) requires periodic electrical refresh cycles, whereas Static RAM (SRAM) does not need refreshing as long as power is supplied. Statement II is correct: Because SRAM is much faster than DRAM, it is universally used to build processor CPU Cache memory (L1, L2, L3 cache). Hence, II only is correct.

कथन I गलत है क्योंकि समय-समय पर रीफ्रेश की आवश्यकता DRAM को होती है, SRAM को नहीं। कथन II सही है क्योंकि SRAM बहुत तेज़ होती है और इसका उपयोग CPU कैश मेमोरी (Cache) के रूप में किया जाता है। अतः केवल II सही है।

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313📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsDigital India & E-Governance

Consider the following statements:
The vision of Digital India launched by the Government of India is centred on:
I. Creating transportation infrastructure in states
II. Digital Empowerment of Every Citizen

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

The three core vision areas of the Digital India programme are: (1) Digital Infrastructure as a Core Utility to Every Citizen, (2) Governance and Services on Demand, and (3) Digital Empowerment of Citizens. Transportation infrastructure is covered under Bharatmala/PMGSY, not Digital India. Hence, II only is correct.

डिजिटल इंडिया कार्यक्रम के तीन प्रमुख स्तंभ हैं: डिजिटल इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर, ई-गवर्नेंस और नागरिकों का डिजिटल सशक्तिकरण (Digital Empowerment of Every Citizen)। अतः केवल II सही है।

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314📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCPU Architecture (ALU, CU, Registers)

Consider the following statements:
I. The control unit of the CPU is used to process and store data.
II. The CPU's ALU can perform both arithmetic and logical operations.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statement I is incorrect: The Control Unit (CU) directs the operations of the processor and manages instruction execution; data is stored in registers and memory. Statement II is correct: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs all arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction) and logical comparisons (AND, OR, NOT). Hence, II only is correct.

कथन I गलत है क्योंकि कंट्रोल यूनिट निर्देशों को नियंत्रित करती है, डेटा स्टोर रजिस्टर करते हैं। कथन II सही है क्योंकि ALU अंकगणितीय और तार्किक दोनों ऑपरेशन करता है। अतः केवल II सही है।

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315📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCyber Security & Virtualization

Explanation

1. Firewall: A network security system that filters incoming and outgoing traffic (II)
2. Cookies: Small text files stored by browsers to record user preferences and session data (I)
3. Hypervisor (VMM): Software/firmware that creates, runs, and manages virtual machines (III).
Correct matching code is 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.

1. फ़ायरवॉल: इनकमिंग और आउटगोइंग डेटा को फ़िल्टर करता है (II)
2. कुकीज़: उपयोगकर्ता प्राथमिकताओं और सत्र को सहेजती हैं (I)
3. हाइपरवाइजर: वर्चुअल मशीनों को प्रबंधित करता है (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।

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316📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningVerbal Analogies

Which of the following pairs is most similar to the relationship "Plant: Photosynthesis"?

Explanation

A plant carries out the physiological process of photosynthesis. Similarly, the stomach carries out the digestive process of digestion.

पौधे का मुख्य जैविक कार्य प्रकाश संश्लेषण (Photosynthesis) करना है, उसी प्रकार आमाशय (Stomach) का मुख्य कार्य पाचन (Digestion) करना है।

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317📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningVerbal Analogies

Which of the following completes the analogy "Oarsman: Rower :: Musician: ?"

Explanation

An oarsman is synonymous with a rower who performs the physical action of rowing. Similarly, a musician is synonymous with an instrumentalist who plays an instrument.

नाविक (Oarsman) को Rower भी कहते हैं, उसी प्रकार संगीतकार/वादक (Musician) को Instrumentalist कहा जाता है।

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318📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning & Pattern Completion

Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to which one completes the given pattern:

Pattern Completion Figure

Explanation

Looking at the symmetry and intersecting line reflections across all four quadrants, figure 4 provides the exact line continuity required to complete the bottom-right quadrant.

