Computer Science & ITKnowledge of Computer Applications

Internet, Networking, Protocols & Cybersecurity

Network topologies (LAN, WAN), OSI model layers, transmission protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, TCP/IP, SMTP, FTP), domain names and DNS, cybersecurity threats (Malware, Phishing, Ransomware, DDoS), firewalls, and IT Act provisions.

SOLVED MCQS
4163
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122 / 122
FREQUENCY RATE
100%
AVG / EXAM
34.1
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📝 Solved Questions on Internet, Networking, Protocols & Cybersecurity (4163)

Start Timed Test (4163 Qs)Self-Paced Practice
1🔬General ScienceEcology
Which of the following constitute a food-chain?
Explanation
Grass (Producer) is eaten by Goat (Primary Consumer), which in turn is consumed by Human (Secondary Consumer), forming a valid food chain.
گھاس (پیدا کنندہ) کو بکری کھاتی ہے، اور بکری کو انسان کھاتا ہے، جو کہ ایک درست غذائی زنجیر (food-chain) بناتا ہے۔
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2🔬General ScienceEnvironment
Who was the first scientist to use the term SMOG and define its layers?
Explanation
Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux first coined the term 'smog' (portmanteau of smoke and fog) in a paper presented at the Public Health Congress in 1905.
ڈاکٹر ہنری انٹون (Dr. Henry Antoine) نے سب سے پہلے 1905 میں 'smog' (دھوئیں اور دھند کا آمیزہ) کی اصطلاح استعمال کی تھی۔
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3🔬General ScienceEnvironment
Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:

1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.
2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because the greenhouse effect maintains Earth's temperature suitable for life. Statement 2 is incorrect because the recent increased emission of greenhouse gases is primarily anthropogenic (human-caused), not natural.
پہلا بیان درست ہے کیونکہ گرین ہاؤس اثر زمین کے درجہ حرارت کو رہنے کے قابل بناتا ہے۔ دوسرا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کا بڑھتا ہوا اخراج قدرتی نہیں بلکہ انسانی سرگرمیوں کا نتیجہ ہے۔
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4🔬General ScienceEnergy Sources
Consider the following statements:

- a. There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the earth.
- b. Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy.
- c. Waste from a nuclear power plant can be easily disposed of.

Which of the above statements is/are NOT correct?
Explanation
Statement a is incorrect because fossil fuels are finite and exhaustible. Statement c is incorrect because disposing of nuclear waste is highly complex, hazardous, and difficult. Statement b is correct, so a and c are NOT correct.
بیان 'a' غلط ہے کیونکہ فوسل فیول کے ذخائر محدود ہیں، اور بیان 'c' غلط ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئر ویسٹ کو ٹھکانے لگانا انتہائی مشکل اور خطرناک کام ہے۔ اس لیے 'a' اور 'c' درست نہیں ہیں۔
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5📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Which hill is the Vaishno Devi Mandir located on?
Explanation
Vaishno Devi Mandir is a holy Hindu temple situated on the Trikuta Hills in Katra, Jammu and Kashmir.
ویشنو دیوی مندر جموں و کشمیر کے کٹرا میں واقع تریکوٹہ (Trikuta) پہاڑیوں پر واقع ہے۔
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6📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTPolity
What is the official language of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Urdu was traditionally the sole official language of Jammu and Kashmir since 1889. Although the J&K Official Languages Act, 2020 added Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, and English as official languages, Urdu remains the standard correct answer in classical state competitive exams.
جموں و کشمیر کی تاریخی اور بنیادی سرکاری زبان اردو (Urdu) رہی ہے۔ 2020 کے ایکٹ کے بعد 5 زبانیں آفیشل ہیں، لیکن اردو روایتی اور اہم سرکاری زبان ہے۔
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7📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Arrange the following Indian states in order from North to South:

- a. Himachal Pradesh
- b. Tamil Nadu
- c. Telangana
- d. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation
Geographical arrangement from North to South is: Himachal Pradesh (a), Madhya Pradesh (d), Telangana (c), and Tamil Nadu (b). This corresponds to sequence a, d, c, b.
شمال سے جنوب کی جغرافیائی ترتیب ہے: ہماچل پردیش (a)، مدھیہ پردیش (d)، تلنگانہ (c)، اور تمل ناڈو (b)۔ یعنی 'a, d, c, b'۔
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8📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Consider the following pairs of lakes and the states they are located in:

- a. Hussain Sagar: 4. Telangana
- b. Pulicate Lake: 3. Andhra Pradesh
- c. Dal Lake: 2. Jammu and Kashmir
- d. Loktak Lake: 1. Manipur

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
The correct matches are: Hussain Sagar is in Telangana (a-4), Pulicat Lake in Andhra Pradesh (b-3), Dal Lake in J&K (c-2), and Loktak Lake in Manipur (d-1). This corresponds to a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: حسین ساگر تلنگانہ (a-4)، پلیکٹ جھیل آندھرا پردیش (b-3)، ڈل جھیل جموں و کشمیر (c-2)، اور لوکتک جھیل منی پور (d-1)۔
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9📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Who is popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of India"?
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'. He was a prominent leader in the Indian national movement and formulated the Drain of Wealth theory.
دادا بھائی نائوروجی (Dadabhai Naoroji) کو 'Grand Old Man of India' کہا جاتا ہے۔ انہوں نے پسماندگی اور معاشی نکاس کا نظریہ پیش کیا تھا۔
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10📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Consider the following pairs of historical terms and entities of Jammu and Kashmir:

- a. Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 4. Gulab Singh
- b. Dar-Ul-Aman (written as Dar-Ul-Alam): 1. Maharaja Ranjit Dev
- c. Mian Deedo: 2. Rebellion Group Head
- d. Treaty of Lahore: 3. 1846

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
The correct matches are: Maharaja Gulab Singh founded the Dogra Dynasty (a-4); Jammu was named 'Dar-ul-Aman' during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Dev due to religious peace (b-1); Mian Deedo was a rebel leader against Sikh rule in Jammu (c-2); and the Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (d-3).
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے ڈوگرہ خاندان کی بنیاد رکھی (a-4)؛ مہاراجہ رنجیت دیو کے دور میں جموں کو دارالامن کہا گیا (b-1)؛ میاں دیدو جموں کے باغی لیڈر تھے (c-2)؛ اور لاہور کا معاہدہ 1846 میں ہوا (d-3)۔
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11📚Accountancy & Book KeepingCost Accounting
Calculate the Prime Cost from the following information:

- Direct material purchased: Rs. 1,00,000
- Direct material consumed: Rs. 90,000
- Direct labour: Rs. 60,000
- Direct expenses: Rs. 20,000
- Manufacturing overheads: Rs. 30,000
Explanation
Prime Cost is the sum of direct costs: Prime Cost = Direct Materials Consumed + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses = Rs. 90,000 + Rs. 60,000 + Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 1,70,000. (Note: Purchased material is not used directly, only consumed material is counted).
پرائم کاسٹ (Prime Cost) کا فارمولا: استعمال شدہ خام مال + براہ راست اجرت + دیگر براہ راست اخراجات = 90,000 + 60,000 + 20,000 = 1,70,000 روپے ہے۔
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12📚Accountancy & Book KeepingAccounting Equation
Which of the following is correct?
Explanation
The fundamental accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital (Owner's Equity). This represents the balance sheet structure.
بنیادی اکاؤنٹنگ مساوات ہے: اثاثے (Assets) = واجبات (Liabilities) + ایکویٹی / سرمایہ (Equity)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔
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13📚Accountancy & Book KeepingAccounting Concepts
Which concept suggests the exclusion of human resources in the balance sheet?
Explanation
The Money Measurement Concept states that only transactions and events that can be expressed in terms of money should be recorded. Since human resource value cannot be reliably quantified in money, it is excluded from the balance sheet.
منی میژرمینٹ (Money Measurement) کے تصور کے تحت کھاتوں میں صرف وہ چیزیں درج کی جاتی ہیں جن کی مالیاتی قدر ماپی جا سکے، اس لیے انسانی وسائل اس میں شامل نہیں ہوتے۔
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14📚Accountancy & Book KeepingBank Reconciliation
What is "Deposit in transit" in bank reconciliation?
Explanation
Deposits in transit are funds received and recorded by the company in its cash book but not yet processed and recorded by the bank. In bank reconciliation, these are added to the bank statement balance.
وہ ڈیپازٹس جو کمپنی نے ریکارڈ کر لیے لیکن بینک میں ابھی عملدرآمد نہیں ہوئے، انہیں بینک اسٹیٹمنٹ کے بیلنس میں شامل (Add) کیا جاتا ہے۔
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15📚Accountancy & Book KeepingPFMS
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was earlier known as:
Explanation
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was initially launched as a pilot program called the Central Plan Schemes Monitoring System (CPSMS) in 2009 to track funds released under plan schemes.
پبلک فنانشل مینجمنٹ سسٹم (PFMS) کا پرانا نام سینٹرل پلان اسکیم مانیٹرنگ سسٹم (CPSMS) تھا، جسے 2009 میں فنڈز ٹریک کرنے کے لیے شروع کیا گیا تھا۔
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16📚Accountancy & Book KeepingPartnership Accounts
What happens when interest on drawings is charged to a partner?
Explanation
Interest on drawings is charged to partners as it is an expense for them. It is debited to the partner's Capital or Current Account, reducing their overall equity balance.
جب شراکت دار سے ڈرائنگز پر سود وصول کیا جاتا ہے، تو اسے شراکت دار کے کیپیٹل یا کرنٹ اکاؤنٹ میں ڈیبٹ (Debit) کیا جاتا ہے۔
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17📚Accountancy & Book KeepingAuditing
When an audit is undertaken to check the financial controls and irregularities in the organization, it is which type of audit?
Explanation
An internal audit is conducted within an organization to evaluate risk management, internal controls, and check for any financial irregularities/frauds.
جب تنظیم کے اندر مالیاتی کنٹرولز اور بے ضابطگیوں کو چیک کرنے کے لیے آڈٹ کیا جاتا ہے، تو اسے اندرونی آڈٹ یا انٹرنل آڈٹ (Internal audit) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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18📚Accountancy & Book KeepingTrial Balance
A trial balance helps to check the accuracy of the:
Explanation
A trial balance is prepared to verify the arithmetical accuracy of postings in the ledger accounts. If the trial balance agrees, it indicates that the ledger accounts are arithmetically correct.
ٹرائل بیلنس (Trial balance) کھاتہ کھتونی یا لیجر (Ledger) کی حسابی درستگی کو جانچنے کے لیے تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔
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19📚Accountancy & Book KeepingTaxation
Assertion (A): If the interest is payable outside India, tax must be deducted at source.
Reason (R): If tax has not been deducted at source, the amount paid as interest will not be allowed as a deduction in computing business income.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Explanation
Both are correct. Section 40(a)(i) mandates that if interest is payable outside India, tax must be deducted at source (TDS). If tax is not deducted, the interest expense is disallowed as a deduction, making R the correct explanation of A.
دعویٰ (A) اور وجہ (R) دونوں درست ہیں اور وجہ، دعویٰ کی صحیح وضاحت کرتی ہے۔ بیرون ملک سود کی ادائیگی پر TDS لازمی ہے ورنہ وہ اخراجات بزنس انکم میں منہا نہیں کیے جا سکتے۔
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20📚Accountancy & Book KeepingCost Accounting
From the following information, find out the number of units that must be sold by the firm to earn a profit of Rs. 1,80,000 per year:

- Sales price: Rs. 25 per unit
- Variable manufacturing costs: Rs. 12 per unit
- Variable selling costs: Rs. 3 per unit
- Fixed factory overheads: Rs. 5,00,000
- Fixed selling costs: Rs. 3,00,000
Explanation
Contribution per unit = Selling Price - Total Variable Cost = 25 - (12 + 3) = Rs. 10. Total Fixed Cost = 5,00,000 + 3,00,000 = Rs. 8,00,000. Required Sales Units = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution per unit = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 9,80,000 / 10 = 98,000 units.
فی یونٹ کنٹریبیوشن = 25 - (12+3) = 10۔ کل فکسڈ لاگت = 8,00,000۔ مطلوبہ یونٹس = (فکسڈ لاگت + منافع) / کنٹریبیوشن = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 98,000 یونٹس۔
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21📚General EnglishSynonyms
Select the correct synonym of the word:

ADMONISH
Explanation
'Admonish' means to warn or reprimand someone firmly. Among the given options, 'Threaten' is the closest synonym.
'Admonish' کا مطلب ہے تنبیہ کرنا یا ڈانٹنا۔ دیے گئے اختیارات میں 'Threaten' (دھمکانا) اس کا قریب ترین مترادف ہے۔
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22📚General EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Rearrange the following jumbled phrases into a meaningful sentence:

- 1. Are tree from (free from)
- 2. Grow abundantly
- 3. Low plants
- 4. Tundra region
- 5. During the short summer
- 6. Like mosses and clinches (lichens)
- 7. And
- 8. Ice
Explanation
Option B (4, 1, 8, 5, 7, 3, 6, 2) forms the correct sentence: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'
صحیح ترتیب آپشن B ہے: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'
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23📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with a suitable article:

The Sun rises in the east and sets in ___ west.
Explanation
Directions (east, west, north, south) take the definite article 'the' when preceded by a preposition. Therefore, 'sets in the west'.
جغرافیائی سمتوں (directions) جیسے مشرق، مغرب، وغیرہ سے پہلے ہمیشہ ڈیفینیٹ آرٹیکل 'the' لگایا جاتا ہے۔
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24📚General EnglishConditionals
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank:

If I had left early like everyone else did, I ___ sitting here now listening to all this rubbish.
Explanation
This is a mixed conditional sentence. It uses past perfect in the if-clause ('If I had left early...') and would/wouldn't + base verb in the main clause to describe a present result of a past event: 'I wouldn't be sitting here now'.
یہ ایک مخلوط شرطیہ جملہ (mixed conditional) ہے۔ ماضی کے فیصلے کا اثر اب دکھانے کے لیے 'wouldn't be' استعمال ہوگا۔
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25📚Statistics & MathematicsStatistics
Consider the following statements regarding Measures of Mortality:

- a. Gross Reproduction Rate: 5. Measures the number of daughters over a lifetime.
- b. Age-Specific Fertility Rate: 3. Has modal value between 20 and 25
- c. Net Reproduction Rate: 2. Affected by mortality rates
- d. Maternal Mortality Rate: 4. Is measured per 1000 live births.

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matches: GRR (Gross Reproduction Rate) measures daughters born per woman without considering mortality (a-5). ASFR usually peaks in age group 20-25 (b-3). NRR is NRR = GRR * survival rate, hence affected by mortality (c-2). MMR in this specific matching maps to 4. Correct match is a-5, b-3, c-2, d-4.
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: GRR کا تعلق بیٹیوں کی پیدائش کی شرح سے ہے (a-5)؛ ASFR کا موڈل گروپ 20-25 عمر کے درمیان ہوتا ہے (b-3)؛ NRR پر شرح اموات اثر انداز ہوتی ہے (c-2)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔
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26📚General EconomicsEconomics
What is the meaning of a 'Mixed Economy'?
Explanation
A mixed economy is an economic system that blends elements of a market economy (private sector) with elements of a planned economy (public/state sector). India is a prime example.
مخلوط معیشت (Mixed Economy) سے مراد وہ معاشی نظام ہے جس میں سرکاری (public) اور نجی (private) دونوں شعبے مل کر کام کرتے ہیں۔
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27📚General EconomicsEconomics
Which of the following is the relation that the law of demand defines?
Explanation
The Law of Demand states that, other things being equal (ceteris paribus), the quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to its price.
قانونِ طلب (law of demand) کسی چیز کی قیمت (price) اور اس کی طلب کی مقدار (quantity) کے درمیان معکوس تعلق کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔
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28📚General EconomicsEconomics
Which five-year plan of India was based on the Mahalanobis model?
Explanation
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961), drafted by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, focused on rapid industrialization and heavy basic industries.
بھارت کا دوسرا پانچ سالہ منصوبہ (1956-1961) مہالانوبس ماڈل (Mahalanobis model) پر مبنی تھا، جس میں بھاری صنعتوں پر زور دیا گیا تھا۔
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29📚General EconomicsEconomics
Which is NOT one of the four main factors of production?
Explanation
The four classical factors of production are Land, Labour, Capital, and Entrepreneurship. Manufacturing is a production process/sector, not a fundamental factor of production.
پیداوار کے چار اہم عوامل: زمین، محنت (Labour)، سرمایہ (Capital) اور تنظیم ہیں۔ مینوفیکچرنگ (Manufacturing) ان عوامل میں شامل نہیں ہے۔
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30🔬General ScienceBiology
Name the hardest material present in the human body:
Explanation
Tooth Enamel, which covers the crown of the tooth, is the hardest and most mineralized substance in the human body.
دانتوں کی سب سے بیرونی تہہ اینمل (Enamel) انسانی جسم کا سب سے سخت ترین مادہ ہے۔
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31🔬General SciencePhysics
'Short-sight' in the human eye can be corrected by using a proper:
Explanation
Short-sightedness (Myopia) occurs when light focuses in front of the retina. It is corrected using a Concave (diverging) lens to push the focus back onto the retina.
نزدیک نظری یا مایوپیا (Short-sight) کو دور کرنے کے لیے مقعر عدسہ یعنی کانکیو لینس (Concave Lens) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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32📚Knowledge of ComputersMemory
Which of the following memory is used for storing software that does not need updates?
Explanation
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory used to store permanent firmware/software (like the system BIOS) that does not require regular updates.
روم (ROM) ایک ایسی غیر متغیر میموری ہے جس میں مستقل سافٹ ویئر (جیسے BIOS) محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے جسے اپڈیٹس کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی۔
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33📚Knowledge of ComputersSecurity
Which of the following is an antivirus?
Explanation
Norton is a widely used commercial antivirus software utility. Trojan Horse, Worms, and Macro Virus are types of malware.
نورٹن (Norton) ایک اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر ہے، جبکہ ٹروجن ہارس اور ورمز وغیرہ نقصان دہ وائرس اور مالویئر ہیں۔
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34📚Knowledge of ComputersHardware
Where is firmware stored?
Explanation
Firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides low-level control for the device's hardware, permanently stored in non-volatile ROM/Flash chips.
فرم ویئر (firmware) عام طور پر روم (ROM) یا نان وولیٹائل میموری چپس میں مستقل طور پر محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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35📚Knowledge of ComputersIT Act
In the IT Act 2000, which section deals with the punishment for cyber terrorism?
Explanation
Section 66F of the Information Technology Act, 2000, covers the definition and penal provisions for cyber terrorism, carrying a maximum punishment of life imprisonment.
انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ایکٹ 2000 کی دفعہ 66 (F) سائبر دہشت گردی (cyber terrorism) کی سزا اور کارروائی سے متعلق ہے۔
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36📚Knowledge of ComputersE-Governance
The "UMANG" app allows citizens to access:
Explanation
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a multi-platform government app designed to provide single-point access to various central and state government services.
سرکاری ایپ 'عمنگ' (UMANG) شہریوں کو مختلف مرکزی اور ریاستی سرکاری خدمات اور معلومات تک براہ راست رسائی فراہم کرتی ہے۔
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37📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsCrime Scene Management
Mark the proper sequence of tasks to be completed in a crime scene.

i. Packaging of physical evidence
ii. Securing the scene
iii. Collecting physical evidence
iv. Recognizing physical evidence
Explanation
The correct sequence is: first secure the scene (ii), then recognize/identify evidence (iv), then collect the evidence (iii), and finally package it (i).
صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے جرم کی جگہ کو محفوظ کرنا (ii)، پھر ثبوتوں کی شناخت کرنا (iv)، پھر ثبوت اکٹھے کرنا (iii)، اور آخر میں پیک کرنا (i)۔
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38📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsLaw of Evidence
A witness who wants the accused to be behind bars for the committed crime is called as
Explanation
An interested witness is one who has a personal interest in the outcome of the case or in seeing the accused convicted.
دلچسپی رکھنے والا گواہ (Interested witness) وہ ہوتا ہے جس کا کیس کے نتیجے میں یا ملزم کو سزا دلوانے میں کوئی ذاتی مفاد ہوتا ہے۔
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39📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsForensic Institutions
Match the following:

List-I (Institution offering courses in forensic science)
i. Osmania University
ii. Dr. Harisingh Gour University
iii. Bundelkhand University
iv. National Forensic Science University

List-II (Location)
a. Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
b. Delhi
c. Hyderabad, Telangana
d. Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Explanation
The correct matches are: Osmania University is in Hyderabad (i-c); Dr. Harisingh Gour University is in Sagar, MP (ii-a); Bundelkhand University is in Jhansi, UP (iii-d); NFSU has a campus in Delhi (iv-b).
صحیح جوڑ یہ ہیں: عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی حیدرآباد میں ہے (i-c)؛ ڈاکٹر ہری سنگھ گور یونیورسٹی ساگر، ایم پی میں ہے (ii-a)؛ بندیل کھنڈ یونیورسٹی جھانسی، یوپی میں ہے (iii-d)؛ این ایف ایس یو کا کیمپس دہلی میں ہے (iv-b)۔
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40📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsFingerprints
Which of the following are the principles of fingerprint analysis?

i. Universal
ii. Individual
iii. Classifiable
Explanation
The core scientific principles/laws of fingerprint analysis are that fingerprints are Individual (unique to each person) and Classifiable (based on systematic ridge patterns). While prints are virtually universal to humans, 'Universal' is not defined as a core principle of fingerprint identification compared to individuality and classifiability.
فنگر پرنٹ تجزیہ کے بنیادی اصول یہ ہیں کہ انگلیوں کے نشانات انفرادی (Individual) ہوتے ہیں اور انہیں باقاعدہ پیٹرن کے تحت درجہ بند (Classifiable) کیا جا سکتا ہے۔
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41📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsForensic Administration
The Directorate of Forensic Science Services was bifurcated from BPR & D based on the recommendations of

i. Malimath Committee
ii. Padmanabhaiah Committee
iii. National Human Rights Commission
Explanation
The bifurcation of the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (DFSS) from the Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D) in 2002 was based on the recommendations of the Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
ڈائریکٹوریٹ آف فارنسک سائنس سروسز (DFSS) کو 2002 میں بی پی آر اینڈ ڈی سے الگ کرنا پدمنبھیا کمیٹی اور نیشنل ہیومن رائٹس کمیشن (NHRC) کی سفارشات پر مبنی تھا۔
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42📚Classical Mechanics & DynamicsCrime Scene Management
Specimen of material collected from crime scene for comparing with the questioned material is called as
Explanation
A control sample is a specimen of material collected from the crime scene (e.g. from an adjacent, unstained area of a substrate) to compare with the questioned evidence to ensure that background or substrate interference is accounted for.
کنٹرول سیمپل (Control Sample) جرم کی جگہ سے حاصل کردہ وہ نمونہ ہوتا ہے جو معاون سطح یا پس منظر کی جانچ کے لیے حاصل کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ موازنے کو درست بنایا جا سکے۔
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43📚Electromagnetism & OpticsStatistics
The English word "Statistics" is derived from

i. Latin word "Status"
ii. Italian word "Statista"
iii. German word "Statistik"
Explanation
The word 'Statistics' has been derived from the Latin word 'Status', Italian word 'Statista', and the German word 'Statistik'. All refer to the political state or data concerning it.
لفظ 'Statistics' لاطینی لفظ 'Status'، اطالوی لفظ 'Statista'، اور جرمن لفظ 'Statistik' سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔
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44📚Electromagnetism & OpticsStatistics
Arrange the stages of statistical investigation in their correct order.

a. Classification of Data
b. Collection of Data
c. Interpretation of Data
d. Analysis of Data
e. Planning the purpose of Investigation
Explanation
The correct logical order of statistical investigation is: Planning (e) -> Collection of Data (b) -> Classification of Data (a) -> Analysis (d) -> Interpretation (c).
اعداد و شمار کی تفتیش کی صحیح ترتیب ہے: تفتیش کی منصوبہ بندی (e) -> ڈیٹا جمع کرنا (b) -> درجہ بندی کرنا (a) -> تجزیہ کرنا (d) -> تشریح یا نتیجہ نکالنا (c)۔ یعنی 'e, b, a, d, c'۔
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45📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:
Explanation
Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.
رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔
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46📚Forensic Ballistics & Internal/External BallisticsFootprints
A footprint classification system is required for filing the footprints of

i. New born babies
ii. Military airmen
iii. People lacking arms
Explanation
Footprint classification systems are used for filing records of newborn babies (hospital security), military airmen (for identification after plane crashes/burns), and individuals lacking arms (who cannot provide fingerprints).
فٹ پرنٹ کی درجہ بندی کا نظام نوزائیدہ بچوں، فوجی ہوابازوں (حادثات میں شناخت کے لیے)، اور بغیر بازوؤں والے افراد (جن کے فنگر پرنٹ نہیں لیے جا سکتے) کی ریکارڈ فائلنگ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔
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47📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationArms Act
Which of the following means ammunition, as per Indian Arms Act, 1959?

i. Rocket.
ii. Noxious liquid
iii. Charges for firearm.
Explanation
Section 2(b) of the Indian Arms Act, 1959 defines 'ammunition' to include rockets, noxious liquid/gas-producing articles, and propellant charges/cartridges for firearms.
بھارتی اسلحہ ایکٹ 1959 کے تحت، بارود (ammunition) کی تعریف میں راکٹ، نقصان دہ مائع (noxious liquid) پیدا کرنے والے آلات، اور گولیوں کے چارجز تینوں شامل ہیں۔
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48📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationFiring Process
Arrange the following process of firing in increasing order of chronology.

i. Triggering
ii. Striking percussion cap
iii. Hammer release
iv. Ignition of propellent
Explanation
The correct sequence of events when firing a gun is: first the trigger is pulled/triggering (i), which releases the hammer (iii), causing the firing pin to strike the percussion cap (ii), leading to the ignition of the propellant (iv).
فائرنگ کے عمل کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے ٹرگر دبایا جاتا ہے (i)، پھر ہیمر آزاد ہوتا ہے (iii)، پھر وہ پرکشن کیپ سے ٹکراتا ہے (ii)، اور آخر میں بارود جلتا ہے (iv)۔ یعنی 'i, iii, ii, iv'۔
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49📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationGSR Analysis
Match the following:

List-I (Detectable Metal)
i. Antimony
ii. Copper
iii. Iron
iv. Nitrates

List-II (Source)
a. Primers
b. Barrel
c. Propellants
d. Bullet jacket
Explanation
The correct matches are: Antimony - Primers (i-a); Copper - Bullet jacket (ii-d); Iron - Barrel (iii-b); Nitrates - Propellants (iv-c).
صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: اینٹیمونی -> پرائمر (i-a)؛ تانبا -> گولی کا خول یا جیکٹ (ii-d)؛ لوہا -> نالی (iii-b)؛ نائٹریٹ -> بارود یا پروپیلنٹ (iv-c)۔
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50📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationRifling
The process of cutting the lands and groove inside the barrel of a firearm is called as
Explanation
Rifling is the process of cutting helical grooves (creating lands and grooves) inside the bore of a firearm barrel to impart spin and stabilize the bullet.
بندوق کی نالی کے اندر ہیلیکل نالیاں اور ابھار (lands and grooves) کاٹنے کے عمل کو رائفلنگ (Rifling) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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51📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeAmmunition
Dum-Dum bullets were first manufactured at
Explanation
Dum-Dum (expanding) bullets were first designed and manufactured in the late 19th century at the British Indian Army Arsenal located in Dum Dum near Calcutta (Kolkata).
دم دم گولیاں (پھیلنے والی گولیاں) سب سے پہلے کلکتہ (Calcutta) کے قریب واقع دم دم فوجی ڈپو میں تیار کی گئی تھیں۔
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52📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeAmmunition
The function of primer is
Explanation
The primer contains a small amount of sensitive primary explosive that detonates upon impact, sending a flame to ignite the main propellant powder charge.
پرائمر کا بنیادی کام کارتوس کے اندر موجود اصل بارود (propellant charge) کو جلانا یا بھڑکانا ہوتا ہے۔
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53📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeRifling
Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as
Explanation
The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).
نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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54📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeTrajectory
The lateral deviation of trajectory of projectile from the plane of departure is known as
Explanation
Drift is the lateral (sideways) deviation of a spinning bullet from the vertical plane of departure, primarily caused by gyroscopic spin and air interaction.
گولی کے گھومنے کی وجہ سے اپنے اصل سیدھے راستے سے دائیں یا بائیں انحراف کرنے کے عمل کو ڈرفٹ (Drift) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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55📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of physical evidence?
Explanation
Glass is a tangible object (physical evidence), while alibis and testimonies represent oral or testimonial evidence.
شیشہ (Glass) مادی یا طبیعی ثبوت (physical evidence) کی ایک قسم ہے، جبکہ گواہان کے بیانات اور عذر (alibi) زبانی گواہی کے زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔
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56📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:

i. Packaging of evidence
ii. Collection of evidence
iii. Securing the crime scene
iv. Sketching and videography of the crime scene

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?
Explanation
The standard sequence of crime scene processing is: first securing the scene (iii), documenting via sketching and photography (iv), collecting evidence (ii), and then packaging it (i).
کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا (iii)، خاکہ سازی اور فوٹوگرافی (iv)، شواہد جمع کرنا (ii)، اور پھر ان کی پیکیجنگ کرنا (i)۔
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57📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
After a culprit murders a person in a house and then burns the body in a forest miles away from the house. What is the crime scene where the body is burnt called?
Explanation
The house where the murder occurred is the primary crime scene, and the forest where the body was burned is the secondary crime scene.
وہ مکان جہاں قتل ہوا وہ بنیادی کرائم سین (primary) کہلائے گا، اور جنگل جہاں لاش جلائی گئی وہ ثانوی کرائم سین (secondary) کہلائے گا۔
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58📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
The following steps are involved in crime scene reconstruction:

i. Conjecture
ii. Testing and theory formation
iii. Data collection
iv. Hypothesis testing

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?
Explanation
Crime scene reconstruction involves: Data collection (iii) -> Conjecture/observation (i) -> Hypothesis testing (iv) -> Testing and theory formation (ii).
کرائم سین کی تعمیر نو (Reconstruction) کے مراحل ہیں: ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنا (iii) -> قیاس آرائی (i) -> مفروضہ کی جانچ (iv) -> نظریہ کی تشکیل اور ٹیسٹنگ (ii)۔
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59📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?
Explanation
The grid search method is a double-line search that is highly thorough and ensures no area is missed.
گرڈ تلاش کا طریقہ (Grid method) ایک دوہرا تلاش کا طریقہ ہے جو انتہائی تفصیلی ہوتا ہے اور اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ کوئی بھی علاقہ چھوٹ نہ جائے۔
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60📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of macroscopic crime scene?
Explanation
A macroscopic crime scene refers to large-scale scenes (like a house, building, or field), whereas microscopic scenes refer to trace evidence (GSR, hair, pollen).
میکرواسکوپک کرائم سین (Macroscopic crime scene) سے مراد کوئی بڑی جگہ ہے جیسے کہ پورا گھر، جبکہ بال، پولن اور بارود کے ذرات مائیکرواسکوپک زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔
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61📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.
پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔
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62📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of paper packaging method used for evidence?
Explanation
A druggist's fold (or pharmacist's fold) is a folding pattern used to secure small amounts of trace evidence (like hair, powder, fibers) in paper without leakage.
ڈرگسٹ فولڈ (Druggist's fold) کاغذ کو موڑنے کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس کے ذریعے بالوں یا پاؤڈر جیسے چھوٹے شواہد کو بغیر گرے محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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63📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Blood evidence is packaged in which of the following containers to avoid microbial contamination?
Explanation
Wet or dry bloodstains should be packaged in paper bags because paper allows remaining moisture to evaporate, preventing mold/microbial growth which degrades DNA.
خون کے شواہد کو کاغذ کے تھیلوں (Paper bags) میں پیک کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ کاغذ نمی کو باہر نکلنے دیتا ہے، جس سے پھپھوندی اور جراثیم پیدا نہیں ہوتے جو ڈی این اے کو نقصان پہنچا سکتے ہیں۔
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64📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyArson Investigation
In arson cases, what does "pyromania" mean?
Explanation
Pyromania is an obsessive, impulsive disorder characterized by the deliberate and repetitive setting of fires.
پائرومینیا (Pyromania) سے مراد آگ لگانے کی جنونی اور غیر اختیاری خواہش یا نفسیاتی بیماری ہے۔
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65📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCrime Scene Management
What is a specimen for example a hair sample whose origin is known with certainty and is used for comparison called?
Explanation
A sample whose origin is known with certainty (like hair taken directly from a suspect's head) is called a standard or known sample.
وہ نمونہ جس کا ماخذ یقینی طور پر معلوم ہو (مثلاً مشتبہ شخص کے سر سے لیا گیا بال) اسے موازنے کے لیے 'اسٹینڈرڈ سیمپل' (Standard sample) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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66📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCrime Scene Management
What is one of the most effective ways of documenting the location of evidence on a bomb blast explosion scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates are highly effective for mapping expansive, outdoor explosion scenes where there may be a single center of explosion but few rectangular walls.
بم دھماکے کی جگہ پر جہاں دور دور تک ملبہ پھیلا ہو، ثبوتوں کی پوزیشن ناپنے کے لیے پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) کا طریقہ سب سے زیادہ کارآمد ہوتا ہے۔
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67📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyExplosives
Sampling of residue deposited on an item in an explosive scene can be collected by vigorously swabbing the surface with several swabs moistened with which of the following?
Explanation
Forensic protocols specify using swabs moistened with distilled water (for inorganic residues/salts) or specific solvents like methanol/ethanol for organic explosive residues. In general, distilled water is the standard safe choice.
دھماکہ خیز مواد کے ذرات کو جمع کرنے کے لیے سطح کو کشید شدہ پانی (Distilled water) سے گیلے کیے گئے سواب کے ذریعے رگڑ کر نمونہ حاصل کیا جاتا ہے۔
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68📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is an example of trace evidence found on a crime scene?
Explanation
Trace evidence refers to microscopic physical evidence transferred during a crime, such as fibers, hair, soil, or glass fragments.
ٹریس شواہد (Trace evidence) سے مراد انتہائی چھوٹے یا خوردبینی شواہد ہیں، جیسے کہ کوئی دھاگہ یا ریشہ (Fiber) جو جائے وقوعہ پر پایا جائے۔
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69📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyWildlife Protection
Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India deals with the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants.
بھارت میں جنگلی حیات اور پرندوں کے تحفظ کے لیے 'وائلڈ لائف کنزرویشن ایکٹ 1972' نافذ العمل ہے۔
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70📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologySaliva Analysis
Which gland produces majority of saliva in humans?
Explanation
The submandibular glands produce approximately 65-70% of the total unstimulated saliva in humans, followed by the parotids.
انسانوں میں لعاب دہن (saliva) کا سب سے زیادہ حصہ (تقریباً 65 سے 70 فیصد) سب مینڈبلر غدود (Submandibular glands) سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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71📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyForensic Botany
Cannabis plants are often grown indoors illegally. Their pollen can be collected as evidence from the cracks and crevices of the indoor environment by investigative team long after the plantation has been shifted or eradicated. What type of pollination does Cannabis exhibit?
Explanation
Cannabis is an anemophilous (wind-pollinated) plant, producing lightweight pollen that disperses easily and lingers in cracks and indoor spaces.
بھنگ کا پودا (Cannabis) ہوا کے ذریعے پولینیشن (Anemophilous) کرتا ہے، اسی لیے اس کے پولن ہوا میں اڑ کر طویل عرصے تک آس پاس کی دراڑوں میں جمع رہتے ہیں۔
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72📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesForensic Entomology
If the Accumulated Degree Hours (ADH) in three days is 3672, then how many ADH of 70 degree are there in these 3 days?
Explanation
To find the corresponding hours at a constant 70 degrees: Hours = ADH / Temp = 3672 / 70 = 52.45 hours.
حساب لگانے کے لیے: گھنٹے = کل ADH تقسیم درجہ حرارت؛ یعنی 3672 / 70 = 52.45 گھنٹے۔
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73📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesForensic Odontology
At the age 12-13 years, when all the second molars have erupted, what would the total number of teeth be?
Explanation
By age 12-13, all 28 permanent teeth (excluding the 4 wisdom teeth) have erupted, and all primary/temporary teeth have been shed.
12 سے 13 سال کی عمر میں تمام 28 مستقل دانت نکل آتے ہیں (سوائے عقل داڑھ کے) اور کوئی بھی عارضی یا دودھ کا دانت باقی نہیں رہتا۔
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74📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Anthropology
Which fontanelle of the human skull closes at birth or up to 6 weeks after birth?
Explanation
The posterior fontanelle (Lambda) closes within 1-2 months (up to 6 weeks) after birth. Bregma closes around 18 months.
انسانی کھوپڑی کا پچھلا نرم حصہ یعنی لیمبڈا (Lambda) پیدائش کے وقت یا 6 ہفتوں کے اندر بند ہو جاتا ہے، جبکہ بریگما تقریباً 18 ماہ میں بند ہوتا ہے۔
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75📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Anthropology
Which of the following statements pertaining to the sexual dimorphism in human pelvis is TRUE?
Explanation
In the human pelvis, the female pelvic inlet is circular or oval, whereas the male pelvic inlet is heart-shaped to accommodate childbirth.
انسانی کولہے کی ہڈی (Pelvis) میں جنسی فرق یہ ہے کہ خواتین میں کولہے کا داخلہ راستہ گول (circular) اور مردوں میں دل کی شکل (heart-shaped) جیسا ہوتا ہے۔
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76📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Odontology
Which is the oldest permanent tooth in oral cavity of human adults?
Explanation
The permanent first molar (often called the 6-year molar) is the first permanent tooth to erupt, making it the oldest permanent tooth in an adult mouth.
انسانی منہ میں سب سے پہلا مستقل دانت پہلی داڑھ (First molar) ہے جو 6 سال کی عمر میں نکلتی ہے، اس لیے یہ سب سے پرانا مستقل دانت ہے۔
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77📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Odontology
Which of the following is a NOT successional tooth?
Explanation
Successional (or succedaneous) teeth are permanent teeth that replace primary teeth. Permanent molars (first, second, third) erupt behind primary teeth and do not replace any, making them non-successional.
وہ مستقل دانت جو دودھ کے دانتوں کی جگہ لیتے ہیں انہیں سکسیشنل کہتے ہیں۔ لیکن داڑھیں (Molars) کسی دودھ کے دانت کو گرا کر نہیں نکلتیں، اس لیے وہ سکسیشنل نہیں ہیں۔
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78📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyFecal Stains
Urobilinoids can be converted to urobilin zinc salt that fluoresces under ALS of 450 nm. This method can be used to spot -
Explanation
The Edelman test converts urobilinoids present in feces to a green fluorescent zinc-urobilin complex, serving as a test for fecal stains.
فضلہ یا پاخانے کے دھبوں (Fecal stains) کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے کیمیائی عمل کے ذریعے زنک یورو بلین نمک بنا کر نیلی روشنی (ALS) میں چمکایا جاتا ہے۔
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79📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologySaliva Analysis
Which of the following can distinguish between human salivary amylase and human pancreatic amylase?
Explanation
Antihuman salivary amylase antibodies (used in lateral flow tests like RSID-Saliva) specifically target salivary amylase and do not cross-react with pancreatic amylase.
منہ کے تھوک والے امائلیز اور لبلبے (pancreas) کے امائلیز کے درمیان فرق کرنے کے لیے اینٹی ہیومن سلائیوری امائلیز اینٹی باڈی (Option C) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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80📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyHair Analysis
Which of the following statements aptly define the difference between Human hair and animal hair?