चारों चतुर्थांशों की सममिति और रेखाओं के मिलान के आधार पर आकृति 4 नीचे के दायें भाग को पूर्ण करती है।

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319📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningNon-Verbal Reasoning

Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to which one completes the given shape pattern:

Shape Matrix Figure

Explanation

Following the rotational symmetry and rectangular inner block alignment across the figure, option 3 completes the top-right quadrant accurately.

घूर्णन सममिति और आंतरिक आयताकार संरचना के आधार पर विकल्प 3 ऊपर-दायें भाग को सही रूप से पूर्ण करता है।

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320📚General English & ComprehensionSynonyms & Antonyms

Select the synonym of the word EUPHORIA

Explanation

'Euphoria' is a state of intense happiness, bliss, and excitement. Its direct synonym is 'Ecstasy'.

'Euphoria' का अर्थ अत्यधिक आनंद या उत्साह होता है। इसका समानार्थी 'Ecstasy' (परमानंद) है।

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321📚General English & ComprehensionTenses & Sequence of Tenses

Fill in the blank with a suitable verb in the below sentence.
By the time he arrived, the train _____ already.

Explanation

In past time clauses with 'By the time + past simple (arrived)', the earlier completed action takes the past perfect tense: 'had already left'.

'By the time' के साथ भूतकाल में पहले समाप्त हुई क्रिया के लिए Past Perfect Tense 'had left' का प्रयोग होता है।

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322📚General English & ComprehensionSubject-Verb Agreement & Tenses

Fill in the blank with a suitable verb in the below sentence.
The chef _____ the ingredients carefully before cooking the dish.

Explanation

Expressing a habitual professional routine or general fact in culinary practice uses the simple present tense: 'The chef prepares the ingredients carefully...'.

सामान्य नियम और आदत व्यक्त करने के लिए Simple Present Tense 'prepares' का उपयोग होगा।

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323📚General English & ComprehensionSubject-Verb Agreement

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence from the given options: Neither the teacher (a) / nor the students (b) / was happy with (c) / the final results (d).

Explanation

When subjects are joined by 'neither... nor', the verb must agree with the nearer subject ('the students', which is plural). It must be 'were happy with', not 'was happy with'. Error is in part (c).

'Neither... nor' में क्रिया निकटतम कर्ता ('the students' - बहुवचन) के अनुसार आती है, अतः 'was' के स्थान पर 'were' होगा। त्रुटि भाग (c) में है।

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324📚General English & ComprehensionError Spotting & Tenses

In this question, the sentence is broken into four parts. Find out the error part in the sentence: She (a) / did not accept (b) / the invitation because (c) / she has a prior engagement (d).

Explanation

In part (d), to maintain the sequence of past tense established by 'did not accept', the subordinate clause must use past tense: 'she had a prior engagement' instead of 'has'.

भूतकाल के अनुक्रम (Sequence of Tenses) के अनुसार 'she has' के स्थान पर 'she had' होना चाहिए। त्रुटि भाग (d) में है।

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325📚General English & ComprehensionSubject-Verb Agreement

Which of the following sentences uses correct subject-verb agreement?

Explanation

Option A correctly pairs the plural subject 'inventions' with the plural verb 'have shaped'. (In B, 'contributions... are'; in C, 'inventions have'; in D, 'impact... is').

विकल्प A में बहुवचन कर्ता 'inventions' के साथ सही बहुवचन क्रिया 'have shaped' का प्रयोग किया गया है।

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326📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners

Select the sentence where the determiner is used correctly.

Explanation

Option C correctly pairs 'several' with the plural countable noun 'opportunities'. (In A, 'many dogs'; in B & D, 'advice' and 'information' are uncountable and do not take 'a').

विकल्प C में 'several' के साथ बहुवचन संज्ञा 'opportunities' का सही प्रयोग हुआ है। 'advice' और 'information' अगणनीय हैं।

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327📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners

Select the sentence where the determiner is NOT used correctly.

Explanation

'Information' is an uncountable noun and cannot be preceded by the singular indefinite article 'A'. One must say 'Information' or 'A piece of information'. Hence, Option D is incorrect.