i. The colour in human is relatively uniform throughout the shaft as opposed to that in animal hair
ii. The medulla is less than 1/3rd width of the shaft in human hair and greater than 1/3rd width in animal hair
iii. Scaling pattern of human hair is imbricate while that of animal hair is varied
Explanation
All three statements correctly differentiate human from animal hair: human hair has uniform pigmentation (i), a narrow medulla (index < 0.33) (ii), and consistently imbricate scales (iii).
تینوں بیانات انسانی اور حیوانی بالوں کا صحیح موازنہ کرتے ہیں: انسانی بال کا رنگ یکساں ہوتا ہے (i)؛ اس کا اندرونی دھاگہ یا میڈولا ریشے کے تہائی حصے سے چھوٹا ہوتا ہے (ii)؛ اور اس کے اسکیلز ہمیشہ فلیٹ یا امبریکیٹ ہوتے ہیں (iii)۔
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81📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
What does transient evidence mean?
Explanation
Transient evidence is evidence that by its very nature is temporary and can easily degrade, disappear, or change over a short period of time (e.g., odors, temperature, footprints in snow).
عارضی ثبوت (Transient evidence) سے مراد ایسا ثبوت ہے جو اپنی نوعیت کے لحاظ سے عارضی ہو اور جو مختصر وقت میں ختم، تبدیل یا زائل ہو سکتا ہو (جیسے بو، درجہ حرارت یا برف پر پاؤں کے نشان)۔
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82📚Organic & StereochemistryForensic Anthropology
What branch of forensic science deals with measurement and proportions of human body?
Explanation
Anthropometry refers to the systematic measurement of the physical properties and proportions of the human body, popularized by Alphonse Bertillon for criminal identification.
انتھروپومیٹری (Anthropometry) سے مراد انسانی جسم کے حصوں کی پیمائش اور تناسب کا مطالعہ ہے، جسے الفونس برٹیلون نے مجرموں کی شناخت کے لیے شروع کیا تھا۔
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83📚Organic & StereochemistryForensic Botany
Examination of pollen and seeds as trace evidences collected from crime scene is done by
Explanation
Forensic Botany involves the application of plant sciences (such as examining pollen grains, seeds, leaves, and wood) to legal investigations.
فارنسک بوٹنی (Forensic Botany) میں پودوں سے متعلق سائنس (جیسے پولن، بیج، پتے اور لکڑی) کا استعمال کرائم سین پر شواہد کی تفتیش کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
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84📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Date, location and scale are the important components of
Explanation
Date, location, and scale (along with direction and legend) are essential components of a Crime Scene Sketch.
تاریخ، مقام اور اسکیل (پیمانہ) کرائم سین کے خاکے (Crime scene sketch) کے اہم اور لازمی اجزاء ہیں۔
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85📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
What is not the responsibility of an First Responder?
Explanation
The first responder's priority is life safety (first aid), securing the scene, and arresting suspects if present. Collection of transient evidence is typically done by forensic specialists, although they must preserve it.
فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا بنیادی کام زخمیوں کو طبی امداد دینا، ملزم کو پکڑنا اور جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا ہے۔ شواہد کو اکٹھا کرنا (Collection) فارنسک ٹیم کا کام ہے، فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا نہیں۔
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86📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
What is not a search method employed for outdoor crime scene?
Explanation
Supervision method is not a physical search pattern. Spiral, Grid, Line/Strip, and Zone methods are standard forensic search patterns used for crime scenes.
سپر ویزن کا طریقہ (Supervision method) کوئی سائنسی سرچ پیٹرن نہیں ہے۔ اسپائرل، گرڈ اور لائن میتھڈ کرائم سین کی تلاش کے مقبول طریقے ہیں۔
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87📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
The document meant at the crime scene to keep a record of entry and exit of personnels is known as
Explanation
The Crime Scene Security Log (or Crime Scene Log) records the names and times of arrival and departure of all personnel entering or exiting the secured perimeter.
جائے وقوعہ پر آنے اور جانے والے تمام افسران اور افراد کا ریکارڈ رکھنے والی دستاویز کو کرائم سین لاگ (Crime Scene Log) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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88📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Any physical location where the crime has occurred is known as
Explanation
A crime scene is defined as any physical location where a crime occurred or where evidence related to the crime is found.
وہ مادی یا طبیعی جگہ جہاں کوئی جرم سرزد ہوا ہو یا جرم سے متعلق کوئی ثبوت پایا جائے، اسے جائے وقوعہ یا کرائم سین (Crime scene) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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89📚Organic & StereochemistryArson Investigation
What type of crime scene does arson signify?
Explanation
Arson is the criminal act of deliberately and unlawfully setting fire to property, structures, or wildland areas.
ارسن (Arson) کا مطلب کسی عمارت یا جائیداد کو غیر قانونی اور مجرمانہ طور پر جان بوجھ کر آگ لگا کر تباہ کرنا ہے۔
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90📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
What is the latest technology of crime scene preservation for reconstruction?
Explanation
3-D Laser Scanning (such as FARO scanners) is a state-of-the-art technology that captures a detailed 3D digital model of the entire crime scene for subsequent virtualization and reconstruction.
جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنے اور اس کی دوبارہ تعمیر نو کے لیے سب سے جدید ترین ٹیکنالوجی 'تھری ڈی لیزر اسکیننگ' (3-D Laser Scanning) ہے جس سے پورے منظر کا ڈیجیٹل ماڈل تیار ہو جاتا ہے۔
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91📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Wet seminal stains on an clothing is preserved by
Explanation
Biological fluids like semen and blood must be air-dried at room temperature away from direct sunlight, and then packaged in a breathable paper bag to prevent bacterial growth.
کپڑوں پر موجود گیلے سیمن یا خون کے دھبوں کو پہلے سائے میں ہوا میں خشک (Air drying) کیا جاتا ہے اور پھر کاغذ کے لفافے میں محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ وہ سڑ نہ جائیں۔
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92📚Organic & StereochemistryLegal Terms
Conduct money is paid for
Explanation
Conduct money is the traveling expense and allowance paid to a witness, including a medical or forensic expert, to summon them to appear and testify in court.
کنڈکٹ منی (Conduct money) وہ سفری اور روزانہ الاؤنس ہوتا ہے جو عدالت کی طرف سے گواہ یا فارنسک ماہر کو عدالت میں حاضر ہو کر گواہی دینے کے لیے ادا کیا جاتا ہے۔
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93📚Organic & StereochemistryAlternate Light Source
What type of evidence may fluoresce under an alternate light source?
Explanation
Semen and saliva contain biological substances (proteins/urea) that fluoresce strongly under UV/alternate light sources. Blood does not fluoresce directly but absorbs light (looks dark/black), but in many standard exam keys, semen, blood, and saliva are listed together as fluid traces detected by ALS.
متبادل لائٹ سورس (ALS) کے تحت جسمانی رطوبتیں جیسے سیمن، تھوک اور خون کی موجودگی کا پتہ ان کے چمکنے یا روشنی جذب کرنے کے عمل سے لگایا جاتا ہے۔
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94📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
A sharp knife collected form the crime scene as evidence should be preserved in
Explanation
Sharp and dangerous items like knives should be secured in a rigid container (such as a wooden or cardboard box) lined with protective cushioning (cotton) to prevent injury and preserve DNA/fingerprints.
تیز دھار چھری یا چاقو کو چوٹ سے بچنے اور انگلیوں کے نشانات محفوظ رکھنے کے لیے کاٹن لگی لکڑی کے ڈبے (Wooden box lined with cotton) میں محفوظ کرنا چاہیے۔
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95📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Scientists going to an mass disaster crime scene should ensure
Explanation
Mass disaster management requires self-safety/PPE (biological hazard protection), careful chain of custody (collection/packaging), and surveying the wider area for secondary scenes.
بڑے حادثات یا آفات کے مقام پر تفتیش کے لیے جانے والے فارنسک ماہرین کو حیاتیاتی خطرات سے حفاظت، شواہد کی پیکنگ اور ثانوی جائے وقوعہ کی نگرانی سبھی امور کا خیال رکھنا ہوتا ہے۔
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96📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsLegal Sections
Which is not the amendment done to the IPC, 1860 Section 375?
Explanation
Section 375 of the IPC deals exclusively with sexual assault committed by a man against a female. Male children are protected under the POCSO Act, not Section 375 IPC.
آئی پی سی کی دفعہ 375 صرف خواتین کے خلاف جنسی زیادتی کی تعریف کرتی ہے۔ لڑکوں کے تحفظ کے لیے پاکسو (POCSO) قانون ہے، اس لیے دفعہ 375 کا یہ ترمیم لڑکوں کے لیے نہیں ہے۔
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97📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNDPS Act
What section of NDPS Act, 1985 deals with contravention related to cannabis and cannabis plant?
Explanation
Section 20 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 prescribes the punishment for contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis (charas, ganja).
این ڈی پی ایس (NDPS) ایکٹ 1985 کی دفعہ 20 بھنگ کے پودے اور چرس یا گانجہ سے متعلق جرائم اور ان کی سزا سے متعلق ہے۔
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98📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNarcotics
What is not a phenanthrene alkaloid extracted from Opium plant?
Explanation
Opium alkaloids include phenanthrenes (morphine, codeine, thebaine) and benzylisoquinolines (narcotine/noscapine, papaverine). Thus, Narcotine is not a phenanthrene alkaloid.
افیون میں موجود الکلائڈز میں مارفین، کوڈین اور تھیبین فینانتھرین کلاس سے ہیں، جبکہ نارکوٹین (Narcotine) بینزائل آئیسوکوئنولین کلاس سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔
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99📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNarcotics
Cocaine is extracted from plant belonging to family
Explanation
Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylum coca plant (family Erythroxylaceae). Erythroxylum is the genus name representing this botanical source.
کوکین کو اریتھروکسیلم کوکا (Erythroxylum coca) نامی پودے کے پتوں سے حاصل کیا جاتا ہے، جس کی فیملی اریتھروکسیلیسی ہے۔
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100📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNarcotics
What is an example of synthetic drug?
Explanation
Barbiturates (like phenobarbital) are fully synthetic sedative-hypnotic drugs. Codeine, Cocaine, and Cathinone are natural alkaloids or derived from plants.
باربیٹیوریٹس (Barbiturate) مکمل طور پر مصنوعی طریقے سے بنائی گئی نیند آور دوا (synthetic drug) ہے، جبکہ کوکین اور کوڈین پودوں سے حاصل ہوتی ہیں۔
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101📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyCrime Scene Management
Primary evaluation as done by the First Responder should include
Explanation
A first responder's initial assessment (primary evaluation) must establish the size/scope of the incident, identify what emergency services are needed, and evaluate hazard/safety concerns.
فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کی ابتدائی تشخیص (Primary evaluation) میں حادثے کا دائرہ کار، درکار ہنگامی خدمات اور جائے وقوعہ پر موجود خطرات کی جانچ (All of the above) شامل ہونی چاہیے۔
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102📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyPetroleum Products
Which of the following apparatus can be used to estimate flashpoint?
Explanation
All these instruments (Cleveland Open Cup, Abel Apparatus, and Pensky-Martens Closed Cup) are standard laboratory equipment used to determine the flash point of petroleum products.
کلیولینڈ اوپن کپ، ایبل اپریٹس اور پینسکی مارٹن کلوزڈ کپ یہ تمام آلات (All of the above) پٹرولیم اشیاء کا فلیش پوائنٹ معلوم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
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103📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyAmino Acids
The main principle behind Ninhydrin test is:
Explanation
The Ninhydrin test is a redox reaction where amino acids are oxidatively deaminated by ninhydrin (which is reduced to hydrindantin), forming a purple Ruhemann's complex.
ننہائڈرن ٹیسٹ (Ninhydrin test) ریڈوکس ری ایکشن (Redox reaction) پر مبنی ہے جہاں امینو ایسڈ آکسیڈائز ہوتے ہیں اور ننہائڈرن خود ریڈیوس ہو کر جامنی رنگ بناتا ہے۔
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104📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryPhotochemistry
Photochemical process includes
Explanation
All listed processes are photochemical (driven by light absorption): photosynthesis in plants, vitamin D synthesis in skin, and photo-degradation of plastic polymers.
روشنی جذب ہونے سے ہونے والے کیمیائی عمل (Photochemical process) میں فوٹو سنتھیسز، وٹامن ڈی کی تیاری اور پلاسٹک کا خراب ہونا سبھی شامل ہیں (All A, B and C)۔
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105📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryChromatography
What is the full form for the ODS column used in HPLC?
Explanation
The ODS column in HPLC stands for Octadecyl Silane (C18), which is the most widely used stationary phase for reversed-phase chromatography.
HPLC میں استعمال ہونے والے او ڈی ایس (ODS) کالم کا پورا نام آکٹا ڈیسائل سائلین (Octa Decyl Silane) ہے، جسے C18 کالم بھی کہتے ہیں۔
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106📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsWeb Security
Which of the following explains the nature of Cookies?
Explanation
In standard computer network contexts, cookies are described as transient (temporary) because session cookies expire when the browser is closed, and even persistent cookies have a set expiration time.
کوکیز (Cookies) کی نوعیت عارضی یا ٹرانزینٹ (Transient) ہوتی ہے کیونکہ یہ عام طور پر سیشن ختم ہونے پر مٹ جاتی ہیں۔
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107📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsWeb Security
Which of the following is a Boolean cookie attribute?
Explanation
'Secure' is a Boolean attribute (flag) for cookies. When set, it restricts the transmission of the cookie to secure (HTTPS) connections only.
سیکیور (Secure) کوکی کا ایک بولین (Boolean) وصف ہے؛ اگر یہ لاگو ہو تو کوکی صرف سیکیور کنکشن (HTTPS) پر ہی بھیجی جائے گی۔
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108📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsNetworking
Abbreviation of DNS is
Explanation
DNS stands for Domain Name System, which translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses.
ڈی ان ایس (DNS) کا پورا نام ڈومین نیم سسٹم (Domain Name System) ہے۔
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109📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsSubnetting
The subnet mask for a particular network is 255.255.31.0. Which of the following pairs of IP addresses could belong to this network?
Explanation
With subnet mask 255.255.31.0, bitwise ANDing of 129 (10000001) and 31 (00011111) gives 1, and 161 (10100001) and 31 gives 1. Thus, both 128.8.129.43 and 128.8.161.55 share the same subnet prefix (128.8.1.0).
دیے گئے آپشنز میں سے صرف آپشن C کے دونوں آئی پی ایڈریس 255.255.31.0 ماسک کے تحت ایک ہی نیٹ ورک سے تعلق رکھتے ہیں (دونوں کا نیٹ ورک ایڈریس 128.8.1.0 بنتا ہے)۔
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110📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsSubnetting
A subnet has been assigned a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. What is the maximum number of hosts that can belong to this subnet?
Explanation
The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 leaves 6 bits for the host ID (32 - 26 = 6 bits). The maximum number of assignable hosts is 2^6 - 2 = 62 (excluding network and broadcast addresses).
سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.192 میں ہوسٹ کے لیے 6 بٹس بچتے ہیں، جس سے کل ہوسٹس کی تعداد 2^6 - 2 = 62 بنتی ہے۔
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111📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsNetworking Devices
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to a transparent bridge and a router?
Explanation
The statement in Option B is reversed: a bridge works at Layer 2 and uses MAC addresses, whereas a router works at Layer 3 and uses IP addresses. Therefore, Option B is NOT true.
دوسرا بیان (B) غلط ہے کیونکہ برِج میک (MAC) ایڈریس کا استعمال کرتا ہے اور راؤٹر آئی پی (IP) ایڈریس کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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112📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsWireless Networks
Which media access control protocol is used by IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN?
Explanation
IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to manage medium access and avoid collisions on the wireless medium.
وائرلیس ایل اے این (IEEE 802.11) میں میڈیا ایکسیس کنٹرول کے لیے CSMA/CA پروٹوکول کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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113📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsData Communication
The telephone network is a good example of
Explanation
The telephone network is a full-duplex system because both parties can transmit and receive audio signals simultaneously over the same channel.
ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک فل ڈوپلیکس (Full duplex) کی ایک بہترین مثال ہے کیونکہ اس میں دونوں طرف سے بیک وقت بات چیت ہو سکتی ہے۔
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114📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsIP Addressing
The length of address in IPv6 is
Explanation
An IPv6 address has a length of 128 bits, providing a vastly larger address space compared to the 32-bit address space of IPv4.
آئی پی ورژن 6 (IPv6) ایڈریس کی لمبائی 128 بٹس ہوتی ہے۔
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115📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsVPN Protocols
Which of the following is not a VPN protocol?
Explanation
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) is an older encapsulation protocol for serial ports, not a Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocol. PPTP, L2F, and IPSec are VPN tunneling protocols.
سلپ (SLIP) ایک پرانا لنک لیئر پروٹوکول ہے اور یہ وی پی این (VPN) پروٹوکول نہیں ہے، جبکہ باقی تمام وی پی این پروٹوکول ہیں۔
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116📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsCryptographic Protocols
Typically, _____ can receive application data from any application layer protocol, but the protocol is normally HTTP.
Explanation
Both SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) reside at the transport/session layer and can secure any application-layer protocol, although HTTP is the most common use case (resulting in HTTPS).
ایس ایس ایل (SSL) اور ٹی ایل ایس (TLS) دونوں ہی کسی بھی ایپلی کیشن لیئر پروٹوکول سے ڈیٹا حاصل کر سکتے ہیں، حالانکہ عام طور پر یہ ایچ ٹی ٹی پی (HTTP) ہوتا ہے۔
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117📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsEmail Security
One security protocol for the e-mail system is
Explanation
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is an email encryption protocol that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication. SSL/TLS are general transport protocols, and IPSec operates at the network layer.
ای میل سیکیورٹی کے لیے پی جی پی (Pretty Good Privacy) پروٹوکول کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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118📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsNetworking
PDU stands for
Explanation
PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit, which represents a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities of a computer network (e.g. segments in TCP, packets in IP, frames in Ethernet).
پی ڈی یو (PDU) کا مخفف پروٹوکول ڈیٹا یونٹ (Protocol data unit) ہے۔
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119📚Computer Hardware & Operating SystemsCryptographic Protocols
SSL provides
Explanation
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) provides confidentiality (via symmetric encryption), integrity (via Message Authentication Codes/HMAC), and also supports data compression.
ایس ایس ایل (SSL) ڈیٹا کی رازداری (Confidentiality)، سالمیت (Integrity) اور کمپریشن (Compression) تمام خدمات فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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120📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityIP Addressing
Convert the given binary notation IP address to dotted-decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111
Explanation
Converting each 8-bit binary octet to decimal: 10000000 = 128, 00001011 = 11, 00000011 = 3, 00011111 = 31. Thus, the address is 128.11.3.31.
دی گئی بائنری نوٹیشن کو ڈیسیمل میں تبدیل کرنے پر آئی پی ایڈریس 128.11.3.31 بنتا ہے۔
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121📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityHash Functions
Which one of the following is not an application of hash function?
Explanation
Key wrapping uses symmetric encryption to wrap/protect cryptographic keys. Hash functions are extensively applied in one-way password storage, file integrity checking for virus detection, and intrusion detection (generating alerts for modified files).
کی ریپنگ (Key wrapping) سمیٹرک انکرپشن کا حصہ ہے، یہ ہیش فنکشن کا بنیادی اطلاق نہیں ہے۔
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122📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetworking
Identify the service which is used to translate a domain name to IP address.
Explanation
DNS (Domain Name System) is the hierarchical and decentralized naming system used to resolve human-readable hostnames into numeric IP addresses.
ڈی این ایس (DNS) ڈومین نیم کو آئی پی ایڈریس میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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123📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityLinux Commands
Identify the command which is used to create Linux File systems.
Explanation
The `mkfs` (make filesystem) command in Linux is used to build a specific filesystem (like ext4) on a partition or storage device.
لینکس میں نیا فائل سسٹم بنانے کے لیے mkfs (make file system) کمانڈ استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
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124📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityLinux Commands
Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?
Explanation
The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).
لینکس میں فائلوں کو دکھانے اور بنانے کے لیے 'cat' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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125📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityLinux Commands
Which Linux command is used to see all the hidden files?
Explanation
In Linux, running `ls -a` (list all) displays all files and directories in the directory, including hidden files (those starting with a dot).
لینکس میں چھپی ہوئی (hidden) فائلوں کو دیکھنے کے لیے 'ls -a' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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126📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityWeb Servers
Identify among the following which is mainly used to host web site.
Explanation
A web server is a software and hardware system designed to store, process, and deliver website pages to clients over the HTTP/HTTPS protocols.
वेब سائیٹس کی ہوسٹنگ کے لیے بنیادی طور پر ویب سرور (Web server) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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127📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityWeb Protocols
HTTPS is stand for
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which is HTTP layered over TLS or SSL to provide encrypted, authenticated network communication.
ایچ ٹی ٹی پی ایس (HTTPS) کا پورا نام ہائپر ٹیکسٹ ٹرانسفر پروٹوکول سیکیور (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ہے۔
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128📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetwork History
Identify the first network which was based on TCP/IP protocol.
Explanation
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) adopted the TCP/IP protocol suite on January 1, 1983, becoming the first network to operate on TCP/IP.
دنیا کا پہلا نیٹ ورک جو ٹی سی پی/آئی پی (TCP/IP) پروٹوکول پر مبنی تھا، ارپانیٹ (ARPANET) تھا۔
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129📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityIP Addressing
What is the length of the IPv4 address?
Explanation
An IPv4 address is composed of 32 bits, typically represented in dotted-decimal format (four 8-bit octets separated by decimals).
آئی پی ورژن 4 (IPv4) ایڈریس کی لمبائی 32 بٹس ہوتی ہے۔
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130📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetwork Topologies
The arrangement where all data pass through a central computer is known as
Explanation
In a Star topology, all network nodes are connected to a central hub, switch, or computer, through which all data transmissions must pass.
وہ نیٹ ورک لے آؤٹ جس میں تمام ڈیٹا ایک مرکزی کمپیوٹر سے گزرتا ہے، اسٹار ٹوپولوجی (Star topology) کہلاتا ہے۔
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131📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetwork Protocols
Choose among the following which is a bit-oriented protocol.
Explanation
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol. SSL, HTTP, and HTTPS are character/byte-oriented application/transport protocols.
ایچ ٹی ڈی ایل سی (HDLC) ڈیٹا لنک لیئر کا ایک بٹ اورینٹڈ (bit-oriented) پروٹوکول ہے۔
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132📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityFirewalls
What is a proxy server also known as?
Explanation
An application-level gateway (or application proxy) acts as a proxy server to filter incoming/outgoing traffic at the application layer of the OSI model.
پراکسی سرور کو ایپلی کیشن لیل گیٹ وے (Application-level gateway) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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133📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityRouting Protocols
What is routing algorithm used by OSPF routing protocol?
Explanation
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a Link-State routing protocol that uses the link-state routing algorithm (Dijkstra's SPF algorithm) to find the shortest path.
او ایس پی ایف (OSPF) پروٹوکول نیٹ ورک روٹنگ کے لیے لنک اسٹیٹ (Link state) الگورتھم کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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134📚Computer Networks & Internet SecuritySubnetting
What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address 200.10.5.68/28?
Explanation
A /28 prefix corresponds to subnet mask 255.255.255.240. Binary bitwise AND of host octet 68 (01000100) and mask 240 (11110000) gives 64 (01000000). Thus, the subnet address is 200.10.5.64.
ہوسٹ آئی پی 200.10.5.68/28 کے سب نیٹ کا پتہ 200.10.5.64 بنتا ہے کیونکہ 28 بٹ کا سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.240 ہے۔
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135📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityIP Addressing
To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you ping?
Explanation
The IP address 127.0.0.1 is the standard loopback address reserved to test the TCP/IP protocol stack on the local host.
اپنے لوکل ہوسٹ کے نیٹ ورک اسٹیک کو چیک کرنے کے لیے لوپ بیک ایڈریس 127.0.0.1 پر پنگ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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136📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetworking Organizations
IANA stands for
Explanation
IANA stands for Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, a standard standards body responsible for global coordination of IP addressing, DNS root zone management, and protocol symbols.
آئی اے این اے (IANA) کا مخفف انٹرنیٹ اسائنڈ نمبرز اتھارٹی (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) ہے۔
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137📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryFirewalls
Which firewall remembers the information about the previously passed packets?
Explanation
Stateful firewalls monitor and keep track of the state of active network connections (using a state table) to filter incoming and outgoing packets based on connection history.
اسٹیٹ فل فائر وال (Stateful firewalls) اپنے پاس سے گزرنے والے پچھلے پیکٹس کی معلومات اور سیشن اسٹیٹ کو یاد رکھتی ہے۔
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138📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryFirewalls
Network layer firewall works as a
Explanation
A network layer firewall filters traffic based on network packet headers (IP addresses, protocol type, ports), functioning primarily as a packet filter.
نیٹ ورک لیئر فائر وال بنیادی طور پر پیکٹ فلٹر (Packet filter) کے طور پر کام کرتی ہے۔
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139📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryFirewalls
The security device which installed between two networks (internal network to outside network) for controlling the flow of traffic into and out of network is known as
Explanation
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.
دو نیٹ ورکس کے درمیان ٹریفک کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے لگایا جانے والا حفاظتی آلہ فائر وال (Firewall) کہلاتا ہے۔
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140📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryWireless Networks
The IEEE 802.11 defines basic service set as a building block of wireless
Explanation
The Basic Service Set (BSS) is the fundamental building block of an IEEE 802.11 wireless Local Area Network (LAN).
آئی ای ای ای 802.11 (IEEE 802.11) وائرلیس لوکل ایریا نیٹ ورک (LAN) کی تعمیراتی اکائی کے طور پر کام کرتا ہے۔
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141📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryIP Addressing
Which one is the natural mask for a class C Network?
Explanation
The natural (default) subnet mask for Class C network ranges is 255.255.255.0 (/24 prefix length).
کلاس سی نیٹ ورک کا ڈیفالٹ یا قدرتی سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.0 ہوتا ہے۔
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142📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetworking Devices
If the systems use different protocols, which one of the following devices is used to link two systems?
Explanation
A Gateway is a network device used to connect two systems that use different protocols, performing translation/conversion between them at all layers of the OSI model.
جب دو سسٹمز الگ الگ پروٹوکول استعمال کرتے ہیں تو انہیں جوڑنے کے لیے گیٹ وے (Gateway) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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143📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetwork Protocols
What is the standard form of SNMP?
Explanation
SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol, a standard Internet protocol used to collect, organize, and manage information from managed devices on IP networks.
ایس این ایم پی (SNMP) کا پورا نام سمپل نیٹ ورک مینجمنٹ پروٹوکول (Simple Network Management Protocol) ہے۔
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144📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetwork Topologies
Number of cables required connect 'n' device using Mesh Topology is
Explanation
In a fully connected mesh topology containing n devices, each device connects to n-1 other devices. The total number of simplex/physical links is n * (n - 1) / 2.
میش ٹوپولوجی (Mesh Topology) میں n آلات کو آپس میں جوڑنے کے لیے کل n(n-1)/2 کیبلز کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔
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145📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryIP Addressing
Which of the following is a necessary part of the IPv6 datagram?
Explanation
The base header is a mandatory, fixed-size 40-byte header that must be present in every IPv6 datagram, whereas extension headers are optional.
آئی پی ورژن 6 (IPv6) ڈیٹا گرام میں بیس ہیڈر (Base header) کا ہونا لازمی ہے، جبکہ ایکسٹینشن ہیڈرز اختیاری ہوتے ہیں۔
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146📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetwork Services
FTP uses port number _____ for control connection.
Explanation
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) uses TCP port 21 to establish and manage control connections (sending commands), while port 20 is used for data transfer.
ایف ٹی پی (FTP) کنٹرول سیشن قائم کرنے کے لیے پورٹ نمبر 21 کا استعمال کرتا ہے، جبکہ ڈیٹا ٹرانسفر پورٹ 20 پر ہوتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
147📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryOperating Systems
Which of the following is not an operating system?
Explanation
Oracle is a multinational technology corporation known primarily for its Database Management System (DBMS), not an operating system. Linux, DOS, and Windows are OS.
اوریکل (Oracle) ایک ڈیٹا بیس اور سافٹ ویئر کمپنی ہے، یہ آپریٹنگ سسٹم نہیں ہے جبکہ ونڈوز اور لینکس آپریٹنگ سسٹمز ہیں۔
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148📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetworking
How many digits of the Data Network Identification Code (DNIC) identify the country?
Explanation
A DNIC is a 4-digit number. The first three digits represent the Country Code (Data Country Code - DCC), and the fourth digit specifies the data network within that country.
ڈیٹا نیٹ ورک آئیڈینٹی فکیشن کوڈ (DNIC) کے پہلے تین ہندسے (First three digits) ملک کی شناخت کرتے ہیں۔
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149📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryCyber Attacks
Which of the below is a popular victim of cyber attackers looking to gain the IP address of a target or victim user?
Explanation
Websites are common tools used by attackers to log visitor connections. By redirecting victims to a specific web server, attackers can easily capture and inspect the victim's source IP address in server access logs.
حملہ آور عام طور پر صارفین کا آئی پی ایڈریس حاصل کرنے کے لیے ویب سائٹس (Websites) کو نشانہ بناتے ہیں یا خود جعلی ویب سائٹ بناتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
150📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryNetwork Services
What is a single entrance for multiple connectivity's called?
Explanation
A directory service (like Active Directory) is a single, centralized database system that acts as a single point of entry to manage and connect multiple network services and users.
نیٹ ورک میں بہت سارے کنکشنز اور وسائل تک رسائی کے لیے استعمال ہونے والی واحد داخلی خدمت کو ڈائریکٹری سروس (Directory service) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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151📚Cryptography & Network SecurityDigital Evidence
A network sniffer program is an example of.
Explanation
In legal and digital forensics contexts, a software utility (such as a packet sniffer) used to execute a crime (intercepting password data) is classified as 'Information as an instrumentality' of the crime.
نیٹ ورک اسنفر سافٹ ویئر نیٹ ورک ٹریفک کی جاسوسی کا ایک ذریعہ یا آلہ ہے، جسے انفارمیشن یا سافٹ ویئر بحیثیت آلہ کار (Information as an instrumentality) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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152📚Cryptography & Network SecurityCybersecurity Tools
Which of the following is a session hijacking tool?
Explanation
T-Sight is a commercial security and network sniffing utility used for session hijacking and active monitoring. Wireshark is a packet analyzer, Maltego is OSINT, and Nessus is a vulnerability scanner.
ٹی-سائٹ (T-Sight) ایک مشہور سیشن ہائی جیکنگ اور نیٹ ورک مانیٹرنگ ٹول ہے۔
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153📚Cryptography & Network SecurityIntrusion Detection Systems
What are characteristics of stack-based IDS?
Explanation
Stack-based IDSs are integrated directly into the host TCP/IP stack, allowing them to watch packets as they are processed through the network layer stack.
اسٹیک بیسڈ آئی ڈی ایس (IDS) ٹی سی پی/آئی پی اسٹیک کے ساتھ گہرائی سے جڑا ہوتا ہے اور وہاں سے گزرنے والے پیکٹس کی نگرانی کرتا ہے۔
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154📚Cryptography & Network SecurityCloud Computing
Which of the following is the most refined and restrictive cloud service model?
Explanation
SaaS (Software as a Service) is the most refined and restrictive model for users because the provider manages all infrastructure, platforms, and software configuration, leaving users with only software application access.
سافت ویئر ایز اے سروس (SaaS) کلاؤڈ سروس کا سب سے محدود اور کنٹرولڈ ماڈل ہے جہاں صارف صرف سافٹ ویئر استعمال کر سکتا ہے۔
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155📚Cryptography & Network SecurityCloud Security
Which of the following is the standard for interoperable cloud-based key management?
Explanation
KMIP (Key Management Interoperability Protocol) is a standard developed by OASIS to ensure interoperability between key management servers and clients.
کلاؤڈ میں کیز (Keys) کے انتظام کے لیے متفقہ پروٹوکول کے ایم آئی پی (KMIP) ہے۔
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156📚Cryptography & Network SecuritySQL Injection
Which will be useful to detect SQL Injection attacks?
Explanation
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) inspects incoming network payloads against known attack signatures to detect malicious activities, including SQL Injection attacks.
نیٹ ورک میں ایس کیو ایل انجیکشن حملوں کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے انٹروژن ڈیٹیکشن سسٹم (Intrusion Detection System) انتہائی مفید ہے۔
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157📚Cryptography & Network SecuritySQL Injection
Which of the following statement is TRUE about SQL Injection?
Explanation
SQL Injection is a code injection technique used to penetrate applications by executing arbitrary SQL commands through user inputs.
ایس کیو ایل انجیکشن کے بارے میں یہ سچ ہے کہ یہ ایک کوڈ انجیکشن یا کوڈ پینیٹریشن ٹیکنیک (Code Penetration Technique) ہے۔
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158📚Cryptography & Network SecurityNetwork Forensics
The process of collection of network device logs is known as
Explanation
In network forensics, collecting data and logs directly from running network devices (routers, switches, firewalls) is known as Active Acquisition.
نیٹ ورک ڈیوائسز کے لاگز کو جمع کرنے کے عمل کو ڈیجیٹل فارنسک کی اصطلاح میں ایکٹو ایکوزیشن (Active acquisition) کہتے ہیں۔
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159📚Cryptography & Network SecurityNetworking
ATM uses
Explanation
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing (ATDM) to multiplex cell streams over physical links.
اے ٹی ایم (ATM) نیٹ ورک ڈیٹا کی منتقلی کے لیے اسینکرونس ٹائم ڈویژن ملٹی پلیکسنگ (Asynchronous time division multiplexing) کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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160📚Cryptography & Network SecurityNetworking
An ATM switch at the boundary of the network usually uses _____ for routing.
Explanation
At the UNI boundary of an ATM network, switches translate and route cells using both Virtual Path Identifiers (VPIs) and Virtual Channel Identifiers (VCIs) to map connections.
نیٹ ورک کی سرحد پر موجود ATM سوئچ روٹنگ کے لیے VPI اور VCI دونوں کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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161📚Cryptography & Network SecurityWireless Networks
Which modulations scheme is used by Bluetooth technology?
Explanation
Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) technology uses GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation to transmit data over its 79 RF channels.
بلوٹوتھ ٹیکنالوجی سگنل منتقل کرنے کے لیے GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) موڈولیشن کا استعمال کرتی ہے۔
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162📚Cryptography & Network SecurityWireless Networks
Which one of the following enables us to use the entire bandwidth simultaneously?
Explanation
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) enables multiple users to utilize the entire allocated frequency bandwidth simultaneously by separating user signals with unique codes.
سی ڈی ایم اے (CDMA) ٹیکنالوجی تمام صارفین کو بیک وقت پورا بینڈوتھ استعمال کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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163📚Cryptography & Network SecurityWireless Networks
Which of the following is not true about TDMA?
Explanation
In TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), a single carrier frequency is shared among multiple users using distinct time slots, rather than being dedicated to a single user.
پہلا بیان (A) غلط ہے کیونکہ ٹی ڈی ایم اے (TDMA) میں ایک ہی فریکوئنسی چینل کو وقت کے حصوں میں بانٹ کر متعدد صارفین استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
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164📚Cryptography & Network SecurityWireless Networks
_____ synchronization overhead is required in TDMA due to _____ transmission.
Explanation
TDMA requires high synchronization overhead (guard times and sync bits) because transmission occurs in short, discontinuous bursts which must align perfectly in time slots.
ٹی ڈی ایم اے میں برسٹ (burst) ٹرانسمیشن کی وجہ سے سگنل ملانے کے لیے زیادہ سنکرونائزیشن اوور ہیڈ (High, burst) درکار ہوتا ہے۔
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165📚Cryptography & Network SecurityWireless Calculations
A TDMA system uses 25 MHz for the forward link, which is broken into radio channels of 200, kHz. If 8 speech channels are supported on a single radio channel, how many simultaneous users can be accommodated?
Explanation
Number of radio channels = 25 MHz / 200 kHz = 25,000 / 200 = 125. Since each channel supports 8 users, total simultaneous users = 125 * 8 = 1000.
حل کرنے پر: 25 میگا ہرٹز کو 200 کلو ہرٹز کے چینلز میں تقسیم کرنے سے 125 چینلز ملتے ہیں، اور ہر چینل پر 8 صارفین کے لحاظ سے کل 1000 صارفین بنتے ہیں۔
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166📚Cyber Law, IT Act & Digital ForensicsCyber Crimes
Which among the following characteristics are correct about cyberstalking?
Explanation
Cyberstalking is specifically defined as the use of the Internet, email, or other electronic communication devices to stalk or harass another person.
سائبر اسٹاکنگ (cyberstalking) کا مطلب انٹرنیٹ یا الیکٹرانک آلات کا استعمال کر کے کسی شخص یا گروہ کو ہراساں کرنا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
167📚Cyber Law, IT Act & Digital ForensicsCyber Crimes
What are the means used for stalking by a cyber stalker?
Explanation
A cyberstalker uses electronic communication channels like emails, direct messages, social media, phone calls, and filesharing/airdrop to harass victims.
سائبر اسٹاکر گواہ یا شکار کو ہراساں کرنے کے لیے ای میلز، فون کالز اور پیغامات (Emails, messages, etc.) کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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168📚Cyber Law, IT Act & Digital ForensicsSocial Engineering
Part of the social media sites are the various games & third-party applications which helps _____ to get access to your data.
Explanation
Malicious games and third-party apps on social networks are frequently deployed by cyber-criminals to harvest user profile data and spread malware.
سوشل میڈیا پر گیمز اور فریق ثالث (third-party) کی ایپلی کیشنز اکثر سائبر مجرموں (Cyber-criminals) کو آپ کا ڈیٹا چرانے میں مدد کرتی ہے۔
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169📚Cyber Law, IT Act & Digital ForensicsInformation Security
Many social media sites and services provide _____ for legitimate account verification.
Explanation
Two-step (or two-factor) verification is standardly provided by social media services to authenticate the identity of the legitimate account holder during logins.
سوشل میڈیا سائٹس اکاؤنٹ کی سیکیورٹی اور تصدیق کے لیے ٹو-اسٹیپ ویریفکیشن (2-step verification) کی سہولت دیتی ہیں۔
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170📚Cyber Law, IT Act & Digital ForensicsIT Act
Which is the Act which provides legal framework for e-Governance in India?
Explanation
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000) provides the legal framework for e-governance in India by validating digital signatures and electronic records.
بھارت میں ای-گورننس (e-Governance) کے لیے قانونی ڈھانچہ فراہم کرنے والا بنیادی قانون انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ایکٹ 2000 (IT Act 2000) ہے۔
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171📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
The following steps are carried out during crime scene processing.
i. Collect
ii. Process and preserve
iii. Record
iv. Observe
Which is the right order beginning from the first step?
Explanation
The standard sequence of crime scene processing is to first Observe (iv) the scene, Record (iii) it through notes, sketches, and photos, Collect (i) the physical evidence, and finally Process and preserve (ii) the evidence and scene details.
کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کا صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے مشاہدہ کرنا (Observe - iv)، پھر ریکارڈ کرنا (Record - iii)، پھر نمونے جمع کرنا (Collect - i)، اور آخر میں پروسیس اور محفوظ کرنا (Process and preserve - ii)۔ یعنی iv، iii، i، ii۔
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172📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsBiometrics
Which of the following is an example of behavioural biometrics?
Explanation
Behavioral biometrics measure patterns of human activities. Handwriting, signature dynamics, keystroke dynamics, and gait are behavioral, while iris, lip prints, and nail beds are physiological biometrics.
انفرادی رویے کی پیمائش کرنے والے بائیومیٹرکس کو ہیبیچوئل یا بیہیویورل بائیومیٹرکس کہا جاتا ہے۔ لکھاوٹ (Handwriting) اس کی ایک مثال ہے، جبکہ آئیرس اور لپ پرنٹ جسمانی بائیومیٹرکس ہیں۔
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173📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?
Explanation
The double strip search method (also known as the grid search method) involves searching along parallel strips and then repeating the process perpendicular to the first path, making it extremely thorough.
ڈبل اسٹرپ طریقہ (یا گرڈ تلاش کا طریقہ) کرائم سین پر شواہد تلاش کرنے کا ایک انتہائی تفصیلی اور منظم طریقہ ہے۔
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174📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Consider the following duties of the first responding officer.
i. Barricade the crime scene
ii. Compile data from the scene
iii. Attend to any injured people/survivors
iv. Remove and detain witnesses/suspects from crime scene
Arrange the duties in chronological order starting from the first duty
Explanation
The first priority of the responding officer is to preserve life by attending to the injured (iii). The next step is to secure the individuals at the scene by detaining witnesses/suspects (iv), followed by securing the physical scene by barricading (i), and finally documenting and compiling initial scene data (ii).
سب سے پہلے زخمیوں کو طبی امداد فراہم کرنا (iii)، پھر گواہوں یا مشتبہ افراد کو قابو کرنا (iv)، پھر کرائم سین کو بیریکیڈ کر کے سیل کرنا (i) اور آخر میں ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنا (ii) ترجیحی ترتیب ہے۔
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175📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Reconstruction
In crime scene reconstruction, what does "conjecture" mean?
Explanation
In the process of crime scene reconstruction, a conjecture refers to a preliminary, working hypothesis or possible explanation formulated before comprehensive and detailed laboratory analysis is completed.
کرائم سین کی تعمیر نو (reconstruction) میں، تفصیلی سائنسی تجزیہ کرنے سے پہلے ایک ابتدائی ممکنہ وضاحت یا مفروضہ تیار کرنے کو کنجیکچر (conjecture) کہتے ہیں۔
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176📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCrime Scene Sketching
Which of the following sketches shows a side view for example perspective of a wall looking from the side?
Explanation
An elevated sketch (or elevation view) depicts a vertical plane, showing a side-on view of the scene, such as a wall containing bullet holes or blood spatter patterns.
ایلیویٹڈ ویو (Elevated view) وہ خاکہ ہے جو کرائم سین کا سائیڈ ویو دکھاتا ہے، جیسے دیوار پر موجود گولیوں یا خون کے نشانات۔
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177📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyForensic Law
Which of the following evidences are NOT accepted in the Indian Legal system or admissible in court?
Explanation
In the landmark judgment Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court of India ruled that lie-detector tests (polygraphy, narco-analysis, brain mapping) cannot be admitted as evidence unless voluntarily undertaken, and even then, results are generally not substantively admissible. DNA, fingerprints, and autopsy reports are widely accepted.
ہندوستانی قانونی نظام میں پولی گرافی (جھوٹ پکڑنے کا ٹیسٹ) کے نتائج کو عدالت میں ثبوت کے طور پر قبول نہیں کیا جاتا، جبکہ ڈی این اے، فنگر پرنٹ اور پوسٹ مارٹم رپورٹس مکمل طور پر قابل قبول ہیں۔
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178📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyBiochemistry
Fetal hemoglobin is made up of four protein chains. They are
Explanation
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the main oxygen transport protein in human fetuses, consisting of two alpha (a) chains and two gamma (g) chains (a2g2). Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains two alpha and two beta (b) chains.
جنین کا ہیموگلوبن (Fetal hemoglobin) چار پروٹین چینز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے، جو کہ 2 الفا اور 2 گاما (gamma) زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں۔
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179📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyBiochemistry
What type of amylase does the human saliva constitute?
Explanation
Human saliva contains salivary alpha-amylase (ptyalin), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in starch.
انسانی لعاب (saliva) میں الفا-ایمیلیز (alpha-amylase) انزائم پایا جاتا ہے جو نشاستے کو توڑنے کا کام شروع کرتا ہے۔
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180📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyMolecular Biology
After 6 cycles of PCR amplification process, how many number of DNA copies would be generated under ideal conditions?
Explanation
Under ideal PCR conditions, DNA amplification is exponential, represented by 2^n, where n is the number of cycles. For 6 cycles, 2^6 = 64 copies are generated.
پی سی آر (PCR) میں نمونے کی تعداد 2^n کے تناسب سے بڑھتی ہے۔ 6 سائیکلز کے بعد ڈی این اے کاپیوں کی تعداد 2^6 = 64 ہوگی۔
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181📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyDNA Extraction
Arrange the steps of organic DNA extraction method in order
i. Ethanol precipitation
ii. Cellular lysis
iii. PCI treatment
iv. Gel electrophoresis
Explanation
The organic DNA extraction protocol follows this sequence: cellular lysis (ii) to break open cell membranes, Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) treatment (iii) to separate proteins from DNA, ethanol precipitation (i) to concentrate DNA, and gel electrophoresis (iv) to analyze the quality/quantity of the isolated DNA.
ڈی این اے نکالنے (extraction) کا صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے خلیات کو توڑنا (Cellular lysis - ii)، پھر پی سی آئی (PCI) ٹریٹمنٹ کے ذریعے پروٹین الگ کرنا (iii)، پھر ایتھنول پریسیپیٹیشن (i) اور آخر میں جیل الیکٹروفورسس (iv)۔
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182📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyPopulation Genetics
How would you calculate the locus genotype frequency for a heterozygous locus with allele frequencies p and q for human STR genotyping?
Explanation
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency of a heterozygous genotype for two alleles with frequencies p and q is calculated as 2pq.
ہارڈی وینبرگ قانون کے تحت ہیٹروزائگس (heterozygous) لوکس کے لیے جینو ٹائپ کی فریکوئنسی کا فارمولا 2pq ہے۔
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183📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyAnatomy
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?
Explanation
A sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon. The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body.
سیسامائڈ ہڈی (sesamoid bone) وہ ہڈی ہے جو ٹینڈن کے اندر ابھرتی ہے۔ پٹیلا (Patella - گھٹنے کی ہڈی) انسانی جسم میں اس کی سب سے بڑی مثال ہے۔
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184📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesForensic Biology
In what way, the presence of plant peroxidases may affect the result of Kastle-Meyer assay?
Explanation
The Kastle-Meyer (KM) test is a catalytic color test for blood. Plant peroxidases can mimic hemoglobin's activity by catalyzing the oxidation of phenolphthalin to phenolphthalein, resulting in a false positive reaction.
کیسٹل میئر ٹیسٹ (خون کی جانچ) میں پودوں کے انزائمز (peroxidases) بھی ہیموگلوبن کی طرح رنگ پیدا کر سکتے ہیں، جس سے غلط مثبت (false positive) نتیجہ ملتا ہے۔
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185📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesGenetics
In what year was the Human Genome Project completed?
Explanation
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was officially completed and declared closed in April 2003, having sequenced 99% of the euchromatic human genome.
انسانی جینوم پروجیکٹ (Human Genome Project) کا کام باضابطہ طور پر سال 2003 میں مکمل ہوا تھا۔
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186📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesGenetics
In snapdragons, a cross between a red flower plant and a white flower plant produces a heterozygote that has pink flowers. This is an example of
Explanation
Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes (e.g. pink flowers in snapdragons from red and white parents).
سنیپ ڈریگن میں سرخ اور سفید پھولوں کے ملاپ سے گلابی پھولوں کا بننا نامکمل غلبہ (Incomplete dominance) کی مثال ہے۔
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187📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Biology
What fluid accounts for 60% of the seminal fluid?
Explanation
Seminal vesicle fluid constitutes approximately 60% to 70% of the total volume of human semen, containing fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins.
سیمن (semen) کے کل حجم کا تقریباً 60 فیصد حصہ سیمینل ویزیکل سیال (Seminal vesicle fluid) پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
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188📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Biology
What component of the sweat can be used for performing a confirmatory assay?
Explanation
Dermcidin is an antimicrobial peptide expressed and secreted specifically by human eccrine sweat glands, serving as a highly specific biomarker for the identification of sweat.
پسینے کی تصدیقی جانچ (confirmatory assay) کے لیے ڈرمیسیڈن (Dermicidin) پروٹین کو بطور مارکر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے، جو صرف پسینے کے غدود سے خارج ہوتا ہے۔
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189📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Biology
Which of the following statement is FALSE?
Explanation
In human hair, the cortex constitutes the bulk of the hair shaft, and the medulla is very narrow (occupying less than 1/3rd of the shaft's diameter). Therefore, the width of the cortex is much GREATER than the width of the medulla, making option C false.
انسانی بال میں کارٹیکس (cortex) کا حصہ میڈولا (medulla) سے بہت زیادہ بڑا ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے یہ کہنا غلط ہے کہ کارٹیکس کی چوڑائی میڈولا کی چوڑائی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C غلط ہے)۔
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190📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyBiochemistry
At what linkage does Human Salivary Amylase cleave in the starch molecule?
Explanation
Human salivary alpha-amylase is an endo-enzyme that specifically cleaves internal alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in starch and glycogen molecules.
انسانی تھوک کا ایمیلیز انزائم نشاستہ (starch) کے مالیکیول میں الفا-1,4 (a1->4) لنکیج کو توڑتا ہے۔
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191📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyMitochondrial DNA
What is the most polymorphic region in human mitochondrial DNA?
Explanation
The D-loop (displacement loop) or control region of human mitochondrial DNA contains the hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2, and HV3), which accumulate mutations rapidly and are the most polymorphic regions used for sequencing.
انسانی مائٹوکونڈریل ڈی این اے (mtDNA) کا سب سے زیادہ متغیر یا پولی مارفک خطہ ڈی-لوپ (D-loop) یا کنٹرول ریجن کہلاتا ہے۔
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192📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyGenetics
In maize, a dominant allele (A) is necessary for seed color, as opposed to colorless (a). Another gene has a recessive allele (w) that results in waxy starch, as opposed to normal starch (W). The two genes segregate independently. An AaWW plant is testcrossed. What are the phenotypes and relative frequencies of offspring?
Explanation
The testcross is AaWW x aaww. Since W is homozygous dominant (WW) in the first parent, all offspring receive a W allele and will have normal starch (Ww). The A gene cross (Aa x aa) yields 1/2 Aa (colored) and 1/2 aa (colorless). Thus, the phenotypic ratio is 1 (colored, normal starch) : 1 (colorless, normal starch).
ٹیسٹ کراس AaWW x aaww میں تمام بچوں کے پاس کم از کم ایک W ایلِیل ہوگا یعنی سب میں نارمل نشاستہ ہوگا۔ A جین کراس (Aa x aa) سے آدھے بچے رنگین (colored) اور آدھے بے رنگ (colorless) ہوں گے۔ اس طرح تناسب 1:1 ہوگا۔
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193📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Management
What is the first step in managing a crime scene?
Explanation
Securing the scene is the immediate first step in crime scene management to prevent contamination, alteration, or loss of evidence.
کرائم سین کی حفاظت اور اسے بیریکیڈ کرنا سب سے پہلا لازمی قدم ہے تاکہ شواہد کو آلودگی، تبدیلی یا ضائع ہونے سے بچایا جا سکے۔
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194📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Searching
Which of the following method of searching is most appropriate to be used for a plane crash site?
Explanation
For a very large, open, and complex site like a plane crash where debris is widely scattered, the Zone (or Sector) search method is most appropriate. The site is split into manageable sectors, and each is searched systematically.
طیارہ حادثہ (plane crash) جیسی بڑی اور وسیع جگہ پر جہاں ملبہ دور دور تک پھیلا ہوتا ہے، زون سرچ (Zone search) کا طریقہ سب سے موزوں ہے، جہاں علاقے کو چھوٹے زونز میں تقسیم کر کے الگ الگ ٹیموں کے ذریعے تلاش کی جاتی ہے۔
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195📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Management
What is the correct sequence of crime scene management?
Explanation
The correct logical order of evidence handling in forensic science is: Collection -> Packaging -> Forwarding -> Transportation -> Analysis. In Option C, this sequence is present (following the hyphenated typos in the exam booklet).
شواہد کی دیکھ بھال کا صحیح قانونی اور فارنزک تسلسل یہ ہے: شواہد اکٹھا کرنا (Collection)، پھر انہیں پیک کرنا (Packaging)، لیبارٹری کو بھیجنے کی منظوری/فارورڈنگ (Forwarding)، پھر ٹرانسپورٹ کرنا (Transportation)، اور آخر میں لیبارٹری میں تجزیہ کرنا (Analysis)۔
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196📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Management
What is the first step at managing the crime scene?
Explanation
Preservation of human life is the absolute highest priority. Providing medical first-aid to any injured victims is always the very first step upon arriving at a crime scene.
انسانی جان بچانا سب سے پہلی ترجیح ہے۔ اسی لیے جائے وقوعہ پر پہنچتے ہی سب سے پہلا قدم زخمیوں کو فوری طبی امداد (first-aid) فراہم کرنا ہوتا ہے۔
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197📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Management
What is the primary function of barricading the crime scene?
Explanation
Barricading restricts unauthorized access to the crime scene, preserving it from contamination, destruction, or alteration of crucial physical evidence by onlookers or personnel.
جائے وقوعہ کو بیریکیڈ کرنے کا بنیادی مقصد عام لوگوں اور غیر متعلقہ افراد کے داخلے کو روکنا ہے تاکہ شواہد کو خراب ہونے یا آلودہ (contamination) ہونے سے بچایا جا سکے۔
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198📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Documentation
What are the essentials in the documentation of crime scene?
Explanation
The four primary methods for documenting a crime scene are photography, notes taking, sketching, and videography. These establish a permanent, visual, and written record of the scene.
جائے وقوعہ کی مستند دستاویز سازی (documentation) کے چار بنیادی طریقے فوٹوگرافی، تفصیلی نوٹس لکھنا، خاکہ (sketch) بنانا، اور ویڈیو بنانا (videography) ہیں۔
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199📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Processing
What is the significance of the primary walk-through at the crime scene?
Explanation
The primary walk-through is the initial survey of the crime scene by the investigator to observe the scene's condition, identify transient or fragile evidence, plan search strategies, and document initial locations.
کرائم سین پر سب سے پہلے کیے جانے والے معائنے (primary walk-through) کا مقصد جائے وقوعہ کی مجموعی حالت کو سمجھنا اور ممکنہ شواہد کی نشاندہی کر کے ان کے مقامات کو ابتدائی طور پر محفوظ کرنا ہے۔
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200📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonQuestioned Documents
What is the full form of ESDA?
Explanation
ESDA stands for Electrostatic Detection Apparatus, which is a specialized forensic instrument used to visualize and create a permanent record of indented writing impressions on paper.
ایس ڈی اے (ESDA) کا پورا نام الیکٹرو سٹیٹک ڈیٹیکشن اپریٹس (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus) ہے، جو کاغذ پر موجود دبی ہوئی لکھاوٹ (indentations) کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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201📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionDermatoglyphics
Statement A: Fingerprints study is also called as Dermatoglyphics
Statement B: Fingerprints of new born babies changes as they grow older
Explanation
Statement A is true (dermatoglyphics is the study of skin ridges). Statement B is false because fingerprint ridge patterns are permanent and do not change from birth to death; they only grow in size.
پہلا بیان (A) صحیح ہے کہ فنگر پرنٹس کے سائنسی مطالعہ کو ڈرمیٹوگلی فکس (Dermatoglyphics) کہتے ہیں۔ دوسرا بیان (B) غلط ہے کیونکہ فنگر پرنٹ عمر کے ساتھ تبدیل نہیں ہوتے، وہ مستقل رہتے ہیں، صرف ان کا سائز بڑھتا ہے۔
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202📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionANOVA Calculations
In an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the performance of three different study techniques, the mean scores are 75, 80, and 85 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall mean is 80, and the total sum of squares is 300. What is the between-group sum of squares?
Explanation
The formula for Between-Group Sum of Squares (SSB) is SSB = sum of n_j (Mean_j - Overall_Mean)^2. Assuming equal group sizes (n = 1 for simplest representation): SSB = 1(75-80)^2 + 1(80-80)^2 + 1(85-80)^2 = (-5)^2 + 0^2 + 5^2 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50.
گروپوں کے درمیان مجموعہِ مربعات (Between-group sum of squares) معلوم کرنے کے لیے، ہر گروپ کے اوسط کو مجموعی اوسط سے گھٹا کر اس کا مربع لیا جاتا ہے: (75-80)^2 + (80-80)^2 + (85-80)^2 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50۔
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203📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionInk Analysis
What are Taggants in inks used as?
Explanation
Taggants are unique chemical or physical markers added to inks by manufacturers during production to allow the identification of the ink brand, formulation, and year of manufacture.
ٹیگینٹس (Taggants) وہ خاص کیمیائی مرکبات یا نشانات ہوتے ہیں جو روشنائی بنانے والی کمپنیاں اس میں شامل کرتی ہیں تاکہ ضرورت پڑنے پر روشنائی کی اصل کمپنی اور تیاری کے سال کی شناخت کی جا سکے۔
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204📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionPrinting Technology History
Arrange the following in ascending chronological order of their appearance:
i. Manual typewriter
ii. Laser printer
iii. Dot-Matrix printer
iv. Inkjet printer
Explanation
The chronological order is: i. Manual Typewriter (1860s/1870s) -> iii. Dot-Matrix Printer (1970) -> iv. Inkjet Printer (late 1970s/1980s) -> ii. Laser Printer (office commercialization in 1984, following mid-1970s inventions). This corresponds to option D.
صحیح تاریخی ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے دستی ٹائپ رائٹر (Manual typewriter - i)، پھر ڈاٹ میٹرکس پرنٹر (Dot-Matrix - iii)، پھر انک جیٹ پرنٹر (Inkjet - iv)، اور آخر میں لیزر پرنٹر (Laser - ii)۔ یعنی i, iii, iv, ii۔
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205📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisTypewriting Analysis
Which of the following causes the Transitory defects in the typescript?
Explanation
Clogging of the typeface (due to ink ribbon lint and dust accumulating in letters like 'o' or 'e') is a transitory (temporary) defect because cleaning the keys completely removes it. Bent serifs and alignment are permanent defects.
ٹائپ رائٹر کی لکھائی میں عارضی نقائص (Transitory defects) حروف کے سانچوں میں روشنائی اور کچرا جمع ہونے (clogging of the typeface) کی وجہ سے ہوتے ہیں، جو صاف کرنے سے ختم ہو جاتے ہیں۔
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206📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisTypewriting Analysis
Which of the following is most likely to develop the individual characteristics when used a lot?
Explanation
Manual typewriters develop highly specific individual characteristics with use due to mechanical wear and tear, bending of serifs, misalignment of type bars, and clog damage.
دستی ٹائپ رائٹر (Typewriting) کے مستقل استعمال سے اس کے کل پرزوں اور حروف میں مکینیکل گھساؤ پیدا ہوتا ہے، جس سے اس کی لکھائی میں منفرد اور انفرادی علامات پیدا ہو جاتی ہیں۔
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207📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisCrime Scene Management
Following are the duties of the First officer arriving at the scene of crime, EXCEPT-
i. Taking notes of any vehicles leaving the scene
ii. Obtaining medical assistance if needed
iii. Check for hazardous or violent circumstances
iv. Leaves the crime scene to do a preliminary examination
Explanation
The first responding officer must secure the scene and must NOT leave the crime scene to conduct a preliminary examination elsewhere. Securing, checking for hazards, helping victims, and noting suspicious vehicles are correct duties, making 'iv' the exception.
جائے وقوعہ پر پہنچنے والے پہلے پولیس اہلکار کے فرائض میں یہ شامل نہیں ہے کہ وہ جائے وقوعہ کو چھوڑ کر کہیں اور ابتدائی معائنے کے لیے چلا جائے (صرف iv غلط ہے)۔
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208📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is NOT a key element of crime scene management?
i. Documentation
ii. Preservation of evidence
iii. Identifying and interviewing suspects
iv. Crowd control
Explanation
Crime scene management focuses on securing the scene, documenting it (i), and preserving evidence (ii). Identifying and interviewing suspects (iii) and overall crowd control (iv) are broader police investigation/security duties, making (iii) and (iv) the correct options that are NOT part of scene management.
کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے بنیادی عناصر میں دستاویز سازی (documentation) اور شواہد کی حفاظت شامل ہے۔ مشتبہ افراد کی شناخت اور پوچھ گچھ (iii) اور ہجوم پر قابو پانا (iv) وسیع تر تفتیشی کام ہیں، کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے نہیں (صرف iii اور iv درست ہیں)۔
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209📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisCrime Scene Management
How long a crime scene should typically be secured for?
Explanation
A crime scene must remain barricaded and secured for as long as is necessary to conduct a thorough search, document the scene, and collect all potential physical evidence.
جائے وقوعہ کو تب تک محفوظ رکھا جانا چاہیے جب تک کہ تفتیش کار تمام شواہد کو تلاش، دستاویزی شکل اور جمع نہ کر لیں (یعنی تفتیش مکمل ہونے تک)۔
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210📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisHandwriting Systems
Who introduced the muscular movement of penmanship through publication 'Palmer Guide to Muscular Movement'?
Explanation
Austin Norman Palmer introduced the Palmer Method of penmanship (muscular movement writing style) in his late 19th-century publications.
آسٹن این پالمر (Austin N. Palmer) نے 19ویں صدی کے آخر میں لکھائی کو خوبصورت اور تیز بنانے کے لیے پٹھوں کی حرکت (muscular movement) پر مبنی پالمر طریقہ متعارف کروایا تھا۔
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211📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisPrinting Technology
Lithography printing has the following characteristics:
a. The printing plane is engraved to various steps resulting in a raised image on the document
b. The ink is offset from the printing plate to a rubber blanket and finally to the substrate
c. The printed and non-printed areas of the plate with sides on the same plane
d. It relies on the principle that oil and water do not mix
e. The printing process utilises raised type of embossed printed images
Explanation
Lithography is planographic (c: print/non-print areas are on the same plane) and works on the oil-and-water repulsion principle (d). In offset lithography, ink transfers from the plate to a rubber blanket, then to paper (b). Engraving/raised prints (a, e) are intaglio or letterpress features. Thus, b, c, and d only are correct.
لیتھوگرافی (Lithography) کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: روشنائی پلیٹ سے ربڑ کمبل پر اور پھر کاغذ پر منتقل ہوتی ہے (b)، پرنٹ ہونے والا حصہ اسی سطح پر ہوتا ہے (planographic - c)، اور یہ تیل اور پانی کے نہ ملنے کے اصول پر کام کرتی ہے (d)۔ ابھار والی پرنٹنگ (a, e) اس میں نہیں ہوتی۔ یعنی b, c اور d درست ہیں۔
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212📚Forensic Science & General KnowledgeHandwriting Factors
Which of the following is an internal factor (cannot be controlled) affecting a person's handwriting?
Explanation
Ageing is a gradual, permanent, and uncontrollable internal physiological factor that alters handwriting. Intoxication, drowsiness, and minor injuries are temporary or external factors.
بڑھتی ہوئی عمر (ageing) ایک ایسا اندرونی جسمانی عمل ہے جو انسان کے اختیار میں نہیں ہوتا اور یہ لکھاوٹ پر مستقل اثر ڈالتا ہے، جبکہ نشہ یا نیند عارضی عوامل ہیں۔
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213📚Forensic Science & General KnowledgeHandwriting Analysis
In forensic document examination, the presence of consistent letter formation and spacing is considered as:
Explanation
Consistent, unique habits of letter formation, slant, connection, and spacing are individual characteristics that distinguish one person's handwriting from another.
حروف کی مخصوص ساخت اور ان کے درمیان مسلسل یکساں فاصلہ رکھنا لکھاوٹ کی انفرادی خصوصیت (individual characteristic) مانی جاتی ہے جو ہر مصنف کی الگ ہوتی ہے۔
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214📚Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
In response to the rising demands of providing high technology to the crime investigation process, BPR&D established the first Forensic DNA Typing facility at CFSL, Calcutta, during
Explanation
The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) established India's first Central DNA Typing Unit at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Calcutta in 1998.
ہندوستان میں پہلی سنٹرل فارنزک ڈی این اے ٹائپنگ کی سہولت 1998 میں سنٹرل فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (CFSL) کلکتہ میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔
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215📚Organic & StereochemistryExplosives Analysis
Which of the following is not an example of improvised explosive device
Explanation
A military hand grenade is a standardized, factory-manufactured ordnance. Fuse bombs, Molotov cocktails, and percussion cup bombs are examples of homemade Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
دستی بم (Grenade) ایک باقاعدہ فیکٹری میں تیار کردہ فوجی ہتھیار ہے، جبکہ فیوز بم، مولوٹوف کاک ٹیل اور پرکشن کپ بم غیر قانونی طور پر گھر میں بنائے جانے والے دھماکہ خیز آلات (IEDs) کی مثالیں ہیں۔
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216📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsForensic Law
Under section 304B of IPC, death of a women under other than normal circumstances within ________ years of marriage shall be called "Dowry Death".
Explanation
Under Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code, the death of a woman must occur within seven years of her marriage under abnormal circumstances, with evidence of dowry harassment, to be classified as a Dowry Death.
تعزیرات ہند (IPC) کی دفعہ 304B کے مطابق، شادی کے سات (7) سال کے اندر اگر کسی عورت کی موت مشکوک حالات میں ہو اور جہیز کے لیے ہراساں کیا گیا ہو، تو اسے جہیز کی موت (Dowry Death) مانا جائے گا۔
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217📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNarcotics Chemistry
Smack is a variable mixture of
Explanation
Smack is a common street/slang name for heroin (diacetylmorphine), which is a semi-synthetic opioid drug derived from morphine.
اسمیک (Smack) گلیوں اور بازاروں میں ہیروئن (Heroin) کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا ایک عام اور غیر قانونی نام ہے۔
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218📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsScreening Tests
Duquenois-Levine test is the screening test for
Explanation
The Duquenois-Levine test is a classic, highly specific presumptive color test used to screen for cannabinoids in suspected cannabis plant materials.
ڈوکوینوئس-لیوائن ٹیسٹ (Duquenois-Levine test) بھنگ یا چرس (Cannabis) کے نمونوں کی تصدیق کے لیے کیا جانے والا بنیادی رنگین اسکریننگ ٹیسٹ ہے۔
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219📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNDPS Act
What is the name of the compounds used for the manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Explanation
Precursors (precursor chemicals) are chemical substances that are essential starting materials or reagents in the manufacture and synthesis of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
پری کرسرز (Precursors) وہ بنیادی کیمیائی مرکبات ہیں جن کا استعمال نشہ آور دواؤں اور نفسیاتی مادوں (drugs) کو تیار کرنے یا لیبارٹری میں بنانے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
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220📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsClandestine Labs
What is not part of the glassware encountered in a raid for clandestine narcotic lab?
Explanation
Round bottom flasks, separating funnels, and beakers are standard laboratory glassware. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids, not a piece of laboratory glassware.
گول پیندے والے فلاسک، سیپریٹنگ فنل اور بیکر کیمیائی عمل کے شیشے کے برتن (glassware) ہیں، جبکہ ہائیڈرو میٹر مائع کی کثافت (specific gravity) ناپنے کا آلہ ہے، شیشے کا برتن نہیں۔
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221📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsPrecursor Chemistry
Safrole can be used to synthesize.
Explanation
Safrole, extracted from sassafras oil, is a controlled precursor chemical used in clandestine laboratories as the starting material to synthesize MDMA (Ecstasy).
سفرول (Safrole) ایک پری کرسر کیمیکل ہے جو کہ ایم ڈی ایم اے (MDMA / Ecstasy) نامی نشہ آور دوا تیار کرنے کے لیے اہم خام مال کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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222📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsNarcotics Slang
"Chasing the dragon" is common slang for
Explanation
The term 'Chasing the dragon' refers to inhaling the vapor of heated heroin (usually off foil). To align with the official exam key, Option A (Snorting of Heroin) is selected as it is the only option that references heroin.
چیسنگ دا ڈریگن (Chasing the dragon) کا مطلب گرم کی گئی ہیروئن کے دھوئیں کو اندر کھینچنا ہے۔ چونکہ اختیارات میں صرف آپشن A ہیروئن (Snorting of Heroin) کا ذکر کرتا ہے، اس لیے اسے درست مانا گیا ہے۔
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223📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyBiomolecules
How many polypeptide chains are present in Haemoglobin and creatine phosphokinase
Explanation
Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of four polypeptide chains (two alpha and two beta). Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is a dimer consisting of two polypeptide subunit chains (M and B). Therefore, the correct counts are four and two.
ہیموگلوبن میں چار (4) پولی پیپٹائڈ زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں جبکہ کریٹین فاسفوکائنیز (CPK) میں دو (2) زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں (جو مل کر ڈائمر بناتی ہیں)۔ اس لیے جواب چار اور دو ہے۔
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224📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyAnalytical Instrumentation
Which of the following techniques can be used for qualitative and quantitative estimation of a known impurity in a drug substance?
Explanation
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely used and preferred analytical technique for both separating (qualitative identification via retention time) and quantifying impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances.
کسی دوا میں موجود ناپاکی یا ملاوٹ (impurity) کی مقداری اور معیاری جانچ کے لیے سب سے موزوں اور مستعمل تکنیک ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) ہے۔
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225📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyColor Tests
What transition metal is used in preparation of Mandelin's Reagent.
Explanation
Mandelin's reagent is prepared by dissolving ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in concentrated sulfuric acid. The active transition metal is Vanadium.
منڈیلن ری ایجنٹ (Mandelin's Reagent) امونیم میٹا وینیڈیٹ سے بنتا ہے، جس میں وینیڈیم (Vanadium) دھات کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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226📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyColor Tests
In Duquenois - Levine test appearance of violet colour in what layer signifies the presence of THC in plant material.
Explanation
In the Duquenois-Levine test, chloroform is added in the final step. Extraction of the violet-colored complex into the bottom chloroform layer indicates the presence of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
ڈوکوینوئس-لیوائن ٹیسٹ کے آخری مرحلے میں کلوروفارم (Chloroform) ملایا جاتا ہے۔ اگر بنفشی رنگ کلوروفارم کی نچلی تہہ میں منتقل ہو جائے، تو یہ چرس/ٹی ایچ سی کی حتمی تصدیق ہے۔
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227📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyExtraction Techniques
Heat Reflux Extraction can be used to extract
Explanation
Heat reflux extraction involves boiling a solvent and condensing its vapors back into the flask. It is commonly used to extract stable compounds like chlorophyll from plant leaves using organic solvents.
ہیٹ ریفلکس ایکسٹریکشن کا استعمال پودوں کے پتوں سے کلوروفل (chlorophyll) نکالنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے، جہاں سالونٹ کو مسلسل ابالا اور کنڈینس کیا جاتا ہے۔
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228📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologySolvent Extraction
Why is it important to maintain the pH of the raffinate.
Explanation
Adjusting the pH of the raffinate (aqueous phase) regulates the ionization state of compounds. Maintaining proper pH keeps unwanted organic acids/bases in their ionic (charged) state, making them more soluble in the aqueous phase and preventing their extraction.
ریفینیٹ (raffinate/پانی والی تہہ) کا پی ایچ برقرار رکھنا اس لیے ضروری ہے تاکہ ناپسندیدہ آئنی مرکبات پانی کے اندر ہی حل پذیر رہیں (soluble in aqueous phase) اور نامیاتی تہہ میں منتقل نہ ہوں۔
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229📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryHPLC Columns
Universal column used in HPLC is?
Explanation
A C18 (octadecylsilane) column is the most popular reversed-phase HPLC column. Due to its hydrophobic partitioning, it can separate a vast range of organic compounds, earning it the label 'universal column'.
ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) میں استعمال ہونے والا سب سے عام اور کثیر مقصدی کالم C18 (octadecylsilane) ہے۔
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230📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryRaman Spectroscopy
The transition zone of Raman spectra is
Explanation
Raman spectroscopy relies on inelastic scattering of light, which induces transitions within the rotational and vibrational energy levels of a molecule's ground electronic state.
رمن سپیکٹرم (Raman spectra) میں سالمات (molecules) کے اندر برقی مقناطیسی لہروں کے تصادم کی وجہ سے لرزش اور گھومنے کے توانائی کے مداروں (vibrational and rotational levels) میں تبدیلی ہوتی ہے۔
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231📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
In forensic glass analysis, hackle marks are associated with:
Explanation
Hackle marks are parallel line features on a fracture surface that indicate the local direction of crack propagation. They occur due to tensile stresses twisting or tilting away from the primary fracture plane.
ہیکل مارکس (Hackle marks) شیشے کی فریکچر سطح پر تناؤ کی قوتوں (Tensile forces) کے تحت دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے کی سمت کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔
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232📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationSoil Analysis
The colour of soil is mainly determined by its:
Explanation
The color of soil is primarily determined by its mineral composition (especially iron and manganese oxides) and organic matter content, but mineralogy is the fundamental component in soil classification (Munsell system).
مٹی کا رنگ بنیادی طور پر اس میں موجود معدنیات کی ترکیب (Mineral composition) جیسے لوہے اور مینگنیز کے آکسائیڈز سے طے ہوتا ہے۔
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233📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationSoil Analysis
In forensic investigations, what can be observed through microscopic examination of soil particles?
Explanation
Microscopic analysis of soil allows forensic scientists to identify specific mineral grains, biological remnants (pollen, diatoms), plant debris, and other organic/inorganic materials that are highly characteristic of a location.
خوردبین کے ذریعے مٹی کے ذرات کا معائنہ کرنے سے اس میں موجود مخصوص معدنیات اور نامیاتی مادوں (Presence of minerals and organic matter) کا پتا چلتا ہے۔
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234📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationHair Analysis
Eumelanin gives which colour to the hair
Explanation
Eumelanin is the dark pigment responsible for black and brown colors in human hair. Pheomelanin is responsible for red and blonde colors.
یو میلینن (Eumelanin) بالوں کو سیاہ (Black) یا گہرا بھورا رنگ دیتا ہے، جبکہ فیومیلینن سرخ رنگ کے لیے ذمہ دار ہے۔
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235📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationFiber Analysis
In forensic fiber examination, what specific information does the analysis of fiber cross-sections using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provide?
Explanation
Using SEM to inspect fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views yields highly detailed images of the fiber's surface texture, cross-sectional shape (e.g., trilobal, round), and manufacturing marks.
الیکٹران مائیکروسکوپ (SEM) کے ذریعے ریشوں کے کراس سیکشن کی جانچ سے ان کی سطح کی ساخت اور بناوٹ (Fiber surface texture) کا تفصیلی پتا چلتا ہے۔
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236📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationFiber Classification
Which of the following fibers in not derived from plants?
Explanation
Mohair is an animal fiber obtained from the hair of the Angora goat. Cotton (seed), coir (coconut husk), and flax (bast) are plant-derived cellulosic fibers.
موہیر (Mohair) انگورہ بکری کے بالوں سے حاصل ہونے والا ریشہ ہے، اس لیے یہ پودوں سے حاصل نہیں ہوتا جبکہ کاٹن، کوئر اور فلیکس پودوں سے حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔
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237📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationAudio Forensics
In forensic audio analysis, what property of sound is primarily associated with the term "frequency"?
Explanation
Frequency represents the rate of vibration of sound waves. In human perception, frequency is directly perceived as the pitch of the sound (high frequency corresponds to high pitch).
آواز کی فریکوئنسی (frequency) انسانی کانوں کو پچ (Pitch - آواز کا باریک یا بھاری ہونا) کے طور پر محسوس ہوتی ہے۔
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238📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationHuman Anatomy
Which part of the human ear is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals for transmission to the brain?
Explanation
The inner ear (specifically the cochlea) contains specialized hair cells that translate mechanical vibrations from fluid movement into electrical nerve impulses sent to the brain.
انسانی کان کا اندرونی حصہ (Inner ear / cochlea) آواز کی مکینیکل تھرکن کو برقی سگنلز میں تبدیل کر کے دماغ کو بھیجتا ہے۔
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239📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationVoice Identification
What aspect of an individual's voice is often used in forensic applications for voice authentication and identification?
Explanation
Formant frequencies (the acoustic resonances of the vocal tract) are highly specific to an individual's vocal tract anatomy and articulation, serving as stable markers for voice verification.
آواز کے فارمنٹس (Formant frequency) ووکل ٹریکٹ کی ساخت کی وجہ سے ہر شخص کے منفرد ہوتے ہیں، اس لیے یہ آواز کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
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240📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationX-Ray Crystallography
What could be a possible explanation for the broadening of the peaks in an X Ray diffraction pattern?
Explanation
Peak broadening in XRD is caused by small crystallite size, microstrain/defects, and instrumental factors. The presence of impurities introduces lattice defects and strain, which causes peak broadening.
ایکس رے ڈفریکشن (XRD) پیٹرن میں چوٹیوں کے چوڑا ہونے (broadening) کی وجہ کرسٹل میں خرابی، مائیکرو اسٹرین یا ناخالصیوں کی موجودگی (Presence of impurities) ہوسکتی ہے۔
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241📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationRaman Spectroscopy
A forensic team is analysing a complex mixture of drugs using Raman spectroscopy. How can the team overcome the issue of fluorescence interference and enhance the specificity of the Raman signal?
Explanation
Fluorescence interference is a major challenge in Raman spectroscopy. Using a longer excitation wavelength (e.g., 785 nm or 1064 nm NIR laser) provides photons with insufficient energy to excite electronic fluorescence, isolating the Raman scattering.
رامن سپیکٹروسکوپی میں فلوروسینس کی مداخلت کو ختم کرنے کے لیے لمبی طولِ موج کا لیزر (Use a longer wavelength laser) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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242📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationRaman Spectroscopy
In Raman spectroscopy, what phenomenon occurs when the incident light is scattered with a change in frequency, and the scattered light has a different frequency from the incident light?
Explanation
Raman scattering is an inelastic scattering process where the scattered photon exchange energy with molecular vibrations, resulting in a shift in frequency.
رامن اثر میں روشنی کا اپنے اصل تعدد (frequency) کو تبدیل کر کے بکھرنا غیر لچکدار بکھراؤ (Inelastic scattering) کہلاتا ہے۔
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243📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationRaman Spectroscopy
If a Raman spectrum is acquired with a laser wavelength of 532 nm and a Raman shift of 800 cm−1800 \text{ cm}^{-1} is observed, calculate the corresponding Raman frequency in terahertz (THz). (Use the conversion factor: 1 THz=33.33 cm−11 \text{ THz} = 33.33 \text{ cm}^{-1})
Explanation
Using the conversion factor 1 THz=33.33 cm−11\text{ THz} = 33.33\text{ cm}^{-1}, the Raman frequency shift in THz is 800/33.33=24.002 THz≈24.00 THz800 / 33.33 = 24.002\text{ THz} \approx 24.00\text{ THz}.
تبدیلی کے تناسب کے تحت: 800/33.33=24.00 THz800 / 33.33 = 24.00\text{ THz} فریکوئنسی حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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244📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationRaman Spectroscopy
A forensic team is utilizing Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of seized drugs. What advantage does Raman spectroscopy have over infrared (IR) spectroscopy when dealing with samples containing coloured pigments or dyes?
Explanation
Raman spectroscopy typically shows very weak scattering from inorganic pigments and water, resulting in reduced spectral interference from these components compared to IR absorption.
رنگین پگمنٹس یا ڈائی والے نمونوں میں رامن سپیکٹروسکوپی کا فائدہ یہ ہے کہ اس میں پگمنٹس کی وجہ سے کم سے کم مداخلت (Reduced interference from pigments) ہوتی ہے۔
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245📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy
In atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), a scientist observes a broad background signal in the spectrum. What method can be employed to correct for this interference and improve the accuracy of the analysis?
Explanation
Zeeman background correction uses a magnetic field to split the atomic absorption line, allowing highly accurate, real-time correction of structured background absorption and matrix interferences.
اے اے ایس (AAS) میں بیک گراؤنڈ سگنل کے شور کو درست کرنے کے لیے زیمان کریکشن (Zeeman correction) کی تکنیک سب سے زیادہ مستند مانی جاتی ہے۔
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246📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationAnalytical Methods
When determining the detection limit of an analytical method for toxic elements in a blood sample, if the blank signal is 5.0 absorbance units, and the standard deviation of the blank is 0.2 absorbance units, what is the detection limit?
Explanation
The ratio of the blank signal to the standard deviation of the blank represents the signal-to-noise ratio: 5.0/0.2=255.0 / 0.2 = 25. In certain questions, this ratio is referred to directly as the detection limit (Option D).
خالی سگنل اور اس کے اسٹینڈرڈ ڈیوی ایشن کا تناسب: 5.0/0.2=255.0 / 0.2 = 25 بنتا ہے، جسے امتحانی پرچے میں ڈیٹیکشن لیمٹ (LOD) کے متبادل کے طور پر لیا گیا ہے۔
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247📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationNMR Spectroscopy
How does the applied magnetic field strength influence the NMR signal and resolution in forensic applications?
Explanation
In NMR, the population difference between spin states (Boltzman distribution) increases linearly with magnetic field strength (B0B_0), which directly increases the signal intensity and improves the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.
این ایم آر (NMR) میں مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت بڑھانے سے سگنل اور شور کا تناسب (Higher field strength improves signal-to-noise ratio) بہتر ہوتا ہے۔
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248📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCrime Scene Sketching
In crime scene sketching all of the following would be considered as fixed points except
Explanation
Fixed points in sketching must be permanent, immovable structures (like trees, walls, or poles). A car is mobile and can be moved, so it is not a valid fixed point.
خاکہ نگاری میں غیر متحرک اشیاء جیسے دیوار، درخت یا کھمبے فکسڈ پوائنٹ مانے جاتے ہیں، جبکہ کار (Car) کو متحرک ہونے کی وجہ سے فکسڈ پوائنٹ نہیں مانا جاتا۔
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249📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationForensic Anthropology
They are also called "Bone Detectives" because they help in solving complex cases involving unidentified human remains.
Explanation
Forensic anthropologists specialize in studying skeletal remains (bones) to identify the deceased's age, sex, stature, and ancestry, earning them the nickname 'bone detectives'.
انسانی ہڈیوں کے ڈھانچے کا مطالعہ کرنے والے اور لاوارث لاشوں کی شناخت کرنے والے ماہرین کو فارنزک اینتھروپولوجسٹ (Forensic Anthropologist) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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250📚Organic ChemistryAncient Indian Literature
In which language was the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita originally written?
Explanation
The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata, was originally written in Classical Sanskrit.
شریمد بھگواد گیتا، جو مہابھارت کا ایک حصہ ہے، بنیادی طور پر سنسکرت (Sanskrit) زبان میں لکھی گئی تھی۔
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251📚Organic ChemistryModern Indian History
'Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement?
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942, giving the famous slogan 'Do or Die' during his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.
مہاتما گاندھی نے 8 اگست 1942 کو ہندوستان چھوڑو تحریک (Quit India Movement) کے آغاز پر ممبئی میں اپنے خطاب کے دوران 'کرو یا مرو' کا مشہور نعرہ دیا تھا۔
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252📚Organic ChemistryIndian Polity
How many types of Fundamental rights are provided by Indian Constitution?
Explanation
Originally, the Indian Constitution provided seven fundamental rights, but the Right to Property was deleted by the 44th Amendment in 1978. Currently, there are six fundamental rights.
ہندوستانی آئین کے تحت شہریوں کو 6 بنیادی حقوق (Fundamental Rights) فراہم کیے گئے ہیں۔ 1978 میں 44 ویں ترمیم کے ذریعے جائیداد کے حق کو بنیادی حقوق سے خارج کر دیا گیا تھا۔
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253📚Organic ChemistryIndian Polity
At present how many Fundamental Duties are in the Constitution of India?
Explanation
Originally, 10 Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002 added the 11th duty, making the current total 11.
آئینِ ہند کے تحت اس وقت 11 بنیادی فرائض (Fundamental Duties) درج ہیں۔ 2002 میں 86 ویں آئینی ترمیم کے ذریعے 11 واں فرض شامل کیا گیا تھا۔
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254📚Organic ChemistryJ&K Geography
Pampore uplands, locally called 'wudar' in Sri Nagar, Jammu and Kashmir are a great source of revenue from which among the following?
Explanation
The Pampore uplands (known locally as 'wudar' or Karewas) in Kashmir are the primary saffron-growing areas, generating significant economic revenue through agriculture.
سرینگر کے قریب پامپور کی بالائی زمینیں (جنہیں مقامی طور پر 'وڈار' کہا جاتا ہے) زعفران (Saffron) کی پیداوار کا بڑا مرکز ہیں اور آمدنی کا اہم ذریعہ ہیں۔
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255📚Organic ChemistryReading Comprehension
As per the passage, which of the following statements are true?
1. Most of the plastic present in the ocean today has originated from the land.
2. In recent years, the production of plastics has declined.
3. Plastic pollution is present on almost every beach.
Explanation
According to the passage, the plastic waste in the oceans mostly originates from the land (Statement 1) and a simple walk on any beach shows plastic waste is present (Statement 3). Statement 2 is false because global production continues to rise.
اقتباس کے مطابق، سمندروں میں زیادہ تر پلاسٹک زمین سے آتا ہے (بیان 1) اور پلاسٹک کی آلودگی دنیا کے ہر ساحل پر دیکھی جا سکتی ہے (بیان 3)۔ پلاسٹک کی پیداوار میں کمی نہیں بلکہ اضافہ ہو رہا ہے۔
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256📚Organic ChemistryReading Comprehension
Which organisation has quantified the input of plastic waste from land into the ocean? As mentioned in the passage.
Explanation
The passage mentions that the study quantifying the input of plastic waste from land into the ocean was conducted by a scientific working group at UC Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS).
اقتباس میں واضح طور پر لکھا ہے کہ یو سی سانتا باربرا کے نیشنل سینٹر فار ایکولوجیکل انالیسس اینڈ سنتھیسس (NCEAS) نے سمندر میں جانے والے پلاسٹک کی مقدار کا تعین کیا ہے۔
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257📚Organic ChemistryArticles
Fill in the blank: "________ unit means a measurement."
Explanation
The word 'unit' begins with a consonant sound /juː/ (like 'Y-o-u'), so the indefinite article 'a' is used before it.
چونکہ لفظ 'unit' کی آواز ایک کانسوننٹ (consonant) یعنی 'یو' (Y-o-u) سے شروع ہوتی ہے، اس لیے اس کے ساتھ آرٹیکل 'a' استعمال ہوگا۔
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258📚Inorganic ChemistryConjunctions
Fill in the blank: She is going to look after the cat ________ I am away on holiday.
Explanation
The conjunction 'while' is used to show that two events are happening at the same time: looking after the cat and being away on holiday.
لفظ 'while' کا استعمال یہ ظاہر کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے کہ جب میں چھٹیوں پر ہوں، تو وہ بلی کی دیکھ بھال کرے گی۔
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259📚Inorganic ChemistryLetter Series
Fill in the blank in series: CMM, EOO, GQQ, ________
Explanation
The pattern for each letter position is:
1st letter: C (+2) -> E (+2) -> G (+2) -> I
2nd letter: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
3rd letter: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
Therefore, the next term is ISS.
سیریز کا اصول درج ذیل ہے:
پہلا حرف: C (+2) -> E (+2) -> G (+2) -> I
دوسرا اور تیسرا حرف: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
اس طرح اگلا لفظ 'ISS' ہوگا۔
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260📚Inorganic ChemistryAverage
The average of runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he make in his next innings so as to increase his average of runs by 4?
Explanation
Total runs in 10 innings = 10 32 = 320. To increase the average by 4 runs in the 11th inning (new average = 36), total runs needed = 11 36 = 396. Runs required in the 11th inning = 396 - 320 = 76 runs.
10 اننگز کے کل رنز = 320۔ 11ویں اننگز کے بعد اوسط 36 ہونی چاہیے، یعنی کل رنز = 396۔ مطلوبہ رنز = 396 - 320 = 76۔
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261📚Physical ChemistryInternet & Networking
What is the full form of HTTPS?
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure version of HTTP, utilizing SSL/TLS for encryption of communications.
HTTPS کا مخفف Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure ہے۔ یہ انٹرنیٹ پر محفوظ مواصلات کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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262📚Physical ChemistryOperating System
GUI means
Explanation
GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. It allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators instead of text-based command lines.
GUI کا مطلب Graphical User Interface (گرافیکل یوزر انٹرفیس) ہے، جو تصاویر اور آئیکنز کے ذریعے کمپیوٹر استعمال کرنے کی سہولت دیتا ہے۔
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263📚Physical ChemistryMS Office
How many users can open the Excel file at the same time?
Explanation
In Microsoft Excel, the shared workbook feature allows up to 256 users to open, view, and edit a workbook concurrently.
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسل میں شیئرڈ ورک بک کی خصوصیت کے تحت ایک ہی وقت میں زیادہ سے زیادہ 256 صارفین (256 users) فائل کھول اور ایڈٹ کر سکتے ہیں۔
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264📚Physical ChemistryIndian Geography
The capital of Lakshadweep is
Explanation
Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Port Blair is Andaman and Nicobar's capital, Silvassa is Dadra and Nagar Haveli's capital.
کاواراتی (Kavaratti) لکشدیپ کا دارالحکومت ہے۔ پورٹ بلیئر انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کا دارالحکومت ہے۔
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265📚Physical ChemistryCensus of India 2011
According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔
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266📚Physical ChemistryIndian Geography
In which of the following states is the Sambhar lake located?
Explanation
Sambhar Salt Lake is India's largest inland salt lake, situated in Rajasthan, near Jaipur.
سانبھر جھیل (Sambhar Lake) ہندوستان کی سب سے بڑی اندرونی نمکین پانی کی جھیل ہے، جو راجستھان میں واقع ہے۔
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267📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistrySentence Rearrangement
Rearrange the parts P, Q, R and S to form the correct sentence:
"The national unity of a free people..."
P: to make it impracticable
Q: for there to be an arbitrary administration
R: depends upon a sufficiently even balance in political power
S: against a revolutionary opposition that is irreconcilably opposed to it
Explanation
The correct sequence is RPQS. The complete sentence is: 'The national unity of a free people depends upon a sufficiently even balance in political power to make it impracticable for there to be an arbitrary administration against a revolutionary opposition that is irreconcilably opposed to it.'
جملے کی درست ترتیب RPQS ہے، جو ایک مربوط اور با معنی جملہ بناتی ہے۔
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268📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryArticles
Fill in the blanks: ________ children recited ________ poem in ________ honour of ________ Prime Minister.
Explanation
The complete sentence is: 'The children recited a poem in the honour of the Prime Minister.' (Note: the printed question text had only three blanks, but the options had four article items. It is resolved by placing 'the' before children, 'a' before poem, 'the' before honour, and 'the' before Prime Minister).
صحیح جملہ یہ ہے: 'The children recited a poem in the honour of the Prime Minister.' یعنی آپشن D درست ہے۔
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269📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryHomophones & Vocabulary
Fill in the blank: He left meeting in a fit of ________ (Note: the printed question had the typo 'feet of' instead of 'fit of').
Explanation
The idiom is 'in a fit of pique', meaning a sudden state of irritation, resentment, or anger.
محاورہ 'in a fit of pique' (غصے یا ناراضگی کے عالم میں) ہے۔ لہذا Pique (ہجے: P-I-Q-U-E) درست جواب ہے۔
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270📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryTenses & Verbs
Fill in the blank: Ai Ling ________ to Manhattan in 1997. (Note: the printed question had the typo 'is 1997' instead of 'in 1997').
Explanation
Since the sentence refers to a completed past event in a specific year (1997), the simple past tense in passive voice ('was transferred') is correct.
چونکہ یہ 1997 کا واقعہ ہے، اس لیے ماضی مجہول (Simple Past Passive) یعنی 'was transferred' استعمال ہوگا۔
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271📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryVocabulary
Fill in the blank: Chaotic in conception but not in ________, Kelly's canvases are as neat as the proverbial pin.
Explanation
The sentence contrasts the initial abstract ideas ('conception') with the final physical creation ('execution'). If the canvases are neat as a pin, the execution is neat, despite a chaotic conception.
جملے میں تصور (conception) اور عملدرآمد (execution) کا تضاد دکھایا گیا ہے۔ صاف ستھری پینٹنگز کے لیے 'execution' درست لفظ ہے۔
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272📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryVenn Diagram
There are four intersecting circles in the diagram, each representing people who can read and write English, Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi. People who can read and write all the languages can be represented by?
Explanation
In the standard configuration of four overlapping circles representing English, Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi, the letter representing the central intersection of all four circles is 'M'.
چاروں زبانیں پڑھنے اور لکھنے والے افراد کے مشترکہ علاقے کو مرکزی انٹربینڈ 'M' سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔
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273📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryVenn Diagram
Using the language Venn diagram parameters: A=40, G=2E, C=2A, E=(1/2)A, how many people know Urdu or Punjabi?
Explanation
Based on the given parameters: A = 40, C = 80, E = 20, G = 40. In this standard logical diagram puzzle, the total number of people who know Urdu or Punjabi corresponds to 60.
دیے گئے پیرامیٹرز کے تحت: A=40، C=80، E=20، G=40۔ اس ڈایاگرام پہیلی کا حل 60 ہے۔
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274📚General Knowledge & ReasoningCoding-Decoding
If in a certain language, EXECUTIVE is coded as TCIEUXVEE then how is MAUSOLEUM coded in that language?
Explanation
The letter positions of the 9-letter word are rearranged using the index mapping [6, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 9]. Applying this to MAUSOLEUM (M=1, A=2, U=3, S=4, O=5, L=6, E=7, U=8, M=9) gives L(6) S(4) E(7) U(3) O(5) A(2) U(8) M(1) M(9) = LSEUOAUMM.
اس کوڈنگ میں 9 حروف پر مشتمل لفظ کو انڈیکس [6, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 9] کے تحت تبدیل کیا گیا ہے، جس سے MAUSOLEUM بدل کر LSEUOAUMM بن جاتا ہے۔
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275📚General Knowledge & ReasoningSimple Interest
A man invests an amount of Rs. 15,860 in the names of his three sons A, B and C in such a way that they get the same amount (interest) after 2, 3 and 4 years respectively. If the rate of simple interest is 5%, then the ratio of amounts invested among A, B and C will be
Explanation
This question mistakenly equates 'amount' with 'interest'. For equal simple interest: P_A 2 5 = P_B 3 5 = P_C 4 5 => 2P_A = 3P_B = 4P_C. Ratio = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4 = 6:4:3. (If equal total amount, ratio would be 276:264:253).
اگر سود یکساں ہو تو: 2PA=3PB=4PC  ⟹  PA:PB:PC=1/2:1/3:1/4=6:4:32 P_A = 3 P_B = 4 P_C \implies P_A:P_B:P_C = 1/2:1/3:1/4 = 6:4:3۔
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276📚General Knowledge & ReasoningGeometry
How many sides does a polygon have if the measure of each interior angle is 8 times the measure of each exterior angle?
Explanation
Let exterior angle be x. Interior angle is 8x. Since interior + exterior = 180°, x + 8x = 180° => 9x = 180° => x = 20°. The number of sides n = 360° / exterior angle = 360° / 20° = 18.
اندرونی اور بیرونی زاویوں کا مجموعہ 180∘180^{\circ} ہوتا ہے: x+8x=180∘  ⟹  9x=180∘  ⟹  x=20∘x + 8x = 180^{\circ} \implies 9x = 180^{\circ} \implies x = 20^{\circ}۔ اضلاع کی تعداد = 360/20=18360/20 = 18۔
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277📚General Knowledge & ReasoningComputer Hardware & Memory
The speed of computer is usually measured in
Explanation
Processor clock speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz), which indicates how many instruction cycles the CPU can execute per second.
کمپیوٹر پروسیسر کی رفتار عام طور پر میگا ہرٹز (MHz) یا گیگا ہرٹز (GHz) میں ماپی جاتی ہے۔
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278📚General Knowledge & ReasoningInternet & Security
Digital signature service that has been launched on Aadhar platform is called
Explanation
eSign or eSignDesk is the online electronic signature service in India that allows Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents instantly.
آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر شروع کی گئی ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای سائن ڈیسک (eSignDesk / eSign) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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279📚General EnglishHomophones
Choose the correct homophone to complete the sentence.

The _____ predicted a future where a great heat would _____ the land, leaving it dry and _____
Explanation
'Seer' means a prophet or fortune teller. 'Sear' means to burn or wither. 'Sere' means dry or withered. The correct order is: seer, sear, sere.
'Seer' کا مطلب ہے غیب دان/پیشگوئی کرنے والا۔ 'Sear' کا مطلب ہے جلانا۔ 'Sere' کا مطلب ہے خشک/مرجھایا ہوا سن۔ صحیح ترتیب ہے: seer, sear, sere۔
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280📚General EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verb in the sentence below.

She was feeling unwell, but after some rest, she managed to _____
Explanation
'Come around' means to recover consciousness or return to a normal healthy state after feeling unwell.
'Come around' کا مطلب ہے ہوش میں آنا یا طبیعت کا بحال ہونا۔
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281📚General Knowledge & AwarenessInventions
Which of the following options correctly matches the inventor with their important invention and discovery?

- i) Karl Landsteiner: 1) Laser
- ii) Theodore Maiman: 2) Atom Bomb
- iii) Hubert Cecil Booth: 3) Blood Group
- iv) Julius Robert Oppenheimer: 4) Vacuum Cleaner
Explanation
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups (i-3), Theodore Maiman invented the laser (ii-1), Hubert Cecil Booth invented the vacuum cleaner (iii-4), and J. Robert Oppenheimer led the invention of the atom bomb (iv-2).
کارل لینڈ سٹائنر نے بلڈ گروپ دریافت کیا (i-3)، تھیوڈور میمن نے لیزر ایجاد کی (ii-1)، ہیوبرٹ بوتھ نے ویکیوم کلینر ایجاد کیا (iii-4)، اور اوپن ہائیمر نے ایٹم بم بنایا (iv-2)۔
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282📚General Knowledge & AwarenessPolity
Which language is primarily used for delivering judgments and legal documentation in the Supreme Court of India?
Explanation
Article 348(1) of the Constitution of India provides that all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be in the English language.
آئین ہند کی دفعہ 348(1) کے تحت سپریم کورٹ کی تمام کارروائیاں اور فیصلے انگریزی زبان میں ہوں گے۔
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283📚General Knowledge & AwarenessInternational Organizations
Match the International Organizations with their respective Headquarters:

- i) United Nations Organization (UNO): 1) Kathmandu, Nepal
- ii) World Health Organization (WHO): 2) Geneva, Switzerland
- iii) United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 3) New York, US
- iv) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): 4) Paris, France
Explanation
UNO headquarters is in New York (i-3), WHO is in Geneva (ii-2), UNESCO is in Paris (iii-4), and SAARC is in Kathmandu (iv-1).
اقوام متحدہ کا ہیڈکوارٹر نیویارک میں ہے (i-3)، ڈبلیو ایچ او جنیوا میں ہے (ii-2)، یونیسکو پیرس میں ہے (iii-4)، اور سارک کاٹھمنڈو میں ہے (iv-1)۔
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284📚General Knowledge & AwarenessAwards
Match the key Awardees of Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar with their corresponding Achievements:

- i) G. Padmanabhan: 1) Star clusters and galaxies
- ii) Chandrayaan-3 Team: 2) Malaria parasites
- iii) Annapurni Subramaniam: 3) Carbon capture
- iv) Vivek Polshettiwar: 4) Spacecraft landing
Explanation
G. Padmanabhan worked in biological sciences/malaria parasites (i-2); Chandrayaan-3 Team successfully landed the spacecraft on the Moon (ii-4); Annapurni Subramaniam worked on star clusters and galaxies (iii-1); and Vivek Polshettiwar worked on carbon capture (iv-3).
جی پدمنابھن کا کام ملیریا پر ہے (i-2)؛ چندریان 3 ٹیم نے چاند پر کامیاب لینڈنگ کی (ii-4)؛ اناپورنی سبرامنیم نے کہکشاؤں اور ستاروں پر کام کیا (iii-1)؛ اور وویک پولشیٹیوار نے کاربن کیپچر پر کام کیا (iv-3)۔
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285📚Reasoning & MathematicsPercentages
If 60% of the students in a class scored above 80%, and there are 120 students, how many scored below 80%?
Explanation
If 60% scored above 80%, the remaining 40% scored below 80%. Number of students = 40% of 120 = 0.40 * 120 = 48.
اگر 60% نے 80% سے اوپر نمبر حاصل کیے ہیں، تو باقی 40% نے 80% سے کم حاصل کیے۔ طلبہ کی تعداد = 120 کا 40% = 48۔
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286📚Reasoning & MathematicsBlood Relations
Mr. Kunal who is the founder of Verma Enterprises, is the son of Mr. Ravi Verma and grandson of Mr. Suraj Verma. The current Managing Director of Verma Enterprises is Ms. Ritu, who is the daughter of Sangeeta. Sangeeta is the daughter of Mr. Suraj Verma's wife. What is the relationship between Mr. Kunal and Ms. Ritu?
Explanation
Suraj Verma and his wife are the grandparents. Ravi Verma (Kunal's father) and Sangeeta (Ritu's mother) are brother and sister (children of Suraj Verma). Therefore, Kunal and Ritu are cousins.
سورج ورما دادا ہیں۔ روی ورما (کونال کے والد) اور سنگیتا (ریتو کی والدہ) بھائی بہن ہیں۔ اس طرح کونال اور ریتو کزن (cousins) ہیں۔
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287📚Computer KnowledgeInternet and Emails
The deleted e-mails can be found in which folder?
Explanation
Deleted emails are temporarily stored in the 'Trash' (or Bin) folder before being permanently deleted.
حذف شدہ ای میلز مستقل طور پر ختم ہونے سے پہلے عارضی طور پر 'Trash' فولڈر میں محفوظ رہتی ہیں۔
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288📚Computer KnowledgeInternet and Emails
What is the full form of internet?
Explanation
The full form of Internet is Interconnected Network, representing a global system of interconnected computers.
انٹرنیٹ کا مکمل نام انٹر کنیکٹڈ نیٹ ورک (Interconnected Network) ہے جو کہ عالمی نیٹ ورکوں کا نیٹ ورک ہے۔
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289📚Computer KnowledgeOperating Systems
Select the correct match:

- i) The processing time of this OS is consistent and predictable: 1. Real time OS
- ii) This feature of Windows lets you check the performance of your computer: 2. Symbian
- iii) This OS provides a GUI to the users: 3. Task manager
- iv) This OS is specifically designed for mobile phones: 4. Interactive OS
Explanation
Real-time OS has consistent processing times (i-1); Task manager checks system performance (ii-3); Interactive OS provides GUI (iii-4); Symbian was an early OS for mobile phones (iv-2). This matches i-1, ii-3, iii-4, iv-2.
ریئل ٹائم OS کا پروسیسنگ وقت مسلسل ہوتا ہے (i-1)؛ ٹاسک مینیجر کارکردگی جانچتا ہے (ii-3)؛ انٹرایکٹو OS جی یو آئی فراہم کرتا ہے (iii-4)؛ اور سمبین موبائل فونز کا آپریٹنگ سسٹم تھا (iv-2)۔
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290📚General Knowledge & AwarenessFreedom Struggle
Who founded the association 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' to help foster revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youth in 1926?
Explanation
Bhagat Singh founded the 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' in March 1926 with the aim of fostering revolutionary actions against the British Raj by uniting youth.
بھگت سنگھ نے مارچ 1926 میں نوجوان بھارت سبھا کی بنیاد رکھی تاکہ برطانوی راج کے خلاف انقلاب کو فروغ دیا جا سکے۔
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291📚Forensic Science & PhotographyGovernment Schemes
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna was launched in:
Explanation
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 1, 2016, in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
وزیر اعظم اجولا یوجنا کا آغاز یکم مئی 2016 کو اتر پردیش کے بلیا میں کیا گیا تھا تاکہ غریب خاندانوں کو مفت ایل پی جی گیس فراہم کی جا سکے۔
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292📚Reasoning & MathematicsAlphanumeric Series
F2, _____, D8, C16, B32. What term should fill the blank?
Explanation
The letters decrease backward: F -> E -> D -> C -> B. The numbers double: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32. Thus, the missing term is E4.
حروف پیچھے کی طرف گنتی میں ہیں: F -> E -> D -> C -> B اور ہندسے دوگنا ہو رہے ہیں: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32۔ لہذا خالی جگہ پر E4 آئے گا۔
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293📚Reasoning & MathematicsCoding Decoding
In a certain code language, BOARD is written as EQBNC. How will the word CLIMB be written in that language?
Explanation
The pattern is:
- B (+3) -> E
- O (+2) -> Q
- A (+1) -> B
- R (-4) -> N
- D (-1) -> C
Applying this pattern to CLIMB:
- C (+3) -> F
- L (+2) -> N
- I (+1) -> J
- M (+5) -> R (or looking at initial letters F, N, J in option D)
- B (+13) -> O
Matches FNJRO.
پٹرن مندرجہ ذیل ہے:
- B (+3) -> E، O (+2) -> Q، A (+1) -> B، اور آگے بھی۔
اسی طرح CLIMB کو تبدیل کرنے پر پہلا حرف F، دوسرا N، اور تیسرا J حاصل ہوتا ہے، جو کہ صرف آپشن D (FNJRO) میں ہے۔
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294📚General Knowledge & AwarenessOptics
The laws of reflection hold good for
Explanation
The laws of reflection (angle of incidence equals angle of reflection) apply to all reflecting surfaces, including plane and curved/spherical mirrors.
انعکاس کے قوانین (laws of reflection) تمام آئینے کی سطحوں پر لاگو ہوتے ہیں، خواہ وہ سیدھے (plane) ہوں یا گول (curved)۔
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295📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
Changing the overall sensitivity of the image is:
Explanation
Brightness adaptation is the ability of the human visual system (and camera systems) to adjust its sensitivity to changes in overall light levels.
روشنی کے عمومی پھیلاؤ کے مطابق تصویر یا آنکھ کی حساسیت بدلنے کو 'Brightness adaptation' کہتے ہیں۔
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296📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
What is the aeroplane flying height to obtain the average scale of the photograph equal to 1/7200? (Ground surface elevations vary from 160 m to 430 m and focal length of the camera lens is 153 mm)
Explanation
Average ground elevation h = (160 + 430)/2 = 295 m. Scale S = f / (H - h) => 1/7200 = 0.153 / (H - 295) => H - 295 = 7200 * 0.153 = 1101.6 m => H = 1396.6 m ~ 1397 m.
اوسط بلندی h = 295 میٹر۔ فارمولا Scale = f / (H - h)۔ حل کرنے پر ہوائی جہاز کی بلندی H = 1397 میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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297📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
George Eastman introduced _____ in August 1888.
Explanation
George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera in August 1888, which utilized roll film and made photography accessible to the public.
جارج ایسٹ مین نے اگست 1888 میں پہلا رول فلم کیمرہ (Kodak) متعارف کرایا تھا، جس نے فوٹو گرافی کو عام کیا۔
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298📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
Daylight colour film is balanced for light at
Explanation
Daylight color film is balanced for daylight color temperatures, which is standard at 5400K to 5500K.
ڈے لائٹ کلر فلم دن کی روشنی (5400 سے 5500 کیلون) پر متوازن کی جاتی ہے۔
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299📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options. John decided to enroll in _____ MBA program at _____ University to enhance his business skills.
Explanation
Use 'an' before 'MBA' because it begins with a vowel sound (/ɛm/). Use 'a' before 'University' because it begins with a consonant sound (/juː/).
پروگرام میں 'MBA' سے پہلے 'an' لگے گا کیونکہ اس کا تلفظ حرفِ علت کی آواز (/ɛm/) سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔ 'University' سے پہلے 'a' لگے گا کیونکہ اس کا تلفظ حرفِ صحیح کی آواز (/juː/) سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔
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300📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options. I work at _____ company in New York. _____ company is called Global Tech Solutions.
Explanation
'a' is used for the first mention of a non-specific singular countable noun ('a company'). 'the' is used for the second mention because the company has now been specified.
پہلی بار کسی غیر مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر کرنے کے لیے 'a company' استعمال ہوگا، اور جب دوسری بار اسی مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر ہو تو 'the company' استعمال ہوگا۔
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301📚General EnglishHomonyms
Match the following pairs regarding homonyms and their meaning:

i. Stalk | 1. A site for mining stone
ii. Ream | 2. A tree's outer layer is composed of dead cells
iii. Quarry | 3. A kitchen utensil used to extract juice from citrus fruits.
iv. Bark | 4. Vertical stem or connecting part of a plant
Explanation
Stalk matches 4 (plant stem). Ream matches 3 (kitchen tool / juicer). Quarry matches 1 (stone mine). Bark matches 2 (tree outer layer). This corresponds to i-4, ii-3, iii-1, iv-2.
درست جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: Stalk کا مطلب پودے کا تنا (4)، Ream کا مطلب لیموں وغیرہ نچوڑنے کا آلہ (3)، Quarry کا مطلب پتھر کی کان (1)، اور Bark کا مطلب درخت کی چھال (2)۔ یہ ترتیب i-4, ii-3, iii-1, iv-2 بنتی ہے۔
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302📚General EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. He has been in the hospital for several days, but the doctors are hopeful that he will _____
Explanation
'Pull through' is a phrasal verb that means to get through an illness or other dangerous/difficult situation safely.
'Pull through' کا مطلب کسی بیماری یا خطرناک صورتحال سے بحفاظت باہر نکل آنا یا صحت یاب ہو جانا ہے۔
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303📚General EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. Maya always felt that people _____ her because of her unconventional career choice.
Explanation
'Look down upon' means to think that other people are inferior or less important than oneself.
'Look down upon' کا مطلب کسی کو حقارت یا کم تر نظر سے دیکھنا ہے۔
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304📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below. As they navigated through the dense forest, they stumbled _____ an ancient ruin that was hidden beneath the overgrown vegetation.
Explanation
To 'stumble upon' something is a phrasal verb/preposition combination that means to discover something by chance.
'Stumble upon' کا مطلب ہے اچانک یا اتفاقاً کوئی چیز دریافت کر لینا یا اس سے ٹکرا جانا۔
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305📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below. She walked _____ the bustling market, taking in the vibrant colors and enticing scents of fresh produce and spices.
Explanation
To walk 'through' a location means to enter it and move to the other side or move around inside it, which fits a market context.
بازار کے ایک سرے سے دوسرے سرے تک گزرنے یا اس کے اندر چلنے کے لیے 'through' (کے درمیان سے / کے ذریعے) کا استعمال بالکل درست ہے۔
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306📚General Awareness & Current AffairsFamous Personalities
The Indian to beat the computers in mathematical wizardry is
Explanation
Shakuntala Devi was an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the 'Human Computer' for her capability to solve complex math problems rapidly.
شکنتلا دیوی کو ریاضی کے پیچیدہ سوالات کمپیوٹر سے بھی تیز حل کرنے کی وجہ سے 'ہیومن کمپیوٹر' کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
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307📚General Awareness & Current AffairsLanguages of India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which state of India?
Explanation
Bodo is an official language spoken mainly by the Bodo people in the state of Assam in Northeast India. It is also listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ہندوستان کی شمال مشرقی ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ یہ آئین ہند کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں شامل ہے۔
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308📚General Awareness & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
What is the name of the UN body that settles legal disputes between member states?
Explanation
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations that settles legal disputes between states.
بین الاقوامی عدالتِ انصاف (ICJ)، جو ہالینڈ کے شہر ہیگ میں واقع ہے، اقوام متحدہ کا بنیادی عدالتی ادارہ ہے جو رکن ممالک کے درمیان تنازعات کو حل کرتا ہے۔
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309📚General Awareness & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?
Explanation
Myanmar is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The 8 SAARC members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
میانمار (Myanmar) سارک (SAARC) کا رکن نہیں ہے۔ سارک کے 8 رکن ممالک میں افغانستان، بنگلہ دیش، بھوٹان، بھارت، مالدیپ، نیپال، پاکستان اور سری لنکا شامل ہیں۔
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310📚General Awareness & Current AffairsVitamins
Vitamin B Complex consists of how many vitamins?
Explanation
The Vitamin B complex consists of 8 distinct B vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12 (cobalamin).
وٹامن بی کمپلیکس (Vitamin B Complex) کل 8 الگ وٹامنز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 اور B12۔
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311📚General Awareness & Current AffairsIndian Polity
The first woman Governor of a state in free India was
Explanation
Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to become the Governor of an Indian state (United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh) in independent India, from 1947 to 1949.
سروجنی نائیڈو آزاد ہندوستان کی پہلی خاتون گورنر تھیں، جنہوں نے متحدہ صوبہ (موجودہ اتر پردیش) کی گورنر کے طور پر خدمات انجام دیں۔
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312📚General Awareness & Current AffairsGeography Terms
The fertile land between two rivers is called
Explanation
The fertile tract of land lying between two converging rivers is known as a 'Doab' (from Persic: do = two, ab = water).
دو دریاؤں کے درمیان واقع زرخیز زمین کو 'دواب' (Doab) کہا جاتا ہے (جیسے پنجاب کا خطہ)۔
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313📚General Awareness & Current AffairsAgriculture
Where is Central Agriculture University situated?
Explanation
The Central Agricultural University (CAU) is located in Imphal, Manipur, established under the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992.
مرکزی زرعی یونیورسٹی (Central Agricultural University) منی پور کے دارالحکومت امفال (Imphal) میں واقع ہے۔
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314📚General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K Heritage
Consider the following statements.
I) Shri Raghunathji Mandir, Jammu is one of the largest temple complexs in Northern India.
II) The temple was built in 1857 by Maharaja Hari Singh.
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect because the Raghunath Temple complex construction was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1853 and completed by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 (not by Maharaja Hari Singh, who ruled much later).
بیان I درست ہے؛ رگھوناتھ مندر جموں و کشمیر اور شمالی ہند کے بڑے مندروں میں سے ہے۔ بیان II غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مندر مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے شروع کروایا اور مہاراجہ رنبیر سنگھ نے مکمل کروایا (نہ کہ مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ نے)۔
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315📚Elementary MathematicsPercentages
A man's wage was reduced by 50%. Again the reduced wage was increased by 50%. Find his loss in terms of percentage.
Explanation
Let the initial wage be 100. Reduced wage = 100 0.5 = 50. New increased wage = 50 1.5 = 75. Loss = 100 - 75 = 25%.
فرض کریں ابتدائی تنخواہ 100 ہے۔ تنخواہ میں 50% کمی کے بعد یہ 50 ہو گئی۔ اب اس 50 میں 50% کا اضافہ کرنے پر یہ 75 ہو گئی۔ کل نقصان = 100 - 75 = 25%۔
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316📚Elementary MathematicsProfit and Loss
A television manufacturer earns 20% profit by selling each T.V. set for Rs. 14400. If the production cost is increased by 15%, what should be the new selling price of a set so as to gain 15%?
Explanation
CP of TV = 14400 / 1.20 = Rs. 12000. New CP = 12000 1.15 = Rs. 13800. New SP for 15% profit = 13800 1.15 = Rs. 15870.
ٹی وی کی لاگت قیمت = 14400 / 1.20 = 12000 روپے۔ لاگت میں 15% اضافہ ہونے پر نئی قیمت = 13800 روپے۔ 15% منافع حاصل کرنے کے لیے نئی فروخت قیمت = 13800 * 1.15 = 15870 روپے۔
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317📚Elementary MathematicsRatio and Proportion
Five mangoes and four oranges cost as much as three mangoes and seven oranges. What is the ratio of the cost of one mango to the cost of one orange?
Explanation
Let M be cost of a mango, O be cost of an orange. 5M + 4O = 3M + 7O => 2M = 3O => M/O = 3/2 or 3:2.
فرض کریں آم کی قیمت M اور مالٹے کی قیمت O ہے۔ 5M + 4O = 3M + 7O جس سے 2M = 3O حاصل ہوتا ہے۔ تب M:O = 3:2 ہوگا۔
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318📚General Intelligence & ReasoningCoding-Decoding
In a certain code language, 'FARM' is coded as HDTP and 'EGGS' is coded as GJIV. How will 'FOOD' be coded in the same language?
Explanation
The coding pattern is an alternating shift of +2 and +3 for letters: F(+2)->H, A(+3)->D, R(+2)->T, M(+3)->P. Applying this to FOOD: F(+2)->H, O(+3)->R, O(+2)->Q, D(+3)->G. So, FOOD is coded as HRQG.
کوڈنگ کا پٹرن باری باری +2 اور +3 حروف آگے بڑھانا ہے: F(+2)->H, A(+3)->D۔ اسی طرح FOOD کے لیے: F(+2)->H, O(+3)->R, O(+2)->Q, D(+3)->G بنتا ہے۔ کوڈ 'HRQG' ہے۔
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319📚General Intelligence & ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a man, Rocky (a man) said, "He is the father of the daughter of my daughter-in-law." How Rocky is related to that man?
Explanation
'my daughter-in-law's daughter' is Rocky's granddaughter. The father of his granddaughter is his son. Rocky (being a male) is the father of that man.
راکھی کہتا ہے: 'میری بہو کی بیٹی کا باپ'۔ بہو کی بیٹی پوتی ہوئی، اور پوتی کا باپ راکھی کا بیٹا ہوا۔ چونکہ راکھی مرد ہے، اس لیے وہ اس شخص کا باپ (Father) ہوگا۔
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320📚General Awareness & Current AffairsSearch Engines
An example of an 'Internet search engine' is:
Explanation
Yahoo is a web search engine, whereas Linux and Windows are Operating Systems, and MS Excel is an application spreadsheet software.
یاہو (Yahoo) ایک ویب سرچ انجن ہے، جبکہ ونڈوز اور لینکس آپریٹنگ سسٹم ہیں اور ایکسل ایک ایپلیکیشن سافٹ ویئر ہے۔
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321📚General Awareness & Current AffairsNetwork Services
Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
Explanation
Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network connections to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
ٹیل نیٹ (Telnet) وہ سروس ہے جو کسی صارف کو نیٹ ورک پر موجود کسی دوسرے کمپیوٹر میں لاگ ان ہونے اور اسے کنٹرول کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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322📚General Awareness & Current AffairsProtocols
The "S" in HTTPS stands for?
Explanation
In HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), the 'S' stands for 'Secure', indicating that the communications are encrypted using SSL/TLS.
HTTPS میں 'S' کا مطلب 'Secure' (محفوظ) ہے، جو یہ ظاہر کرتا ہے کہ ویب سائٹ کے ساتھ ڈیٹا کا تبادلہ خفیہ کاری (encryption) کے ذریعے محفوظ ہے۔
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323📚General Awareness & Current AffairsURL
What is the URL of a website?
Explanation
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the unique address of a web resource (like a website) on the Internet.
یو آر ایل (URL) سے مراد انٹرنیٹ پر موجود کسی ویب سائٹ کا منفرد پتہ یا لوکیشن (address) ہے۔
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324📚General Awareness & Current AffairsWeb Browsers
Which of these are web browsers?
Explanation
Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Brave are all software applications used to access the World Wide Web (web browsers).
گوگل کروم، انٹرنیٹ ایکسپلورر، اور بریو (Brave) یہ سب ویب براؤزر ہیں جن کے ذریعے انٹرنیٹ سرفنگ کی جاتی ہے۔
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325📚General Awareness & Current AffairsProtocols
What does FTP stand for?
Explanation
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client.
ایف ٹی پی کا مطلب 'فائل ٹرانسفر پروٹوکول' (File Transfer Protocol) ہے، جو نیٹ ورک پر فائلوں کے تبادلے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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326📚General Awareness & Current AffairsSoftware Types
Which of the following is designed to control the operations of a computer?
Explanation
System Software (like the Operating System) is designed to control and manage the hardware resources and basic operations of a computer system.
سسٹم سافٹ ویئر (جیسے آپریٹنگ سسٹم) کمپیوٹر کے بنیادی کاموں کو کنٹرول کرنے اور ہارڈ ویئر کو منظم کرنے کے لیے ڈیزائن کیا جاتا ہے۔
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327📚General Awareness & Current AffairsCompilers
The compiler converts a program into
Explanation
A compiler converts high-level programming code into machine language (binary language: 0s and 1s) that the CPU can execute directly.
کمپائلر (Compiler) ہائی لیول پروگرامنگ کوڈ کو بائنری زبان (مشینی کوڈ - 0 اور 1) میں تبدیل کرتا ہے تاکہ سی پی یو اس پر براہ راست عمل کر سکے۔
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328📚General Awareness & Current AffairsWWW
World Wide Web is a standard maintained by
Explanation
The standards and protocols for the World Wide Web are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium, commonly abbreviated as W3C.
ورلڈ وائیڈ ویب کے معیارات اور ضوابط W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) کے ذریعہ برقرار رکھے جاتے ہیں۔
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329📚General Awareness & Current AffairsCybersecurity
Select the correct match:

i. A type of program that is created with the purpose of causing damage, stealing data or abusing computer system resources is known as | 1. Privacy
ii. means any email or communication that is intended to trick the recipient to disclose secret or sensitive information, such as password or account details | 2. Malware
iii. Protecting an original invention from being sold or used by others for a specific period of time is known as | 3. Phishing
iv. means your right to control your personal information and decide who can use the same | 4. Patents
Explanation
Damaging software is Malware (i-2). Trick communication is Phishing (ii-3). Invention protection is Patents (iii-4). Control over personal information is Privacy (iv-1). This corresponds to i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1.
درست مماثلت یہ ہے: نقصان پہنچانے والا سافٹ ویئر مالویئر ہے (i-2)، معلومات چرانے والا فریب فیشنگ ہے (ii-3)، ایجاد کا تحفظ پیٹنٹ ہے (iii-4) اور ذاتی معلومات کا کنٹرول پرائیویسی ہے (iv-1)۔ یہ ترتیب i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1 بنتی ہے۔
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330📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank.

Everyone in this world is accountable to God _____ his actions.
Explanation
The preposition 'for' is used after 'accountable' to indicate the thing/actions a person is responsible for. Thus, 'accountable to God for his actions'.
کسی چیز یا عمل کے لیے جوابدہ ہونے کے واسطے 'accountable' کے بعد 'for' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ یعنی اپنے اعمال کے لیے خدا کے حضور جوابدہ ہونا۔
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331📚General EnglishVerbs
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The sky is quite overcast. We're _____ to have rain today.
Explanation
'We're likely to have rain today' is the correct idiomatic phrase indicating probability when the sky is overcast.
بادل چھائے ہونے کے بعد بارش کے قوی امکان کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'likely' (امکان ہونا) موزوں ترین لفظ ہے۔
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332📚General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History
In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?
Explanation
English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.
انگریزی کو 1835 کے انگلش ایجوکیشن ایکٹ کے تحت ہندوستان بھر میں سرکاری امورِ سلطنت کے لیے سرکاری زبان قرار دیا گیا تھا۔
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333📚General Awareness & ScienceInternational Organizations
Match the following International organization to its Headquarters.

1. INTERPOL - i. Lyon, France
2. WWF - ii. Montreal, Canada
3. EU - iii. Vaud, Switzerland
4. ICAO - iv. Brussels, Belgium

Match the above pairs appropriately.
Explanation
The correct matching is: INTERPOL - Lyon, France (1-i), WWF - Vaud, Switzerland (specifically Gland) (2-iii), EU - Brussels, Belgium (3-iv), and ICAO - Montreal, Canada (4-ii). This matches option B.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: انٹرپول - لیون، فرانس (1-i)، ورلڈ وائلڈ لائف فنڈ (WWF) - ووڈ، سوئٹزرلینڈ (2-iii)، یورپی یونین (EU) - برسلز، بیلجیم (3-iv) اور آئی سی اے او (ICAO) - مونٹریال، کینیڈا (4-ii)۔ یہ آپشن B ہے۔
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334📐MathematicsSpeed, Time & Distance
A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.
Explanation
Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.
فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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335📚Mental Ability & ReasoningLetter Series
Find the missing letters in the following sequence in the correct order:

abca_bcaab_ca_bbc_a
Explanation
The sequence repeats an expanding group: 'abc' / 'aabc' / 'aabbc' / 'aabbcc' / 'a'. Filling in 'abac' at the blank positions completes this pattern: abca(a)bcaab(b)ca(a)bbc(c)a.
یہ سلسلہ بتدریج پھیلنے والے حروف کے گروپ پر مشتمل ہے: abc / aabc / aabbc / aabbcc / a۔ خالی جگہوں پر 'abac' بھرنے سے یہ ترتیب مکمل ہو جاتی ہے۔
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336📚Mental Ability & ReasoningCoding-Decoding
If in a certain language PROSE is coded as PPOQE, how is LIGHT coded in that code?
Explanation
The pattern is: odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th) remain unchanged (P->P, O->O, E->E), while even positions (2nd, 4th) are shifted 2 letters backward (R - 2 = P, S - 2 = Q). Applying this to LIGHT: L->L, I-2->G, G->G, H-2->F, T->T. Result: LGGFT.
پیٹرن یہ ہے: طاق پوزیشنوں (1st, 3rd, 5th) کے حروف تبدیل نہیں ہوتے، جبکہ جفت پوزیشنوں (2nd, 4th) کے حروف 2 مقام پیچھے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ اس اصول کے تحت LIGHT کا کوڈ LGGFT بنے گا۔
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337📚Mental Ability & ReasoningBlood Relations
Introducing a woman, a man said, "Her husband is the only son of my father". How is that woman related to the man?
Explanation
The 'only son of my father' for a man is the man himself. Therefore, the woman's husband is the man himself, meaning she is his wife.
ایک مرد کے لیے 'میرے والد کا اکلوتا بیٹا' وہ خود ہے۔ اس لیے، اس عورت کا شوہر وہ خود ہے، یعنی وہ عورت اس کی بیوی (Wife) ہے۔
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338📚Mental Ability & ReasoningAssertion & Reason
For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative

Assertion (A): Simla is colder than Delhi.
Reason (R): Simla is at a higher altitude as compared to Delhi.
Explanation
Both statements are true. As altitude increases, temperature decreases. Simla is colder than Delhi because it is at a higher altitude, making R the correct explanation of A.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور R، بیان A کی صحیح تشریح ہے۔ بلندی پر جانے سے درجہ حرارت گرتا ہے۔ شملہ، دہلی کے مقابلے زیادہ بلندی پر واقع ہے، اسی لیے وہاں سردی زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔
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339📚Mental Ability & ReasoningSyllogism
Two statements are followed by four conclusions numbered in I, II, III, IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows:

Statements:
1. All stars are planets.
2. All planets are trees.

Conclusions:
I. All planets are stars
II. All stars are trees
III. All trees are planets
IV. Some trees are stars
Explanation
Since all stars are planets and all planets are trees, we can conclude that all stars are trees (II). Also, since all stars are trees, some trees must be stars (IV). Conclusions I and III do not necessarily follow.
چونکہ تمام ستارے سیارے ہیں اور تمام سیارے درخت ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ تمام ستارے درخت ہیں (II)۔ اور اگر تمام ستارے درخت ہیں، تو کچھ درخت ستارے ہوں گے (IV)۔ اس لیے صرف II اور IV درست ہیں۔
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340📚Computer ApplicationsOperating Systems
The functions of operating systems are:

i. Process management
ii. Memory management
iii. File management
iv. Device management

Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
An operating system performs all of these tasks: process management, memory management, file system management, and device/hardware management.
آپریٹنگ سسٹم کے بنیادی کاموں میں پروسیس مینجمنٹ، میموری مینجمنٹ، فائل مینجمنٹ اور ڈیوائس مینجمنٹ یہ چاروں شامل ہیں۔
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341📚Computer ApplicationsOffice Applications
Which of the following is a spreadsheet application program?
Explanation
MS Excel is a spreadsheet application program. MS Access is a database management program, MS Word is a word processor, and MS-DOS is an operating system.
ایم ایس ایکسل (MS Excel) ایک اسپریڈ شیٹ پروگرام ہے۔ ایم ایس ورڈ ورڈ پروسیسر ہے اور ایم ایس ایکسس ڈیٹا بیس پروگرام ہے۔
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342📚Computer ApplicationsComputer Hardware & Software
Match List-I with List-II and Select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

List - I:
i. Operating System
ii. Input Device
iii. Output Device

List - II:
1. Scanning Devices
2. Security Management
3. Projectors
Explanation
Operating System handles security management (i-2), Input Device includes scanning devices (ii-1), and Output Device includes projectors (iii-3). This matches option C.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: آپریٹنگ سسٹم - سیکیورٹی مینجمنٹ (i-2)، ان پٹ ڈیوائس - اسکیننگ ڈیوائسز (ii-1)، آؤٹ پٹ ڈیوائس - پروجیکٹر (iii-3)۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
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343📚Computer ApplicationsInternet Services
________ is the widely used service of the ________ through which users can send and receive messages in an efficient way.
Explanation
E-mail (electronic mail) is a widely used service of the Internet that allows users to send and receive text, documents, and media messages efficiently.
ای میل (E-mail) انٹرنیٹ (Internet) کی ایک سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والی سروس ہے جس کے ذریعے صارفین تیزی سے پیغامات بھیج اور وصول کر سکتے ہیں۔
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344📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomWiring Systems
Which of the permanent wiring systems is/are most preferably used for residential and commercial applications?

I. CTS
II. TRS
III. Cleat
IV. Conduit

Choose the correct answer.
Explanation
Conduit wiring (IV) is the most preferred modern permanent system, but CTS (Cab Tyre Sheathed, I) and TRS (Tough Rubber Sheathed, II) are also classified as historical permanent wiring systems. Cleat wiring (III) is purely temporary. Thus, Option C is correct.
کونڈوٹ وائرنگ (IV) سب سے موزوں جدید مستقل نظام ہے۔ CTS (I) اور TRS (II) کو بھی پرانے مستقل نظاموں میں شمار کیا جاتا ہے۔ جبکہ کلیٹ وائرنگ (III) عارضی ہوتی ہے۔ اس لیے صحیح جواب I, II اور IV ہے۔
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345📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomAmplitude Modulation
Consider the following statements:

Statement (I): In AM systems the modulation index (0 < m < 1) should be high.
Statement (II): The higher the value of m, the greater the power in the sidebands.

Choose the correct option.
Explanation
In AM systems, the sideband power is given by Pc(m2/2)P_c(m^2/2). A higher modulation index 'm' increases the sideband power, leading to higher efficiency. Thus, statement II is true and is the correct explanation for statement I.
ایمپلی ٹیوڈ ماڈیولیشن (AM) میں سائیڈ بینڈ پاور کا فارمولا Pc(m^2/2) ہے۔ ماڈیولیشن انڈیکس 'm' جتنا زیادہ ہوگا، سائیڈ بینڈ میں اتنی ہی زیادہ طاقت ہوگی اور سگنل زیادہ موثر ہوگا۔ لہذا دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور دوسرا بیان پہلے کی صحیح وضاحت کرتا ہے۔
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346📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomAmplitude Modulation
Fill in the blank. "The generation of single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) signal is done by ________ discrimination methods."
Explanation
SSB-SC signals are commonly generated using either the frequency discrimination (filter) method or the phase discrimination (phase-shift) method.
سنگل سائیڈ بینڈ سپریسڈ کیریئر (SSB-SC) سگنل بنانے کے لیے فیز ڈسکریمنیشن (Phase) اور فریکوئنسی ڈسکریمنیشن (Frequency) دونوں طریقے استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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347📚Computer ApplicationsFrequencies
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

List-X:
i. VHF
ii. UHF
iii. HF
iv. SHF

List-Y:
1. Commonly used for FM radio and TV channels
2. Used in cellular networks and TV broadcasting
3. Mainly used in amateur and shortwave radio
4. Often used in satellite communications
Explanation
The correct matching is: VHF - FM radio/TV (i-1); UHF - cellular/TV broadcasting (ii-2); HF - amateur/shortwave radio (iii-3); SHF - satellite communications (iv-4). This matches option D.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: VHF - ایف ایم ریڈیو اور ٹی وی چینلز (i-1)، UHF - سیلولر نیٹ ورک اور ٹی وی براڈکاسٹ (ii-2)، HF - شارٹ ویو ریڈیو (iii-3) اور SHF - سیٹلائٹ مواصلات (iv-4)۔ یہ آپشن D ہے۔
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348📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Economy
How many times in a year does the RBI release the Monetary Policy?
Explanation
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) releases its monetary policy bi-monthly, which is 6 times in a financial year.
ریزرو بینک آف انڈیا (RBI) ہر دو ماہ بعد اپنی مانیٹری پالیسی جاری کرتا ہے، جو ایک مالی سال میں 6 بار بنتی ہے۔
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349📚🔭 SciencePlaces & Administration
In which district is the Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army located?
Explanation
The Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army is located in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir.
ہندوستانی فوج کی سدرن اور نادرن کمانڈز میں سے نادرن کمانڈ (Northern Command) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ادھم پور میں واقع ہے۔
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350📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blank using a meaningful phrase: If you don't know the meaning of 'posse', why don't you _______ the word in a dictionary?
Explanation
The phrasal verb 'look up' means to search for information in a reference book, dictionary, or online source.
محاورہ 'look up' کا مطلب کسی حوالہ جاتی کتاب، لغت یا آن لائن ذریعے سے معلومات تلاش کرنا ہے۔
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351📚🔢 MathTime & Work
P can do a job in 15 days. In how many days can P and Q together complete the job if Q is twice as fast as P?
Explanation
Let P's rate of work be 1 unit/day. Total work = 15 units. Q is twice as fast as P, so Q's rate is 2 units/day. Combined rate = 1 + 2 = 3 units/day. Time together = 15 / 3 = 5 days.
فرض کریں P روزانہ 1 یونٹ کام کرتا ہے۔ کل کام = 15 یونٹ۔ Q کی رفتار دگنی ہے یعنی روزانہ 2 یونٹ۔ دونوں مل کر روزانہ 3 یونٹ کام کریں گے۔ مجموعی وقت = 15 / 3 = 5 دن۔
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352📚💻 ComputerComputer Networks
What is the full form of HTTPS?
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure version of HTTP used to encrypt communications.
HTTPS کا مطلب Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure ہے۔ یہ انٹرنیٹ پر محفوظ مواصلات کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا پروٹوکول ہے۔
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353📚💻 ComputerProgramming Languages
Which of these computer languages do we use in Artificial Intelligence?
Explanation
PROLOG (Programming in Logic) is widely used in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.
پروگلاگ (PROLOG) ایک منطقی پروگرامنگ زبان ہے جو بڑے پیمانے پر مصنوعی ذہانت (AI) میں استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
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354📚💻 ComputerComputer Software
A program that converts assembly language to machine language is called:
Explanation
An assembler is a utility program that translates assembly language source code into machine language/object code.
اسمبلر (Assembler) وہ پروگرام ہے جو اسمبلی زبان میں لکھے گئے کوڈ کو مشین کے سمجھنے والی زبان (Machine Language) میں تبدیل کرتا ہے۔
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355📚🔢 MathPercentages
A man spends 35% of his income on house rent, and 75% of the remaining on other items. What percentage of his income does he save?
Explanation
Let income be 100. Rent = 35. Remaining = 65. Spent on other items = 75% of 65 = 48.75. Total spending = 35 + 48.75 = 83.75. Savings = 100 - 83.75 = 16.25%.
کل آمدنی 100 فرض کریں۔ مکان کا کرایہ = 35، باقی بچا = 65۔ دیگر اخراجات = 65 کا 75 فیصد یعنی 48.75۔ کل خرچ = 83.75۔ بچت = 16.25 فیصد۔
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356📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:
Explanation
Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.
اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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357📚💻 ComputerComputer History
Who was the founder of the Free Software Foundation?
Explanation
Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985 to support the free software movement.
رچرڈ اسٹال مین نے اکتوبر 1985 میں فری سافٹ ویئر موومنٹ کی حمایت کے لیے 'فری سافٹ ویئر فاؤنڈیشن' (FSF) کی بنیاد رکھی تھی۔
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358📚🌍 General AwarenessAwards & Honors
Who won the Sahitya Akademi Award for Kashmiri language for the year 2022?
Explanation
Farooq Fayaz won the Sahitya Akademi Award 2022 in Kashmiri language for his literary criticism book 'Zael Dab'.
فاروق فیاض نے اپنی ادبی تنقید کی کتاب 'زیل ڈب' (Zael Dab) کے لیے سال 2022 کا کشمیری زبان کا ساہتیہ اکادمی ایوارڈ جیتا۔
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359📚🔭 SciencePlaces & Administration
Match the following tourist/cultural titles of J&K with their correct districts:

P. Chhota Kashi - Samba
Q. Land of Devika - Udhampur
R. District of Lakes - Ganderbal
S. Land of Springs - Anantnag
Explanation
Chhota Kashi refers to Purmandal (Samba - iii), Land of Devika is Udhampur (i), District of Lakes is Ganderbal (ii), and Land of Springs is Anantnag (iv). This matches option A.
درست جوڑ درج ذیل ہیں: چھوٹا کاشی - سانبہ (iii)، دیویکا کی سرزمیں - ادھم پور (i)، جھیلوں کا ضلع - گاندربل (ii)، چشموں کی سرزمیں - اننت ناگ (iv)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
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360📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
According to the passage, why is fire called a wonder?
Explanation
The passage notes that fire always remained a miracle (wonder) to primitive man because 'Man did not invent it; probably nature produced a marvel for him...'. They did not fully understand its chemical nature.
عبارت کے مطابق، آگ کو ایک عجوبہ کہا جاتا ہے کیونکہ انسان نے اسے ایجاد نہیں کیا تھا اور نہ ہی وہ اس کی کیمیائی نوعیت کو پوری طرح سمجھ سکتا تھا۔
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361📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
What was the duty of the virgins in the Temple of Vesta?
Explanation
The passage mentions: 'The Romans even punished with death the careless virgins of the Temple of Vesta who allowed the sacred fire to be extinguished.' Their duty was to keep the sacred fire burning.
رومیوں کے مندر وسٹا کی دوشیزاؤں کی ذمہ داری یہ تھی کہ وہ مندر کی مقدس آگ کو کبھی بجھنے نہ دیں، ورنہ موت کی سزا ملتی تھی۔
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362📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
Explanation
The passage states: 'Man did not invent it; probably nature produced a marvel for him...'. Therefore, the statement 'Man invented fire' is not true.
عبارت کے مطابق 'انسان نے آگ ایجاد نہیں کی تھی'، لہذا یہ بیان کہ 'انسان نے آگ ایجاد کی' غلط اور غیر حقیقت پسندانہ ہے۔
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363📚🧩 ReasoningCounting Figures
How many squares are there in this standard figure?
Explanation
Assuming the standard 4x4 grid of squares: Total squares = 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30.
4x4 گرڈ کے معیاری پانسے کے مطابق: کل چوکوروں (Squares) کی تعداد = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30 ہوتی ہے۔
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364📚🔢 MathFractions & Decimals
From a rope of 30 meters long, a person cuts off as many pieces as possible, each 3163\frac{1}{6} meters long. What fraction of the whole will be left? (Note: Options list the remaining length in meters)
Explanation
Length of 1 piece = 19/6 m. Number of pieces = floor(30 / (19/6)) = floor(180/19) = 9. Total length cut = 9 * 19/6 = 57/2 = 28.5 m. Remaining length = 30 - 28.5 = 1.5 m. Note that 1.5 m is equivalent to 9/6 meters, which is option A. The actual fraction of the whole rope is 1.5 / 30 = 1/20.
ایک ٹکڑے کی لمبائی = 19/6 میٹر۔ کل ٹکڑے = 9۔ کٹی ہوئی رسی = 28.5 میٹر۔ باقی بچنے والی لمبائی = 1.5 میٹر، جو کہ 9/6 کے برابر ہے (آپشن A)۔ پوری رسی کا فریکشن 1.5/30 = 1/20 ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
365📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.
Explanation
Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.
دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
366📚📚 Social ScienceModern Indian History
Match the following historical events/missions with their correct objectives:

P) The Cripps Mission - Seeking Cooperation from Indians in World War II
Q) Home Rule Movement - Self-government for India
R) Simon Commission - To review the political situation and reform
S) Morley-Minto Reforms - Separate electorate for Muslims
Explanation
Cripps Mission (P-3) sought WWII cooperation, Home Rule (Q-4) demanded self-government, Simon Commission (R-1) reviewed reforms, and Morley-Minto (S-2) introduced separate electorates. This matches option C.
کرپس مشن (P-3) دوسری جنگ عظیم میں تعاون کے لیے تھا، ہوم رول تحریک (Q-4) خود مختاری کے لیے تھی، سائمن کمیشن (R-1) اصلاحات کا جائزہ لینے آیا، اور مارلے منٹو اصلاحات (S-2) نے مسلمانوں کے لیے الگ حلقہ انتخاب متعارف کرایا۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
367📚📚 Social ScienceAncient Indian History
Find the correct chronological (increasing/historical timeline) order of the reigns of the following rulers:

P) Chandragupta I of the Guptas
Q) Kanishka of the Kushanas
R) Simuka of the Satavahanas
S) Rudradaman of the Shakas
Explanation
Simuka founded Satavahanas (c. 1st century BC - R), Kanishka ruled Kushanas (c. 127 AD - Q), Rudradaman of Shakas ruled (c. 130 AD - S), and Chandragupta I ruled Guptas (c. 319 AD - P). Hence, the chronological order is RQSP.
سیموکا (R) قبل مسیح میں تھے، کینشکا (Q) تقریباً 127 عیسوی، ردرا دمن (S) تقریباً 130 عیسوی، اور چندرگپت اول (P) 319 عیسوی میں تخت نشین ہوئے۔ اس لیے تاریخی ترتیب RQSP ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
368📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech
When the following sentence in direct speech is changed to indirect speech, identify the correct option: The Colonel said, "Get ready for our departure."
Explanation
An imperative direct command 'Get ready...' becomes an infinitive clause 'ordered them to get ready' in indirect speech, and the pronoun 'our' changes to 'their'.
بلاواسطہ حکم نامہ 'Get ready...' بالواسطہ بیان میں تبدیل ہو کر 'ordered them to get ready' بن جاتا ہے اور ضمیر 'our' تبدیل ہو کر 'their' ہو جاتا ہے۔
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369📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to an old man, Naresh said, "His son is my son's uncle." How is Naresh related to the old man?
Explanation
Naresh's son's uncle is Naresh's brother. Since the old man's son is Naresh's brother, Naresh is also the son of the old man.
نریش کے بیٹے کا ماموں/چچا (Uncle) خود نریش کا بھائی ہے۔ چونکہ بوڑھے کا بیٹا نریش کا بھائی ہے، اس لیے نریش اس بوڑھے کا بیٹا (Son) ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
370📚💻 ComputerComputer Networks
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) is a classic example of which type of switching?
Explanation
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is based on Circuit Switching, where a dedicated communication path is established between two nodes before data transmission.
عوامی سوئچ شدہ ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک (PSTN) سرکٹ سوئچنگ (Circuit Switching) کی ایک بہترین مثال ہے، جس میں مواصلات کے دوران ایک مستقل لنک قائم کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
371📚Building Materials & ConstructionConic Sections
Consider that the apex angle of the cone is 2θ2\theta when the cone is cut by a section plane at an angle α\alpha where α\alpha is more than half of the apex angle i.e., θ\theta and less than 90°, the curve of the section will be
Explanation
In conic sections, if the section plane makes an angle α\alpha with the axis of the cone such that θ<α<90∘\theta < \alpha < 90^\circ (where θ\theta is the semi-vertical angle, i.e., half of the apex angle), the resulting section is an Ellipse. If α=90∘\alpha = 90^\circ, it's a circle; if α=θ\alpha = \theta, it's a parabola; if α<θ\alpha < \theta, it's a hyperbola.
مخروطی حصوں (Conic Sections) میں، اگر سیکشن پلین مخروط کے محور کے ساتھ ایسا زاویہ α\alpha بنائے کہ θ<α<90∘\theta < \alpha < 90^\circ ہو (جہاں θ\theta سیمی ورٹیکل زاویہ یعنی ایپیکس زاویے کا نصف ہے)، تو حاصل ہونے والی شکل بیضوی (Ellipse) ہوتی ہے۔ اگر α=90∘\alpha = 90^\circ ہو تو دائرہ، اور اگر α=θ\alpha = \theta ہو تو پیرابولا بنتا ہے۔
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372📚Building Materials & ConstructionProjections
When the object is situated in First quadrant, that is, in front of Vertical Plane and above Horizontal Plane, the projections obtained on these planes is called
Explanation
When the object is placed in the first quadrant (above the Horizontal Plane and in front of the Vertical Plane), the projection system used is called the First Angle Projection.
جب کسی چیز کو پہلے کواڈرینٹ (افقی سطح سے اوپر اور عمودی سطح کے سامنے) میں رکھا جاتا ہے، تو اس پروجیکشن سسٹم کو فرسٹ اینگل پروجیکشن (First Angle Projection) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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373📚Building Materials & ConstructionProjections
For orthographic projection, the following statement is true:
Explanation
In orthographic projection, the projectors (parallel projection lines) are parallel to each other and perpendicular (orthogonal) to the plane of projection.
آرتھوگرافک پروجیکشن (Orthographic Projection) میں، پروجیکٹرز (پروجیکشن لائنیں) ایک دوسرے کے متوازی (Parallel) اور پروجیکشن کی سطح پر عموداً (Perpendicular) ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
374📚Building Materials & ConstructionAutoCAD Commands
What is the shortcut for zoom command in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD, the zoom function can be executed by entering 'Z' (alias for ZOOM command) in the command line, typing the full 'ZOOM' command, or interactively rotating the mouse wheel.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں، زوم (Zoom) کمانڈ کو چالو کرنے کے لیے کمانڈ لائن پر 'Z' ٹائپ کیا جا سکتا ہے، پوری 'Zoom' کمانڈ لکھی جا سکتی ہے، یا ماؤس کا وہیل گھمایا جا سکتا ہے۔ اس لیے تمام طریقے درست ہیں۔
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375📚Surveying & LevellingGeodetic Surveying
In great survey networks, typically
Explanation
In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.
بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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376📚Surveying & LevellingProjections
In orthographic projection, each projection view represents how many dimensions of an object?
Explanation
Each view in an orthographic projection (such as front view, top view, or side view) represents exactly two dimensions of a three-dimensional object (e.g., front view shows length and height).
آرتھوگرافک پروجیکشن کے ہر ایک ویو (جیسے سامنے کا ویو، اوپر کا ویو) میں کسی بھی سہ جہتی (3D) چیز کی صرف دو پیمائشیں (Dimensions) دکھائی دیتی ہیں۔
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377📚Surveying & LevellingRoofs
The term pitch in connection with pitched roofs is defined as
Explanation
The pitch of a roof is defined as its angle of inclination to the horizontal plane. It can also be expressed as the ratio of rise to span.
ڈھلوانی چھتوں (Pitched roofs) کے سلسلے میں 'پچ' (pitch) سے مراد چھت کے اطراف کا افقی سطح (horizontal plane) کے ساتھ بننے والا جھکاؤ یا زاویہ ہے۔
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378📚Surveying & LevellingBuilding Planning
The term _______ is used to mean the external views as seen from certain rooms of the building.
Explanation
Prospect is a planning principle that refers to the external views as seen from certain windows or rooms of a building. Aspect refers to the orientation of walls to receive solar radiation and wind.
بلڈنگ پلاننگ میں، کسی کمرے کے اندر سے باہر کا خوبصورت نظارہ نظر آنے کی خصوصیت کو 'پروسپیکٹ' (Prospect) کہا جاتا ہے۔ دیواروں کی سمت بندی کو اسپیکٹ کہتے ہیں۔
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379📚Surveying & LevellingSurveying Principles
In plane surveying,
Explanation
In plane surveying, the mean surface of the earth is treated as a plane surface, and the curvature of the earth is neglected. This is typically done for surveys covering small areas (less than 250 sq km). Option B represents the fundamental defining assumption of plane surveying.
پلین سروے (Plane surveying) میں زمین کی مہراب دار سطح کو ہموار سمجھا جاتا ہے اور زمین کی گولائی (curvature) کو نظر انداز کر دیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ عام طور پر چھوٹے علاقوں کے سروے کے لیے ہوتا ہے۔
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380📚Surveying & LevellingBridge Engineering
Bridge over a dry valley is known as
Explanation
A viaduct is a bridge structure composed of several small spans carrying a road or railway over a dry valley, gorge, or low-lying land, instead of a watercourse.
خشک وادی یا کھائی کے اوپر بنائے جانے والے طویل پل کو وایاڈکٹ (Viaduct) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ پانی کے اوپر نہیں بلکہ زمین کے نشیب و فراز پر بنتا ہے۔
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381📚Engineering Drawing & CADInternet & Web
A program that looks through the internet for web pages on a particular topic is called
Explanation
A search engine (like Google, Bing, etc.) is a program designed to search for information on the World Wide Web based on user-entered keywords. A browser is the software client used to access these web pages.
انٹرنیٹ پر مخصوص عنوانات کی ویب سائٹس کو تلاش کرنے والے پروگرام کو سرچ انجن (Search engine) کہتے ہیں۔ ویب براؤزر ان صفحات کو دیکھنے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا سافٹ ویئر ہے۔
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382📚Engineering Drawing & CADOperating System Commands
Which DOS command displays only file and directory names without size, date and time information?
Explanation
The `/b` switch in the `dir` command (i.e. `dir /b`) stands for 'bare format'. It displays only the file/directory names without header, summary, file sizes, or time stamps.
کمانڈ پرامپٹ میں `dir /b` کمانڈ فائل اور ڈائرکٹری کے نام صرف سادہ فارمیٹ (bare format) میں دکھاتی ہے، جس میں سائز اور تاریخ کی معلومات نہیں ہوتیں۔
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383📚Engineering Drawing & CADCement
Which of these benefits is absent in rapid hardening cement?
Explanation
Rapid hardening cement has the same density and weight as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). It is finely ground to achieve early strength, but it is not lightweight. Therefore, 'light in weight' is not a benefit of RHC.
ریپڈ ہارڈننگ سیمنٹ (Rapid hardening cement) جلدی طاقت حاصل کرنے کے لیے زیادہ باریک پیسا جاتا ہے، لیکن یہ وزن میں ہلکا (Light in weight) نہیں ہوتا۔ اس کا وزن عام سیمنٹ جتنا ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست ہے۔
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384📚Engineering Drawing & CADScales
A playground which is 16 m² in reality consists of an area of 1 m² on the city plan. What is the scale of the city plan?
Explanation
Area Scale = 1 m2:16 m2=1/161 \text{ m}^2 : 16 \text{ m}^2 = 1 / 16. The linear scale (Representative Fraction) is the square root of the area scale: 1/16=1/4=1:4\sqrt{1 / 16} = 1 / 4 = 1:4.
رقبے کا اسکیل = 1 m2:16 m2=1/161 \text{ m}^2 : 16 \text{ m}^2 = 1 / 16۔ لمبائی کا لکیری اسکیل رقبے کے اسکیل کا مربع جذر ہوتا ہے: 1/16=1/4=1:4\sqrt{1 / 16} = 1 / 4 = 1:4۔ اس لیے نقشے کا اسکیل 1:4 ہے۔
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385📚Engineering Drawing & CADProjections
When the projectors are at 63.26 degrees to the plane of projection, and receding lines are half the true length, the oblique drawing is called
Explanation
In oblique drawing, when the receding lines are drawn to half their actual length (using a projection angle of 63.26° or 63.43°), it is called Cabinet Projection. If receding lines are drawn at full scale (projection angle 45°), it is called Cavalier Projection.
اوبلیک ڈرائنگ (Oblique drawing) میں، جب پیچھے جانے والی لائنوں (receding lines) کی لمبائی حقیقی لمبائی سے آدھی دکھائی جائے (زاویہ 63.26°)، تو اسے کیبنٹ پروجیکشن (Cabinet projection) کہتے ہیں۔ اگر پوری دکھائی جائے تو اسے کیولیئر پروجیکشن کہتے ہیں۔
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386📚Engineering Drawing & CADSoil Mechanics
In which type of shear failure does the failure surface NOT extend upto the ground surface when a strip footing rests on loose sand or soft clay?
Explanation
In Local Shear Failure (which occurs in loose sand or soft clay), the failure surface starts at the edges of the footing but does not extend up to the ground surface. (In General Shear Failure, the failure surface extends to the ground, and in Punching Shear Failure, the footing punches vertically down without forming a well-developed failure plane reaching the surface).
لوکل شیئر فیلیر (Local shear failure) میں فیلیر کی سطح زمین کی اوپری سطح تک نہیں پہنچتی۔ یہ عام طور پر ڈھیلی ریت یا نرم مٹی میں ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن A درست ہے۔
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387📚RCC & Structural MechanicsConstruction Management
Match the construction management term with its correct description:
1. Critical Path - d. The sequence of tasks that determines the shortest time needed to complete a project.
2. Gantt Chart - b. A graphical representation of a project schedule, showing tasks over time.
3. Change Order - c. A formal request to modify project scope, schedule, or resources.
4. Punch List - a. A list of remaining tasks and minor corrections needed before a project is considered complete.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Critical Path corresponds to (d); Gantt Chart corresponds to (b) showing tasks against time; Change Order corresponds to (c) to alter scope; Punch list corresponds to (a) listing minor corrections. This yields 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a.
درست جوڑ: کریٹیکل پاتھ (1-d)، گینٹ چارٹ (2-b)، چینج آرڈر (3-c) اور پنچ لسٹ (4-a) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست جواب ہے۔
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388📚RCC & Structural MechanicsSurveying Instruments
Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.
درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔
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389📚RCC & Structural MechanicsCement Testing
The IS sieve which is used for measuring the fineness of cement is
Explanation
According to IS 4031-Part 1, the fineness of cement is tested by dry sieving using a 90-micron (IS Sieve No. 9) sieve. The residue should not exceed 10% for ordinary Portland cement.
سیمنٹ کی باریکی (fineness) کو ماپنے کے لیے 90 مائیکرون (90 micron - IS Sieve No. 9) کی چھلنی استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ OPC کے لیے چھلنی پر بچا ہوا سیمنٹ 10٪ سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
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390📚RCC & Structural MechanicsOperating System Commands
Which command is used to display the Windows version in the Command Prompt?
Explanation
The `VER` command is used in the Windows Command Prompt (CMD) to display the current version of the operating system.
کمانڈ پرامپٹ (Command Prompt) میں ونڈوز کا کرنٹ ورژن (version) دیکھنے کے لیے `VER` کمانڈ استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
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391📚RCC & Structural MechanicsAutoCAD Layers
Which of the following layers can be deleted from the Layer Properties Manager in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD, you cannot delete Layer 0, Defpoints, the current layer, or layers containing objects. However, you can delete a frozen or inactive layer that does not contain any drawing objects.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں لیئر 0، ڈیف پوائنٹس (Defpoints)، کرنٹ لیئر، اور ایسی لیئرز جن میں کوئی ڈرائنگ موجود ہو، ڈیلیٹ نہیں کی جا سکتیں۔ صرف وہی لیئر ڈیلیٹ ہو سکتی ہے جو خالی ہو (Frozen layer not containing objects)۔
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392📚RCC & Structural MechanicsBuilding Planning
Match the following building planning components with their descriptions:
1. Residential Building Planning - d. Regulations governing the layout, design, and construction of residential buildings.
2. Building Bylaws of Local Authorities - b. The rules and regulations set by local urban development authorities.
3. BIS Codes - c. National standards issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
4. Service Utilities in Dwelling House - a. Essential utilities such as water, electricity, and sewage.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Residential Planning (1-d), Local Bylaws (2-b), BIS Codes (3-c), Service Utilities (4-a). This corresponds to Option C.
درست جوڑ: رہائشی بلڈنگ پلاننگ (1-d)، مقامی بلڈنگ بائی لاز (2-b)، BIS کوڈز (3-c) اور یوٹیلیٹیز (4-a) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست جواب ہے۔
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393📚RCC & Structural MechanicsAutoCAD Commands
In AutoCAD, POL is the command used for drawing a polygon of minimum sides 3 and maximum sides of
Explanation
In AutoCAD, the `POLYGON` (POL) command allows the user to draw regular polygons with a minimum of 3 sides and a maximum limit of 1024 sides.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں پولیگان (POL) کمانڈ کے ذریعے بنائے جانے والے کثیر الاضلاع (Polygon) کے اضلاع کی کم سے کم تعداد 3 اور زیادہ سے زیادہ تعداد 1024 ہو سکتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
394📚RCC & Structural MechanicsLine Types
Match the following line types with their applications as per engineering drawing standards:
a. Chain thin, with thick ends - i) Cutting Planes
b. Chain thin, double-dashed - iv) Centroidal lines / Adjacent parts
c. Chain thin, long-dashed - ii) Center lines
d. Chain thick, long-dashed - iii) Indicates surfaces to which special requirements apply
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
According to drawing standards (ISO 128 / IS 10714): Chain thin with thick ends (a) represents cutting planes (i). Chain thin double-dashed (b) represents centroidal/adjacent lines (iv). Chain thin (c) represents center lines (ii). Chain thick (d) indicates surfaces with special requirements (iii). This corresponds to Option B.
ڈرائنگ معیارات کے مطابق لائنوں کا درست جوڑ: کٹنگ پلین کے لیے سروں پر موٹی لائن (a-i)، سینٹرائڈل لائنوں کے لیے ڈبل ڈیش لائن (b-iv)، سینٹر لائن کے لیے پتلی چین لائن (c-ii) اور خصوصی سطح کے لیے موٹی چین لائن (d-iii) ہے۔ آپشن B درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
395📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationTimber
Assertion A: Shishum is used for decorative woodwork.
Reason R: Shishum can be polished to an excellent finish.
Select the correct option:
Explanation
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation. Shisham (Indian Rosewood) is highly prized for decorative woodwork and high-quality furniture because it has a beautiful grain structure and can be polished to an exceptionally smooth and rich finish.
بیان (A) اور وجہ (R) دونوں درست ہیں اور R، A کی بالکل صحیح وضاحت کرتا ہے۔ شیشم کی لکڑی مضبوط ہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ بہت عمدہ پالش (excellent finish) ہوتی ہے، اس لیے اسے سجاوٹی لکڑی کے کاموں کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
396📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationBuilding Services
In escalators, the angle of inclination with the horizontal plane should be in the range of:
Explanation
According to safety standards, the angle of inclination of an escalator with the horizontal plane must not exceed 30° in general, but can be up to 35° depending on the vertical rise and speed limitations.
حفاظتی معیارات کے مطابق، متحرک سیڑھیوں (Escalators) کا افقی سطح کے ساتھ جھکاؤ کا زاویہ 30° سے 35° (30°-35°) کے درمیان ہونا چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
397📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationPlane Table Surveying
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, what is the correct sequence of operations needed at each plane table station?
Explanation
At each plane table station, the operations must be performed in this strict sequence: 1) Levelling (making the table horizontal), 2) Centering (aligning the ground point with the paper point using a plumbing fork), and 3) Orientation (aligning the table along the magnetic north or previous line). This corresponds to sequence (i), (iii), (ii).
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں سٹیشن پر کام کا درست تسلسل (i)، (iii)، (ii) ہے: پہلے لیولنگ (ٹیبل ہموار کرنا)، پھر سینٹرنگ (گراؤنڈ اور نقشے کے پوائنٹ کو سیدھا کرنا)، اور آخر میں اورینٹیشن (رخ متعین کرنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
398📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationHighway Engineering
The maximum number of cities and towns are connected by which type of highway?
Explanation
National Highways constitute the primary highway network in India. They connect all major cities, state capitals, industrial hubs, ports, and towns across the country.
ملک کے زیادہ تر بڑے شہروں اور قصبوں کو آپس میں ملانے والی سڑکوں کو نیشنل ہائی ویز (National highways - قومی شاہراہ) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ ملک کی بنیادی نقل و حمل کا ڈھانچہ ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
399📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationBuilding Planning
_______ is a large open space located within a building. It is often used to light a central circulation or public area by daylight admitted through a glass roof or wall.
Explanation
An Atrium is a large open-air or glass-covered space surrounded by a building, providing natural light and ventilation to the central circulation area.
کسی بڑی عمارت کے درمیان میں موجود کھلے یا شیشے کی چھت والے بڑے ہال کو ایٹریئم (Atrium) کہتے ہیں، جو عمارت کے مرکزی حصے کو قدرتی روشنی فراہم کرتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
400📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationOperating Systems
Which of the following is NOT an Operating System?
Explanation
Oracle is a multinational technology corporation known for its relational database management system (RDBMS), not an operating system. DOS, Linux, and Windows are operating systems.
اوریکل (Oracle) ایک ڈیٹا بیس مینجمنٹ سسٹم (RDBMS) بنانے والی کمپنی ہے، یہ آپریٹنگ سسٹم نہیں ہے۔ DOS، Linux اور Windows آپریٹنگ سسٹمز ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
401📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHighway Engineering & Road Layout
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way mean
Explanation
A 4-lane divided highway consists of two separate carriageways divided by a median or physical barrier, with each carriageway containing two traffic lanes for movement in opposite directions.
4 لین والے منقسم ہائی وے کا مطلب ہے کہ سڑک کے درمیان ایک بیریئر یا میڈین ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سمتوں میں ٹریفک کے لیے دو دو لینز ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
402📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActSpeed Limits
Maximum speed of "N" category goods carriage vehicles, on 4 lanes divided carriageway of National Highway roads in India
Explanation
According to the speed limit notifications by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), the maximum speed for Category N (goods carriage) vehicles on 4-lane divided national highways is 80 km/hr.
وزارتِ ٹرانسپورٹ (MoRTH) کے مطابق، نیشنل ہائی وے کی 4 لین والی سڑکوں پر مال بردار گاڑیوں (کیٹیگری N) کے لیے زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار 80 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ مقرر ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
403📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActTraffic Rules & Emergency Vehicles
Free passage should be given to the following types of vehicles
Explanation
Every driver must give free passage to emergency vehicles, such as fire service vehicles and ambulances, by drawing to the side of the road.
ہر ڈرائیور کا فرض ہے کہ وہ فائر بریگیڈ اور ایمبولینس جیسی ہنگامی گاڑیوں کو راستہ دینے کے لیے اپنی گاڑی کو سڑک کے ایک طرف کر لے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
404📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm and rotating it in an anti-clockwise direction is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Under Indian road rules, when a driver extends the right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction, it represents the intention to turn left or change lanes to the left.
ہندوستانی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت، جب ڈرائیور دایاں بازو باہر نکال کر اسے گھڑی کی مخالف سمت (اینٹی کلاک وائز) گھماتا ہے، تو اس کا مطلب بائیں مڑنے یا بائیں لین تبدیل کرنے کا ارادہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
405📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRoad Signs
Match the following properties of road signs (List-1) with their description (List-2):
List-1: (a) Red circular ring, (b) Diagonal red bar, (c) Circular in shape, (d) Indicate positive instruction.
List-2: (1) White symbol on blue background, (2) Mandatory/regulatory signs, (3) Prohibits the action, (4) Prohibitory regulation.
Explanation
Red circular ring denotes prohibitory regulation (a-4); Diagonal red bar prohibits the specific action (b-3); Circular shape generally designates mandatory or regulatory signs (c-2); White symbol on blue background indicates positive instruction (d-1). Therefore, Option C is correct.
سرخ دائرہ ممنوعہ ضابطے کو ظاہر کرتا ہے (a-4)؛ ترچھی سرخ پٹی عمل کی ممانعت کرتی ہے (b-3)؛ گول شکل عام طور پر لازمی اشاروں کی ہوتی ہے (c-2)؛ نیلے پس منظر پر سفید علامت مثبت ہدایت دیتی ہے (d-1)۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
406📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRoad Signs
A blue circular sign containing a white arrow pointing straight and another branching to the left represents:
Explanation
A blue circular sign containing white arrows pointing both forward and to the left indicates a mandatory directive: 'Compulsory ahead or left turn'.
نیلے رنگ کے گول نشان پر سیدھے اور بائیں طرف مڑنے والے تیر کا مطلب ہے کہ 'لازمی طور پر سیدھے چلیں یا بائیں مڑیں'۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
407📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActFirst Aid
Arrange the First Aid sequence in a correct manner:
(i) Help to restore breathing
(ii) Lay the victim on ground gently and clear breathing track
(iii) Stop any bleeding
(iv) Call ambulance for medical help
Explanation
The correct life-saving sequence is: 1. Lay the victim down and clear the airway (ii), 2. Restore/help breathing (i), 3. Stop bleeding (iii), 4. Call for emergency medical help (iv). Hence, the sequence is (ii), (i), (iii), (iv).
ابتدائی طبی امداد کا صحیح تسلسل یہ ہے: (ii) متاثرہ شخص کو لٹائیں اور سانس کی نالی صاف کریں، (i) سانس بحال کرنے میں مدد کریں، (iii) بہتے ہوئے خون کو روکیں، اور (iv) ایمبولینس بلائیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
408📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHuman Biology
Normal resting heart rate or pulse rate ranges for adults is
Explanation
A normal resting heart rate (pulse rate) for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm).
بالغ افراد کے لیے دل کی دھڑکن یا نبض کی نارمل شرح 60 سے 100 دھڑکن فی منٹ (bpm) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
409📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceRoad Safety
Which safety device should be used while driving a four-wheeler?
Explanation
A seatbelt is the primary mandatory occupant restraint safety device designed to be worn in four-wheelers to prevent injury during collisions.
چار پہیوں والی گاڑی چلاتے وقت بیلٹ (Seatbelt) کا استعمال لازمی ہے جو حادثے کی صورت میں چوٹ لگنے سے بچاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
410📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Dynamics
Sudden application of break in wet road and improper super elevation may cause of
Explanation
Sudden braking on wet roads or wrong superelevation creates unbalanced lateral forces, causing the tyres to lose traction and slide along the pavement (skidding).
گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے یا موڑ پر سڑک کی ڈھلوان ٹھیک نہ ہونے سے ٹائر پھسل کر اسکیڈنگ (Skidding) کا شکار ہو جاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
411📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceNight Driving Rules
When you are driving at night and wants to overtake a car in the front, you must
Explanation
Before overtaking a vehicle at night, you should flash your headlights (dipping or switching from low to high beam briefly) to alert the driver in front of your presence and intention.
رات کو اوور ٹیک کرنے سے پہلے ہیڈلائٹس کو فلکر یا فلیش (dipper) کرنا چاہیے تاکہ آگے والی گاڑی کا ڈرائیور چوکنا ہو جائے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
412📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceRoad Safety
To see a vehicle in the blind spots, driver should
Explanation
Mirrors cannot capture areas directly to the side and slightly behind the driver's shoulders. The only way to check these blind spots is to turn your head (shoulder check) before changing lanes.
آئینے میں نہ دکھائی دینے والے حصے (بلائنڈ اسپاٹس) کو دیکھنے کے لیے ڈرائیور کو اپنا سر گھما کر (shoulder check) دیکھنا چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
413📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceHighway Lighting
Single side road lighting is most effective for
Explanation
Single-sided street lighting (installing light poles on only one side of the road) is cost-effective and sufficient only for narrow roadways, typically single-lane or narrow two-lane roads.
سڑک کے ایک ہی طرف کھمبے لگا کر روشنی فراہم کرنا صرف چھوٹی یا سنگل لین والی سڑکوں (Single lane road) کے لیے کارآمد اور کافی ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
414📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceEmergency Services
In case of a road accident, to call an ambulance, what number has to be dialled
Explanation
In India, '108' is the designated toll-free national emergency response number for medical emergencies, disaster management, and ambulance services.
ہندوستان میں سڑک حادثے کی صورت میں سرکاری ایمبولینس بلانے کے لیے ایمرجنسی نمبر 108 ڈائل کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
415📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlMotor Vehicle Act & Rules
What does central motor vehicle act 1988, section 129 specify
Explanation
Section 129 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, mandates that every person driving or riding a motorcycle of any class in a public place must wear protective headgear (helmet) conforming to Indian Standards.
موٹر وہیکل ایکٹ 1988 کی دفعہ 129 کے تحت، موٹر سائیکل چلانے اور پیچھے بیٹھنے والے ہر شخص کے لیے ہیلمٹ پہننا لازمی قرار دیا گیا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
416📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlEnvironmental Pollution
Among the following options, which are man-made sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of fire wood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earth quakes
Explanation
Forest fires and earthquakes are natural phenomena that contribute to air pollution. Woodburning and automobile emissions are anthropogenic (man-made) activities.
لکڑی جلانا اور گاڑیوں کا دھواں (Automobile) ہوا کی آلودگی کے انسان ساختہ (man-made) ذرائع ہیں، جبکہ جنگل کی آگ اور زلزلہ قدرتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
417📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlEmission Norms
The carbon monoxide CO and HC (n-hexane equivalent) content respectively, of four wheelers, which is manufactured as per-Bharat Stage II emission norms
Explanation
Though BS II limits for passenger cars at idling are actually 0.5% CO and 750 ppm HC, the options in the exam paper used the older pre-BS II limits of 3% CO and 1500 ppm HC. We mark Option B as correct based on typical competitive keys.
اگرچہ بی ایس ٹو (BS II) کے حقیقی ضوابط الگ ہیں، لیکن امتحان میں دیئے گئے متبادلات کی بنیاد پر 3% کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ اور 1500 پی پی ایم ہائیڈرو کاربن (Option B) کو درست تسلیم کیا گیا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
418📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlNoise Pollution & Regulations
Maximum permissible noise level recommended as per central motor vehicle rules 1989, for passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kgs, is
Explanation
Under the CMVR, 1989, the maximum permissible noise level at the manufacturing stage for passenger or commercial vehicles with a GVW exceeding 12000 kgs is 89 dB(A).
موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، 12000 کلوگرام سے زائد وزن والی گاڑیوں کے شور کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد 89 ڈیسیبل یعنی 89db(A) ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
419📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Insurance
Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: As per Indian motor vehicle act 1988, a comprehensive motor insurance policy is mandatory
Statement-2: Third-party liability insurance is optional for Indian vehicle
Explanation
Under the M.V. Act, third-party liability insurance is mandatory by law (not optional) for all vehicles driven in public places, whereas comprehensive motor insurance is optional (not mandatory). Thus, both statements are false.
موٹر وہیکل قانون کے تحت، تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس لازمی ہے (اختیاری نہیں) اور جامع (Comprehensive) انشورنس اختیاری ہے (لازمی نہیں)۔ اس لیے دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
420📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlCooling System
Among the following options, suitable reason for engine over heating is
(i) Excessive valve clearance
(ii) Insufficient coolant
(iii) Faulty radiator fan
(iv) Faulty water pump
Explanation
Engine overheating is directly caused by issues in the cooling system, such as insufficient coolant levels (ii), a faulty radiator fan (iii), or a failed water pump (iv) that fails to circulate coolant.
انجن کے زیادہ گرم (overheating) ہونے کی بنیادی وجوہات کولنگ سسٹم میں خرابی ہوتی ہے، جیسے کولنٹ کی کمی، پنکھے کی خرابی یا واٹر پمپ کا کام نہ کرنا۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
421📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlFuel System
When the engine is being cold, which of the following valves is used, to start the engine manually?
Explanation
A choke valve restricts the intake air, drawing in more fuel to create a rich fuel-air mixture necessary for starting a cold engine.
سردی میں ٹھنڈے انجن کو شروع کرنے کے لیے چوک والو (Choke valve) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے جو ہوا کا بہاؤ کم کر کے ایندھن کی مقدار بڑھا دیتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
422📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlCooling System
What is the purpose of radiator of a motor vehicle engine?
Explanation
The radiator acts as a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the engine coolant flowing through it to the outside air, keeping the engine at optimum operating temperature and preventing overheating.
ریڈی ایٹر (Radiator) کا بنیادی مقصد انجن کی گرمی کو جذب کر کے اسے زیادہ گرم ہونے سے بچانا اور درجہ حرارت برقرار رکھنا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
423📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlCooling System
Among the following options, which is the best water used in a car radiator?
Explanation
Soft water (or distilled water) contains minimal mineral concentrations, preventing scale buildup, corrosion, and clogging inside the thin coolant passages of the radiator.
گاڑی کے ریڈی ایٹر میں ڈالنے کے لیے ہلکا یا نرم پانی (Soft water / distilled water) سب سے بہترین ہوتا ہے کیونکہ یہ زنگ اور کیلشیم جمنے سے بچاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
424📚🔭 ScienceFish Taxonomy
Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Truss morphometry is a tool to identify phenotypic variation
b. Morphometric variation does not capture species-level diversity
c. Truss network analysis captures shape variation across the entire body form
d. Population structure analysis cannot be done with morphometric studies
Explanation
Statements a and c are correct. Truss morphometry is a powerful tool used to identify phenotypic variations and truss network analysis captures shape variations systematically across the entire body form. Statement b is incorrect because morphometrics can capture species-level diversity, and statement d is incorrect because population structure is often studied using morphometric analysis.
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں۔ ٹرس مارفومیٹری (Truss morphometry) ظاہری تنوع کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے اور ٹرس نیٹ ورک اینالیسس جسم کے مجموعی ڈھانچے کی تبدیلیوں کو ریکارڈ کرتا ہے۔ بیان b اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
425📚🔭 ScienceAquatic Ecology
Plankton size classification:
a. Megaplankton
b. Macroplankton
c. Mesoplankton
d. Microplankton
e. Nanoplankton
f. Picoplankton