'Information' एक Uncountable Noun है, इसलिए इसके पहले 'A' का प्रयोग गलत है। अतः विकल्प D में निर्धारक गलत है।

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328📚General English & ComprehensionSentence Improvement & Collective Nouns

Choose the correct alternative to improve the bold part: The jury was unanimous in their verdict after hours of deliberation.

Explanation

When a collective noun like 'jury' acts as a single unified body (indicated by 'unanimous'), it takes a singular verb and singular neuter pronoun: 'was unanimous in its verdict'.

जब 'jury' सर्वसम्मत होकर एक इकाई के रूप में निर्णय देती है, तो इसके साथ एकवचन सर्वनाम 'its' आता है: 'was unanimous in its verdict'।

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329📚General English & ComprehensionError Spotting & Distributive Pronouns

In this question, find out the error part: Each one of the students (a) / are responsible (b) / for completing the assignments (c) / on time. (d)

Explanation

'Each one' is a distributive singular subject that requires the singular verb 'is responsible', not plural 'are responsible'. Error is in part (b).

'Each one' एकवचन कर्ता है, इसलिए इसके साथ एकवचन क्रिया 'is responsible' आएगी। त्रुटि भाग (b) में है।

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330📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsNational Sports Awards & Khel Ratna 2024

Which of the following pairs is/are correct regarding the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024 awardees?
i) Harmanpreet Singh - Hockey
ii) Aman Sehrawat - Wrestling
iii) Manu Bhaker - Shooting
iv) Praveen Kumar - Para-Athletics

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

India's highest sporting honor, the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024, was conferred on hockey captain Harmanpreet Singh, double Olympic medalist Manu Bhaker (Shooting), and Paralympic gold medalist Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics).

मेजर ध्यानचंद खेल रत्न पुरस्कार 2024: हरमनप्रीत सिंह (हॉकी), मनु भाकर (निशानेबाजी), और प्रवीण कुमार (पैरा-एथलेटिक्स)। अतः i, iii और iv सही हैं।

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331📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsClassical Dances of India

Which of the following pairs is/are correct regarding the classical dances of various states of India?
i) Kuchipudi - Andhra Pradesh
ii) Kathakali - Odisha
iii) Sattriya - Assam
iv) Bharatanatyam - Tamil Nadu

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

- Kuchipudi is the classical dance of Andhra Pradesh (i - Correct)
- Kathakali is from Kerala, not Odisha (Odisha has Odissi) (ii - Incorrect)
- Sattriya is the classical dance of Assam (iii - Correct)
- Bharatanatyam is the classical dance of Tamil Nadu (iv - Correct).
Therefore, i, iii, and iv are correct.

- कुचिपुड़ी: आंध्र प्रदेश (i - सही)
- कथकली: केरल का है, ओडिशा का नहीं (ii - गलत)
- सत्रिया: असम (iii - सही)
- भरतनाट्यम: तमिलनाडु (iv - सही)।
अतः i, iii और iv सही हैं।

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332📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsFolk Dances of India

Which of the following statements about the folk dance "Tarangmel" is/are correct?
i) Tarangmel is a Goan folk dance that embodies the youthful and exuberant spirit of the region.
ii) The name "Tarangmel" is derived from "Tarang," which means streamers, which are an integral part of the dance.
iii) It is traditionally performed during the Hindu festivals of Dussehra and Holi.
iv) The dance is a colorful spectacle, featuring vibrant costumes, banners, and streamers, creating a rainbow-like display.

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

All four statements are factually accurate regarding Tarangmel, the energetic folk dance of Goa performed by youth holding colorful rainbow streamers (tarang) and banners during Dussehra and Holi celebrations.

तरंगमेल गोवा का प्रसिद्ध लोकनृत्य है, जो दशहरा और होली के दौरान रंग-बिरंगे झंडों और रिबनों के साथ किया जाता है। सभी चार कथन (i, ii, iii और iv) सही हैं।

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333📚Geography of India & Physical GeographySoils of India & Agriculture

Which of the following statements about Laterite Soil is NOT correct?

Explanation

Statement C is incorrect: Laterite soil develops in regions with high temperature and heavy seasonal rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods, causing intense leaching (not low rainfall).

कथन C गलत है क्योंकि लैटेराइट मिट्टी का निर्माण उच्च तापमान और भारी वर्षा (तीव्र निक्षालन/leaching) वाले क्षेत्रों में होता है, न कि कम वर्षा वाले क्षेत्रों में।

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334📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Light Optics & Atmospheric Phenomena

Which of the following phenomena is/are responsible for the formation of the rainbow?
i) Dispersion
ii) Reflection
iii) Refraction
iv) Diffraction

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

A rainbow is produced by dispersion of sunlight by raindrops involving three optical processes: refraction of light as it enters the drop, total internal reflection inside the drop, and refraction as it exits the raindrop.

इंद्रधनुष का निर्माण वर्षा की बूंदों द्वारा प्रकाश के अपवर्तन (Refraction), वर्ण-विक्षेपण (Dispersion), और पूर्ण आंतरिक परावर्तन (Internal Reflection) के संयोजन से होता है। अतः केवल i, ii और iii सही हैं।

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335📚Statistics & DemographyStatistical Tests Matching

Match the following tests:
i. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test — 3. Test of normality
ii. Chi-square test — 2. Goodness of fit test
iii. Wilcoxon signed rank test — 4. Alternative to dependent Samples t-test
iv. Spearman's rho — 1. Correlation for Rank data

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Matching code: i-3 (Normality test), ii-2 (Goodness of fit), iii-4 (Paired t-test alternative), iv-1 (Rank correlation).

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-2, iii-4, iv-1।

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336📚Statistics & DemographyParametric vs Non-Parametric Tests

Explanation

i) Independent t-test -> Median Test (2); ii) One-way ANOVA -> Kruskal-Wallis (4); iii) Paired t-test -> Sign Test / Wilcoxon (1); iv) Pearson -> Kendall's Tau (5).

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-5।

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337📚Statistics & DemographyStatistical Tests

Match the following tests:
i. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test — 3. Test of normality
ii. Chi-square test — 2. Goodness of fit test
iii. Wilcoxon signed rank test — 4. Alternative to dependent Samples t-test
iv. Spearman's rho — 1. Correlation for Rank data

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Matching: i-3 (Normality test), ii-2 (Goodness of fit), iii-4 (Paired t-test alternative), iv-1 (Rank correlation).

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-2, iii-4, iv-1।

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338📚Statistics & DemographyResearch Designs & Control

Explanation

Matching: i-5 (Post-test only provides weak control), ii-4 (Covariate gives statistical control), iii-2 (Repeated measures controls individual differences), iv-1 (Factorial design adds a second IV).

सही मिलान: i-5, ii-4, iii-2, iv-1।

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339📚Statistics & DemographySampling Techniques

Explanation

Matching: i-2 (Requires complete sampling frame), ii-1 (Probability sampling of natural groups), iii-4 (Non-probability group sampling), iv-5 (Chain-referral sampling).

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-5।

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340📚Statistics & DemographyScales of Measurement

Explanation

Matching: i-4 (Ratio has absolute zero), ii-1 (Nominal uses numbers as category labels), iii-3 (Interval scale has arbitrary zero), iv-2 (Ordinal has ranked unequal intervals).

सही मिलान: i-4, ii-1, iii-3, iv-2।

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341📚Statistics & DemographyRegression Diagnostics

Explanation

Matching: Multicollinearity is correlation among independent predictors (3), and Heteroscedasticity is non-constant error variance (1).

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-1।

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342📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPhenomenology of Hallucinations

Explanation

Matching: Form is the modality (Auditory - 3); Content is the message (Voice statement - 4); Primary is intrinsic (Schizophrenia - 2); Secondary is organic/toxic (Substance - 1).

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-4, iii-2, iv-1।

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343📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersDelusional Phenomenology

Explanation

Matching: Persecutory (being followed - 3), Grandeur (PM takes advice - 4), Jealousy (unfaithful spouse - 2), Erotomania (celebrity in love - 1).