And dimensions:
i. 0.2-2 cm
ii. 20 to 200 µm
iii. 0.2 to 2 µm
iv. 2 to 20 µm
v. >20 cm
vi. 2-20 cm

Match correctly:
Explanation
Standard plankton size classes: Megaplankton (>20 cm -> a:v); Macroplankton (2-20 cm -> b:vi); Mesoplankton (0.2-2 cm -> c:i); Microplankton (20-200 µm -> d:ii); Nanoplankton (2-20 µm -> e:iv); Picoplankton (0.2-2 µm -> f:iii). This matches Option A.
پلانکٹن کی سائز کی درجہ بندی: میگا پلانکٹن (>20 cm -> a:v)؛ میکرو پلانکٹن (2-20 cm -> b:vi)؛ میزو پلانکٹن (0.2-2 cm -> c:i)؛ مائیکرو پلانکٹن (20-200 µm -> d:ii)؛ نینو پلانکٹن (2-20 µm -> e:iv)؛ پیکو پلانکٹن (0.2-2 µm -> f:iii)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
426📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Match the following lakes to its state:
a) Vembanad Lake
b) Chilika Lake
c) Dal Lake
d) Kolleru Lake
e) Loktak Lake

And States:
1. Jammu and Kashmir
2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Odisha
4. Manipur
5. Kerala

Match correctly:
Explanation
Correct matches: Vembanad Lake is in Kerala (a:5); Chilika Lake is in Odisha (b:3); Dal Lake is in Jammu and Kashmir (c:1); Kolleru Lake is in Andhra Pradesh (d:2); Loktak Lake is in Manipur (e:4). This matches Option A.
درست جوڑ: ویمباناد جھیل کیرلا میں ہے (a:5)؛ چلکا جھیل اوڈیشہ میں ہے (b:3)؛ ڈل جھیل جموں و کشمیر میں ہے (c:1)؛ کولیرو جھیل آندھرا پردیش میں ہے (d:2)؛ لوکتک جھیل منی پور میں ہے (e:4)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
427📚🔭 ScienceLakes & Waterbodies
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Wular Lake is an example of tectonic lake
b. Dal lake is an example of crater lake
c. Surinsar-Mansar lakes are Ramsar sites
d. Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake
Explanation
Statements a and c are correct: Wular Lake is a tectonic lake and Surinsar-Mansar are Ramsar sites. Statements b (Dal Lake is a crater lake) and d (Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake) are false. Option C is marked correct based on the official exam answer key which contained a printing typo (where d was meant to state 'freshwater' lake).
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں: وولر جھیل ٹیکٹونک سرگرمی سے بنی ہے اور سرینسر-مانسر جھیلیں رامسر سائٹس ہیں۔ بیانات b اور d غلط ہیں۔ امتحانی پرچے کی غلطی کی وجہ سے آپشن C (a, c, d) کو درست مانا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
428📚🔭 ScienceAquatic Ecology
Hydrosere Stages of ecological succession in pond/lake are
Explanation
The correct ecological succession sequence in a hydrosere is: 1) Phytoplankton stage, 2) Submerged macrophyte stage, 3) Floating-leaved stage, 4) Reed-swamp stage, 5) Sedge-meadow/marsh stage, 6) Carr (shrub/alder/willow) stage, 7) Woodland stage, and 8) Climax forest stage. This is Option A.
ہائیڈروسیر (پانی میں ماحولیاتی جانشینی) کے مراحل کی درست ترتیب: 1) فائٹوپلانکٹن مرحلہ، 2) ڈوبے ہوئے پودوں کا مرحلہ، 3) تیرتے ہوئے پودوں کا مرحلہ، 4) ریڈ دلدل مرحلہ، 5) دلدلی घास کا مرحلہ، 6) کار (جھاڑی) مرحلہ، 7) جنگلاتی مرحلہ اور 8) کلائمکس فارسٹ مرحلہ۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
429📚🔭 ScienceAquatic Ecology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Plankton occur only in freshwater ecosystem
b. Plankton do not have active locomotory organs
c. Plankton include only unicellular organisms
d. Phytoplankton form the first trophic level
Explanation
Statements b and d are true. Plankton lack active organs for swimming against currents, and phytoplankton are primary producers forming the first trophic level. Statement a is false because plankton also live in marine ecosystems. Statement c is false because zooplankton include multicellular organisms (e.g. copepods, krill).
بیانات b اور d درست ہیں۔ پلانکٹن بہاؤ کے خلاف فعال حرکت نہیں کر سکتے، اور فائٹوپلانکٹن پہلے ٹرافک لیول پر خوراک بناتے ہیں۔ بیانات a اور c غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
430📚🔭 ScienceFisheries Policy
Number of articles in Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Explanation
The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), adopted in 1995, consists of 12 main articles covering objectives, principles, and management guidelines.
اقوام متحدہ کے ادارہ برائے خوراک و زراعت (FAO) کے ذمہ دارانہ ماہی گیری کے ضابطہ اخلاق (CCRF) میں کل 12 آرٹیکلز (مضامین) شامل ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
431📚🔭 ScienceAquatic Ecology
The depth at which the photosynthesis balances respiration
Explanation
The compensation depth is the depth in a water body where light intensity is such that the rate of oxygen production by photosynthesis equals the rate of oxygen consumption by respiration.
کمپنسیشن گہرائی (Compensation Depth) پانی کا وہ مقام ہے جہاں روشنی کی مقدار اتنی ہوتی ہے کہ ضیائی تالیف (Photosynthesis) سے بننے والی آکسیجن اور عمل تنفس (Respiration) میں خرچ ہونے والی آکسیجن برابر ہو جاتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
432📚🔭 ScienceEnvironment & Ecology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. There are 80 Ramsar sites in India
b. Ex-situ is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in its natural habitat
c. Kanwar Lake is the smallest lake in India
d. Manasbal is the deepest lake in India
Explanation
Statements a and d are correct. India reached 80 Ramsar sites in early 2024, and Manasbal is the deepest freshwater lake in India. Statement b is false because ex-situ conservation happens outside the natural habitat. Statement c is false because Renuka Lake is the smallest Ramsar site in India, not Kanwar Lake.
بیانات a اور d درست ہیں۔ 2024 کے اوائل تک ہندوستان میں 80 رامسر سائٹس ہو گئی تھیں، اور مانسبل ہندوستان کی سب سے گہری میٹھے پانی کی جھیل ہے۔ بیان b اور c غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
433📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Hypophysation success in IMCs was achieved by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K. H. Alikunhi for the first time in the year
Explanation
Hypophysation (induced breeding of carps using pituitary gland extracts) was successfully achieved for the first time in Indian Major Carps (IMCs) by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K.H. Alikunhi on July 10, 1957 at Cuttack.
ہندوستانی بڑی کارپ مچھلیوں (IMCs) میں پٹیوٹری گلینڈ کے عرق سے مصنوعی انڈے دلوانے کا کامیاب تجربہ (Hypophysation) پہلی بار ہیرا لال چودھری اور کے-ایچ الیکونہی نے 1957 میں کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
434📚🔭 ScienceFish Biology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Oxytocin hormone is released by posterior pituitary.
b. Luteinizing hormone is released by thyroid.
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released by hypothalamus.
d. Cortisol hormone is released by hypothalamus.
Explanation
Statements a and c are true. Oxytocin is stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. Statement b is false (LH is released by the anterior pituitary, not thyroid) and statement d is false (cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex).
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں۔ آکسیٹوسن ہارمون پوسٹیریئر پٹیوٹری سے خارج ہوتا ہے اور GnRH ہائپوتھیلیمس سے خارج ہوتا ہے۔ بیانات b اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
435📚🔭 ScienceFish Biology
Pituitary gland is housed in a cavity called
Explanation
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is located at the base of the brain, nested inside a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica.
دماغ کے نچلے حصے میں واقع پٹیوٹری گلینڈ (Pituitary Gland) ہڈی کے ایک خاص ہالو/کھودے میں بند ہوتا ہے جسے سیلا ٹورسیکا (Sella Turcica) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
436📚🔭 ScienceFish Processing
Masmin is a product of
Explanation
Masmin is a traditional smoked and dried tuna product produced extensively as a cottage industry in the Lakshadweep islands of India.
ماسمین (Masmin) ٹونا مچھلی کو ابال کر، دھواں دے کر سکھانے سے تیار کیا جانے والا روایتی ماہی پروڈکٹ ہے جو لکشادیپ (Lakshadweep) میں بڑے پیمانے پر بنتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
437📚🔭 ScienceFish Processing
Which of the following statements are true regarding GMP?
a. Fishes caught at different times are mixed and chilled immediately
b. Fishes of all sizes are chilled /pre-processed together
c. Body cavity has to be cleaned after removing gut in case of belly burst fishes
d. Fish should be handled on platforms and not on grounds
Explanation
Statements c and d are true. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) require that belly-burst fish have their body cavities washed thoroughly to remove digestive enzymes and contaminants, and fish must be handled on clean platforms rather than the bare ground to prevent contamination. Statements a and b are false (mixing catch batches and sizes reduces quality uniformity).
بیانات c اور d درست ہیں۔ اچھی مینوفیکچرنگ کی پریکٹسز (GMP) کے مطابق مچھلیوں کو ننگے فرش کے بجائے صاف ستھرے پلیٹ فارم پر ہینڈل کرنا چاہیے اور ان کی باڈی کیویٹی کو گٹ نکالنے کے بعد اچھی طرح دھونا چاہیے۔ بیانات a اور b غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
438📚🔭 ScienceFish Pathology
Winter ulcer in Atlantic salmon is caused by?
Explanation
Winter ulcer is a marine bacterial disease of Atlantic salmon, characterized by skin ulcers in cold waters, caused by the bacterium Moritella viscosa.
اٹلانٹک سالمن مچھلیوں میں سردی کے موسم میں ہونے والے زخم (Winter Ulcer) کی بیماری موریٹیلا وسکوسا (Moritella viscosa) نامی بیکٹیریا کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
439📚🔭 ScienceFish Pathology
Match the following diseases to their preventive measures:

List-1:
a. Saprolegniosis
b. White spot disease
c. Black spot disease
d. Costiasis
e. Eye disease

List-2:
1. 1:1000 Acetic acid dip
2. Common salt
3. KMNO4 dip at 1 ppm
4. Praziquantel bath at 1 ppm
5. Picric acid

Match correctly:
Explanation
Matches: Saprolegniosis fungal infection is treated with Potassium Permanganate (a:3); White spot protozoan disease is prevented/treated using common salt baths (b:2); Black spot trematode infection is treated with picric acid (c:5); Costiasis ectoparasitic infection is treated with acetic acid dips (d:1); Trematode-induced eye diseases/diplostomiasis are treated with Praziquantel (e:4). This matches Option C.
درست حفاظتی علاج کا جوڑ: سیپرولیگنیا فنگس (KMnO4 dip -> a:3)؛ سفید دھبوں کی بیماری (Common salt -> b:2)؛ کالے دھبوں کی بیماری (Picric acid -> c:5)؛ کوسٹیا پیراسائٹ (Acetic acid dip -> d:1)؛ آنکھوں کی طفیلی بیماری (Praziquantel bath -> e:4)۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
440📚🔭 ScienceFish Anatomy
Pterygoquadrate and meckel's cartilage together form
Explanation
In jawed vertebrates, the mandibular arch (the first visceral arch) is composed of two cartilaginous elements: the dorsal pterygoquadrate cartilage and the ventral Meckel's cartilage.
مچھلیوں کے جبڑے کے ڈھانچے میں، پیٹریگو کواڈریٹ (Pterygoquadrate) اور میکل کی کارٹیلیج (Meckel's cartilage) مل کر پہلا جبڑے کا آرک یعنی مینڈبلر آرک (Mandibular Arch) بناتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
441📚🔭 ScienceFish Anatomy
Gill arches and their derivatives are collectively called
Explanation
The splanchnocranium (visceral skeleton) refers to the skeleton derived from the pharyngeal arches, which includes the jaw apparatus and the gill (branchial) arches in fishes.
مچھلیوں میں گلپھڑوں کی ہڈیوں کی محرابیں (Gill Arches) اور ان سے بننے والے اعضاء مجموعی طور پر سپلنک نوکرینیم (Splanchnocranium) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
442📚🔭 ScienceFish Biology
Haemoglobin in fishes unloads oxygen in swim bladder against high oxygen gradient due to
Explanation
The Root effect is a physiological property of fish hemoglobin where lower pH (caused by lactic acid/CO2 secretion at the gas gland) drastically reduces oxygen affinity and capacity, forcing oxygen to unload into the swim bladder even under high pressure.
روٹ ایفیکٹ (Root Effect) مچھلیوں کے ہیموگلوبن کی ایک خاصیت ہے جس میں کم پی ایچ (Acidic pH) پر ہیموگلوبن آکسیجن کو خارج کرنے پر مجبور ہو جاتا ہے، جس سے گیس غبارے (Swim Bladder) میں آکسیجن جمع ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
443📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
This is called the 'Best game fish destination
Explanation
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are widely considered the premier destination for big game sport fishing in India, famous for species like Giant Trevally, Marlin, and Sailfish.
جزائر انڈمان اور نکوبار (Andaman and Nicobar) کو ہندوستان میں سمندری کھیل کی مچھلیوں کے شکار (Game Fishing) کا بہترین مقام مانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
444📚🔭 ScienceFisheries Legislation
This is the mother Act of fisheries in India
Explanation
The Indian Fisheries Act of 1897 is the foundational ('mother') legislation regulating fisheries in India. It empowers local governments to make laws regarding the conservation and management of fisheries.
ہندوستان میں ماہی گیری کا بنیادی اور قدیم ترین قانون 'انڈین فشرز ایکٹ 1897' (Indian fisheries Act 1897) ہے، جسے مدر ایکٹ بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
445📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KLakes & Water Bodies
Which lake in Kashmir is known as the 'Supreme gem of all Kashmir Lakes' and is the deepest lake in India?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake, located in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, is known as the supreme gem of all Kashmir lakes and is considered the deepest lake in India.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
446📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Polity & Constitution
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution are borrowed from the constitution of which country?
Explanation
The Directive Principles of State Policy, enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, are borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland (which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
447📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Polity & Constitution
Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of Parliament)?
Explanation
According to Article 64 of the Indian Constitution, the Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
448📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Polity & Constitution
How many Schedules were originally present in the Constitution of India when it was adopted in 1949?
Explanation
The Constitution of India originally had 8 schedules when adopted in 1949. Currently, there are 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
449📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KGeneral Science
Which organ in the human body is responsible for producing the hormone insulin?
Explanation
The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, specifically through its endocrine cells called beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
450📚General EnglishGeography of J&K
How many administrative districts are there currently in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Following the creation of the Union Territory of Ladakh (consisting of Leh and Kargil), the UT of J&K is left with exactly 20 administrative districts.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
451📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with the appropriate article: 'She is ________ MBA graduate.'
Explanation
Even though 'M' is a consonant letter, the word 'MBA' starts with a vowel sound /em/. Hence, the article 'an' is appropriate.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
452📚General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement
Fill in the blank with the correct form of verb: 'Neither the teacher nor the students ________ present in the auditorium.'
Explanation
When compound subjects are joined by 'neither... nor', the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. Here, the plural noun 'students' is closest, so we use 'were'.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
453📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: 'He is senior ________ me in service.'
Explanation
Adjectives like senior, junior, superior, inferior, prior, etc., are followed by the preposition 'to' instead of 'than'.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
454📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsConditional Sentences
Fill in the blank with the appropriate conditional verb form: 'If it rains, we ________ the cricket match.'
Explanation
This is a Type 1 conditional sentence (present real). The structure is: If + Simple Present (it rains), simple future (we will cancel).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
455📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsSubject-Verb Agreement
Fill in the blank: 'The committee ________ divided in their opinions.'
Explanation
Collective nouns (like committee) take a plural verb ('were') when the members are acting individually, having different opinions, or divided.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
456📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsPrepositions
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: 'She is very good ________ English.'
Explanation
We use 'good at' something (e.g., 'good at English', 'good at sports') to indicate skill or proficiency.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
457📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsInput & Output Devices
Which of the following devices is purely an input device?
Explanation
A keyboard is used to enter text and commands into the computer, making it an input device. Monitors, printers, and speakers are output devices.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
458📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsInternet & Networking
What does HTTP stand for in web technology?
Explanation
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
459📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsInternet & Networking
Which of the following protocol is used specifically for sending electronic mail (email)?
Explanation
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for sending/routing emails from one server to another.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
460📚General Intelligence & ReasoningComputer Security
A software program designed to infiltrate, damage, or disable computer systems without the user's consent is called:
Explanation
Malware (short for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
461📚General Intelligence & ReasoningInternet & Networking
Which networking device is primarily used to connect multiple computer networks together and route data packets between them?
Explanation
A router connects different networks (e.g., your home LAN to the internet) and routes data packets based on IP addresses, whereas a switch connects devices within a single network.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
462📚General Intelligence & ReasoningTime & Work
AA can do a piece of work in 1212 days, and BB can do the same work in 1818 days. Working together, in how many days can they complete the work?
Explanation
Let total work be LCM(12,18)=36\text{LCM}(12, 18) = 36 units.
Efficiency of A=3612=3A = \frac{36}{12} = 3 units/day.
Efficiency of B=3618=2B = \frac{36}{18} = 2 units/day.
Combined efficiency of AA and B=3+2=5B = 3 + 2 = 5 units/day.
Time taken working together = 365=7.2\frac{36}{5} = 7.2 days.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
463📚General Intelligence & ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a photograph, a man said: 'I have no brother or sister, but that man's father is my father's son.' Whose photograph was it?
Explanation
Since the speaker has no brother or sister, 'my father's son' refers to the speaker himself. Thus, the statement becomes: 'that man's father is ME'. Hence, the photograph is of the speaker's son.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
464📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense
A man walks 5 km5 \text{ km} towards South, then turns right and walks 3 km3 \text{ km}. He then turns left and walks 5 km5 \text{ km}. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
Let starting point be (0,0)(0,0).
1. Walks 5 km5 \text{ km} South   ⟹  (0,−5)\implies (0, -5).
2. Turns right (West) and walks 3 km  ⟹  (−3,−5)3 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -5).
3. Turns left (South) and walks 5 km  ⟹  (−3,−10)5 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -10).
The point (−3,−10)(-3, -10) lies in the South-West quadrant relative to (0,0)(0,0).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
465📚Basic MathematicsClassification
Find the odd one out among the given options.
Explanation
Mercury, Venus, and Earth are planets revolving around the Sun, whereas the Moon is a natural satellite revolving around the Earth.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
466📚Basic MathematicsUrdu Idioms
محاورہ 'آسمان سے باتیں کرنا' کا کیا مطلب ہے؟
Explanation
The idiom 'Aasman se baatein karna' means to be very tall, high, or eminent.
'آسمان سے باتیں کرنا' کا مطلب بہت اونچا یا بلند ہونا ہے۔
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
467📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyInternational Environmental Treaties
__________ is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Explanation
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (agreed on 16 September 1987) is an international environmental treaty designed to protect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
مونٹریال پروٹوکول (Montreal Protocol 1987) اوزون کی تہہ کو نقصان پہنچانے والے مادوں کی پیداوار کو مرحلہ وار ختم کرنے کے لیے ایک بین الاقوامی معاہدہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
468📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyClimate Change & Treaties
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits state parties to:
Explanation
The Kyoto Protocol (adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 under the UNFCCC) is an international treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including CO2,CH4,N2O,HFCs,PFCs,SF6CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF_6) to fight global warming.
کیوٹو پروٹوکول (Kyoto Protocol) کا بنیادی مقصد گلوبل وارمنگ کے خلاف گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج کو کم کرنا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
469📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBIS Standards for Effluents
Identify the guiding standard for industrial effluent from the following:
Explanation
IS 2490 (1974 / 1981) provides the Indian Standard tolerance limits for industrial effluents discharged into inland surface waters.
IS 2490-1974 صنعتی اخراج (Industrial Effluent) کے لیے ہندوستانی معیار ہے۔
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470📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Algicides
Consider the following statements;
a. Eutrophication is the algal bloom produced due to excess discharge of plant nutrients into water body
b. Can be added by adding copper sulphate to water.
Explanation
Both statements (a) and (b) are true. Statement (a) defines eutrophication caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Statement (b) is true because copper sulphate (CuSO4CuSO_4) is widely applied as an effective chemical algicide to control and eradicate unwanted algal blooms in water bodies.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں: یوٹروفیکیشن غذائی اجزاء کی زیادتی سے الجی کی افزائش ہے، اور کاپر سلفیٹ (CuSO4CuSO_4) الجی کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے شامل کیا جاتا ہے۔
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471📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Screening Criteria
Which of the following is NOT a regular standard for figuring out whether an EIA is necessary?
Explanation
During the Screening stage of EIA, decision criteria focus strictly on environmental factors: project magnitude/scale, location in ecologically sensitive areas, and technical complexity. Potential economic benefits or commercial profit are socio-economic justifications and are NOT environmental criteria for mandating an EIA.
EIA کی ضرورت کا تعین کرتے وقت اقتصادی فوائد (Economic benefits) ماحولیاتی معیار کے طور پر استعمال نہیں ہوتے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
472📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Report Components
The Environmental Impact Assessment Report may consist of:
a. Assessment of the Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implications
b. Assessment of the Land Contamination
c. Assessment of the Hazard to Life
d. Assessment of the Cultural Heritage Impact
Choose the best option.
Explanation
A comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report encompasses multi-disciplinary assessments including wastewater infrastructure, land contamination, hazards to life and safety, and impacts on historical and cultural heritage sites.
EIA رپورٹ میں سیوریج، زمین کی آلودگی، زندگی کے خطرات، اور ثقافتی ورثے کے تمام اثرات شامل ہوتے ہیں۔
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473📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEIA Public Hearing Exemptions
Consider the following projects and choose the best option for which the Public hearing is not required in the EIA?
i. Strengthening and widening of highways.
ii. Modernization of existing irrigation projects.
Explanation
Under the EIA Notification 2006 (and its amendments), public hearing is exempt for projects involving highway expansion/widening without substantial additional land acquisition, as well as the modernization of existing irrigation projects without changing command area boundaries.
ہائی وے کی توسیع اور موجودہ آبپاشی منصوبوں کی جدید کاری کے لیے بعض شرائط کے تحت عوامی سماعت لازمی نہیں ہوتی۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
474📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Organizations
IAIA stands for
Explanation
IAIA stands for the International Association for Impact Assessment, the leading global network on best practices in impact assessment for sustainable development.
IAIA کا مطلب انٹرنیشنل ایسوسی ایشن فار امپیکٹ اسیسمنٹ (International Association for Impact Assessment) ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
475📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceStockholm Conference & EPA History
The Environment Protection Act 1986 was enacted following the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
Explanation
India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution to implement the decisions taken at the landmark United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972.
ہندوستان نے جون 1972 میں اسٹاک ہوم (Stockholm) میں منعقدہ اقوام متحدہ کی ماحولیاتی کانفرنس کے فیصلوں پر عمل کرتے ہوئے EPA 1986 پاس کیا۔
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476📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRiver Basin Authorities & NGRBA
National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is responsible for ________ duties.
Explanation
The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA, established in 2009 under the EPA) was vested with both developmental functions (planning, river conservation schemes) and regulatory functions (enforcing water quality standards and pollution control).
قومی گنگا ریور بیسن اتھارٹی (NGRBA) ترقیاتی اور ریگولیٹری دونوں فرائض کی ذمہ دار ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
477📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981
Consider the following pairs from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
1. Section 21 | a. Power of State Government to supersede State Board
2. Section 47 | b. Power of State Government to make rules
3. Section 53 | c. Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants
4. Section 54 | d. Power of Central Government to make rules
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Under the Air Act, 1981: Section 21 deals with restrictions on the use of certain industrial plants (1-c); Section 47 provides the power of the State Government to supersede the State Board (2-a); Section 53 gives power to the Central Government to make rules (3-d); and Section 54 gives power to the State Government to make rules (4-b).
ایئر ایکٹ 1981 کے تحت دفعہ 21 صنعتی پلانٹس پر پابندی، دفعہ 47 بورڈ کو معطل کرنے کا اختیار، دفعہ 53 مرکزی حکومت کے قواعد اور دفعہ 54 ریاستی حکومت کے قواعد سے متعلق ہے۔
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478📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBasel Convention on Hazardous Wastes
Which of the following convention governs the Hazardous waste management?
Explanation
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) is the international treaty specifically governing hazardous waste management and minimizing its transboundary shipments.
باسل کنونشن (Basel Convention) زہریلے اور خطرناک فضلہ (Hazardous waste) کے بین الاقوامی انتظام اور نقل و حمل کو منظم کرتا ہے۔
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479📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Framework in India
Which of the following ministries serves as the central node for coordinating disaster management efforts for all natural disasters, with the exception of drought?
Explanation
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the nodal ministry at the national level for coordinating disaster management and relief for all natural disasters (floods, cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides), with the sole exception of drought which is coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
خشک سالی (Drought) کے علاوہ تمام قدرتی آفات کے انتظام کے لیے وزارت داخلہ (MHA) مرکزی نوڈل وزارت ہے۔
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480📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementState Disaster Management Authorities
State Disaster Management Authority is headed by
Explanation
Under Section 14(1) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) is headed by the Chief Minister of the State as its ex-officio Chairperson (or Lieutenant Governor in UTs).
اسٹیٹ ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ اتھارٹی (SDMA) کا سربراہ ریاست کا وزیر اعلیٰ (Chief Minister) ہوتا ہے۔
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481📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyFirst Aid & Emergency Response
The purpose of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to
Explanation
The primary objective of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is to manually preserve intact brain function and maintain oxygenated blood flow to the brain, heart, and vital organs until spontaneous blood circulation and breathing can be restored.
سی پی آر (CPR) کا بنیادی مقصد دماغ اور جسم کے اہم اعضاء تک آکسیجن ملے خون کے بہاؤ کو برقرار رکھنا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
482📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources
Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of:
Explanation
Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) are non-renewable resources because they formed over hundreds of millions of years from buried organic matter and cannot be replenished on a human timescale once depleted.
کوئلہ، پٹرولیم، اور قدرتی گیس غیر قابل تجدید وسائل (Non-renewable resources) کی مثالیں ہیں۔
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483📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyParticulate Matter & Human Health
Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to health issues primarily affecting the:
Explanation
Fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm\le 2.5\text{ }\mu\text{m} (PM2.5PM_{2.5}) penetrates deep into the alveolar regions of the human lungs and enters the bloodstream, primarily causing severe respiratory illnesses (asthma, bronchitis, COPD) and cardiovascular disorders.
باریک ذرات (PM2.5PM_{2.5}) سانس کے ذریعے پھیپھڑوں میں گہرائی تک داخل ہو کر نظام تنفس (Respiratory system) کو نقصان پہنچاتے ہیں۔
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484📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRadiation Hazards & Health
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of:
Explanation
Ultraviolet radiation (specifically UV-B and UV-A) damages the DNA of skin cells, leading to genetic mutations that substantially increase the risk of skin cancers (including malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) and cataracts.
سورج سے آنے والی الٹرا وائلٹ (UV) تابکاری کی طویل نمائش جلد کے کینسر (Skin cancer) کا خطرہ بڑھاتی ہے۔
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485📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTreatment Plant Design Parameters
The design period in wastewater treatment refers to the:
Explanation
The design period of a wastewater treatment plant or civil engineering project is the future number of years for which the capacity and components are designed to adequately serve projected population and loads without major expansion (typically 15–30 years).
ڈیزائن پیریڈ سے مراد کسی واٹر ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹ کی متوقع مفید آپریشنل مدت (Lifespan) ہے۔
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486📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCoagulation & Flocculation
Coagulation is the process of:
Explanation
Coagulation is the chemical water treatment process where chemical coagulants (like alum, Al2(SO4)3Al_2(SO_4)_3) are added and rapid-mixed to neutralize colloidal surface charges, destabilizing fine particles to aggregate into settleable flocs.
کوایگولیشن (Coagulation) وہ عمل ہے جس میں کیمیکلز ملا کر باریک ذرات کے گچھے (Flocs) بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
487📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Waste Management
The waste generated by the tannery industry is often characterized by:
Explanation
Tannery industrial effluents are characterized by extremely high organic matter loads (BOD/COD), high total dissolved solids, elevated sulfides, and toxic heavy metals like hexavalent/trivalent Chromium used during leather tanning.
چمڑا سازی کی صنعت (Tannery) کے فضلے میں زیادہ نامیاتی مواد اور زہریلے کیمیکلز (کرومیم وغیرہ) ہوتے ہیں۔
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488📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNutrient Removal & Eutrophication
The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to prevent:
Explanation
Nitrogen and phosphorus are limiting plant macronutrients. Removing them during tertiary biological wastewater treatment is essential to prevent rapid eutrophication, dense toxic algal blooms, and oxygen depletion in downstream receiving water bodies.
نائٹروجن اور فاسفورس کو صاف کرنا ندی نالوں میں الجی کے پھیلاؤ اور یوٹروفیکیشن کو روکنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔
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489📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringMass Balance & Process Modeling
The performance of a wastewater treatment system is evaluated by comparing influent and effluent concentrations of pollutants. This comparison is done using:
Explanation
Mass balance analysis (conservation of mass principle: Mass In=Mass Out+Mass Accumulated−Mass Converted\text{Mass In} = \text{Mass Out} + \text{Mass Accumulated} - \text{Mass Converted}) is the fundamental analytical method used to evaluate removal efficiencies across wastewater treatment units.
ٹریٹمنٹ سسٹم کی کارکردگی کا جائزہ لینے کے لیے ماس بیلنس انالیسس (Mass balance analysis) کا طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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490📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityMicrobial Indicators & Disinfection
The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in effluent indicates:
Explanation
Fecal coliforms (E. coli) serve as indicator microorganisms for human/warm-blooded animal intestinal pathogen contamination. Their presence in final effluent indicates inadequate or malfunctioning chlorination/UV disinfection.
خارج شدہ پانی میں فیکل کالیفارم کی موجودگی جراثیم کشی (Disinfection) کے ناقص ہونے کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔
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491📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Impact Statement (EIS)
An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a document that:
Explanation
An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a formal public document resulting from the EIA study that outlines the environmental consequences of a proposed development and specifies the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and mitigation measures.
انوائرنمنٹل امپیکٹ اسٹیٹمنٹ (EIS) وہ دستاویز ہے جس میں کسی پروجیکٹ کے ممکنہ ماحولیاتی اثرات اور ان کے سدباب کے اقدامات درج ہوتے ہیں۔
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492📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Impact Assessment
Socio-economic impacts of a project relate to its effects on:
Explanation
Socio-economic impact assessment evaluates changes in human population, employment opportunities, local community livelihoods, public health services, housing, cultural displacement, and overall community well-being.
سماجی و اقتصادی اثرات کا تعلق لوگوں کے روزگار، ملازمتوں، اور کمیونٹی کی فلاح و بہبود سے ہوتا ہے۔
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493📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Applications in EIA
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used in EIA to:
Explanation
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are digital spatial mapping tools used in EIA for spatial data overlay, site selection, sensitivity zoning, modeling land-use alterations, and visualizing projected impact radii on maps.
GIS کا استعمال جغرافیائی ڈیٹا کو نقشوں پر دکھانے اور ماحولیاتی اثرات کا فضائی تجزیہ کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
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494📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies
Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:
Explanation
Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.
ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
495📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Modeling Tools
Which software is commonly used for modeling and simulating environmental impacts?
Explanation
Specialized environmental modeling software (such as AERMOD and CALPUFF for air dispersion, QUAL2K for water quality, and SoundPLAN for acoustics) is standard for numerical simulations in EIA.
ماحولیاتی اثرات کی ماڈلنگ کے لیے مخصوص انوائرنمنٹل ماڈلنگ سافٹ ویئر استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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496📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEcological Terminology: Biota
In EIA, the term "biota" refers to:
Explanation
In ecology and EIA terminology, 'biota' encompasses all the combined flora (plants, trees, vegetation) and fauna (animals, birds, aquatic organisms) inhabiting a specified geographical region.
ماحولیات میں 'بائیوٹا' (Biota) سے مراد کسی علاقے کے تمام پودے، نباتات اور حیوانات ہیں۔
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497📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic environment encompasses aspects related to:
Explanation
The socio-economic environment includes aspects related to human society, culture, community well-being, employment, education, demographic shifts, and local economic livelihoods.
سماجی و اقتصادی ماحول کمیونٹی کی فلاح و بہبود اور روزگار کے پہلوؤں پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
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498📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir Act 1981 Powers
The Air Act, 1981, empowers the central and state boards to take measures for:
Explanation
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 empowers environmental boards to declare air pollution control areas, set emission standards, inspect industrial plants, and take all necessary measures for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution.
ایئر ایکٹ 1981 کا بنیادی مقصد ہوا کی آلودگی کی روک تھام اور اس پر قابو پانا ہے۔
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499📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyWorkplace Safety Audits
Safety audits help in:
Explanation
Safety audits systematically review workplace operations, identify potential hazards, evaluate legal compliance, and enhance occupational health and safety (OHS) performance standards.
حفاظتی آڈٹ (Safety audits) کام کی جگہ پر پیشہ ورانہ صحت اور حفاظت کے معیارات کو بہتر بنانے میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔
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500📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Planning
Disaster management plans are designed to:
Explanation
Disaster management plans structure preparedness, rapid response, resource mobilization, and recovery strategies to minimize loss of life, injury, and structural damage from major disasters.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلانز بڑی ہنگامی صورتحال اور آفات کے منفی اثرات اور نقصانات کو کم کرنے کے لیے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
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501📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementMock Drills & Emergency Preparedness
The purpose of conducting drills and mock exercises in disaster management is to:
Explanation
Mock drills and simulation exercises validate emergency preparedness, evaluate communication channels, test evacuation timing, and familiarize personnel with emergency protocols.
موک مشقوں (Mock drills) کا مقصد ہنگامی منصوبوں کی تاثیر اور تیاری کا عملی جائزہ لینا ہوتا ہے۔
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502📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringGrit Separation & Wastewater Solids
Consider the following statements:
a. Grit represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
b. Chloramine represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
c. Ammonia represents the purity of water.
d. Plankton represents the fully treated wastewater.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement (a) is correct: Grit refers to the heavier, non-putrescible inorganic mineral matter (such as sand, gravel, eggshells, and silt) with specific gravity >2.0> 2.0 present in wastewater.
گریٹ (Grit) سیوریج میں موجود ریت اور بھاری غیر نامیاتی ٹھوس مادے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔
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503📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityChemical Reagents in Water Analysis
Consider the following pairs:
a. NGT | 1. pH experiment
b. Alum | 2. Chloride content experiment
c. AgNO3AgNO_3 | 3. Coagulant
d. HNO3HNO_3 | 4. Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Alum (aluminum sulfate) is a standard chemical Coagulant (b-3), and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3AgNO_3) is the standard titrant used in Mohr's argentometric method to determine chloride content in water using potassium chromate indicator (c-2).
پھٹکری (Alum) کوایگولینٹ کے طور پر کام کرتی ہے (b-3) اور سلور نائٹریٹ (AgNO3AgNO_3) کلورائیڈ ٹیسٹ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے (c-2)۔
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504📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Assessment Tools (REA)
What is the REA tool?
Explanation
In environmental management and disaster response, the REA tool stands for Rapid Environmental Assessment, a streamlined methodology for quickly identifying key environmental vulnerabilities and post-disaster hazards.
REA کا مطلب ریپڈ انوائرنمنٹل اسیسمنٹ (Rapid Environmental Assessment) ہے۔
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505📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBhopal Gas Tragedy & EPA 1986
When EPA came into force?
Explanation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted by the Parliament of India in the immediate aftermath of the catastrophic December 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy (Union Carbide pesticide plant toxic methyl isocyanate gas leak).
انوائرنمنٹ پروٹیکشن ایکٹ 1986 (EPA) بھوپال گیس سانحہ (1984) کے بعد نافذ کیا گیا۔
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506📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater Act 1974 Sections
Which section of Water Act 1974 deals with Compulsory acquisition of land for the State Board?
Explanation
Section 56 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 provides for the compulsory acquisition of land for the State Pollution Control Board under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act.
واٹر ایکٹ 1974 کی دفعہ 56 ریاستی بورڈ کے لیے زمین کے لازمی حصول سے متعلق ہے۔
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507📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityPotable Water Standards & Characteristics
Consider the following pairs:
a. pH of potable water | 1. Chemical characteristic of water
b. Domestic water demand | 2. Physical characteristic of water
c. Pathogens | 3. 6.5-8.5
d. BOD | 4. 7
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
According to IS 10500, the acceptable pH of potable drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5 (a-3), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures the Chemical/Biological oxygen requirement characterizing water (d-1).
پینے کے پانی کا قابل قبول pH 6.5 سے 8.5 کے درمیان ہوتا ہے (a-3) اور BOD پانی کی کیمیائی خصوصیت ہے (d-1)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
508📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyBiotic vs Abiotic Components
Which among the following is abiotic?
Explanation
Air is an abiotic (non-living physical/chemical) component of the environment. Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants are living biotic components.
ہوا (Air) ماحول کا ایک غیر جاندار یعنی ای بائیوٹک (Abiotic) جزو ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
509📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyBacterial Classification & Decomposers
Which bacteria live on dead, decaying organic matters and dead tissues hence beneficial to mankind?
Explanation
Saprophytic bacteria are heterotrophic decomposers that feed on dead, decaying organic matter and waste tissues, breaking them down into simpler inorganic minerals and acting as nature's essential recyclers.
سیپروفائٹک بیکٹیریا (Saprophytic Bacteria) مردہ اور سڑنے والے نامیاتی مادوں کو کھا کر قدرتی صفائی اور ری سائیکلنگ میں مدد دیتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
510📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyEIA Definition & Concepts
What is full form of EIA?
Explanation
EIA stands for Environmental Impact Assessment, a formal planning and decision-making process used to predict and evaluate the environmental consequences of a proposed development project.
EIA کا مکمل مطلب انوائرنمنٹل امپیکٹ اسیسمنٹ (Environmental Impact Assessment) ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
511📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards
Which of the ISO 14000 series of standards focuses on evaluation of environmental performance?
Explanation
ISO 14031 provides international standard guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) within an organization's Environmental Management System.
ISO 14031 معیار ماحولیاتی کارکردگی کی جانچ (Environmental Performance Evaluation) پر مرکوز ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
512📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyInternational Environmental Conferences
Which of the following is NOT the key international conferences on environment to the development of international environmental law?
Explanation
The landmark historical UN environmental summits shaping international environmental law are: Stockholm 1972, Rio Earth Summit 1992, and Johannesburg WSSD 2002. There was no landmark international treaty summit named 'WEC 1988'.
اسٹاک ہوم 1972، ریو 1992، اور جوہانسبرگ 2002 بین الاقوامی ماحولیاتی قانون کی بنیاد ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
513📚Environmental Pollution & ControlEnvironmental Movements in India
Arrange the following environmental movements in chronological order.
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan
2. Silent Valley movement
3. Chipko movement
4. Appiko movement
Explanation
Chronological order of Indian environmental grassroots movements: 3. Chipko Movement (1973 in Uttarakhand) → 2. Silent Valley Movement (1978 in Kerala) → 4. Appiko Movement (1983 in Karnataka) → 1. Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985). Correct sequence: 3, 2, 4, 1.
ماحولیاتی تحریکوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: چپکو تحریک 1973 (3) ← سائلنٹ ویلی 1978 (2) ← ایپیکو 1983 (4) ← نرمدا بچاؤ آندولن 1985 (1)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
514📚Environmental Pollution & ControlMajor Global Environmental Disasters
Arrange the following environmental disasters in chronological order.
1. Niger-Delta Oil Pollution
2. India - Bhopal Cyanide Gas Leak
3. Italy - Seveso Dioxin Cloud
4. Romania - Cyanide Spill
Explanation
Chronological sequence: 3. Seveso Dioxin Disaster, Italy (July 1976) → 2. Bhopal Gas Leak, India (December 1984) → 4. Baia Mare Cyanide Spill, Romania (January 2000) → 1. Niger Delta ongoing spills.
ماحولیاتی آفات کی تاریخی ترتیب: سیویسو 1976 (3) ← بھوپال گیس سانحہ 1984 (2) ← رومانیہ سائنائیڈ اخراج 2000 (4)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
515📚Environmental Pollution & ControlActive vs Passive Fire Protection
What is Fire extinguisher?
Explanation
A fire extinguisher is an Active Fire Protection system because it requires active manual operation or mechanical triggering to suppress and extinguish a fire. (Fire-rated walls and fire doors are passive systems).
فائر ایکسٹنگوشر (Fire extinguisher) آگ بجھانے کا ایک ایکٹو فائر پروٹیکشن سسٹم (Active Fire protection system) ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
516📚Environmental Pollution & ControlWater Chemistry & Odors
Consider the following statements:
a) The smell of hydrogen sulphide is like a rotten egg in wastewater.
b) Presence of algae in water increases alkalinity of water.
c) Alkali salts are used to balance pH of acidic water.
d) Hydrogen sulphide is odourless gas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct: Hydrogen sulfide (H2SH_2S) produces a characteristic rotten egg odor, algal photosynthesis removes dissolved CO2CO_2 which shifts bicarbonate equilibria and increases water pH/alkalinity, and alkaline salts (like lime or soda ash) neutralize acidic water.
ہائیڈروجن سلفائیڈ کی بو سڑے ہوئے انڈے جیسی ہوتی ہے، الجی پانی کی الکلینٹی بڑھاتی ہے اور الکلی سالٹس تیزابی پانی کا pH متوازن کرتے ہیں۔ (بیانات a, b اور c درست ہیں)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
517📚Environmental Pollution & ControlTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) Testing
Where Whatman's filter paper is used?
Explanation
Whatman glass microfiber filter paper (such as Grade 934-AH or Whatman 40/42) is used in laboratory gravimetric analysis to filter and determine Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in water samples.
واٹ مین فلٹر پیپر پانی میں ٹوٹل سسپینڈڈ سالڈز (TSS) معلوم کرنے کے لیے لیبارٹری میں استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
518📚Environmental Pollution & ControlDisaster Management Cycle
Arrange the following phases of Disaster Management in the correct sequence.
1. Mitigation
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Preparedness
Explanation
The standard circular phases of the disaster management continuum are: 1. Mitigation (risk reduction) → 4. Preparedness (readiness before disaster) → 2. Response (immediate emergency relief) → 3. Recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction). Sequence: 1, 4, 2, 3.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ کے مراحل کا درست سلسلہ: تخفیف (1) ← تیاری (4) ← فوری رسپانس (2) ← بحالی (3)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
519📚Environmental Pollution & ControlPlankton & Aquatic Ecology
What is plankton?
Explanation
Plankton refers to the diverse collection of microscopic drifting organisms inhabiting water bodies, categorized into phytoplankton (microscopic photosynthetic plants/algae) and zooplankton (microscopic animals).
پلینکٹن (Plankton) پانی میں تیرنے والے خوردبینی پودوں (Phytoplankton) اور جانداروں پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
520📚Environmental Pollution & ControlRamsar Convention International Partners
Which of the following are Partners of Ramsar Convention?
1. International Union for conservation of Nature
2. Birdlife International
3. International Water Management Institute
4. Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust
Select the correct option:
Explanation
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has six International Organization Partners (IOPs): IUCN, BirdLife International, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wetlands International, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT), and WWF. All four listed are official partners.
رامسر کنونشن کے بین الاقوامی شراکت داروں میں IUCN، برڈ لائف، IWMI، اور WWT سب شامل ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
521📚Environmental Pollution & ControlCPCB Constitution & Water Act
In constitution of central board for prevention and control of water pollution how many persons are nominated by government, which represents the companies or corporation owned, controlled or managed by central government.
Explanation
Under Section 3(2)(c) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Central Government nominates not more than three persons to represent corporations/companies owned, controlled, or managed by the Central Government.
واٹر ایکٹ 1974 کے تحت مرکزی حکومت کے ملکیتی اداروں کی نمائندگی کے لیے 3 افراد نامزد کیے جاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
522📚Environmental Pollution & ControlSolid Waste Management Rules 2016
As per Solid Waste Management rule 2016 which ministry decides tariff or charges for the power generated from the waste to energy plant based on solid waste.
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, the Ministry of Power (and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions) is responsible for determining the tariff, power purchase agreements, and mandatory power procurement from Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق منسٹری آف پاور (Ministry of Power) پاور ٹیرف کا تعین کرتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
523📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringLandfill Closure & Vegetation Criteria
Criteria for plantation at landfill sites should be:
1. Locally adopted non edible perineal plants that are resistant to drought and extreme temperature.
2. The selection of plants should be of such variety that their root does not penetrate more than 30 cms. This condition shall apply till landfill is stabilized.
3. Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low nutrients soil with minimum nutrient addition.
4. Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimize soil erosion.
Explanation
All four criteria (1, 2, 3, and 4) are standard technical guidelines under municipal solid waste landfill capping rules to prevent root puncture of the barrier membrane while stabilizing topsoil against erosion.
لینڈ فل سائیٹس پر شجرکاری کے لیے چاروں شرائط (مقامی پودے، جڑوں کی محدود گہرائی، کم غذائی مٹی پر افزائش اور کٹاؤ کی روک تھام) درست ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
524📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringHeavy Metal Toxicity: Chromium Species
Which state of chromium is more toxic?
Explanation
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+\text{Cr}^{6+}) is highly mobile, strong oxidizing, highly toxic, mutagenic, and a known human carcinogen compared to trivalent chromium (Cr3+\text{Cr}^{3+}), which is an essential nutrient with low toxicity.
ہیکساویلنٹ کرومیم (Cr6+\text{Cr}^{6+}) سب سے زیادہ زہریلا اور کینسر پیدا کرنے والا مادہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
525📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringIdeal Disinfectant Characteristics
Consider the following statements:
1. A good disinfectant must be toxic to microorganisms at concentrations well below the toxic thresholds to humans.
2. It should have fast rate of killing.
3. Should be persistent enough to prevent regrowth of organisms in distribution system.
4. At low concentrations, chlorine kills the microorganisms by oxidizing the cell wall.
Choose the correct:
Explanation
All statements (1, 2, 3, and 4) accurately describe the properties of ideal municipal water disinfectants and the physiological mechanism of chlorine disinfection.
ایک اچھے جراثیم کش مادے میں یہ تمام خصوصیات (1، 2، 3 اور 4) ہونی چاہئیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
526📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringOzone Layer & Ozone Depleting Substances
Regarding the Ozone Layer, consider the following statements:
1. 90% of ozone occurs naturally in the Stratosphere.
2. Methyl bromide is an Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are correct: Approximately 90% of atmospheric ozone resides in the stratosphere (the ozone layer), and Methyl bromide (CH3BrCH_3Br), widely used as an agricultural fumigant, is a potent ozone-depleting substance controlled under the Montreal Protocol.
90% اوزون اسٹریٹوسفیر میں پائی جاتی ہے اور میتھائل برومائڈ اوزون کو نقصان پہنچانے والا مادہ ہے۔ دونوں بیانات درست ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
527📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringIndustrial Effluent Standards: Sugar Industry
Permissible limit of Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)(\text{mg/L}) for disposal in surface waters from Sugar industry is:
Explanation
Under CPCB and MoEFCC Environment (Protection) Rules for effluent discharge into inland surface water, the permissible limit for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from the Sugar industry is 100 mg/L100\text{ mg/L}.
شوگر انڈسٹری سے ندی نالوں میں خارج کیے جانے والے پانی میں TSS کی قابل قبول حد 100 ملی گرام فی لیٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
528📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringMontreux Record & Ramsar Wetlands
With reference to the Montreux Protocol which of the statement is correct?
Explanation
The Montreux Record (under Ramsar Convention) is a register of wetland sites on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance where adverse ecological changes have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution, or human interference.
مونٹروکس ریکارڈ (Montreux Record) خطرے سے دوچار اہم آبی ذخائر (Wetlands) کا بین الاقوامی رجسٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
529📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringKigali Amendment on HFCs
With reference to the Kigali Agreement, consider the following statement:
1. It was introduced as an amendment to the Montreal Protocol
2. It aims for the phase-down of HFCs
3. It came into force in September 2019
Which of the following are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: The Kigali Amendment (2016) amended the Montreal Protocol to legally phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Statement 3 is incorrect because it came into force globally on 1 January 2019.
کیگالی معاہدہ مونٹریال پروٹوکول میں ترمیم ہے اور اس کا مقصد HFCs کو مرحلہ وار کم کرنا ہے۔ (بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
530📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringWildlife Protection Act Protected Areas
Which of the following is/are have been provided for in the Wildlife protection act, 1972?
1. National parks
2. Wildlife sanctuaries
3. Biosphere reserves
Select the correct answer:
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 specifically provides for the statutory declaration and management of Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves. Biosphere Reserves are established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme.
وائلڈ لائف پروٹیکشن ایکٹ 1972 کے تحت نیشنل پارکس اور وائلڈ لائف سینکچوریز قائم کی جاتی ہیں۔ (1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
531📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringNAAQS Air Quality Sampling Protocol
Annual average for air pollution means total of........ measurements in a year.
Explanation
In National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), an annual average calculation requires a minimum of 104 measurements taken over 24 hours twice a week at uniform intervals throughout the year.
سالانہ اوسط ایئر کوالٹی کے لیے سال میں کم از کم 104 پیمائشیں (ہفتے میں دو بار) لازمی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
532📚Water Quality & Wastewater Engineering42nd Constitutional Amendment & Environment
Which amendment explicitly incorporated Article 48-A and 51-A (g) into the Constitution?
Explanation
The landmark 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle directing the State to protect and improve the environment) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty of citizens).
42ویں آئینی ترمیم 1976 کے ذریعے آئین میں ماحولیات سے متعلق آرٹیکل 48-A اور 51-A(g) شامل کیے گئے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
533📚Water Quality & Wastewater EngineeringSewage Sludge Disposal & Heavy Metals
Municipal sewage sludge can be used as a fertilizer but may be unsuitable because of the presence of:
Explanation
Municipal sewage sludge (biosolids) contains valuable plant nutrients but can be hazardous for agricultural application due to the presence of non-biodegradable Heavy Metals (Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,AsCd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As) and organic micropollutants that bioaccumulate in food crops.
سیوریج سلج میں بھاری دھاتوں (Heavy metals) کی موجودگی اسے زرعی کھاد کے لیے غیر محفوظ بنا سکتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
534📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementEIA Methodology & Standards
Which of the following is NOT included during EIA?
Explanation
EIA requires rigorous quantitative empirical measurements, baseline comparison, and environmental management plans; superficial or vague qualitative-only scoring without baseline validation is inadequate.
EIA میں صرف مبہم معیاری بیانات کی بجائے مقداری پیمائش اور جامع ماڈلنگ لازمی ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
535📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Given below are two statements. One labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a more advanced tool in environmental management.
Reason (R): SEA is applicable at the level of policy, planning and programs.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) correctly explains (A). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is considered an advanced tool because it evaluates environmental consequences upstream at the strategic Policy, Plan, and Programme (PPP) level before individual project-level EIAs are even initiated.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور (R) درست وجہ بتاتا ہے کہ SEA پالیسی اور پلاننگ کی سطح پر کام کرتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
536📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementLandfill Siting Buffer Distances
According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
537📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementPlastic Waste EPR Categories
Match the following with respect to plastic packaging:
List 1: 1. Category I, 2. Category II, 3. Category III, 4. Category IV
List 2: i. Multilayered plastic packaging, ii. Carry bags of compostable plastic, iii. Rigid plastic packaging, iv. Flexible plastic packaging single or multilayer
Select the correct option:
Explanation
Under Plastic Waste Management (Extended Producer Responsibility) Rules: Category I = Rigid plastic packaging (iii), Category II = Flexible plastic packaging (iv), Category III = Multi-layered plastic packaging (i), Category IV = Plastic sheet/carry bags of compostable plastic (ii). Option B matches perfectly.
پلاسٹک رولز کے تحت کیٹیگری I سخت پلاسٹک ہے (iii)، کیٹیگری II لچکدار پلاسٹک ہے (iv)، کیٹیگری III ملٹی لیئر ہے (i) اور کیٹیگری IV کمپوسٹ ایبل ہے (ii)۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
538📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementPhosphorus Analysis Methods
Which method is commonly employed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating phosphorus levels in water samples?
Explanation
The standard US EPA and Standard Methods procedure for determining dissolved and total phosphorus is the automated or manual Ascorbic Acid Colorimetric Method, where orthophosphate reacts with ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate to form a phosphomolybdenum blue complex measured spectrophotometrically at 880 nm.
پانی میں فاسفورس کی پیمائش کے لیے ایسکوربک ایسڈ کا اسپیکٹرو فوٹومیٹرک طریقہ (Ascorbic acid method) استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
539📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementSmog Definition & Formation
Smog is the mixture of
Explanation
The word 'smog' was originally coined by Dr. H.A. Des Voeux as a portmanteau of Smoke and Fog, describing heavy atmospheric pollution formed by particulate smoke combining with damp fog.
سموگ (Smog) دھوئیں (Smoke) اور دھند (Fog) کے ملاپ سے بنتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
540📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementPollution & Human Health Hazards
An example of a health hazard associated with environmental pollution is
Explanation
Exposure to particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and toxic fumes in ambient air triggers severe chronic respiratory illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and lung cancer.
ہوا کی آلودگی کی وجہ سے سانس کی بیماریاں (Respiratory diseases) پیدا ہونا ماحولیاتی آلودگی کا واضح صحت کا خطرہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
541📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementHealth Effects of Ozone Depletion
Which of the following diseases is majorly caused due to ozone depletion?
Explanation
Ozone layer thinning allows harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to penetrate to Earth's surface, causing cellular DNA damage that significantly increases the incidence of skin cancers (melanoma and carcinomas) and cataracts.
اوزون کی تہہ کے پتلے ہونے اور UV شعاعوں کے بڑھنے سے جلد کا کینسر (Skin cancer) لاحق ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
542📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementSewage Plant Design Horizon
The estimated design period for sewage treatment facility typically ranges from
Explanation
Under standard CPHEEO civil and environmental engineering guidelines, sewage treatment facilities and secondary treatment structures are designed for a 20 to 30 year operational design horizon based on projected population growth.
سیوریج ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹ کا متوقع ڈیزائن پیریڈ عام طور پر 20 سے 30 سال کا ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
543📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementTypes of BOD: CBOD & NBOD
How many types of biological oxygen demand (BOD) is present in water?
Explanation
There are 2 primary types of BOD exerted during wastewater stabilization: (1) Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) due to the oxidation of organic carbon compounds, and (2) Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (NBOD) due to the nitrification of ammonia.
پانی میں حیاتیاتی آکسیجن کی مانگ (BOD) کی 2 اہم اقسام ہوتی ہیں: کاربونیشس BOD اور نائٹروجینس BOD۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
544📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementWastewater Pumps & Mechanics
Which types of pumps are widely used in wastewater plant for flow and pressure?
Explanation
Centrifugal pumps (specifically non-clog open and semi-open impeller types) are the workhorse pumps most widely used in wastewater treatment plants due to their high volumetric flow capacities, smooth continuous discharge, and ability to handle suspended solids without jamming.
گندے پانی کے ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹس میں سینٹری فیوگل پمپ (Centrifugal pumps) سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
545📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementCOD Definition & Units
The unit of COD present in wastewater is
Explanation
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is defined as the mass of equivalent oxygen required to chemically oxidize all organic compounds per unit volume of water, expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L\text{mg/L} or ppm).
کیمیکل آکسیجن ڈیمانڈ (COD) کی معیاری اکائی ملی گرام فی لیٹر (mg/L) ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
546📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementBiochemical Oxygen Demand Concept
The BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of a wastewater is a measure of
Explanation
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the empirical measure of the quantity of dissolved oxygen utilized by aerobic microorganisms during the biochemical oxidation and decomposition of biodegradable organic matter in water.
BOD گندے پانی میں نامیاتی مادے کو گلانے کے لیے بیکٹیریا کو درکار آکسیجن کی مقدار ہے۔
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547📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementCement Industry Effluent Characteristics
Which waste characteristic is common in the effluent from the cement industry?
Explanation
Cement manufacturing process washwaters contain suspended cement particulate slurry with high pH / low acidity (alkaline nature, high dissolved calcium hydroxide), distinct from high organic BOD effluents.
سیمنٹ انڈسٹری کا فضلہ بنیادی طور پر الکلائن اور معلق ذرات پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے، جس میں نامیاتی BOD نہیں ہوتا۔
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548📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationTannery Effluent Treatment
Which industry typically generates wastewater with high levels of organic pollutants and requires specialized treatment?
Explanation
The Tannery industry generates extremely recalcitrant, complex wastewater containing exceptionally high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), toxic chromium salts, and sulfides requiring multi-stage chemical and biological treatment.
ٹینری (چمڑا سازی) کی صنعت سے خارج ہونے والے گندے پانی میں بھاری نامیاتی آلودگی اور زہریلے کیمیکلز ہوتے ہیں۔
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549📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationUASB Reactor Microorganisms
What type of microorganisms are predominantly active in a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor?
Explanation
A UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor is a high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment process that utilizes a dense blanket of granular anaerobic methanogenic and acidogenic bacteria operating in the complete absence of dissolved oxygen.
UASB ری ایکٹر میں بنیادی طور پر اینیروبک مائیکرو آرگنزمز (Anaerobic microorganisms) فعال ہوتے ہیں۔
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550📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationEIA Process Components
Which of the following is not a primary component in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process?
Explanation
The core stages of the formal EIA process are Scoping, Impact Assessment, Mitigation Measures, Public Consultation, and Environmental Management Planning. Preparing an annual 'Environmental Statement' (Form V under EPA) is a post-construction statutory audit, not a primary pre-project EIA step.
انوائرنمنٹل اسٹیٹمنٹ ایک سالانہ تعمیل آڈٹ ہے، جو پروجیکٹ سے قبل EIA کے بنیادی مراحل میں شامل نہیں ہے۔
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551📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationEMP Organizational Framework
Defining the Roles and Responsibilities comes under which stage of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)?
Explanation
Within the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the organizational framework and institutional structure detailing administrative roles, responsibilities, and allocation of personnel is established under Environmental Management Strategies.
ماحولیاتی انتظامی حکمت عملی (EMP Strategies) کے تحت ذمہ داریاں اور کردار طے کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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552📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationRio Declaration 1992 & EIA
Which international agreement, signed in 1992, emphasizes the importance of conducting EIAs for projects that may have transboundary environmental effects?
Explanation
Principle 17 of the landmark 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development explicitly mandated Environmental Impact Assessment as a national instrument for proposed activities likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts.
1992 کا ریو اعلامیہ (Rio Declaration) بین الاقوامی ماحولیاتی اثرات کے لیے EIA کے نفاذ پر زور دیتا ہے۔
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553📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationSocio-Cultural Impact Assessment
When a cultural site comes under the impact line of a proposed project, the matter is relevant to
Explanation
Impacts on archaeological monuments, religious shrines, historical landmarks, and indigenous cultural heritage are evaluated under the Socio-Cultural Index and Heritage Impact Assessment within the socio-economic dimension of EIA.
کسی ثقافتی یا تاریخی مقام پر اثرات کا تعلق سماجی و ثقافتی انڈیکس (Socio-cultural Index) سے ہوتا ہے۔
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554📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
SEA stands for
Explanation
SEA stands for Strategic Environmental Assessment, the formalized, systematic, and comprehensive process of evaluating the environmental effects of a policy, plan, or programme.
SEA کا مطلب اسٹریٹجک انوائرنمنٹل اسیسمنٹ (Strategic Environmental Assessment) ہے۔
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555📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationGIS Site Suitability in EIA
How does GIS assist in identifying potential impacts during site selection in EIA for industries?
Explanation
GIS assists environmental site selection by integrating multi-layered spatial data (topography, land-use zoning, hydrology, wildlife corridors, and proximity to protected forests and populated settlements) to identify ecologically sensitive constraints.
GIS زمین کے استعمال اور حساس ماحولیاتی علاقوں کا ڈیٹا ملا کر محفوظ اور موزوں جگہ کے انتخاب میں مدد دیتا ہے۔
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556📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?
Explanation
Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.
ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔
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557📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationDisaster Management Objectives
What is the primary goal of a disaster management plan?
Explanation
The primary objective of all disaster management planning is to prevent hazards, build community resilience, and minimize the loss of human life, injury, property damage, and socio-economic disruption.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلان کا بنیادی مقصد انسانی جان اور مالی نقصان کو کم سے کم کرنا ہے۔
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558📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationIndustrial Safety Audits
Safety audits in industrial units primarily focus on
Explanation
Industrial safety audits systematically verify whether workplace facilities, machinery, and procedures comply with statutory occupational health and safety regulations and internal hazard prevention protocols.
حفاظتی آڈٹ کا بنیادی مقصد حفاظتی قوانین اور طریقہ کار کی تعمیل کو یقینی بنانا ہے۔
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559📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationNatural vs Man-Made Disasters
Which of the following could be considered as a man-made disaster?
Explanation
Industrial, building, or urban fires (caused by arson, electrical short circuits, chemical explosions, or human negligence) are classified as anthropogenic (man-made or technological) disasters. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are natural disasters.
آگ (Fire) انسانی غفلت یا صنعتی حادثات کی وجہ سے انسان کی پیدا کردہ آفت (Man-made disaster) کی زمرے میں آتی ہے۔
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560📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsAsian Games 2023
Who were the key members of the Indian team that won the gold medal in the Women's 25m pistol shooting team event at the Asian Games 2023?
Explanation
The Indian trio of Manu Bhaker, Rhythm Sangwan, and Esha Singh won the gold medal in the Women's 25m Pistol Team event at the Hangzhou Asian Games 2023 with a combined score of 1759 points.
منو بھاکر، ریدم سانگوان اور ایشا سنگھ کی ہندوستانی ٹیم نے ایشین گیمز 2023 میں 25 میٹر پسٹل ٹیم ایونٹ میں گولڈ میڈل جیتا۔
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561📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsHuman Migration: Push & Pull Factors
Which of the following is NOT a common pull factor?
Explanation
Political oppression, war, poverty, and persecution are 'Push Factors' that drive people away from their origin. Better employment, higher income, and higher living standards are 'Pull Factors' that attract immigrants to a destination.
سیاسی جبر (Political oppression) ایک پش فیکٹر (Push factor) ہے، پل فیکٹر (Pull factor) نہیں۔
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562📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsLakes & Wetlands of India
Which is the largest freshwater lake in Bihar?
Explanation
Kanwar Taal (or Kabar Taal Lake in Begusarai district, Bihar) is Asia's largest freshwater oxbow lake and Bihar's first declared Ramsar site.
کنور تال (Kanwar Taal Lake) بہار کی سب سے بڑی میٹھے پانی کی جھیل اور رامسر سائٹ ہے۔
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563📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsConstitutional History & 1947 Act
Which of the following statements about the Indian Independence Act of 1947 is false?
Explanation
Statement B is false because the Constituent Assembly of India was formed earlier in November/December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, NOT under the Indian Independence Act of 1947.
بیان B غلط ہے کیونکہ دستور ساز اسمبلی کا قیام کیبنٹ مشن پلان 1946 کے تحت ہوا تھا، انڈین انڈیپنڈنس ایکٹ 1947 کے تحت نہیں۔
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564📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsSpace Missions & ISRO Chandrayaan-3
Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Chandrayaan - 3 mission?
Explanation
The 3 official mission objectives of ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 were: (1) Safe and soft landing of Lander (Vikram) on lunar surface, (2) Demonstrating Rover (Pragyan) roving on the moon, and (3) In-situ scientific experiments. "Loitering capabilities" was NOT an objective.
چندریان 3 کا مقصد چاند کی سطح پر محفوظ لینڈنگ، روور کا چلنا اور سائنسی تجربات کرنا تھا، "loitering" اس کا مقصد نہیں تھا۔
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565📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsWalnut & Fruit Varieties of J&K
Which of the following is not a variety of walnuts?
Explanation
Kagzi, Sulaiman, and Burzil are famous indigenous commercial varieties of walnuts grown in Jammu & Kashmir. 'Raktsey Karpo' is a GI-tagged premium variety of Apricot (Khumani) from Ladakh.
راکتسے کارپو (Raktsey Karpo) خوبانی (Apricot) کی قسم ہے، اخروٹ کی نہیں۔ کاغذی، سلیمان اور برزل اخروٹ کی اقسام ہیں۔
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566📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsTemples & Shrines of J&K
Peer Kho Temple is a
Explanation
Peer Kho Cave Temple (located on the banks of the Tawi River in Jammu) is an ancient Hindu cave temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (also known as Jamwant Cave).
پیر کھو مندر جموں میں دریائے توی کے کنارے واقع بھگوان شیو کا ایک قدیم غار مندر ہے۔
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567📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsRepresentation in Parliament: Rajya Sabha
According to the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019, how many members of councils of state are from Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Under Section 8 and the First Schedule of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is allocated 4 seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
جموں و کشمیر تنظیم نو ایکٹ 2019 کے تحت راجیہ سبھا (کونسل آف اسٹیٹس) میں جموں و کشمیر کے لیے 4 نشستیں مختص ہیں۔
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568📚General EnglishModals
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
It is eleven o'clock in the morning. He ________ be working in the office now.
Explanation
'Must' is used to express strong logical deduction and high certainty based on present evidence (11 a.m. on a workday).
منطقی یقین اور قیاس ظاہر کرنے کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'must' کا استعمال ہوگا۔
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569📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options.
The young man is in search of ________ employment because he is in ________ great financial crisis.
Explanation
'Employment' is an uncountable abstract noun used in a general sense (requiring no article), while 'crisis' is a countable singular noun modified by 'great' (requiring 'a').
'Employment' کے ساتھ کوئی آرٹیکل نہیں آئے گا اور 'crisis' کے ساتھ 'a' لگے گا۔
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570📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?
Explanation
According to the passage and general science, Coal is a finite fossil fuel (non-renewable), whereas solar, wind, and hydroelectric are renewable.
کوئلہ (Coal) غیر قابل تجدید فوسل ایندھن ہے۔
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571📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
What is the primary goal of adopting sustainable energy?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels... which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution."
پائیدار توانائی کا بنیادی مقصد گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج اور فضائی آلودگی کو کم کرنا ہے۔
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572📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
How is sustainable energy linked to global initiatives?
Explanation
The passage explicitly connects sustainable energy to the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement temperature targets.
پائیدار توانائی اقوام متحدہ کے SDGs اور پیرس معاہدے سے منسلک ہے۔
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573📚General EnglishHomophones & Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homophones/homonyms.
He drinks ________ daily against the advice of doctors.
Explanation
'Ale' is a type of alcoholic brewed beer. 'Ail' means to suffer from illness or pain.
'Ale' سے مراد ایک قسم کا نشہ آور مشروب (شراب/بیئر) ہے، جبکہ 'ail' کا مطلب بیمار ہونا ہے۔
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574📚General EnglishHomophones & Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homophones/homonyms.
Divine force is ________ in universe.
Explanation
'Immanent' means existing or operating within, inherent, or pervading the material universe. 'Eminent' means distinguished/famous, and 'Imminent' means about to happen.
'Immanent' کا مطلب کائنات کے اندر ہر جگہ موجود (حاضر و ناظر) ہونا ہے۔
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575📚General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Which of the following options does NOT express the correct meaning of the given idiom/Phrase:
Wet blanket
Explanation
A 'wet blanket' is a spoilsport who dampens other people's fun and excitement. Option D expresses the exact opposite and does NOT express its meaning.
'Wet blanket' رنگ میں بھنگ ڈالنے والے شخص کو کہتے ہیں۔ آپشن D اس کے برعکس معنی دیتا ہے۔
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576📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
The child playing in the backyard was startled when a squirrel darted ________ the swing set.
Explanation
'Under' is the natural dynamic preposition of movement indicating passing beneath the structure of the swing set.
سوئنگ سیٹ کے نیچے سے تیزی سے گزرنے کے لیے 'under' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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577📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
He climbed ________ the ladder to get onto the roof.
Explanation
'Up' is the standard preposition of direction used with climb ('climbed up the ladder').
سیڑھی چڑھنے کے لیے 'climbed up' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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578📚General EnglishSentence Correction
Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
Explanation
Option B is correct. 'Despite' does not take 'of' (unlike 'in spite of'), and 'managed' is followed by the infinitive 'to finish'.
'Despite' کے ساتھ 'of' نہیں لگتا اور 'managed to finish' درست گرامر ہے۔
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579📚Knowledge of ComputersComputer Hardware & Expansion Slots
A PCIe slot is used for what purpose on a computer
Explanation
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slots on motherboards are high-speed expansion buses primarily used to connect dedicated Graphics Processing Units (GPUs / graphics cards), NVMe SSD cards, and network interface cards.
کمپیوٹر کے مدر بورڈ پر PCIe سلاٹ بنیادی طور پر گرافکس کارڈ (Graphics card) لگانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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580📚Knowledge of ComputersCybersecurity & Malware
Which of the following replicate itself to slow down the computer system?
Explanation
A computer Worm is a standalone self-replicating malware program that actively propagates copies of itself across networks and memory without needing a host program, consuming bandwidth and system resources to slow down systems.
کمپیوٹر ورم (Worm) خود کو خود بخود ریپلیکیٹ کر کے سسٹم اور نیٹ ورک کو سست کر دیتا ہے۔
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581📚Knowledge of ComputersProgramming & Scripting Languages
Which of the following is NOT a scripting language?
Explanation
Java is a statically typed, compiled, object-oriented programming language compiled into bytecode. Python, Perl, and Ruby are dynamically typed scripting languages.
جاوا (Java) ایک کمپائلڈ پروگرامنگ زبان ہے، اسکرپٹنگ زبان نہیں ہے۔
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582📚Knowledge of ComputersHardware & Surveillance Technology
Which of the following features allows a PTZ camera to automatically track the moving object within its field of view?
Explanation
Motion-based auto tracking (or smart tracking) is the built-in algorithmic feature that allows a PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) camera to detect and continuously follow a moving target across its surveillance field.
موشن بیسڈ آٹو ٹریکنگ (Motion-based auto tracking) PTZ کیمرے کو متحرک چیز کا پیچھا کرنے کے قابل بناتی ہے۔
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583📚Knowledge of ComputersFirewall vs Antivirus
Which of the following is false?
Explanation
Statement B is false: A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules; it does NOT scan, quarantine, or delete infected files within local storage (which is the job of Antivirus software).
بیان B غلط ہے کیونکہ فائر وال نیٹ ورک ٹریفک کو فلٹر کرتا ہے، سسٹم کے اندر سے میلویئر کو ڈیلیٹ کرنا اینٹی وائرس کا کام ہے۔
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584📚Knowledge of ComputersE-Governance & Digital India
Where is AADHAAR data stored?
Explanation
Under the Aadhaar Act 2016, all biometric and demographic Aadhaar data is stored in the Central Identities Data Repository (CIDR) managed by UIDAI.
آدھار ڈیٹا UIDAI کے سینٹرل آئیڈینٹٹیز ڈیٹا ریپازیٹری (CIDR) میں محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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585📚Knowledge of ComputersInformation Technology Fundamentals
Which of the following is NOT a component of Information Technology?
Explanation
Information Technology (IT) revolves around computer software, networking systems, databases, and digital architectures (like Blockchain and OS). Traditional standalone photocopier (Xerox) machines are office reproduction appliances.
فوٹو کاپی (زیروکس) مشین معلوماتی ٹیکنالوجی (IT) کا بنیادی ڈیجیٹل جزو نہیں ہے۔
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586📚Quantitative AptitudeProfit & Loss
A shopkeeper bought oranges at 7 for a rupee and sold them at a gain of 40%. How many oranges for a rupee did he sell?
Explanation
Cost price of 1 orange =Rs. 1/7= \text{Rs. } 1/7. Selling price of 1 orange =17×1.40=1.407=Rs. 0.20=15= \frac{1}{7} \times 1.40 = \frac{1.40}{7} = \text{Rs. } 0.20 = \frac{1}{5}. Hence, he sells 5 oranges for a rupee.
اس نے 1 روپے میں 5 سنترا بیچے (1/0.20=51/0.20 = 5)۔
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587📚Quantitative AptitudeProfit & Loss
A person buys books at Rs. 300 for 5 and sells them at Rs.740 for 10 (or Rs. 74/book). How many books must he sell in order to earn profit of Rs. 3,520?
Explanation
Cost price per book =300/5=Rs. 60= 300/5 = \text{Rs. } 60. Selling profit per unit required to achieve total profit =3520= 3520. If profit per book is Rs. 88 (or 740 for 5 books yielding Rs. 88/book), 3520/88=403520 / 88 = 40 books.
3520 روپے منافع کمانے کے لیے اسے 40 کتابیں فروخت کرنی ہوں گی۔
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588📚Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
Sachin can complete a job in 15 days. Ankit alone can complete the same job in 10 days. Sachin works for 9 days and then the remaining job is completed by Ankit. How many days will it take Ankit to complete the remaining job alone?
Explanation
Sachin's 9 days work =9×115=35= 9 \times \frac{1}{15} = \frac{3}{5}. Remaining work =1−35=25= 1 - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{2}{5}. Time for Ankit alone =25×10=4= \frac{2}{5} \times 10 = 4 days.
انکت باقی کام کو 4 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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589📚Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
P and Q can do a piece of work in 32 and 40 days respectively. They began to work together but P leaves after sometimes and Q completed remaining work in 16 days. After how many days did P leaves (in days)?
Explanation
Total work =160= 160 units. Efficiency of P=5P = 5 units/day, Q=4Q = 4 units/day. Q worked alone for last 16 days =16×4=64= 16 \times 4 = 64 units. Work done together =160−64=96= 160 - 64 = 96 units. Combined rate =5+4=9= 5 + 4 = 9 units/day. Days worked together =969=323= \frac{96}{9} = \frac{32}{3} days.
P نے 323\frac{32}{3} دن بعد کام چھوڑ دیا۔
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590📚Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days, B and C together can do it in 20 days. A starts the work and works on it for 5 days, then B takes it up and works for 15 days, Finally, C finishes the work in 18 days. In how many days can C do the work when doing it separately (in days)?
Explanation
Grouping work: 5 days of (A+B) + 10 days of (B+C) + 8 days of C =1= 1. 5(1/30)+10(1/20)+8/C=1  ⟹  1/6+1/2+8/C=1  ⟹  2/3+8/C=1  ⟹  8/C=1/3  ⟹  C=245(1/30) + 10(1/20) + 8/C = 1 \implies 1/6 + 1/2 + 8/C = 1 \implies 2/3 + 8/C = 1 \implies 8/C = 1/3 \implies C = 24 days.
C اکیلا پورا کام 24 دن میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔
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591📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of 4 km/hr4\text{ km/hr} and returns to Pune at speed of 6 km/hr6\text{ km/hr}. What is his average speed of the entire journey?
Explanation
Average speed =2xyx+y=2×4×64+6=4810=4.8 km/hr= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}.
پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار 2×4×6/(4+6)=4.8 km/hr2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
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592📚General Intelligence & ReasoningVenn Diagrams & Sets
Out of the 75 bird watchers or birders, 15 wanted to see only sunbird, 10 wanted to see only flycatcher, 12 wanted to see both sunbird and nuthatch, 15 wanted to see only bee-eater, 13 wanted to see both sunbird and bee-eater, 5 wanted to see both flycatcher and nuthatch and the remaining wanted to see only nuthatch. How many birders wanted to see only one bird?
Explanation
Non-exclusive birders =12+13+5=30= 12 + 13 + 5 = 30. Total wanting only one bird =75−30=45= 75 - 30 = 45.
صرف ایک پرندہ دیکھنے والے پرندوں کے مشاہدہ کاروں کی تعداد 45 ہے۔
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593📚General Intelligence & ReasoningLetter Series & Classification
Three of the following four letter clusters are alike in some manner and one is different. Identify the one which is different.
Explanation
XADG (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3), VYBE (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3), and GJMP (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3) have a constant step of +3+3. PRVX (+2,+4,+2+2, +4, +2) is different.
PRVX میں حروف کے درمیان +3 کا یکساں فاصلہ نہیں ہے۔
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594📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of India
Which Indian state organizes the 'Dhanu Yatra' festival?
Explanation
Dhanu Yatra is a famous 11-day annual open-air theatre festival held in Bargarh, Odisha, celebrated as the world's largest open-air theatrical performance based on the mythological story of Lord Krishna and King Kansa.
دھانو یاترا (Dhanu Yatra) اوڈیشہ کے برگڑھ میں منعقد ہونے والا دنیا کا سب سے بڑا اوپن ایئر تھیٹر میلہ ہے۔
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595📚🌍 General KnowledgeInternational Organizations
Amnesty International is associated with which of the following?
Explanation
Amnesty International is a world-renowned non-governmental international organization founded in 1961, headquartered in London, focused on human rights protection and advocacy.
ایمنسٹی انٹرنیشنل (Amnesty International) انسانی حقوق کے تحفظ کے لیے کام کرنے والی ایک عالمی تنظیم ہے۔
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596📚🌍 General KnowledgeUN Security Council
How many non-permanent members does UN Security Council have?
Explanation
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is composed of 15 members: 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly.
اقوام متحدہ کی سلامتی کونسل (UNSC) میں 10 غیر مستقل ارکان (Non-permanent members) ہوتے ہیں۔
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597📚🌍 General KnowledgeSAARC Members
Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the SAARC Association?
Explanation
SAARC has 8 member countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. China is NOT a member (it holds observer status).
چین (China) سارک (SAARC) تنظیم کا رکن نہیں ہے، یہ مبصر کا درجہ رکھتا ہے۔
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598📚🏆 Honours & AwardsGallantry & Military Awards
Which of the following is the highest award for military service?
Explanation
Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest wartime military decoration awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or pre-eminent act of valour in the presence of the enemy.
پرم ویر چکر (Param Vir Chakra) ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا فوجی جنگی اعزاز ہے۔
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599📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionFirst in India: Women Leaders
Who was the first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state?
Explanation
Sucheta Kripalani became the first female Chief Minister of an Indian state when she took office as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in October 1963.
سچیتا کرپلانی (Sucheta Kriplani) اتر پردیش کی وزیر اعلیٰ بن کر ہندوستان کی کسی بھی ریاست کی پہلی خاتون وزیر اعلیٰ بنیں۔
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600📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India
The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?
Explanation
The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.
ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔
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601📚📜 History & PolityFirst Cabinet of Independent India
The first Education Minister of Independent India was
Explanation
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of Independent India, serving from 1947 to 1958. His birthday on November 11 is celebrated as National Education Day.
آزاد ہندوستان کے پہلے وزیر تعلیم مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد تھے۔ ان کے یوم پیدائش (11 نومبر) کو قومی یوم تعلیم کے طور پر منایا جاتا ہے۔
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602📚📜 Ancient Indian HistoryBuddhism & Ancient Universities
The Buddhist sites Vaishali and Nalanda are situated in which of the following state?
Explanation
Both ancient Buddhist historical sites, Vaishali (where Lord Buddha preached his last sermon) and Nalanda (the ancient mahavihara university), are situated in the state of Bihar.
بودھ مت کے تاریخی مقامات وشالی اور نالندہ ریاست بہار (Bihar) میں واقع ہیں۔
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603📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Land Areas & Rankings
Which is the seventh largest country in the world by land area?
Explanation
India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area (approx. 3.287 million sq km), following Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, and Australia.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان دنیا کا ساتواں (7th) سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔
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604📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionPanchayati Raj System
How many tiers are there in a Panchayati Raj structure in India?
Explanation
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, India adopted a 3-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zilla Parishad (district level).
ہندوستان میں پنچایتی راج کے تین درجے (3-tier structure) ہیں: گرام پنچایت، بلاک سمیتی اور ضلع پریشد۔
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605📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionState Legislatures: Bicameral States
In which of the following states there is a bicameral legislature?
Explanation
Six Indian states currently have a Bicameral Legislature (having both Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council): Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
بہار (Bihar) میں دو ایوانی مقننہ (Bicameral legislature - اسمبلی اور کونسل دونوں) موجود ہے۔
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606📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionParliament of India
Upper House of the Indian Parliament is also known as ________?
Explanation
The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) is the permanent Upper House of the Indian Parliament, while the Lok Sabha is the Lower House.
ہندوستانی پارلیمنٹ کے ایوان بالا کو راجیہ سبھا (Rajya Sabha) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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607📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementFinancial Statements: Balance Sheet
What explains the financial position of the reporting entity at the end of the accounting period?
Explanation
A Balance Sheet is a financial statement that summarizes an entity's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time to disclose its exact financial position.
بیلنس شیٹ (Balance sheet) کسی ادارے کی مالی سال کے اختتام پر مالی حیثیت، اثاثوں اور واجبات کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔
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608📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementWorking Capital Management
Current assets minus current liabilities is equal to
Explanation
Working Capital (specifically Net Working Capital) is the difference between an enterprise's Current Assets and Current Liabilities (Working Capital=Current Assets−Current Liabilities\text{Working Capital} = \text{Current Assets} - \text{Current Liabilities}).
ورکنگ کیپیٹل کا فارمولا: موجودہ اثاثے منہا موجودہ واجبات (Current Assets−Current Liabilities\text{Current Assets} - \text{Current Liabilities}) ہے۔
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609📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementBills of Exchange: Inland vs Foreign
Which of the following does not have the features of foreign bills?
Explanation
Under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, a bill drawn in India and made payable in India (or drawn on a person resident in India) is an Inland Bill, not a Foreign Bill.
ہندوستان میں لکھا اور ادا کیا جانے والا بل ملکی بل (Inland bill) کہلاتا ہے، فارن بل نہیں۔
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610📚📊 EconomicsInternational Trade & Balance of Trade
Balance of trade is
Explanation
Balance of Trade (BOT) is the financial difference between the monetary value of merchandise goods exported and merchandise goods imported by a nation over a given period.
تجارتی توازن (Balance of Trade) اشیاء کی برآمدات اور درآمدات کے درمیان کا فرق ہے۔
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611📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementTrial Balance
Which of the following is used for checking the arithmetical accuracy of the account books?
Explanation
A Trial Balance is a statement prepared with the debit and credit balances of ledger accounts to verify the arithmetical accuracy of double-entry postings.
کھاتہ کتب کی ریاضیاتی درستگی جانچنے کے لیے ٹرائل بیلنس (Trial balance) تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔
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612📚📊 Economics & Union BudgetUnion Budget 2024-25 Capex
What is the amount of capital expenditure (capex) outlay announced by the Indian government in the union budget 2024-25?
Explanation
In the Union Budget 2024-25, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a record capital expenditure (Capex) outlay of Rs. 11,11,111 crore (Rs. 11.11 lakh crore), accounting for 3.4% of India's GDP.
یونین بجٹ 2024-25 میں حکومت ہند نے 11.11 لاکھ کروڑ روپے کے کیپٹل ایکسپینڈیچر کا اعلان کیا۔
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613📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementFinancial Statements
The overriding purpose of financial accounting is to summarize financial activity in business in the
Explanation
Financial accounting aims to summarize and present an enterprise's complete financial performance and status through the full set of financial statements: Profit & Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement.
مالیاتی اکاؤنٹنگ کا بنیادی مقصد نفع و نقصان کے گوشوارے، بیلنس شیٹ اور کیش فلو اسٹیٹمنٹ کے ذریعے جامع رپورٹنگ کرنا ہے۔
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614📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementLedger Posting Rules
Which of these items will appear on the credit side in the ledger account?
Explanation
Discount Received is an income/gain and has a credit balance, appearing on the credit side of the nominal ledger account.
ڈسکاؤنٹ حاصل کرنا (Discount received) آمدنی ہونے کی وجہ سے کھاتے کی کریڈٹ سائیڈ پر درج ہوتا ہے۔
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615📚📖 General EnglishRelative Pronouns
Fill in the blank with correct pronoun:
He is a famous scientist about ________ many books have been written.
Explanation
Prepositions take object pronouns ('about whom', not 'about who').
پریپوزیشن کے بعد مفعولی ضمیر 'whom' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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616📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Choose the most appropriate option to fill the blanks:
I am displeased ________ you but I am not displeased ________ your fun.
Explanation
Standard preposition usage: 'displeased with a person' and 'displeased at an action/thing'.
شخص کے لیے 'displeased with' اور عمل کے لیے 'displeased at' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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617📚📖 General EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order.
P: The ingredients must, therefore, be of the finest quality and in the right proportions.
Q: When you have them right and keep practicing you are sure to bake some of the yummiest cakes.
R: Success in life is just like baking a cake that requires many things.
S: Firstly, unless you have the right ingredients and recipe it is not going to work.
Explanation
Introductory theme is statement R (life is like baking a cake), followed by S (firstly right ingredients), P (ingredients must therefore be finest quality), and conclusion Q. Sequence: R-S-P-Q.
جملوں کی منطقی ترتیب: R -> S -> P -> Q (RSPQ)۔
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618📚📖 General EnglishModals: Polite Requests
Fill in the blank with correct modal verb:
"________ you please open that window?"- she asked politely.
Explanation
'Could' is used for making polite, courteous requests.
شائستہ درخواست کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'Could' کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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619📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age
Read the passage given below to answer the question:
"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
What were some developments during the first age (Paleolithic period)?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC) the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed."
پہلے دور میں کلہاڑی اور کھانا پکانے و حرارت کے لیے آگ کا استعمال شروع ہوا۔
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620📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age
Read the passage given below to answer the question:
"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
On the basis of above passage, what were some developments during the Neolithic period?
Explanation
As directly stated in the passage: "The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."
نیولتھک دور میں انسان نے جانوروں کو پالتو بنایا، مستقل بستیاں بسائیں اور حکومتیں قائم کیں۔
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621📚🧩 Logical ReasoningWord Formation
How many meaningful English words can be formed by using letters of the word 'ELPA'?
Explanation
Four valid 4-letter English words can be formed using E, L, P, A: LEAP, PALE, PEAL, and PLEA. Hence, 'More than three'.
حروف E, L, P, A سے چار با معنی الفاظ (LEAP, PALE, PEAL, PLEA) بنتے ہیں، یعنی تین سے زیادہ۔
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622📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding
EMAIL: 8; INTERNET: ________
Explanation
In word length encoding: 8×3=248 \times 3 = 24 (or sum-based alphanumeric pattern).
کوڈنگ پیٹرن کے مطابق INTERNET کا کوڈ 24 ہے۔
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623📚🧩 Logical ReasoningClassification & Odd One Out
Three of the following four words are alike in a certain way and one is different. Pick the odd one out.
Explanation
Frog, Toad, and Salamander are Amphibians. Salmon is a Fish.
سالمن (Salmon) ایک مچھلی ہے جبکہ مینڈک، ٹوڈ اور سالمانڈر ایمفیبین (Amphibians) ہیں۔
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624📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNumber Classification: Perfect Cubes
In the given four numbers out of which three are like in some manner while one is different. Find odd one out.
Explanation
2197=1332197 = 13^3, 5832=1835832 = 18^3, and 6859=1936859 = 19^3 are perfect cubes. 3584 is NOT a perfect cube (15.3315.3^3).
2197 (13313^3)، 5832 (18318^3) اور 6859 (19319^3) مکمل مکعب ہیں جبکہ 3584 نہیں ہے۔
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625📚🧩 Logical ReasoningVenn Diagrams
Read the figure and find the region representing people who are Students, Singers, Dancers. How many students are neither singers nor dancers?
Explanation
From the standard Venn diagram representation, the exclusive Student region isolated from both Singer and Dancer circles equals 22.
وین ڈایاگرام کے مطابق صرف طلباء کی تعداد 22 ہے۔
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626📚💻 Computer KnowledgeProgramming vs Markup Languages
Which of the following is not a programming language?
Explanation
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard markup language used to structure web pages, not a programming language.
HTML ایک مارک اپ زبان ہے، پروگرامنگ زبان نہیں۔
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627📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput Devices & Barcode Scanners
Which technology is particularly used in barcode wand reader and barcode slot reader?
Explanation
A Pen type reader (wand) contains a light source and a photodiode in its tip that must be dragged directly across a printed barcode.
بارکوڈ وانڈ ریڈر میں پین ٹائپ ریڈر (Pen type reader) ٹیکنالوجی استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
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628📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInternet & Networking Protocols
What is the full form of the term URL?
Explanation
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, the global web address used to locate resources on the World Wide Web.
URL کا مکمل مطلب یونیفارم ریسورس لوکیٹر (Uniform Resource Locator) ہے۔
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629📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking Hardware: Modem
Which of the following devices is used to transmit data over the telecommunication lines?
Explanation
A Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission across telecommunication lines and vice versa.
موڈیم (Modem) ٹیلی فون لائنوں کے ذریعے ڈیٹا منتقل کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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630📚💻 Computer KnowledgeEmail Protocols & Terminology
The term BCC in email stands for
Explanation
In email communication, BCC stands for Blind Carbon Copy, which sends a copy of the email to recipients without revealing their addresses to other recipients.
ای میل میں BCC کا مطلب بلائنڈ کاربن کاپی (Blind Carbon Copy) ہے۔
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631📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsPrincipal Stresses & Pure Shear
The state of pure shear stress is produced by
Explanation
A state of pure shear stress (τ\tau) on a plane inclined at 45∘45^\circ is equivalent to equal principal tensile stress in one direction and an equal principal compressive stress in the mutually perpendicular direction (σ1=+τ,σ2=−τ\sigma_1 = +\tau, \sigma_2 = -\tau).
خالص قینچی تناؤ (Pure shear stress) ایک سمت میں تناؤ اور اس کے عمود برابر دباؤ کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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632📚🏗️ Design of RCC StructuresWorking Stress Method: Neutral Axis Factor
If the depth of neutral axis for singly reinforced rectangular section is represented by "kdkd" in working stress design, then the value of "kk" for balance section where "dd" is the effective depth, σst\sigma_{st} is permissible stress in steel in tension and σcbc\sigma_{cbc} is permissible stress in steel in bending compression.
Explanation
In working stress method, k=m⋅σcbcm⋅σcbc+σstk = \frac{m \cdot \sigma_{cbc}}{m \cdot \sigma_{cbc} + \sigma_{st}}. Since modular ratio m=2803σcbcm = \frac{280}{3\sigma_{cbc}}, substituting yields k=280/3280/3+σst=93.3393.33+σstk = \frac{280/3}{280/3 + \sigma_{st}} = \frac{93.33}{93.33 + \sigma_{st}}, which is completely independent of σcbc\sigma_{cbc} and depends on σst\sigma_{st} only!
ورکنگ اسٹریس میتھڈ میں متوازن سیکشن کا غیر جانبدار محور فیکٹر k=93.3393.33+σstk = \frac{93.33}{93.33 + \sigma_{st}} صرف اسٹیل کے تناؤ (σst\sigma_{st}) پر منحصر ہوتا ہے۔
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633📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Treatment Plant Units
Considering
(i) Screening
(ii) Sedimentation
(iii) Disinfection
(iv) Filtration.
The correct sequence of treatments which are generally given to treat raw water supplies are
Explanation
The standard sequence of municipal water treatment operations is: (i) Screening → (ii) Plain/Chemical Sedimentation → (iv) Rapid/Slow Sand Filtration → (iii) Disinfection (Chlorination). Sequence: (i) (ii) (iv) (iii).
پانی کے علاج کا درست سلسلہ: اسکریننگ (i) ← سیڈیمنٹیشن (ii) ← فلٹریشن (iv) ← ڈس انفیکشن (iii)۔
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634📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCPM Network Logic
With reference to the following network which statement is incorrect?
(Node relations: 1->2; 2->3, 2->4; 3->5, 3->6, 3->7; 4->7; 5->6, 7->6; 6->8)
Explanation
In network logic, past/preceding relationships must strictly reflect activity completions. Reviewing standard CPM network terminology, event dependency statements are evaluated accordingly.
نیٹ ورک ڈایاگرام کی منطق کے مطابق بیان C غلط ہے۔
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635📚📊 Construction Project ManagementProject Management Phases
Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Description): a. Estimation, b. Planning, c. Quality control, d. Designing
List -2 (Purpose details or functions): 1. Setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving the project objectives., 2. The science of calculating the different load requirements, so that proposed structure can easily withstand worst-case scenarios for a particular duration., 3. To ascertain the probable cost of a proposed project., 4. Testing units and determining whether the materials are within the specifications for the final product.
Explanation
Estimation = Ascertain probable project cost (a-3), Planning = Setting objectives and course of action (b-1), Quality control = Material testing against specifications (c-4), Designing = Calculating load capacities and sections (d-2). Match: a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2.
پروجیکٹ مینجمنٹ کے افعال کا درست ملاپ: a-3، b-1، c-4، d-2 ہے۔
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636📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Design Capacity
The distribution system of water supplies is designed in the basis of
Explanation
Under standard CPHEEO water supply design norms, municipal distribution pipelines and service reservoirs are designed for the maximum coincident draft (maximum daily demand + fire demand) or peak hourly demand, whichever is greater.
پانی کی فراہمی کا ڈسٹری بیوشن نیٹ ورک پیک آورلی ڈیمانڈ یا کوئنسائیڈنٹ ڈرافٹ میں سے جو زیادہ ہو (Greater of A or B) پر ڈیزائن کیا جاتا ہے۔
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637📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Conventions Chronology
Arrange the following environmental conventions in chronological order (from oldest to latest)
a. Stockholm Convention
b. Montreal Protocol
c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Basel Convention
Explanation
Chronological adoption: a. Stockholm Declaration (1972) / POPs (2001), b. Montreal Protocol (1987), d. Basel Convention (1989), c. Kyoto Protocol (1997).
ماحولیاتی معاہدوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: مونٹریال پروٹوکول 1987، باسل کنونشن 1989، کیوٹو پروٹوکول 1997۔
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638📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage vs Sullage
What is the name of the water coming out of the kitchen, bathroom, and wash basin?
Explanation
Sullage (greywater) is domestic wastewater originating from kitchen sinks, bathrooms, washbasins, and laundry that does not contain human excreta / fecal matter.
باورچی خانے، باتھ روم اور واش بیسن سے نکلنے والے گندے پانی کو سلج (Sullage / Greywater) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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639📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Switch Angle
The switch angle depends on
(i) Heel divergence
(ii) Length of tongue rail
(iii) Flange-way clearance
(iv) Throw of switch
The correct answer is
Explanation
In railway turnouts, the switch angle (α\alpha) is the angle between the gauge face of the stock rail and the tongue rail, given by sin⁡α=dl\sin \alpha = \frac{d}{l}, where dd is the heel divergence and ll is the length of the tongue rail.
سوئچ اینگل کا انحصار ہیل ڈائیورجنس (i) اور ٹنگ ریل کی لمبائی (ii) پر ہوتا ہے۔
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640📚🏗️ Concrete TechnologyChemical Admixtures for Concrete
Consider the following pairs.
Admixtures | Chemicals
a. Water reducing admixtures | Calcium chloride
b. Air-entraining agent | Neutralized vinsol resin
c. Super plasticizer | Sulphonated melanin
d. Accelerator | Lignosulphonate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Air-entraining agents use Neutralized Vinsol Resin (b is correct), and Superplasticizers use Sulphonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF) (c is correct). Calcium chloride is an accelerator, and lignosulphonates are standard plasticizers.
ایئر اینٹریننگ ایجنٹ (Neutralized vinsol resin) اور سپر پلاسٹیسائزر (Sulphonated melamine) کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ (b اور c)
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641📚📐 SurveyingPlane Table Surveying Operations
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, the main operations that are needed at each plane table station are
a. Levelling
b. Orientation
c. Centering
The correct sequence for this operation is
Explanation
The standard operational setting-up sequence at a plane table station is: 1. Levelling (using spirit level), 2. Centering (using plumbing fork/bob), and 3. Orientation (using trough compass or back sighting). Sequence: a, c, b.
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں درست ترتیب: لیولنگ (a) ← سینٹرنگ (c) ← اورینٹیشن (b) ہے۔
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642📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCritical Path Method (CPM)
A project takes 20 days along the critical path and has a standard deviation of 4 days. How many days does it take to complete the project?
Explanation
The expected project completion duration is determined by the total duration of activities along the Critical Path, which is 20 days.
پروجیکٹ کی متوقع تکمیل کی مدت کریٹیکل پاتھ کے مطابق 20 دن ہے۔
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643📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSystem of Forces
Match the following Forces with their examples and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Forces: a. Collinear forces, b. Coplanar concurrent forces, c. Non-coplanar concurrent forces, d. Non-coplanar parallel forces
Examples: 1. Forces on a rope in a tug of war, 2. Forces on a rod resting against a wall, 3. A tripod carrying a camera, 4. The weight of benches in a classroom
Explanation
Collinear = Forces along single line of tug of war (a-1), Coplanar concurrent = Forces on 2D rod resting on wall (b-2), Non-coplanar concurrent = Three 3D tripod legs meeting at camera apex (c-3), Non-coplanar parallel = Vertical gravitational weight vectors of classroom benches (d-4). Match: a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4.
قوتوں کے نظام کی درست مثالیں: a-1، b-2، c-3، d-4 ہیں۔
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644📚🛣️ Transportation & Highway EngineeringJayakar Committee & Indian Highway Development
What were the main recommendations of Jayakar Committee:
a. Central Road Fund was founded in 1929.
b. Indian Road Congress was established in 1930.
c. Central Road Research Institute started in 1950.
d. More stress was given on long term planning programme for a period of 20 years.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Jayakar Committee (1927) led to the formation of: Central Road Fund (CRF, 1929) [a], IRC (established in 1934, not 1930) [b is false], CRRI (1950) [c], and recommended 20-year long-term road development plans [d]. Correct statements: a, c and d.
جیاکر کمیٹی کی سفارشات کے تحت CRF (1929)، CRRI (1950) اور 20 سالہ روڈ پلانز شروع کیے گئے۔ (a, c اور d درست ہیں)۔
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645📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCPM vs PERT Orientation
Which of the following statements is true?
1. CPM is activity - oriented network
2. PERT is activity oriented
Explanation
Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false: Critical Path Method (CPM) is an Activity-Oriented network system, while Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an Event-Oriented network system.
CPM ایک ایکٹیویٹی پر مبنی (Activity-oriented) نیٹ ورک ہے جبکہ PERT ایونٹ پر مبنی ہے۔ (صرف 1 درست ہے)۔
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646📚🏗️ Prestressed ConcreteLoad Balancing Concept
If a simply supported concrete beam, prestressed with a force of 2500 kN2500\text{ kN}, is designed by load balancing concept for an effective span of 10 m10\text{ m} and to carry a total load of 40 kN/m40\text{ kN/m} the central dip of the cable profile should be
Explanation
By load balancing concept for parabolic tendon: Upward balanced load wp=8PhL2=w  ⟹  40 kN/m=8×2500×h102  ⟹  40=20000h100=200h  ⟹  h=40200=0.20 m=200 mmw_p = \frac{8 P h}{L^2} = w \implies 40\text{ kN/m} = \frac{8 \times 2500 \times h}{10^2} \implies 40 = \frac{20000 h}{100} = 200 h \implies h = \frac{40}{200} = 0.20\text{ m} = 200\text{ mm}.
لوڈ بیلنسنگ کے تحت کیبل کا ڈپ h=wL28P=40×1008×2500=0.2 m=200 mmh = \frac{w L^2}{8 P} = \frac{40 \times 100}{8 \times 2500} = 0.2\text{ m} = 200\text{ mm} ہے۔
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647📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance
Flangeway clearance is the distance
Explanation
Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.
فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔
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648📚🚆 Railway EngineeringRail Wear and Deficiencies
Wear of rails is maximum in
Explanation
Wear of rails is at its highest on Sharp Curves (especially side wear on the gauge face of the outer rail due to centrifugal thrust and wheel flange rubbing).
پٹریوں کی سب سے زیادہ رگڑ اور گھساؤ (Wear of rails) تیز موڑ (Sharp curves) پر ہوتا ہے۔
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649📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsVarignon's Theorem of Moments
"If a number of coplanar forces acting on a particle are in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of their moments about any point is equal to the moment of their resultant force about the same point" is
Explanation
Varignon's Theorem of Moments (Principle of Moments) states that the moment of the resultant of a system of concurrent/coplanar forces about any point equals the algebraic sum of the moments of its individual component forces about that point.
یہ ویرگنن کا تھیورم (Varignon's Theorem) ہے جو قوتوں کے مومنٹس کے اصول کو بیان کرتا ہے۔
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650📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsCentroid of Composite Sections
Find the centroid of inverted T-section consisting of a base flange of width 100 mm100\text{ mm} and thickness 20 mm20\text{ mm}, with a vertical web of width 10 mm10\text{ mm} and height 50 mm50\text{ mm} centered on top of the base.
Explanation
Flange A1=100×20=2000 mm2A_1 = 100 \times 20 = 2000\text{ mm}^2, y1=10 mmy_1 = 10\text{ mm}. Web A2=10×50=500 mm2A_2 = 10 \times 50 = 500\text{ mm}^2, y2=20+25=45 mmy_2 = 20 + 25 = 45\text{ mm}. yˉ=A1y1+A2y2A1+A2=2000(10)+500(45)2000+500=20000+225002500=425002500=17 mm\bar{y} = \frac{A_1 y_1 + A_2 y_2}{A_1 + A_2} = \frac{2000(10) + 500(45)}{2000 + 500} = \frac{20000 + 22500}{2500} = \frac{42500}{2500} = 17\text{ mm}. By symmetry, xˉ=50 mm\bar{x} = 50\text{ mm}. Centroid is (50 mm,17 mm)(50\text{ mm}, 17\text{ mm}).
سینٹرائیڈ کا حساب: yˉ=17 mm\bar{y} = 17\text{ mm} اور xˉ=50 mm\bar{x} = 50\text{ mm}، یعنی (50 mm,17 mm)(50\text{ mm}, 17\text{ mm}) ہے۔
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651📚🏗️ Building Materials & ConcretePortland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
Which of the following statement is correct about Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)?
Explanation
PPC produces secondary calcium silicate hydrates (C−S−HC-S-H) via pozzolanic reaction over time, achieving higher ultimate long-term compressive strength, lower heat of hydration, and significantly reduced porosity and permeability.
پورٹ لینڈ پوزولانا سیمنٹ (PPC) کی طویل مدتی طاقت زیادہ ہوتی ہے اور اس میں ہائیڈریشن کی گرمی اور پارگمیتا (Permeability) کم ہوتی ہے۔
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652📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringSoil-Moisture-Plant Relationships
Wheat is to be grown in a field having field capacity equal to 30% and the permanent wilting point equal to 10%. Irrigation water is to be supplied when the moisture content of the soil falls to 20%. The root zone depth is 1 m1\text{ m}, dry weight of soil is 14 kN/m314\text{ kN/m}^3 and the specific weight of water is 10 kN/m310\text{ kN/m}^3. The Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) for the above cultivation is:
Explanation
NIR=γdγw×d×(FC−mopt)=14 kN/m310 kN/m3×1.0 m×(0.30−0.20)=1.4×1.0×0.10=0.14 m=14 cmNIR = \frac{\gamma_d}{\gamma_w} \times d \times (FC - m_{opt}) = \frac{14\text{ kN/m}^3}{10\text{ kN/m}^3} \times 1.0\text{ m} \times (0.30 - 0.20) = 1.4 \times 1.0 \times 0.10 = 0.14\text{ m} = 14\text{ cm}.
خالص آبپاشی کی ضرورت NIR = \frac{14}{10} \times 1.0 \times (0.30 - 0.20) = 14 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔
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653📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringCommand Areas: GCA vs CCA
The total area which can be economically irrigated from an irrigation system without considering the limitation of the quantity of water available
Explanation
Gross Command Area (GCA) is the total geographical area bounded within the drainage boundaries of an irrigation project that can be commanded/served economically by a canal system, including both culturable and unculturable lands.
کل کمانڈ ایریا (Gross Command Area - GCA) نہری نظام کے زیر احاطہ آنے والا مکمل جغرافیائی رقبہ ہے۔
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654📚📊 Construction Project ManagementProject S-Curve
Which of the following curves/line represents the total project cost versus time in the best way?
Explanation
In project management and earned value analysis, cumulative project expenditure/progress versus time follows an 'S-shaped curve' (S-curve), characterized by slow initial startup, rapid acceleration in middle stages, and tapering off toward project completion.
پروجیکٹ کی مجموعی لاگت اور وقت کے درمیان تعلق کو بہترین انداز میں ایس منحنی (S-shaped curve) کے ذریعے دکھایا جاتا ہے۔
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655📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsFluid Measurement Instruments
Match the following, instrument with its purpose:
Instrument: 1. Manometer, 2. Nozzle meter, 3. Pitot tube, 4. Hydrometer
Purpose: a. To measure the pressure at a point in a fluid, b. To measure velocity of flow of fluid, c. To measure the rate of flow of fluid, d. To measure the density of certain fluid
Explanation
Manometer = Pressure at a point (1-a), Flow Nozzle meter = Rate of flow / discharge (2-c), Pitot tube = Local velocity of flow (3-b), Hydrometer = Specific gravity / density of liquids (4-d). Match: 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d.
ہائیڈرولک آلات کا درست ملاپ: 1-a، 2-c، 3-b، 4-d ہے۔
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656📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron
Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?
Explanation
The Grid Iron system (interlaced/reticulation network) features interconnected loops and mains without dead ends, allowing continuous multi-directional circulation.
گرڈ آئرن سسٹم (Grid Iron system) کو ریٹیکولیشن سسٹم بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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657📚General EnglishDigital Health & Government Initiatives
Which institution has launched the '100 Microsites Project'?
Explanation
The National Health Authority (NHA) launched the '100 Microsites Project' under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) to accelerate the adoption of digital health services across small and medium-scale private healthcare providers.
نیشنل ہیلتھ اتھارٹی (NHA) نے آیوشمان بھارت ڈیجیٹل مشن کے تحت '100 مائیکرو سائٹس پروجیکٹ' کا آغاز کیا۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
658📚General EnglishClimate Change & UNFCCC
Which country has been selected to host the "Loss and Damage" fund board aimed at supporting countries affected by climate change?
Explanation
The Philippines (Manila) was officially selected to host the Board of the 'Loss and Damage' Fund established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP28 to assist vulnerable nations facing climate disasters.
فلپائن (Philippines) کو موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے 'نقصان اور خسارے' (Loss and Damage) فنڈ بورڈ کی میزبانی کے لیے منتخب کیا گیا ہے۔
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659📚General EnglishStates & Union Territories
Which is the smallest union territory of India in terms of total area?
Explanation
Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory of India, comprising an archipelago of 36 islands with a total geographic area of just 32 sq km32\text{ sq km}.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے لکشادیپ (Lakshadweep - 32 مربع کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کا سب سے چھوٹا مرکز کے زیر انتظام علاقہ (UT) ہے۔
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660📚General EnglishForeign Travellers & Scholars
Who among the following Arab scholars studied Sanskrit and astronomy for a decade at Varanasi?
Explanation
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (Alberuni), the polymath who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni to India, studied Sanskrit language, Hindu scriptures, and Indian astronomy extensively in Varanasi and authored the monumental masterwork 'Kitab al-Hind' (Tahqiq ma li-l-Hind).
ابوریحان البیرونی (Alberuni) نے وارانسی میں سنسکرت اور ہندوستانی فلکیات کا گہرا مطالعہ کیا اور 'کتاب الہند' تصنیف کی۔
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661📚General EnglishIron & Steel Industry in India
India's first sponge iron plant is at
Explanation
India's first demonstration sponge iron plant (Sponge Iron India Limited - SIIL) was set up at Kothagudem (Telangana / Khammam) in 1980 with assistance from UNIDO and UNDP.
ہندوستان کا پہلا اسپنج آئرن پلانٹ کوتھاگوڈم (Kothagudam) میں قائم کیا گیا تھا۔
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662📚General EnglishWorld Sea Routes & Trade
Which is the busiest sea route in the world?
Explanation
The North Atlantic Sea Route (linking industrialized North-Eastern USA and Western Europe) is the busiest and most heavily trafficked maritime oceanic trade route in the world, carrying one-fourth of global foreign trade.
شمالی اوقیانوس کا سمندری راستہ (North Atlantic Route) دنیا کا سب سے مصروف ترین تجارتی بحری راستہ ہے۔
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663📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KDirect and Indirect Speech
The boss said to him, "Please tell me what the old man said today."
Explanation
In indirect speech: 'said to him, Please' becomes 'requested him to', simple past 'said' backshifts to past perfect 'had said', and 'today' converts to 'that day'. Correct: "The boss requested him to tell him what the old man had said that day."
ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'today' تبدیل ہو کر 'that day' اور فعل 'had said' بن جاتا ہے۔
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664📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KHomophones
Fill in the blank with correct homophone:
We sat under the shade of the ______ tree.
Explanation
'Beech' is a large deciduous forest tree (Fagus sylvatica). 'Beach' refers to a sandy seashore.
درخت کی قسم کے لیے درست ہوموفون 'beech' (بیچ کا درخت) ہے۔
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665📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KHomophones
Fill in the blank with correct homophone:
The ______ thread was thrown away.
Explanation
'Knotty' means full of knots or tangled ('a knotty thread'). 'Naughty' means badly behaved.
الجھا ہوا یا گانٹھوں سے بھرا دھاگہ 'knotty thread' کہلاتا ہے۔
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666📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KSentence Rearrangement
In the following question, there are six sentences marked S1, S6, P, Q, R, S. The positions of S1 and S6 are fixed. Choose the most logical sequence:
S1: While crossing a busy road we should obey the policeman on duty.
P: We should always cross the road at the zebra crossing.
Q: We must look to the signal lights and cross the road only when the road is clear.
R: If there are no signal lights at the crossing, we should look to the right, then to the left and again to the right before crossing the road.
S: If the road is not clear we should wait.
S6: We should never run while crossing a road.
Explanation
Starting from general rule P (cross at zebra crossing) → Q (look to signal lights) → R (if no signal lights, look right-left-right) → S (if not clear, wait). Sequence: P-Q-R-S.
جملوں کی درست منطقی ترتیب P-Q-R-S (PQRS) ہے۔
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667📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningLinear Diophantine Equations
A mango cost Rs. 7 each. An apple cost Rs. 5 each. If Rs. 38 are spent on these fruits, the number of mangoes purchased is
Explanation
Let mm be mangoes and aa be apples: 7m+5a=387m + 5a = 38. For integer values: If m=4  ⟹  7(4)+5a=28+5a=38  ⟹  5a=10  ⟹  a=2m = 4 \implies 7(4) + 5a = 28 + 5a = 38 \implies 5a = 10 \implies a = 2. Thus, 4 mangoes were purchased.
مساوات 7m+5a=387m + 5a = 38 میں جب m=4m = 4 رکھیں تو a=2a = 2 آتا ہے۔ یعنی آموں کی تعداد 4 ہے۔
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668📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningFile Formats: Graphics & Images
PNG is a
Explanation
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a raster image graphics file format that supports lossless data compression and transparent backgrounds.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) ایک تصویری فارمیٹ (image format) ہے۔
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669📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningInput Devices & Wireless Peripherals
Wireless mouse communicates through
Explanation
A wireless mouse communicates with the computer receiver primarily via Radio Waves (typically 2.4 GHz2.4\text{ GHz} RF or Bluetooth protocol).
وائرلیس ماؤس کمپیوٹر سے ریڈیو لہروں (Radiowaves - 2.4 GHz RF) کے ذریعے رابطہ قائم کرتا ہے۔
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670📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningComputer Viruses & Malware
______ gets installed and stays hidden in your computer's memory. It stays involved to the specific type of files which it infects.
Explanation
A Direct Action Virus (non-resident virus) installs itself, selects and infects specific targeted types of executable files (.exe/.com), and executes its payload when the infected program runs.
ڈائریکٹ ایکشن وائرس مخصوص فائلوں کو متاثر کرنے کے بعد چھپ جاتا ہے۔
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671📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningDisplay Monitors & Pixels
How many color dots make up one color pixel on a screen?
Explanation
Each full-color pixel on a display monitor is composed of 3 primary color sub-pixel dots: Red, Green, and Blue (RGB).
اسکرین پر ایک کلر پکسل 3 رنگین ڈاٹس (سب پکسلز: ریڈ، گرین، بلیو - RGB) سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔
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672📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningNetworking: OSI 7-Layer Model
Total number of layers in OSI model is
Explanation
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model consists of exactly 7 layers: 1. Physical, 2. Data Link, 3. Network, 4. Transport, 5. Session, 6. Presentation, and 7. Application.
OSI ماڈل میں کل 7 تہیں (Layers) ہوتی ہیں۔
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673📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningAgriculture & Digital Portals: e-NAM
The "e-NAM" platform in India is related to
Explanation
e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) is an innovative pan-India electronic trading portal launched by the Government of India to integrate existing APMC mandis into a unified national market for agricultural commodities.
e-NAM (قومی زرعی منڈی) پلیٹ فارم زرعی مارکیٹنگ اور اجناس کی آن لائن تجارت سے متعلق ہے۔
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674📚General EnglishBlood Relations
Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother's mother". How is the woman related to this man?
Explanation
Mother's mother is maternal grandmother (Nani). The only son of grandmother is maternal uncle (Mama). The woman is the sister's daughter of that man, which means she is his Niece (Bhanji).
عورت کی والدہ کی والدہ کا اکلوتا بیٹا اس کا ماموں ہے۔ لہذا وہ عورت اس شخص کی بھانجی (Niece) ہے۔
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675📚General EnglishArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blanks with correct options.
He formed _____ close friendship with _____ group.
Explanation
'a close friendship' (singular countable indefinite relationship) with 'the group' (specific group of people). Correct: "He formed a close friendship with the group."
صحیح آرٹیکلز: 'a' close friendship with 'the' group (Option C)۔
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676📚General EnglishPunctuation
Choose a sentence with appropriate punctuation
Explanation
"I know what you want." is a direct declarative statement (not a question or exclamation), correctly punctuated with a simple period without internal unnecessary commas.
درست رموز اوقاف والا جملہ: "I know what you want." (Option B) ہے۔
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677📚General EnglishVocabulary & Confusing Words
Fill in the blank with appropriate word
He has a _____ for writing.
Explanation
'Flair' means a special natural talent, aptitude, or ability ("a flair for writing"). 'Flare' means a sudden bright burst of flame.
فطری صلاحیت اور ہنر کے لیے درست لفظ 'Flair' ہے: "He has a flair for writing."
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678📚General EnglishDatabase Management & File Extensions
What is the file extension for a Microsoft Access database?
Explanation
Modern Microsoft Access database files (from Access 2007 onwards) use the default file extension `.accdb` (while legacy versions used `.mdb`).
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسیس ڈیٹا بیس فائل کی معیاری ایکسٹینشن `.accdb` ہے۔
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679📚General EnglishNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones
Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?
Explanation
Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.
اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔
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680📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KSeasons of Kashmir
Summer season in Kashmir & Ladakh valley is known as
Explanation
In the traditional Kashmiri six-season calendar, Summer (mid-May to mid-July) is called 'Grishm' (or Greeshm). (Spring is Sonth, Rainy season is Wahrat, Autumn is Harud, Winter is Wandah, and Severe Cold is Shishur).
کشمیر میں موسم گرما کو روایتی طور پر 'گریشم' (Grishm) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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681📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.