सही मिलान: i-3, ii-4, iii-2, iv-1।

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344📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersClassification of Hallucinations

Match the Classification of Hallucination with its Dimension:
i. Olfactory — 4. According to sensory modality
ii. Third-person — 5. According to special features
iii. Autoscopic hallucinations — 2. Special perceptual forms
iv. Elementary — 1. According to Complexity

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation

Matching: Olfactory is sensory modality (4), Elementary is complexity level (1), and Autoscopic is a special feature hallucination.

सही मिलान: i-4, ii-5, iii-2, iv-1।

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345📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersAdaptive Functioning Criteria

Explanation

Matching: Severe requires daily support (4), Profound requires 24h care (3), Mild needs minimal support (5), Moderate achieves independent living with moderate support (1).

सही मिलान: i-4, ii-3, iii-5, iv-1।

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346📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersIllness Anxiety Disorder

According to DSM 5 TR, Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness without somatic symptoms or only mild in intensity, and high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors and the preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months is called as

Explanation

Illness Anxiety Disorder is defined by intense health anxiety with minimal or absent somatic symptoms lasting at least 6 months.

बिना शारीरिक लक्षणों के गंभीर बीमारी होने की सतत चिंता को 'इल्नेस एंग्जायटी डिसऑर्डर' कहा जाता है।

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347📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersDisruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally/ behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation is sign of

Explanation

Severe recurrent temper outbursts disproportionate to provocation in children/adolescents defines Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD).

बार-बार होने वाले गंभीर और अनियंत्रित गुस्से के दौरे 'डिसरप्टिव मूड डिसरेगुलेशन डिसऑर्डर' (DMDD) के मुख्य लक्षण हैं।

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348📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPersonality Disorders

Explanation

Matching: Schizoid (detachment - 2), Schizotypal (odd beliefs - 3), Antisocial (impulsivity - 4), Paranoid (distrust - 1).

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1।

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349📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersWAIS-IV Index Structure

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) includes which of the following subscales?
1. Verbal Comprehension Index
2. Working Memory Index
3. Auditory Processing Index
4. Processing Speed Index

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

WAIS-IV indexes include VCI (1), WMI (2), and PSI (4) alongside PRI. Auditory processing index is not a WAIS index. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

WAIS-IV में VCI (1), WMI (2) और PSI (4) शामिल हैं। अतः केवल 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।

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350📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersFive-Factor Model (Neuroticism & BPD)

The Five-Factor model personality dimension of neuroticism is associated with

Explanation

High Neuroticism (affective instability, emotional reactivity, intense anxiety, depression) is the core personality trait underlying Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

उच्च तंत्रिका-ताप (High Neuroticism / भावनात्मक अस्थिरता) मुख्य रूप से बॉर्डरलाइन पर्सनालिटी डिसऑर्डर (BPD) से संबंधित है।

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351📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Functional Neuroimaging (fMRI)

Which of the following statements about fMRI is/are correct?
1. It measures neuronal activity directly through electrical signals.
2. It relies on the Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal.
3. fMRI provides high spatial resolution compared to EEG

Choose the correct statements:

Explanation

fMRI measures hemodynamic changes using the Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) contrast (2 - True) and offers millimetric high spatial resolution superior to EEG (3 - True). Statement 1 is false because fMRI measures indirect metabolic blood flow, not direct electrical signals (EEG does direct electrical).

fMRI रक्त ऑक्सीजन स्तर (BOLD सिग्नल) पर निर्भर करता है (2) और EEG की तुलना में उच्च स्थानिक रिज़ॉल्यूशन प्रदान करता है (3)। कथन 1 असत्य है। अतः केवल 2 और 3 सही हैं।

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352📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Neuroimaging Modalities

Explanation

Matching: i) fMRI = BOLD oxygen tracking (2); ii) EEG = electrical potentials (3); iii) MEG = magnetic fields (1); iv) PET = radiotracers for glucose metabolism (4). Code: i-2, ii-3, iii-1, iv-4.

सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-1, iv-4।

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353📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersMultimodal Pain Management (The 4 Ps)

Choose the correct full form of the Four P's of pain management.

Explanation

The interdisciplinary biopsychosocial 4P model of comprehensive pain management comprises: Physical, Psychological, Pharmacological, and Procedural interventions.