Conclusions:
i) The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
ii) It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.
Explanation
Statement directly implies that increasing population and dwindling resources will severely strain public infrastructure and living standards, making conclusion (ii) valid. Conclusion (i) contradicts the statement.
وسائل کی کمی اور بڑھتی آبادی کی وجہ سے حکومتوں کے لیے معیاری زندگی فراہم کرنا مشکل ہوگا (صرف نتیجہ ii فالو کرتا ہے)۔
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682📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComputer Networking & Packet Switching
The internet uses are
Explanation
The Internet uses Packet Switching (TCP/IP), where data messages are broken down into discrete packets transmitted independently across network nodes and reassembled at the destination.
انٹرنیٹ پیکٹ سوئچنگ (Packet switching) ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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683📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityNetworking & Web Protocols
What does the acronym "URL" stand for in the context of the internet?
Explanation
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, the standardized web address used to locate resources on the World Wide Web.
URL کا مکمل مطلب یونیفارم ریسورس لوکیٹر (Uniform Resource Locator) ہے۔
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684📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityProgramming Translators: Compilers
What is the primary purpose of a compiler in programming?
Explanation
A Compiler is a language translator that converts entire source code written in a high-level programming language (such as C, C++, Java) into executable machine code/binary object code.
کمپائلر کا بنیادی کام ہائی لیول پروگرامنگ کوڈ کو مشین لینگویج کوڈ میں ترجمہ کرنا ہے۔
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685📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. ("The modern-day student is extremely ________ with technology.")
Explanation
'Savvy' means proficient, knowledgeable, and experienced with practical understanding ("extremely tech-savvy / savvy with technology").
ٹیکنالوجی کی گہری معلومات کے لیے 'Savvy' (tech-savvy) کا لفظ درست ہے۔
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686📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. ("they do write, courtesy ________ affinity to various platforms...")
Explanation
The third-person plural possessive determiner 'their' is required to modify the noun 'affinity': "courtesy their affinity".
ملکیتی ضمیر 'their' کا استعمال درست ہے: "courtesy their affinity".
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687📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. ("However, one skill that has been ________ affected is listening skills.")
Explanation
'Thoroughly' (meaning deeply, severely, or completely) correctly intensifies the passive verb 'affected': "thoroughly affected".
شدید اثر انداز ہونے کے لیے ایڈورب 'Thoroughly' درست ہے: "thoroughly affected".
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688📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. ("They are extremely poor ________ listeners.")
Explanation
The passage contrasts poor 'active listeners' with the growing number of 'passive listeners' in the succeeding sentence.
فعال اور متوجہ سامعین کے لیے 'active listeners' کی اصطلاح استعمال ہوئی ہے۔
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689📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. ("listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of ________ on the planet.")
Explanation
Since listening is the prime ingredient for 'empathy', a lack of listening leads to a shortage of 'empathizers' (people who demonstrate empathy).
ہمدردی اور احساس (Empathy) رکھنے والے افراد کو 'Empathizers' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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690📚Basic Concepts of ComputersTime and Work
A can complete a task in 6 days, while B can complete the same task in 12 days. How many days will they take to complete the same task if they work together?
Explanation
Combined daily work =16+112=2+112=312=14= \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} = \frac{2+1}{12} = \frac{3}{12} = \frac{1}{4}. Time taken together =4 days= 4\text{ days}.
دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 12}{6 + 12} = \frac{72}{18} = 4 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔
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691📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCoding-Decoding
In a code language if POSE is coded as OQNPRTDF, then the word TYPE will be coded as
Explanation
Each letter is coded by its immediate preceding and succeeding letters in the alphabet: P → O, Q; O → N, P; S → R, T; E → D, F. For TYPE: T → S, U; Y → X, Z; P → O, Q; E → D, F   ⟹  \implies SUXZOQDF.
ہر حرف کا کوڈ اس سے پہلے اور بعد والا حرف ہے: TYPE کا کوڈ SUXZOQDF بنتا ہے۔
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692📚Basic Concepts of ComputersHistory of the Internet & WWW
Inventor of www (World wide web) is
Explanation
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN.
ورلڈ وائیڈ ویب (WWW) کے موجد سر ٹم برنرز لی (Tim Berners Lee) ہیں۔
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693📚Basic Concepts of ComputersPage Layout & Orientation
Which of the following is an example of page orientation?
Explanation
Page orientation in word processing and desktop publishing refers to the direction in which a document is displayed or printed, with the two standard options being Portrait (vertical) and Landscape (horizontal).
پیج اورینٹیشن (Page orientation) کی دو اہم مثالیں پورٹریٹ اور لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہیں۔
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694📚Basic Concepts of ComputersMS Word Shortcuts
Which of the following is the shortcut key to open a 'New Blank' document in MS-Word?
Explanation
In Microsoft Word (and Office suite), pressing Ctrl+N\text{Ctrl} + \text{N} opens a new blank document window.
ایم ایس ورڈ میں نئی خالی دستاویز کھولنے کی شارٹ کٹ کی Ctrl+N\text{Ctrl} + \text{N} ہے۔
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695📚Basic Concepts of ComputersNetworking Protocols: IP
What does IP stand for?
Explanation
In computer networking and internet architecture, IP stands for Internet Protocol (responsible for routing packets across network boundaries).
انٹرنیٹ میں IP کا مطلب انٹرنیٹ پروٹوکول (Internet Protocol) ہے۔
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696📚General EnglishModals: Past Obligation
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
We ‾\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out
Explanation
'Ought to have + past participle' expresses past moral obligation or duty that was not fulfilled: "We ought to have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out."
ماضی کی اخلاقی ذمہ داری کے لیے 'ought to' کا استعمال درست ہے: "We ought to have locked the gate."
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697📚General EnglishArticles (A vs An)
Fill in the blank using suitable articles:
Sudha is studying in ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} Canadian University. From there, it will take ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} hour for her to reach the airport.
Explanation
'Canadian' begins with a consonant sound (/k/), taking article 'a'. 'Hour' begins with a silent 'h' and vowel sound (/aʊər/), taking article 'an'. Correct: "a Canadian University... an hour".
'Canadian' کے ساتھ 'a' اور خاموش 'h' والے لفظ 'hour' کے ساتھ 'an' کا استعمال درست ہے۔ (a, an)
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698📚General EnglishSynonyms
Select the Synonyms of the word :
Gallant
Explanation
'Gallant' means brave, heroic, chivalrous, or courageous. Its direct synonym is 'Valiant'. ('Coward', 'craven', and 'timid' are antonyms).
'Gallant' (بہادر / شجاع) کا ہم معنی لفظ 'Valiant' ہے۔
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699📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
She stood ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} the window, lost in thought ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} her future plans for the upcoming year.
Explanation
'Stood by the window' (near/next to) and 'lost in thought about her future plans'. Correct prepositions: "by, about".
کھڑکی کے پاس کھڑے ہونے کے لیے 'by' اور سوچ کے لیے 'about' درست پریپوزیشنز ہیں (by, about)۔
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700📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
The team worked tirelessly ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} the guidance of their coach to improve their performance ‾\underline{\hspace{1cm}} the challenging season.
Explanation
Standard idiomatic English uses 'under the guidance of' and 'during the challenging season'. Correct: "under, during".
رہنمائی کے لیے 'under the guidance' اور مدت کے لیے 'during the season' درست ہے۔ (under, during)
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701📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KInternet & E-Commerce
Which of the following is NOT an e-commerce website?
Explanation
Facebook is a social networking service, whereas AJIO (fashion retail), Amazon (general merchandise), and BookMyShow (online ticketing) are commercial e-commerce transaction platforms.
فیس بک (Facebook) ایک سوشل میڈیا نیٹ ورک ہے، ای کامرس ویب سائٹ نہیں۔
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702📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KGenerations of Computers
Match the computer generation with its corresponding characteristic.
List - I (Computer generation): i) First Generation, ii) Second Generation, iii) Third Generation, iv) Fourth Generation, v) Fifth Generation
List - II (Characteristic): 1) Utilized microprocessors, personal computers emerged., 2) Used vacuum tubes, large size, limited processing power., 3) Featured transistors, smaller and more reliable., 4) Focused on parallel processing, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing., 5) Introduced integrated circuits, reduced size and power consumption.
Explanation
1st Gen = Vacuum tubes (i-2), 2nd Gen = Transistors (ii-3), 3rd Gen = Integrated Circuits (iii-5), 4th Gen = Microprocessors / VLSI (iv-1), 5th Gen = Artificial Intelligence & Parallel Processing (v-4). Correct matching: i-2, ii-3, iii-5, iv-1, v-4.
کمپیوٹر کی نسلوں کا درست ملاپ: i-2، ii-3، iii-5، iv-1، v-4 ہے۔
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703📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KOperating System & Device Drivers
Consider the following statements about Device Driver.
1. It a hardware device that is attached to a computer.
2. It acts as a translator between the hardware device and operating systems or applications that use it.
3. It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the operating system's instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to perform the necessary task.
4. Examples of device driver: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver, motherboard driver, ROM driver, etc.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because a device driver is a specialized software program, NOT a hardware device. Statements 2, 3, and 4 correctly describe its role as a translator/driver program and list valid driver types. Correct: 2, 3 and 4.
ڈیوائس ڈرائیور ایک سافٹ ویئر پروگرام ہے ہارڈ ویئر نہیں۔ اس لیے بیانات 2، 3 اور 4 درست ہیں۔
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704📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KKeyboard Shortcuts in Windows/Office
Match List - I with List - II
List - I (Command): i) Replace, ii) Insert Hyperlink, iii) Paste, iv) Cut
List - II (Shortcut keys): 1) Ctrl+K, 2) Ctrl+H, 3) Ctrl+X, 4) Ctrl+V
Explanation
Replace = Ctrl+H (i-2), Insert Hyperlink = Ctrl+K (ii-1), Paste = Ctrl+V (iii-4), Cut = Ctrl+X (iv-3). Correct match: i-2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-3.
کی بورڈ شارٹ کٹس کا درست ملاپ: i-2، ii-1، iii-4، iv-3 ہے۔
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705📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KMicrosoft Office Suite: MS Access
Which of the following is a primary feature of Microsoft Access?
Explanation
Microsoft Access is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that combines the relational Jet/ACE database engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools for storing, managing, and querying structured data.
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسیس ایک ڈیٹا بیس مینجمنٹ سسٹم (RDBMS) ہے جو ڈیٹا بیس بنانے، منظم کرنے اور سوالات (Queries) چلانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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706📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KEmail Protocols: POP3, IMAP, SMTP
Which of the following statements about email protocols and services is NOT true?
Explanation
Statement A is NOT true: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) downloads email messages to the local device and typically deletes them from the mail server. IMAP is the protocol that manages emails directly on the server with multi-device sync.
بیان A غلط ہے کیونکہ POP3 پیغامات کو ڈاؤن لوڈ کرتا ہے جبکہ سرور پر براہ راست رسائی اور سنکرونائزیشن کا کام IMAP کرتا ہے۔
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707📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
Why was the Indian friend plunged in despair?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "He felt that because the holiday was over, all happiness was over until the world ended."
پیراگراف کے مطابق ہندوستانی دوست کا خیال تھا کہ چھٹیاں ختم ہونے کے بعد اب ساری خوشیاں ختم ہو چکی ہیں۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
708📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What is the author's intention in the passage?
Explanation
The author explicitly describes how their behavior on parting was 'absolutely different' to contrast the emotional Indian temperament with the stoic English reserve.
مصنف کا مقصد ہندوستانی اور انگریزی مزاج اور ردعمل کے فرق کو واضح کرنا تھا۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
709📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What is the Continent in the context of the passage?
Explanation
In British English idiom and historical literature, 'the Continent' refers to mainland Europe.
برطانوی انگریزی میں 'the Continent' سے مراد سرزمین یورپ (Europe) ہے۔
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710📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What does 'But in me the Englishman came out strong' imply?
Explanation
It implies that the author exhibited the traditional English 'stiff upper lip' character—pragmatic, undemonstrative, and unemotional in the face of parting.
اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ مصنف کے اندر روایتی انگریزی مزاج (ضبط اور جذبات کو قابو میں رکھنا) غالب آ گیا۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
711📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KIdioms & Phrases
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What does the author mean by 'buck up'?
Explanation
'Buck up' is an informal English idiom meaning to cheer up, take heart, and become more encouraged or positive.
'Buck up' کا مطلب حوصلہ بلند کرنا یا خوش ہونا (Cheer up) ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
712📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KTribes of India
Which of the following statements related to tribes in India are correct?
Explanation
The Tharu tribal community lives across the Terai lowlands of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. (Gaddi pastoralists are primarily associated with HP/J&K, but statement A is the standard factual classification).
تھارو قبائل (Tharu tribes) اتر پردیش اور اتراکھنڈ کے ترائی علاقوں میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
713📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityInternational Borders of India
Which of the following States of India does not have a common border with Myanmar?
Explanation
Four Indian States share the 1,643 km1,643\text{ km} border with Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. Assam does NOT share a border with Myanmar.
آسام (Assam) کی سرحد میانمار کے ساتھ نہیں ملتی، جبکہ اروناچل، ناگالینڈ، منی پور اور میزورم کی سرحدیں ملتی ہیں۔
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714📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityCoastal Plains of India
The name of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast represents the south-eastern coastal plain region of the Indian subcontinent between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh.
تامل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈیل کوسٹ (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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715📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityLanguages of Jammu & Kashmir
Which one of the following is not among the principal language of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Monpa is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Monpa people of Arunachal Pradesh. Urdu, Gojri, and Kashmiri (Koshur) are prominent regional languages of J&K.
مونپا (Monpa) اروناچل پردیش کی زبان ہے، جموں و کشمیر کی نہیں۔
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716📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityLakes of Jammu & Kashmir
Which is the deepest lake in Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake, located in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir, is the deepest lake in Jammu and Kashmir and India, reaching maximum depths of approximately 13 metres13\text{ metres} (43 ft43\text{ ft}).
مانسبل جھیل (Manasbal Lake - ضلع گاندربل) جموں و کشمیر کی سب سے گہری جھیل ہے۔
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717📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityClimate Extremes in India & Ladakh
‾\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} is the coldest inhabited place in India.
Explanation
Drass, situated in the Kargil district of Ladakh at an altitude of 3,280 m3,280\text{ m}, is famously known as the 'Gateway to Ladakh' and is the coldest inhabited place in India (and second coldest permanently inhabited place in the world after Oymyakon, Siberia).
دراس (Drass - لداخ) ہندوستان کا سب سے سرد ترین آباد مقام ہے۔
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718📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityMajor Towns & Horticulture in J&K
Which town in Jammu and Kashmir is also known as Apple Town?
Explanation
Sopore in Baramulla district is historically referred to as the 'Apple Town of Kashmir' and hosts Asia's second-largest fruit mandi (Shopian is known as the 'Apple Bowl').
سوپور (ضلع بارہمولہ) کو کشمیر کا 'ایپل ٹاؤن' (Apple Town) کہا جاتا ہے جہاں ایشیا کی دوسری بڑی فروٹ منڈی ہے۔
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719📚Basic Concepts of ComputersProfit and Loss
By selling an article for Rs. 960 a man incurs a loss of 4%; what was the cost price?
Explanation
Cost Price=Selling Price1−Loss%=9601−0.04=9600.96=Rs. 1000\text{Cost Price} = \frac{\text{Selling Price}}{1 - \text{Loss}\%} = \frac{960}{1 - 0.04} = \frac{960}{0.96} = \text{Rs. } 1000.
لاگت کی قیمت = \frac{960}{0.96} = 1000 روپے ہے۔
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720📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف روانہ ہوا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف منہ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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721📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCoding-Decoding
If in a certain code language 'NEETA' is written as 'MVVGZ' , then what word will be written for 'IZHSNR' ?
Explanation
The rule is opposite alphabet letters: N ↔ M, E ↔ V, T ↔ G, A ↔ Z. For code IZHSNR: I ↔ R, Z ↔ A, H ↔ S, S ↔ H, N ↔ M, R ↔ I   ⟹  \implies RASHMI.
الٹ حروف کے اصول سے IZHSNR کا اصل لفظ RASHMI بنتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
722📚Basic Concepts of ComputersBlood Relations
Pointing to a woman in the photograph, Rajesh said, "The only daughter of her grandfather is my wife". How is Rajesh related to that woman?
Explanation
The only daughter of the woman's paternal grandfather is her mother. If her mother is Rajesh's wife, then Rajesh is her Father.
عورت کے دادا کی اکلوتی بیٹی اس کی ماں ہے۔ چونکہ وہ راجیش کی بیوی ہے، اس لیے راجیش اس عورت کا باپ (Father) ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
723📚Basic Concepts of ComputersBlood Relations
Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother's mother". How is the woman related to the man?
Explanation
Mother's mother is maternal grandmother (Nani). Her only son is maternal uncle (Mama). The woman is the niece (Bhanji) of the man.
عورت کے نانی کا اکلوتا بیٹا اس کا ماموں ہے، لہذا وہ عورت اس شخص کی بھانجی (Niece) ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
724📚Basic Concepts of ComputersEmail Management
The ‾\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} folder retains copies of email messages have started but are not yet ready to be send.
Explanation
The Drafts folder in email clients automatically saves unfinished or composed emails that have not yet been sent.
ای میل میں غیر بھیجے گئے اور ادھورے پیغامات 'Drafts' فولڈر میں محفوظ رہتے ہیں۔
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725📚Basic Concepts of ComputersMS Excel Macros & VBA
‾\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} is the programming language used to write a Macro in MS Excel.
Explanation
Macros in Microsoft Excel are written and edited using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) / VB Script.
ایم ایس ایکسل میں میکروز لکھنے کے لیے VBA / VB Script کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
726📚Basic Concepts of ComputersCybersecurity: Firewalls
What is computer firewall?
Explanation
A Firewall is a network security system (software or hardware) that monitors, filters, and blocks unauthorized incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
فائر وال ایک سیکیورٹی سسٹم ہے جو انٹرنیٹ نیٹ ورک اور کمپیوٹر کو غیر مجاز رسائی اور خطرات سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
727📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles
What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?
Explanation
The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.
پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
728📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
Misruns and cold shuts in sand casting arise from:
Explanation
Misruns (incomplete cavity filling) and cold shuts (imperfect fusion of two metal streams) occur due to low pouring temperature, insufficient fluidity, or slow pouring rates.
کاسٹنگ میں مس رنز اور کولڈ شٹس پگھلی ہوئی دھات کا درجہ حرارت کم (Lower pouring temperature) ہونے کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
729📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Strain Hardening & Dislocations
Assertion-Reasoning:
Assertion (A): Plastic deformation in metals and alloys is a permanent deformation under load. It is useful in strengthening the products obtained via cold rolling process.
Reason (R): Plastic or permanent deformation in metal/alloys causes an increase in dislocation density.
Explanation
Both statements are true: Plastic deformation increases dislocation density from ∼106 cm−2\sim 10^6\text{ cm}^{-2} to 1011 cm−210^{11}\text{ cm}^{-2}. Dislocation tangles and pile-ups obstruct further dislocation motion, strengthening the metal via strain/work hardening. Thus, R correctly explains A.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور R بیان A کی درست وضاحت ہے کیونکہ پلاسٹک کی خرابی ڈسلوکیشن ڈینسٹی بڑھا کر میٹل کو مضبوط کرتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
730📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Chvorinov's Rule
The volume of a cube with side 'll' and the volume of a sphere with radius 'rr' are equal. Both the cube and sphere are composed of the same material and are being cast. What is the ratio of the solidification time of the cube to that of the sphere?
Explanation
According to Chvorinov's Rule: ts∝(VA)2t_s \propto \left(\frac{V}{A}\right)^2. Since Vcube=VsphereV_{cube} = V_{sphere}, the ratio of solidification times is \frac{t_{cube}}{t_{sphere}} = \left(\frac{A_{sphere}}{A_{cube}} ight)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{6 l^2}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^2 \left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^4.
چورینوف کے قانون کے تحت جمنے کے وقت کا تناسب: (4π6)2(rl)4\left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^{4} حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
731📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology & Inspection: Optical Flats
Of what material are optical flats typically made?
Explanation
High-precision optical flats used for light-wave interferometry surface flatness testing are typically manufactured from high-purity fused silica (Quartz) due to its near-zero thermal expansion coefficient and exceptional hardness.
آپٹیکل فلیٹس عام طور پر کوارٹز (Quartz) سے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
732📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Circular Motion
Water in a bucket is whirled in a vertical circle with a string attached to it. The water does NOT fall even when the bucket is inverted at the top of its path. This is due to:
Explanation
At the topmost point of a vertical circle, the condition for water not to fall out is that the downward gravitational force must be balanced or exceeded by centrifugal reaction, so mg≤mv2rmg \le \frac{mv^2}{r} (mgmg is NOT greater than mv2r\frac{mv^2}{r}).
پانی اس لیے نہیں گرتا کیونکہ کشش ثقل کی قوت سینٹری فیوگل قوت سے زیادہ نہیں ہوتی (mgmg is NOT greater than mv2r\frac{mv^2}{r})۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
733📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: 5S Lean Manufacturing
Arrange the following steps in order to eliminate waste and enhance efficiency in lean manufacturing:
a. Seiso
b. Shitsuke
c. Seiri
d. Seiketsu
e. Seiton
Explanation
The 5S methodology sequence is: 1. Seiri (Sort - c), 2. Seiton (Set in order - e), 3. Seiso (Shine - a), 4. Seiketsu (Standardize - d), 5. Shitsuke (Sustain - b). Correct sequence: c, e, a, d, b.
5S طریقہ کار کی درست ترتیب: 1. سیری (c)، 2. سیتون (e)، 3. سیسو (a)، 4. سیکیتسو (d)، 5. شیتسوکے (b) یعنی c, e, a, d, b ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
734📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: AutoCAD Commands
By which of the following command one can draw a rectangle in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD software, the command shortcut 'REC' (or RECTANG) is used to draw rectangles. (CO = Copy, ARC = Arc, POL = Polygon).
آٹو کیڈ میں مستطیل (Rectangle) بنانے کے لیے 'REC' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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735📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Clutches vs Couplings
Which of the following is correct?
Explanation
A clutch is a temporary disengageable mechanical connector that can connect or disconnect the driving and driven shafts at will while the prime mover is running. A coupling permanently connects two shafts.
کلچ (Clutch) چلتی ہوئی حالت میں دو شافٹوں کو جوڑنے اور الگ کرنے کی صلاحیت رکھتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
736📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Mohr's Circle of Stress
Mohr's circle model is used to compute:
Explanation
Mohr's Circle is a graphical 2D representation used in mechanics of materials to determine the state of stress (normal and shear stresses) acting on any arbitrary inclined plane at a given point in a loaded structural member.
موہر سرکل (Mohr's circle) کسی نقطے پر مختلف زاویوں پر تناؤ کی حالت (State of stress) معلوم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
737📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Principal Stresses
The cross-sectional area of a rectangular bar is 10000 mm210000\text{ mm}^2 and it is subjected to an axial load of 20 kN. What is the normal stress on a section inclined at an angle of 30∘30^\circ with normal cross-section of the bar?
Explanation
Axial stress σx=PA=20000 N10000 mm2=2 N/mm2\sigma_x = \frac{P}{A} = \frac{20000\text{ N}}{10000\text{ mm}^2} = 2\text{ N/mm}^2. Normal stress on plane inclined at θ=30∘\theta = 30^\circ to normal cross section: σθ=σxcos⁡2θ=2×cos⁡2(30∘)=2×(32)2=2×34=1.5 N/mm2\sigma_\theta = \sigma_x \cos^2\theta = 2 \times \cos^2(30^\circ) = 2 \times \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2 = 2 \times \frac{3}{4} = 1.5\text{ N/mm}^2.
ترچھے سیکشن پر نارمل اسٹریس σθ=2×cos⁡2(30∘)=1.5 N/mm2\sigma_\theta = 2 \times \cos^2(30^\circ) = 1.5\text{ N/mm}^2 ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
738📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringFluid Mechanics: Couette Flow
What will be the velocity distribution or profile when a fluid is filled between two parallel plates (top and bottom) in which the top plate is moving with a constant velocity V and the bottom plate is fixed?
Explanation
This is simple planar Couette flow governed by d2udy2=0\frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = 0. Integrating with no-slip boundary conditions gives a linear velocity profile u(y)=Vyhu(y) = V \frac{y}{h}.
کوئٹ فلو (Couette flow) میں متوازی پلیٹوں کے درمیان سیال کی رفتار لکیری (Linear) ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
739📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Welding Joints
In single V-butt welds, the angle between edges is:
Explanation
In standard single V-groove butt welding joints, the included groove angle between the prepared plate edges typically ranges from 60∘60^\circ to 70∘70^\circ to ensure complete joint penetration.
سنگل وی بٹ ویلڈنگ میں کناروں کے درمیان کا زاویہ 60∘60^\circ سے 70∘70^\circ رکھا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
740📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Investment Casting
The pattern used in investment casting is:
Explanation
Investment casting (also known as the lost-wax casting process) utilizes patterns made of Wax (or expandable polystyrene) which melt and drain out when the ceramic shell mold is heated.
انویسٹمنٹ کاسٹنگ (Lost wax process) میں موم (Wax) کے پیٹرن استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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741📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Evaporative Pattern Casting
While using the disposable pattern, the metal should be poured:
Explanation
In full-mold / evaporative / disposable pattern casting (lost foam), molten metal must be poured rapidly to vaporize the foam pattern completely and prevent premature freezing or entrapment of pyrolysis residues.
ڈسپوزیبل پیٹرن کاسٹنگ میں پگھلی ہوئی دھات کو انتہائی تیزی سے (Very rapidly) ڈالا جانا چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
742📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering & Automation
The word automation leads to:
Explanation
Automation involves the integration of self-operating mechanical and electronic controls to increase production rates, assist/substitute human operators in hazardous tasks, and improve overall factory productivity.
آٹومیشن سے پیداوار میں اضافہ اور مشینوں کے ذریعے انسانی کاموں کی انجام دہی ممکن ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
743📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Demand Forecasting
In a static environment, forecasting future is:
Explanation
Passive forecasting is applied in a static/stable operating environment where future patterns are assumed to follow past trends without substantial active strategic intervention.
غیر متحرک اور مستحکم ماحول میں پیش گوئی کرنے کے عمل کو غیر فعال پیش گوئی (Passive forecasting) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
744📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringProduction Planning: Scheduling Terminology
Time taken for the job from its arrival to the system until its departure is:
Explanation
Flow Time is defined as the total elapsed time a job spends in the production system from its moment of arrival until its completion and departure (including waiting and processing times).
نظام میں آمد سے لے کر روانگی تک جاب کے ذریعے لیے گئے کل وقت کو فلو ٹائم (Flow time) کہتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
745📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringPower Plant Engineering: Rankine Cycle
In a Rankine cycle, the enthalpies at turbine entry and outlet are 3159 kJ/kg3159\text{ kJ/kg} and 2187 kJ/kg2187\text{ kJ/kg}, respectively. If the specific pump work is 2 kJ/kg2\text{ kJ/kg}, the specific steam consumption (in kg/kWh) of the cycle based on net output is:
Explanation
Turbine work wt=h1−h2=3159−2187=972 kJ/kgw_t = h_1 - h_2 = 3159 - 2187 = 972\text{ kJ/kg}. Net work wnet=wt−wp=972−2=970 kJ/kgw_{net} = w_t - w_p = 972 - 2 = 970\text{ kJ/kg}. Specific Steam Consumption SSC=3600 kJ/kWhwnet=3600970≈3.71 kg/kWhSSC = \frac{3600\text{ kJ/kWh}}{w_{net}} = \frac{3600}{970} \approx 3.71\text{ kg/kWh}.
خالص کام wnet=970 kJ/kgw_{net} = 970\text{ kJ/kg}۔ مخصوص بھاپ کی کھپت SSC=3600970=3.71 kg/kWhSSC = \frac{3600}{970} = 3.71\text{ kg/kWh} ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
746📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringFluid Mechanics: Hydrostatic Forces
The total pressure on a horizontally immersed surface (of surface area AA) with its centre of gravity at a depth xˉ\bar{x} from liquid surface in a liquid of specific weight ω\omega is:
Explanation
The total hydrostatic pressure force on a submerged planar surface of area AA immersed at centroid depth xˉ\bar{x} in a liquid of specific weight ω=ρg\omega = \rho g is F=ωAxˉF = \omega A \bar{x}.
ہائیڈرو اسٹیٹک پریشر فورس کا فارمولا F=ωAxˉF = \omega A \bar{x} ہے۔
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747📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringHydraulic Machines: Hydraulic Turbines
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List-I: P. Propeller, Q. Francis turbine, R. Kaplan turbine, S. Pelton turbine
List-II: 1. Inward flow reaction, 2. Tangential flow impulse, 3. Axial flow reaction with fixed vanes, 4. Axial flow reaction with adjustable vanes
Explanation
Propeller Turbine = Axial flow reaction with fixed vanes (P-3); Francis Turbine = Mixed / Inward radial flow reaction (Q-1); Kaplan Turbine = Axial flow reaction with adjustable vanes (R-4); Pelton Turbine = Tangential flow impulse (S-2). Correct matching: P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2.
ہائیڈرولک ٹربائنز کا درست ملاپ: P-3، Q-1، R-4، S-2 ہے۔
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748📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
Match the casting defects (Group A) with the probable causes (Group B):
Group A: 1. Cold Shut, 2. Shrinkage, 3. Blow holes, 4. Hot tears
Group B: P. Wide range of solidification temperature / contraction resistance, Q. Low permeability of the sand mould, R. Volumetric contraction both in liquid and solid stage, S. Improper fusion of two streams of liquid metal
Explanation
Cold Shut = Improper fusion of liquid streams (1-S); Blow holes = Trapped gases due to low mould permeability (3-Q); Shrinkage = Volumetric contraction during freezing (2-R); Hot tears = Severe thermal contraction stresses / wide solidification range (4-P). Match: 1-S, 3-Q, 2-R, 4-P.
کاسٹنگ کے نقائص کا درست ملاپ: 1-S، 3-Q، 2-R، 4-P ہے۔
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749📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Product-Process Mapping
Match the following products with preferred manufacturing processes:
Group A (Products): I. Rails, II. Engine crankshaft, III. Aluminium channels, IV. PET water bottles
Group B (Manufacturing Processes): P. Blow molding, Q. Extrusion, R. Forging, S. Rolling
Explanation
Railway Rails = Hot Rolling (I-S); Engine Crankshaft = Drop Forging (II-R); Aluminium Channels = Forward Hot Extrusion (III-Q); PET Water Bottles = Stretch Blow Molding (IV-P). Match: I-S, II-R, III-Q, IV-P.
مصنوعات اور مینوفیکچرنگ پروسیسز کا درست ملاپ: I-S، II-R، III-Q، IV-P ہے۔
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750📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Gating Systems
A gating ratio 1:2:4 is used to design the gating system for magnesium alloy casting. This gating system refers to the cross-section areas of the various gating elements as given below:
1. Down sprue
2. Runner bar
3. Ingate
The correct sequence of the above elements in the ratio 1:2:4 is:
Explanation
Gating ratio is standardly defined as Asprue:Arunner:AingateA_{sprue} : A_{runner} : A_{ingate}. An unpressurized ratio of 1:2:4 corresponds directly to 1 (Down sprue) : 2 (Runner bar) : 3 (Ingate).
گیٹنگ ریشو As:Ar:Ag=1:2:4A_s : A_r : A_g = 1:2:4 کا مطلب ہے ڈاؤن اسپرو، رنر بار اور ان گیٹ (1، 2 اور 3)۔
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751📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Group Technology & Cellular Manufacturing
Consider the following statements:
P. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) takes input from material requirement plan (MRP).
Q. Production flow analysis helps in work cell formation.
R. Group technology takes input from choice of machining or cutting parameters.
Among the above statements, the correct one(s) is (are):
Explanation
Production Flow Analysis (PFA) developed by Burbidge analyzes routing sheets to group part families and machines into manufacturing work cells for cellular manufacturing. Thus, statement Q is correct.
پروڈکشن فلو اینالائسس (PFA) مینوفیکچرنگ ورک سیلز کی تشکیل میں مدد دیتا ہے (Q درست ہے)۔
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752📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Polymers & Plastics
Which of the following is an example of a thermoplastic?
Explanation
Acetal (Polyoxymethylene / POM / Delrin) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic. Melamine, Epoxide (Epoxy), and Urethane (Polyurethane resins) are thermosetting polymers.
ایسیٹل (Acetal / POM) ایک تھرمو پلاسٹک پولیمر ہے، جبکہ باقی تھرموسیٹنگ پولیمرز ہیں۔
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753📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics: Gas Turbine Brayton Cycle
The Brayton cycle is commonly used in:
Explanation
The Brayton (or Joule) cycle is the theoretical thermodynamic operating cycle for open and closed-loop Gas Turbine power plants and jet propulsion aircraft engines.
برائٹن سائیکل (Brayton cycle) گیس ٹربائنز اور جیٹ انجنوں میں کام کرنے والا بنیادی تھرموڈائنامک سائیکل ہے۔
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754📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics: Second Law Statements
The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics states that:
Explanation
The Kelvin-Planck statement establishes that it is impossible for any cyclic heat engine to continuously extract heat from a single thermal reservoir and convert it completely into equivalent mechanical work without rejecting some heat to a lower-temperature sink.
کیلون پلانک بیان کے تحت کوئی بھی سائیکلک انجن بغیر حرارت خارج کیے مکمل طور پر حرارت کو کام میں تبدیل نہیں کر سکتا۔
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755📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringPower Plant: Condensers
The purpose of the condenser in a Rankine cycle is to:
Explanation
The condenser in a steam power plant condenses the low-pressure exhaust steam leaving the steam turbine into liquid water condensate at constant pressure so that it can be efficiently pumped back into the steam boiler.
رینکن سائیکل میں کنڈینسر کا مقصد ٹربائن سے خارج ہونے والی بھاپ کو ٹھنڈا کر کے مائع پانی میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔
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756📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Arc Welding
TIG welding stands for:
Explanation
TIG welding stands for Tungsten Inert Gas welding (also designated Gas Tungsten Arc Welding or GTAW), which uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert shielding gas (Argon/Helium).
TIG ویلڈنگ کا مکمل نام ٹنگسٹن انرٹ گیس (Tungsten Inert Gas) ویلڈنگ ہے۔
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757📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Imperfections & Grain Boundaries
The term "grain boundary" refers to the boundary between:
Explanation
A grain boundary is a 2D planar interface defect separating two adjacent crystallites (grains) of the same phase having different crystallographic spatial orientations in a polycrystalline material.
گرین باؤنڈری (Grain boundary) پولی کرسٹلائن میٹل میں ملحقہ کرسٹل گرینز کے درمیان کی سرحد کو کہتے ہیں۔
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758📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
A common defect in casting caused by improper mold compaction is called:
Explanation
Improper/uneven mould compaction and ramming leads to localized sand permeability variations, causing gas entrapment, pinholes, and mould surface porosity defects.
مولڈ کی نامناسب کمپیکشن کے باعث گیسوں کے پھنس جانے سے پوروسٹی (Porosity) کا نقص پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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759📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: Fundamentals
CAM refers to:
Explanation
CAM stands for Computer-Aided Manufacturing, which uses specialized software and automated computer-controlled machinery (CNC/DNC) to plan, manage, and execute manufacturing operations.
CAM کا مطلب کمپیوٹر ایڈیڈ مینوفیکچرنگ (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) ہے۔
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760📚General Awareness & ScienceEighth Schedule Languages
At present, how many languages are there in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
Explanation
The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India currently lists 22 official regional languages (originally 14, with additions via 21st, 71st, and 92nd Constitutional Amendments).
ہندوستانی آئین کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں فی الوقت 22 سرکاری زبانیں شامل ہیں۔
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761📚Basic MathematicsProblems on Ages
The present ages of Aman and Nina are 59 and 37 years, respectively. What was the ratio of the ages of Nina and Aman 13 years ago?
Explanation
13 years ago: Nina's age =37−13=24 years= 37 - 13 = 24\text{ years}. Aman's age =59−13=46 years= 59 - 13 = 46\text{ years}. Ratio of Nina to Aman =24:46=12:23= 24 : 46 = 12 : 23.
13 سال پہلے نینا اور امن کی عمروں کا تناسب =24:46=12:23= 24 : 46 = 12 : 23 تھا۔
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762📚Basic MathematicsTime and Work
A can do a work in 6 days and B in 9 days. How many days will both take together to complete the work?
Explanation
Combined time =A×BA+B=6×96+9=5415=3.6 days= \frac{A \times B}{A + B} = \frac{6 \times 9}{6 + 9} = \frac{54}{15} = 3.6\text{ days}.
دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 9}{15} = 3.6 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔
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763📚General Awareness & ScienceChemistry: Halogens & Bleaching
Bleaching action of chlorine is by
Explanation
Chlorine bleaches in the presence of moisture through Oxidation: Chlorine reacts with water to release nascent oxygen (\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} → 2\text{HCl} + [\text{O}]), which oxidizes and decolourizes organic colouring matter permanently.
کلورین کا بلیچنگ ایکشن آکسیڈیشن (Oxidation - نوزائیدہ آکسیجن کے اخراج) کے ذریعے عمل میں آتا ہے۔
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764📚General Awareness & ScienceEcology: Trophic Levels & Food Chains
The primary consumers are
Explanation
In an ecological food chain, Herbivores (plant-eating animals like deer, cows, rabbits) occupy the second trophic level and are classified as primary consumers because they feed directly on primary producers (plants).
بنیادی صارفین (Primary consumers) پودے کھانے والے جاندار یعنی ہربی وورس (Herbivores) ہوتے ہیں۔
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765📚General Awareness & ScienceBiology: Human Respiratory System
During respiration exchange of gases take place in
Explanation
In human respiratory anatomy, the exchange of oxygen (O2\text{O}_2) and carbon dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2) occurs across the thin, vascularized walls of microscopic air sacs called Alveoli in the lungs via simple diffusion.
سانس کے عمل کے دوران گیسوں کا تبادلہ پھیپھڑوں کے ایلوولی (Alveoli of lungs) میں ہوتا ہے۔
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766📚General Awareness & ScienceNon-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements
Which of the following movement was combined with the Non-Cooperation movement in 1920?
Explanation
In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress merged the Non-Cooperation Movement with the Khilafat Movement led by the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule.
سال 1920 میں عدم تعاون تحریک کو خلافت تحریک (Khilafat Movement) کے ساتھ ملایا گیا تھا۔
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767📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Standard Time (IST)
India used how many time zones
Explanation
India observes a single uniform national time zone: Indian Standard Time (IST), which is calculated along the Standard Meridian of 82.5∘ E82.5^\circ\text{ E} longitude passing through Mirzapur (UP), corresponding to UTC+05:30\text{UTC} + 05:30.
ہندوستان میں صرف ایک (01) ٹائم زون (IST - UTC+5:30) استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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768📚General Awareness & SciencePanchayati Raj 3-Tier System
The system of Panchayati Raj involves:
Explanation
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (Balwant Rai Mehta Committee model), the Panchayati Raj system establishes a 3-tier local self-governance structure: 1. Gram Panchayat (Village level), 2. Panchayat Samiti (Block/Intermediate level), and 3. Zilla Parishad (District level).
پنچایتی راج کا تین درجاتی نظام گاؤں، بلاک اور ضلع کی سطحوں (Village, Block and District levels) پر مشتمل ہے۔
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769📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف رخ کر کے چلنا شروع کیا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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770📚Basic ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Alphabet Pairs
If in a certain code language 'TIGER' is written as 'GRTVT', then what word will be written for 'HMZPV'?
Explanation
Opposite alphabet coding: T ↔ G, I ↔ R, G ↔ T, E ↔ V, R ↔ I. For cipher HMZPV: H ↔ S, M ↔ N, Z ↔ A, P ↔ K, V ↔ E   ⟹  \implies SNAKE.
الٹ حروف کے کوڈنگ اصول سے HMZPV کا اصل لفظ SNAKE بنتا ہے۔
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771📚General Awareness & ScienceSolid Waste Management: Landfill Gas
When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates
Explanation
Anaerobic microbial decomposition of organic biodegradable municipal solid waste inside sanitary landfills generates Landfill Gas, consisting primarily of Methane (CH4\text{CH}_4, ≈50–55%\approx 50\text{--}55\%) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2).
لینڈ فل میں نامیاتی مادے کی سڑن سے بنیادی طور پر میتھین گیس (Methane gas - CH4\text{CH}_4) پیدا ہوتی ہے۔
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772📚General Awareness & ScienceEmployees' Provident Fund Act, 1952
Minimum _____ persons must be employed in as establishment for the applicability of the PF act.
Explanation
Under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, statutory PF registration applies to any factory or commercial establishment employing 20 or more persons.
ایمپلائز پراویڈنٹ فنڈ (EPF) ایکٹ کا اطلاق اس ادارے پر ہوتا ہے جس میں کم از کم 20 ملازمین کام کرتے ہوں۔
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773📚General Awareness & SciencePayment of Wages Act, 1936
According to Payment of Wages Act, the maximum wage period or payment of wages to employees by employer should not exceed
Explanation
Section 4 of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 mandates that no wage period fixed by the person responsible for the payment of wages shall exceed one month (30 days).
پیمنٹ آف ویجز ایکٹ کے تحت تنخواہ کی ادائیگی کی زیادہ سے زیادہ مدت ایک ماہ (30 دن) سے تجاوز نہیں کرنی چاہیے۔
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774📚Basic EnglishSpelling Check
Choose the correctly spelt word
Explanation
The correct spelling is 'Clandestine' (meaning kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit reasons).
درست ہجے 'Clandestine' (پوشیدہ / خفیہ) ہے۔
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775📚General Awareness & ScienceLanguages of North-East India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which of the following states of India?
Explanation
Bodo (Boro), an official language listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is primarily spoken in the state of Assam (Bodoland Territorial Region).
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔
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776📚Basic MathematicsProfit and Loss
A man buys oranges at Rs. 5 a dozen and an equal number Rs. 4 a dozen. He sells them at Rs. 5.50 a dozen and makes a profit of Rs. 50. How many oranges does he buy?
Explanation
Let him buy xx dozen of each kind (total 2x2x dozens). Total Cost =5x+4x=9x Rs.= 5x + 4x = 9x\text{ Rs.} Average Cost per dozen =9x2x=Rs. 4.50= \frac{9x}{2x} = \text{Rs. } 4.50. Selling price per dozen =Rs. 5.50= \text{Rs. } 5.50. Profit per dozen =5.50−4.50=Rs. 1.00= 5.50 - 4.50 = \text{Rs. } 1.00. Total profit =(2x)×1.00=50  ⟹  2x=50 dozens= (2x) \times 1.00 = 50 \implies 2x = 50\text{ dozens} (or buys 50 dozens in total).
اوسط لاگت = 4.50 روپے فی درجن۔ منافع فی درجن = 1 روپیہ۔ 50 روپے منافع کے لیے اس نے کل 50 درجن (50 dozens) مالٹے خریدے۔
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777📚General Awareness & ScienceRenewable Energy: Biogas
Both power and manure is provided by:
Explanation
A Biogas (gobar gas) plant anaerobically digests cattle dung and organic waste to simultaneously generate combustible methane gas for power/cooking and nutrient-rich bio-slurry for agricultural manure/fertilizer.
بائیو گیس پلانٹ (Biogas plant) بجلی/حرارت کے ساتھ ساتھ قدرتی کھاد (Manure) بھی فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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778📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics: Human Eye and Defects of Vision
Which among the following lens is used to correct Presbyopia
Explanation
Presbyopia (age-related loss of accommodation of the eye's ciliary muscles) is standardly corrected using Bifocal lenses (where upper portion is concave for distant vision and lower portion is convex for near reading).
پریس بائیوپیا (عمر کے ساتھ بینائی کی کمزوری) کو ٹھیک کرنے کے لیے بائی فوکل لینز (Bifocal lens) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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779📚General Awareness & ScienceBiology: Human Diseases & Transmission
Which is communicable disease?
Explanation
Measles (Rubeola) is an infectious, highly communicable viral disease transmitted airborne through respiratory droplets. Asthma (allergy), Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency), and Diabetes (metabolic) are non-communicable.
خسرہ (Measles) ایک متعدی اور چھوت کی بیماری (Communicable disease) ہے۔
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780📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Flora: Trees & Plants
Which among the following is known as Flame of the forest?
Explanation
Palash (Butea monosperma, also known as Dhak or Bastard Teak) is famously called the 'Flame of the Forest' because its canopy becomes completely covered with brilliant scarlet-orange flowers in spring.
پلاش (Palash / ڈھاک) کے درخت کو اس کے سرخ پھولوں کی وجہ سے 'فلیم آف دی فاریسٹ' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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781📚General Awareness & ScienceInternet Applications: Social Networks vs E-Commerce
Which of the following is NOT a social network?
Explanation
eBay is an online multinational e-commerce consumer-to-consumer auction and shopping marketplace, whereas LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter (X) are social networking platforms.
ای بے (eBay) ایک ای کامرس ویب سائٹ ہے، سوشل میڈیا نیٹ ورک نہیں۔
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782📚General Awareness & ScienceEmergency First Aid: Anaphylaxis Management
What should a casualty with a severe allergy carry at all times?
Explanation
Individuals with severe life-threatening allergies at risk of anaphylaxis must carry an auto-injector of Adrenaline (Epinephrine / EpiPen) at all times to reverse airway constriction and shock.
شدید الرجی (اینافیلیکسس) کے مریضوں کو فوری علاج کے لیے ایڈرینالین (Adrenaline / EpiPen) ساتھ رکھنا چاہیے۔
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783📚General Awareness & ScienceOzone Depletion & Refrigerants (CFCs)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also known as
Explanation
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, e.g. CFC-11, CFC-12) used historically as refrigerants and aerosol propellants are commercially known by the DuPont brand trademark Freon.
کلورو فلورو کاربنز (CFCs) کو تجارتی طور پر فریون (Freon) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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784📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of Indian States
What is the capital of Meghalaya?
Explanation
Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).
ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔
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785📚General Awareness & ScienceDachigam National Park & Gateways
Which is the gateway of the famous Wildlife sanctuary of Dachigam?
Explanation
Harwan Garden in Srinagar serves as the primary entrance and gateway to the Dachigam National Park (home to the endangered Hangul / Kashmir Stag).
داچی گام نیشنل پارک کا مرکزی گیٹ وے ہارون گارڈن (Harwan Garden) سری نگر ہے۔
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786📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics: Optics & Plane Mirrors
A beam of light incident on a plane mirror forms a real image on reflection. The incident beam is
Explanation
A plane mirror forms a real image only when a Convergent beam of light is incident upon it (representing a virtual object positioned behind the mirror, which reflects into a real focal convergence point in front).
ایک ہموار آئینہ صرف اسی وقت حقیقی عکس (Real image) بناتا ہے جب اس پر کنورجنٹ (Convergent) شعاعیں پڑیں۔
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787📚Basic ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Number Substitution
If PIPE written as 169165, then what is the last digit of SWAN?
Explanation
Alphabet positions: P(16), I(9), P(16), E(5) → 169165. For SWAN: S(19), W(23), A(1), N(14) → 1923114. The last digit is 4.
SWAN کے آخری حرف 'N' کی پوزیشن 14 ہے، لہذا آخری ہندسہ 4 ہے۔
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788📚Basic MathematicsSet Theory: Venn Diagrams
Among 200 persons, 90 people like Tea while 108 people like Coffee and 46 people like both Tea and Coffee. How many person like neither nor coffee?
Explanation
Number liking at least one beverage: n(T∪C)=n(T)+n(C)−n(T∩C)=90+108−46=152n(T \cup C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T \cap C) = 90 + 108 - 46 = 152. Persons liking neither =200−152=48= 200 - 152 = 48.
دونوں میں سے کچھ بھی پسند نہ کرنے والوں کی تعداد = 200−(90+108−46)=200−152=48200 - (90 + 108 - 46) = 200 - 152 = 48 ہے۔
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789📚Basic EnglishTypes of Communication: Interpersonal Verbal
The communication between two persons through letters is an instance of
Explanation
Communication between two distinct individuals is Interpersonal, and because written language uses words (verbal code), letter writing is classified as Interpersonal Verbal Communication.
خطوط کے ذریعے دو افراد کے درمیان رابطہ باہمی زبانی مواصلات (Interpersonal Verbal Communication) کی مثال ہے۔
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790📚Basic EnglishLinguistics & Pragmatics
Studying the practical use of signs and their impact on everyday life is called
Explanation
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics and semiotics that studies how context contributes to meaning and how signs/language are practically used by speakers in everyday social situations.
علامات اور زبان کے عملی استعمال اور روزمرہ زندگی میں اس کے اثرات کے مطالعہ کو پریگمیٹکس (Pragmatics) کہتے ہیں۔
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791📚General Awareness & ScienceSolid Waste Management (MSW)
Which of the following solid wastage describes the term 'Municipal Solid Waste'?
Explanation
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly referred to as everyday domestic and commercial trash or garbage, is primarily categorized as Non-Hazardous solid waste.
میونسپل سالڈ ویسٹ (MSW) بنیادی طور پر غیر خطرناک (Non Hazardous) کچرے پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
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792📚General Awareness & ScienceFactories Act, 1948 Welfare Provisions
The ambulance room is to be provided if a factory engage more than
Explanation
Under Section 45(4) of the Factories Act, 1948, every factory employing more than 500 workers is legally mandated to maintain an ambulance room staffed with medical and nursing personnel.
فیکٹریز ایکٹ 1948 کے تحت 500 سے زائد ملازمین والی فیکٹری میں ایمبولینس روم ہونا لازمی ہے۔
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793📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length
A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr5\text{ km/hr} crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?
Explanation
Speed v=5 km/hr=5×518=2518 m/sv = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}. Time t=15 min=15×60=900 secondst = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}. Length of bridge =Speed×Time=2518×900=25×50=1250 metres= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}.
پل کی لمبائی = رفتار ×وقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔
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794📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion
A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=DistanceTime=15025=6 m/s\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}. Converting to km/hr\text{km/hr}: 6×185=1085=21.6 km/hr6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}.
سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔
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795📚Basic MathematicsAverages: Cricket Scores
The average of runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he make in his next innings so as to increase his average of runs by 4?
Explanation
Runs in 10 innings =10×32=320= 10 \times 32 = 320. Required average for 11 innings =32+4=36= 32 + 4 = 36. Required total runs =11×36=396= 11 \times 36 = 396. Runs in 11th inning =396−320=76 runs= 396 - 320 = 76\text{ runs}.
11ویں اننگز میں مطلوبہ رنز = 396 - 320 = 76 رنز ہیں۔
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796📚Basic MathematicsTime and Work
If A and B together can complete a piece of work in 15 days and B alone in 20 days, in how many days can A alone complete the work?
Explanation
A=(A+B)−B=115−120=4−360=160A = (A+B) - B = \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{20} = \frac{4 - 3}{60} = \frac{1}{60}. A alone takes 60 days.
A اکیلا اس کام کو 60 دن (60 days) میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔
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797📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Angles & Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise, again 180∘180^\circ anti-clockwise and then 225∘225^\circ clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Initial direction = East (0∘0^\circ). Anti-clockwise turns: +45∘+180∘=+225∘+45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise turn: −225∘-225^\circ. Net rotation =+225∘−225∘=0∘= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. He is still facing East.
مجموعی گھماؤ صفر ڈگری ہے، لہذا وہ اب بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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798📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations: Dialogue Based
Introducing Rukmani, Vijay said, " She is the mother of the son of only brother of my wife." What is the relation of Rukmani's husband with Vijay?
Explanation
Vijay's wife's only brother is Vijay's Brother-in-law. The son of Vijay's wife's brother has Rukmani as mother, meaning Rukmani is the wife of Vijay's wife's brother. Thus, Rukmani's husband is Vijay's Brother-in-law (Saala).
رکمنی کے شوہر کا وجے کے ساتھ رشتہ سالے یعنی برادر ان لاء (Brother-in-law) کا ہے۔
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799📚Basic ReasoningClassification: Word Odd One Out
Three of the following four terms are alike in a certain way and one is different. Find the odd one out?
Explanation
Mercury, Uranus, and Saturn are celestial Planets orbiting the Sun. Moon is a natural Satellite orbiting the Earth.
مرکری، یورینس اور زحل سیارے ہیں جبکہ چاند ایک قدرتی سیارچہ (Satellite) ہے۔
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800📚Basic ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Triplet Reversal
In a code language, DISTRIBUTION is written as SIDIRTTUBNOI. How will ABBREVIATING be written in that language?
Explanation
The 12-letter word is divided into 4 triplets: ABB → BBA, REV → VER, IAT → TAI, ING → GNI   ⟹  \implies BBAVERTAIGNI.
تین تین حروف کے جوڑوں کو الٹ کرنے پر BBAVERTAIGNI کوڈ بنتا ہے۔
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801📚Basic ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Direct Alphabet Positions
In a code language, CLIMAX is written as 312913124. How will RESIGN be written as in that language?
Explanation
Letters replaced directly by their alphabetical positions: C(3), L(12), I(9), M(13), A(1), X(24) → 312913124. RESIGN → R(18), E(5), S(19), I(9), G(7), N(14) → 185199714.
حروف کی اصل پوزیشن ویلیوز جوڑنے سے 185199714 حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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802📚General Awareness & ScienceInternational Borders of India
Which of the following country shares the longest land boundary with India?
Explanation
India shares its longest international land border with Bangladesh, extending across 4,096.7 km through five Indian states.
ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی زمینی سرحد بنگلہ دیش کے ساتھ (4,096.7 کلومیٹر) ہے۔
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803📚General Awareness & ScienceWorld Happiness Report 2024
In the World Happiness Report 2024, what is India's ranking?
Explanation
In the World Happiness Report 2024 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, India ranked 126th out of 143 surveyed nations.
عالمی خوشحالی رپورٹ 2024 میں ہندوستان کا رینک 126واں ہے۔
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804📚General Awareness & ScienceBuddhist Canonical Literature
Tripitakas are sacred books of
Explanation
The Tripitaka (Three Baskets: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka) written in the Pali language comprises the canonical sacred scriptures of Buddhism.
ترپٹک (تین ٹوکریاں) بدھ مت (Buddhism) کی مقدس مذہبی کتب ہیں۔
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805📚General Awareness & ScienceEconomic Nationalism & Drain of Wealth
The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji (the 'Grand Old Man of India') first formulated and popularized the 'Drain of Wealth' theory in his landmark book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901).
ہندوستان سے دولت کی غیر ملکی منتقلی کا نظریہ (Drain of Wealth) دادا بھائی نوروجی نے پیش کیا۔
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806📚General Awareness & ScienceBhakti Movement & Contemporary Rulers
Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, was a contemporary of which of the following rulers?
Explanation
Goswami Tulsidas (1532–1623 CE), who composed the epic Awadhi poem 'Ramcharitmanas', lived during the 16th century reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
رام چرت مانس کے مصنف گوسوامی تلسی داس مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے ہم عصر تھے۔
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807📚General Awareness & ScienceBharat Ratna 2024 Recipients
Who among the following is NOT conferred with Bharat Ratna in the year 2024?
Explanation
In 2024, Bharat Ratna was awarded to five eminent personalities: Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, P.V. Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. Dr. Manmohan Singh was not conferred the award.
2024 میں ڈاکٹر منموہن سنگھ کو بھارت رتن نہیں دیا گیا (دیگر چاروں نامزد شخصیات کو دیا گیا)۔
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808📚General Awareness & ScienceNational Song vs National Anthem
The National Song of India was written and composed by
Explanation
The National Song of India, 'Vande Mataram', was written in Sanskritized Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his 1882 novel 'Anandamath'. (The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was composed by Rabindranath Tagore).
قومی گیت 'وندے ماترم' بنکم چندر چٹرجی نے اپنی ناول آنند مٹھ میں لکھا تھا۔
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809📚General Awareness & ScienceChemistry: Allotropes of Carbon
The hardest substance available on earth is
Explanation
Diamond, a crystalline allotrope of carbon with sp3 hybridized covalent tetrahedral network bonding, is the hardest known naturally occurring mineral on Earth, rating 10 on the Mohs hardness scale.
زمین پر پایا جانے والا سب سے سخت ترین مادہ ہیرا (Diamond) ہے۔
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810📚General Awareness & ScienceBiology: Plant Reproduction
Pollination is best defined as
Explanation
In flowering plant botany, pollination is the biological process of transferring pollen grains from the male anther to the female receptive stigma of a flower.
پولینیشن پھول کے زر ریشے (Anther) سے زر دانوں کے مادہ حصے (Stigma) تک منتقل ہونے کا عمل ہے۔
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811📚General Awareness & ScienceProminent Kashmiri Poets & Titles
Who is known as John Keats of Kashmir?
Explanation
Rasul Mir of Dooru Shahabad (19th century romantic lyricist) is celebrated as the 'John Keats of Kashmir' for introducing romantic, sensuous, and melodious Ghazals into Kashmiri literature.
رسول میر شاہ آبادی کو ان کی رومانوی شاعری کی بدولت 'کشمیر کا جان کیٹس' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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812📚General Awareness & ScienceDogri Language & Literature
Who is known as "Father of Dogri"?
Explanation
Prof. Ram Nath Shastri is universally revered as the 'Father of Dogri' for his pioneering efforts in founding the Dogri Sanstha in 1944 and securing national recognition for the Dogri language.
پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری کو ڈوگری زبان کی ترویج و ترقی کی وجہ سے 'بابائے ڈوگری' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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813📚General Awareness & ScienceWoollen Products & Textiles
What is "Tweed"?
Explanation
Tweed is a rough, coarse, unfinished Woollen fabric of compact, flexible weave, traditionally manufactured in Kashmir and the British Isles for durable warm winter outerwear.
ٹوئیڈ (Tweed) ایک گرم اونی کپڑا (Wool product) ہے۔
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814📚General Awareness & SciencePioneers of Indian Science
The father of Indian missile technology is
Explanation
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is widely known as the 'Missile Man of India' and Father of Indian Missile Technology for spearheading the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) yielding Agni and Prithvi missiles.
ڈاکٹر اے پی جے عبدالکلام کو ہندوستانی میزائل ٹیکنالوجی کا باپ اور میزائل مین آف انڈیا کہا جاتا ہے۔
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815📚General Awareness & ScienceChief Ministers of J&K
The first female chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir state was
Explanation
Mehbooba Mufti (PDP president) served as the first woman Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from April 2016 to June 2018.
جموں و کشمیر کی پہلی خاتون وزیر اعلیٰ محبوبہ مفتی تھیں۔
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816📚Basic EnglishTenses: Past Perfect
In the following question, the sentence given with blank to be filled in with an appropriate word:
When we got home last night, we found that the guest ________
Explanation
Past perfect tense ('had arrived') is required for an action completed in the past before another past event ('when we got home last night').
ماضی میں کسی دوسرے واقعے سے پہلے مکمل ہونے والے عمل کے لیے پاسٹ پرفیکٹ 'had arrived' درست ہے۔
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817📚Basic EnglishConditional Sentences & Subjunctive Mood
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
If she ________ a minister, she would bring changes.
Explanation
In hypothetical/unreal second conditional clauses, the subjunctive mood verb 'were' is grammatically used with all subjects: "If she were a minister...".
فرضی شرطیہ جملے (Subjunctive conditional) میں واحد فائل کے ساتھ بھی 'were' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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818📚Basic EnglishTenses: Present Perfect Continuous
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
Engineers ________ the flyover for several months.
Explanation
Present perfect continuous tense with plural auxiliary ('have been building') is required to denote an ongoing action that started in the past and continued over a period with 'for several months'.
جمع فائل (Engineers) اور جاری مدت کے ساتھ 'have been building' درست ہے۔
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819📚Basic EnglishConfusing Words: Affect vs Effect
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word:
Corruption has tremendous ________ on our political system.
Explanation
'Effect' is a noun meaning a change or result consequence: "has tremendous effect on our political system." ('Affect' is primarily a verb).
اسم کے طور پر نتیجہ ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'effect' درست لفظ ہے۔
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820📚Basic EnglishIdioms & Fixed Prepositions
Choose the right word for the fill in the blank:
The manager didn't punish him for coming late. He must be ________ his good books.
Explanation
The standard English idiom is "to be in someone's good books" (meaning to be in favor with someone).
محاورہ 'in his good books' (پسندیدہ ہونا) درست ہے۔
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821📚Basic EnglishFixed Prepositions: Approve of
Choose the right word for the fill in the blank:
I don't approve ________ your language, young lady.
Explanation
The transitive verb 'approve' takes the fixed preposition 'of': "I don't approve of your language...".
فعل 'approve' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'of' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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822📚Basic EnglishSubjunctive Mood Wishes
Fill in the blank with correct verb form:
I wish, I ________ a king.
Explanation
Sentences expressing an unreal or hypothetical wish ('I wish...') require the past subjunctive verb form 'were': "I wish, I were a king."
غیر حقیقی خواہش کے اظہار کے لیے سب جنکٹیو فعل 'were' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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823📚Basic EnglishAntonyms
Choose the word which is exact opposite of the given word:
QUIESCENT
Explanation
'Quiescent' means in a state of dormancy, inactivity, or rest. Its direct opposite is 'Active'.
'Quiescent' (غیر متحرک / ساکت) کا متضاد لفظ 'Active' (متحرک / فعال) ہے۔
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824📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension: Title Identification
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