दर्द प्रबंधन के '4 Ps': Physical (शारीरिक), Psychological (मनोवैज्ञानिक), Pharmacological (औषधीय), और Procedural (प्रक्रियात्मक)।

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354📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPsychotherapy Pioneers & Modalities

Explanation

i) Donald Meichenbaum = Cognitive Behaviour Modification (3); ii) Marian Chace = Dance/Movement Therapy pioneer (1); iii) Michael White and David Epston = Narrative Therapy (2); iv) Albert Ellis = Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (4). Code: i-3; ii-1; iii-2; iv-4.

i) डॉनल्ड मीकेनबाम: CBM (3)
ii) मारियान चेस: डांस/मूवमेंट थेरेपी (1)
iii) माइकल व्हाइट और डेविड एपस्टन: नैरेटिव थेरेपी (2)
iv) अल्बर्ट एलिस: REBT (4)। सही विकल्प A है।

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355📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Attention Batteries (d2 & SDMT)

Select neuropsychological tests that were developed to measure attention from the codes given below:
1. WISC
2. WMS
3. d2 Test
4. SDMT
5. COWA

Choose the correct option:

Explanation

The d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT, Smith) are premier standardized neuropsychological tests specifically designed to measure sustained attention, selective attention, and visual scanning speed. (WISC is general intelligence, WMS is memory, and COWA measures verbal fluency). Thus, 3 and 4 only are correct.

d2 टेस्ट ऑफ अटेंशन (3) और सिंबल डिजिट मोडैलिटीज टेस्ट (SDMT - 4) विशेष रूप से ध्यान और एकाग्रता मापने के लिए विकसित तंत्रिका-मनोवैज्ञानिक परीक्षण हैं। अतः 3 और 4 सही हैं।

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356📚General English & ComprehensionTenses

The form of tense used in the below sentence is:
By the time the conference starts, the researchers will have been studying the effects of climate change on biodiversity for the next five years.

Explanation

The construction 'will have been studying' represents the Future Perfect Continuous Tense (will + have + been + present participle), describing an ongoing action extending up to a future point.

'will have been studying' संरचना 'Future Perfect Continuous Tense' को दर्शाती है।

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357📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationEarth Resistance Measurement

When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).

अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।

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358📚Domestic & Industrial Electrical AppliancesHeating Appliances & Joule Heating

Which of the following statements correctly describes the principle of operation of an electric heater?
1. Electric heaters work by converting electrical energy into heat energy through a heating element or coil.
2. Electric heaters operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate heat.
3. Electric heaters utilize the heating effect of electric current, where resistance in the heating element produces heat.
4. Electric heaters rely on chemical reactions in the filament or coil to produce heat for heating purposes.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Electric heaters function via Joule's heating effect of electric current (

H = I^2 R t

), converting electrical energy directly into thermal heat energy across a resistive alloy coil (Statements 1 and 3 are correct).

इलेक्ट्रिक हीटर विद्युत ऊर्जा को ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा में बदलते हैं (1) और विद्युत धारा के तापीय प्रभाव (जूल का नियम

I^2Rt

) पर काम करते हैं (3)। अतः केवल 1 और 3 सही हैं।

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359📚Power Generation & Energy SourcesHydroelectric Power Generation

Consider the following statements about Hydroelectric Power:
1. Hydroelectric power is a secondary source of energy.
2. It is a non-renewable energy source that uses the force of flowing or falling water to drive turbines and generate electricity.
3. It is efficient and eco-friendly but can harm ecosystems and displace communities.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Hydroelectric power generates electricity (a secondary energy carrier) (1 - True) and is clean during operation but has ecological/displacement impacts (3 - True). Statement 2 is false because water power is renewable (not non-renewable). Thus, 1 and 3 are correct.

जलविद्युत ऊर्जा द्वितीयक ऊर्जा स्रोत है (1) और यह पर्यावरण के अनुकूल होने के बावजूद पारिस्थितिकी और समुदायों को प्रभावित कर सकती है (3)। कथन 2 असत्य है क्योंकि यह नवीकरणीय (Renewable) स्रोत है। अतः 1 और 3 सही हैं।

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360📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismProperties of Magnetic Field Lines

Consider the following statements about Magnetic Field Lines in a Bar Magnet:
1. Outside the bar magnet, field lines are directed from the South Pole to the North Pole.
2. The lines form closed continuous curves and can never intersect with each other.
3. The magnetic field is strong where field lines are crowded and vice-versa.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is false because outside a magnet, magnetic field lines emerge from the North pole and enter the South pole (they run South to North only inside the magnet).

कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 1 गलत है क्योंकि चुंबक के बाहर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं उत्तरी ध्रुव (North) से दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South) की ओर जाती हैं।

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361📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismHysteresis Loop & Energy Loss

Consider the following statements about the Hysteresis Loop:
1. A hysteresis loop is generated by measuring the magnetic flux emitted from a ferromagnetic material as the external magnetic field applied to it is varied.
2. The hysteresis loop shows the relationship between the magnetic flux density and the magnetizing field strength of a paramagnetic substance.
3. The loss of energy per unit volume of the substance is equal to the area of the hysteresis curve.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is false because hysteresis loops (B-H curves) are exhibited by Ferromagnetic materials, NOT paramagnetic substances.

कथन 1 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि हिस्टैरिसीस लूप लौह-चुंबकीय (Ferromagnetic) पदार्थों का गुण है, अनुचुंबकीय का नहीं। अतः 1 और 3 सही हैं।

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362📚Electromagnetic Induction & AC CircuitsFleming's Left and Right Hand Rules

Consider the following statements about Fleming's rules:
1. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of force in an electric motor when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field.
2. Fleming's Right Hand Rule is used to identify the direction of induced current when a conductor moves within a magnetic field which is essential for understanding generator functions.
3. Both of Fleming's rules have practical applications in various electromagnetic devices such as relays, loudspeakers, microphones, galvanometers, and maglev systems.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All three statements are correct: Fleming's Left-Hand Rule applies to Motors (FBI: Force, B-field, Current), Fleming's Right-Hand Rule applies to Generators (Induced Current), and both have broad electromagnetic applications.

तीनों कथन सही हैं: फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम मोटर के लिए (1), दायां हाथ नियम जनरेटर के लिए (2), और दोनों के व्यापक अनुप्रयोग हैं (3)।

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363📚Polyphase AC SystemsAdvantages of 3-Phase Systems

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the advantages of 3-phase system over a single-phase system?
1. In a 3-phase power supply system, less voltage drop occurs from the source to the load points in comparison to a single-phase transmission system.
2. A 3-phase system requires less copper and aluminum for the transmission system in comparison to a single-phase transmission system.
3. A pulsating torque is produced in a 3-phase system, whereas in a single-phase system uniform or constant torque is produced.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

3-phase systems provide reduced line voltage drop (1) and require ~75% conductor copper/aluminum material for the same power delivery compared to single-phase (2). Statement 3 is false because 3-phase machines produce steady constant rotating torque, whereas single-phase machines produce pulsating torque. Thus, 1 and 2 are correct.

3-फेज सिस्टम में वोल्टेज ड्रॉप कम होता है (1) और ट्रांसमिशन हेतु कम तांबे/एल्युमिनियम की आवश्यकता होती है (2)। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि 3-फेज में स्थिर टॉर्क उत्पन्न होता है। अतः 1 और 2 सही हैं।

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364📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Yoke of DC Generator

Which of the following statements about the Yoke of the DC generator is/are correct?
1. The yoke provides a sturdy and protective outer covering for the generator.
2. It provides mechanical support and keeps the poles properly aligned.
3. It carries magnetic flux produced by the poles.
4. It is made of either cast iron or steel.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

All 4 statements are correct: The outer frame (yoke) provides outer mechanical protection (1), supports field poles (2), serves as the return magnetic flux path (3), and is manufactured from cast iron (small machines) or cast/rolled steel (large machines) (4).

सभी चारों कथन सही हैं: योक बाहरी आवरण देता है (1), पोल को सहारा देता है (2), चुंबकीय फ्लक्स ले जाता है (3), और कास्ट आयरन/स्टील का बना होता है (4)।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

365📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)DC vs AC Motors

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the preference of a DC motor over an AC motor?
1. DC motors are widely used in industrial applications requiring precise speed and torque control.
2. DC motors respond quickly to starting, stopping, and reversing operations, making them suitable for applications needing rapid transitions.
3. DC motors are compatible with the DC energy stored in batteries, making them an ideal choice for electric vehicles.
4. DC motor ceiling fans use more energy than a standard AC fan.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because Brushless DC (BLDC) motor ceiling fans consume ~50-65% LESS energy (28W-35W) than standard induction motor AC fans (75W). Thus, 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 3 सत्य हैं। कथन 4 असत्य है क्योंकि BLDC (DC) पंखे पारंपरिक AC पंखों की तुलना में काफी कम बिजली की खपत करते हैं। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

366📚TransformersLosses in Transformers

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding losses in transformers?
1. Iron losses in transformers are primarily due to hysteresis and eddy currents in the core material.
2. Hysteresis Loss depends on the core material and the frequency of the supply voltage.
3. Copper losses occur due to the resistance of the transformer windings when current flows through them and are independent of the load.
4. Stray losses are caused by leakage flux inducing eddy currents in parts of the transformer like the tank or other structural components.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because copper loss (

I^2R

) is directly dependent on the load current squared (variable loss). Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 4 सत्य हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि कॉपर लॉस भार (

I^2

) पर अत्यधिक निर्भर करता है। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

367📚Synchronous Machines (Alternators)Parallel Operation of Alternators

Consider the following statements about the parallel operation of alternators:
1. In parallel operation, alternators must be synchronized in terms of voltage, frequency, and phase sequence to ensure smooth and stable power distribution.
2. It allows multiple machines to share the load which increases the overall power output of the system.
3. Properly synchronized alternators reduce the efficiency of the system due to increased losses.
4. Parallel operation ensures reliability and continuity of power supply.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Explanation

Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because parallel operation optimizes machine loading near peak efficiency and permits maintenance without shutdowns. Thus, 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि समानांतर संचालन प्रणाली की दक्षता और विश्वसनीयता को बढ़ाता है। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।

2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department

368📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KKashmiri Literature & Habba Khatoon

The book named Habba Khatoon based on the legendary mystic poetess has been penned down by:

Explanation

The play/book 'Habba Khatoon' highlighting the life of the 16th-century peasant queen and Nightingale of Kashmir was written by Kajal Suri.

प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री हब्बा खातून पर आधारित पुस्तक 'काजल सूरी' (Kajal Suri) द्वारा लिखी गई है।

2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture

369📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsHypoxic Fraction in Solid Tumors

The fraction of hypoxic cells in human tumors has been estimated to be:

Explanation

Radiobiological tumor assays and microelectrode/PET measurements estimate the hypoxic fraction in solid human tumors to typically range between 10% and 15%.

मानव ट्यूमर में हाइपोक्सिक (ऑक्सीजन रहित) कोशिकाओं का अंश आमतौर पर 10-15% आंका गया है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

370📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyImaging Modalities Spatial Resolution

The spatial resolution with MRI is about the same as that obtained with:

Explanation

Standard clinical MRI and multidetector Computed Tomography (CT) both achieve high in-plane spatial resolutions on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, vastly superior to PET/SPECT (4-6 mm).

MRI का स्थानिक विभेदन (Spatial resolution) सीटी स्कैन (CT) के लगभग बराबर (~0.5-1 mm) होता है।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

371📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsLaw of Bergonié and Tribondeau

Which type of tissue is most sensitive to ionising radiation?

Explanation

According to the Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau, tissues composed of rapidly proliferating, undifferentiated cells with long mitotic futures (bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, gonadal germ cells) exhibit the highest radiosensitivity.

बर्गुनी और ट्राइबोंड्यू के नियम के अनुसार, तेजी से विभाजित होने वाली कोशिकाओं वाले ऊतक (Tissue with cells that divide quickly) विकिरण के प्रति सर्वाधिक संवेदनशील होते हैं।

2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department

📝 Solved Questions on Tenses, Verbs & Subject-Verb Agreement (371)