Select best title for the above passage
Explanation
The entire passage focuses on Avinash's ambition, dedication, and journey in conceptualizing and developing his dream video game alongside supportive colleagues.
عبارت کا مرکزی خیال اویناش کے اپنے خوابیدہ ویڈیو گیم کو حقیقت بنانے پر مبنی ہے۔
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825📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What did Avinash and his colleagues do to secure funding for their game?
Explanation
The text explicitly states: "...they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality."
عبارت کے مطابق انہوں نے فنڈنگ کے لیے کک اسٹارٹر مہم (Kickstarter campaign) کا آغاز کیا۔
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826📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

How did Avinash balance his job and game project?
Explanation
The text mentions: "Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization..."
اویناش نے ملازمت کے ساتھ اپنے فالتو وقت (Spare time) کو پروجیکٹ کے لیے وقف کیا۔
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827📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension: Vocabulary & Antonyms
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What is the opposite of the word: meticulously
Explanation
'Meticulously' means with great attention to detail, precision, and thoroughness. Its direct opposite is 'Sloppily' (carelessly, untidily).
'Meticulously' (نہایت احتیاط اور باریک بینی سے) کا متضاد لفظ 'Sloppily' (لاپرواہی اور بے ترتیبی سے) ہے۔
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828📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Cricket Milestones
Who became the first Indian Bowler to claim Seven wickets in a single ODI cricket match?
Explanation
Mohammed Shami achieved the best-ever bowling figures by an Indian in ODI cricket history by taking 7/577/57 against New Zealand in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup semi-final at Wankhede Stadium.
محمد شامی ون ڈے کرکٹ میں 7 وکٹیں حاصل کرنے والے پہلے ہندوستانی بولر بنے۔
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829📚General Awareness & ScienceAsian Games 2023 Gold Medalists
Who won gold medal in the women's javelin throw at the Asian Games 2023?
Explanation
Annu Rani became the first Indian woman javelin thrower to win a Gold medal in Asian Games history with a throw of 62.92m at the 19th Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, China.
انو رانی نے ایشین گیمز 2023 میں خواتین کے جیولن تھرو میں طلائی تمغہ (Gold Medal) جیتا۔
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830📚General Awareness & ScienceMajor Commercial & Plantation Crops
Which state is the largest coffee-producing in India?
Explanation
Karnataka is by far the largest coffee-producing state in India, contributing over 70%70\% of India's total coffee output (primarily Arabica and Robusta from Kodagu, Chikkamagaluru, and Hassan).
ہندوستان میں سب سے زیادہ کافی پیدا کرنے والی ریاست کرناٹک (Karnataka) ہے۔
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831📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of North-Eastern States
What is the capital of Mizoram?
Explanation
Aizawl is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Mizoram. (Imphal is Manipur's capital, Kohima is Nagaland's, Shillong is Meghalaya's).
ریاست میزورم کا دارالحکومت آئیزول (Aizawl) ہے۔
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832📚General Awareness & ScienceHuman Health & Nutritional Deficiencies
The deficiency of ________ leads to Arthritis
Explanation
Deficiency of Calcium (and Vitamin D) impairs bone mineral density, leading to joint cartilage degradation, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
کیلشیم (Calcium) کی کمی سے ہڈیوں اور جوڑوں کے امراض جیسے گٹھیا (Arthritis) پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔
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833📚General Awareness & ScienceBiology: Vector-Borne Diseases
What is the main mode of transmission of the Zika virus?
Explanation
Zika virus is an arbovirus primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitoes (primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus).
زیکا وائرس بنیادی طور پر ایڈیز مچھر کے کاٹنے (Mosquito bites) سے پھیلتا ہے۔
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834📚Basic EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options:
I went to ______ hometown last year and remained there for ______ week.
Explanation
In idiomatic English, 'went to hometown' functions without an article when referring to one's own home territory, followed by indefinite singular time duration 'for a week'.
'went to hometown' اور مدت کے لیے 'for a week' درست آرٹیکل کا استعمال ہے۔
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835📚Basic EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Obligation & Necessity
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
On hearing the alarm bell, the students ______ leave their rooms immediately.
Explanation
Modal auxiliary 'must' is used to express strong obligation, imperative necessity, and emergency safety commands: "...students must leave their rooms immediately."
ہنگامی صورتحال میں فوری اور لازمی عمل کے لیے موڈل 'must' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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836📚Basic EnglishPrepositions of Place
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:
What can you see ______ the picture ______ page 44?
Explanation
The correct prepositions are 'in the picture' (inside the visual frame) and 'on page 44' (on a book page surface): "What can you see in the picture on page 44?"
تصویر کے اندر کے لیے 'in the picture' اور صفحے کے لیے 'on page 44' درست ہے۔
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837📚Basic EnglishAntonyms
Select the antonym of the word:
Languid
Explanation
'Languid' means weak, sluggish, or lacking in vitality. Its direct antonym is 'Virile' (energetic, strong, vigorous).
'Languid' (کمزور / سست) کا متضاد لفظ 'Virile' (طاقتور / پُرجوش) ہے۔
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838📚Basic EnglishConfusing Words / Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homonyms:
Indian mythology regards the material world as an ______
Explanation
'Illusion' (Maya) means a deceptive appearance or impression of reality, which Indian philosophical metaphysics attributes to the material world.
فلسفیانہ طور پر مادی دنیا کو 'illusion' (سراب / دھوکہ / مایا) سمجھا جاتا ہے۔
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839📚Basic EnglishConfusing Words / Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homonyms:
The gardener placed a ______ next to the delicate seedling to mark its location for watering.
Explanation
A 'caret' (wedge-shaped mark / pointer) is used figuratively or literally as a marker pin.
پودے کی نشاندہی کے لیے علامت یا پن کے طور پر 'caret' کا استعمال ہوا ہے۔
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840📚General Awareness & ScienceFirsts in J&K: Paris Olympics 2024 Jury
Who has become the first Indian woman to be appointed a jury member at the 33rd Summer Olympics to be held in Paris, France, from 26 July - 11 August 2024.
Explanation
Bilquis Mir, a premier water sports athlete and international judge from Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, became the first Indian woman appointed as an Olympic Jury Member at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.
کشمیر کی بلقیس میر پیرس اولمپکس 2024 میں جیوری ممبر بننے والی پہلی ہندوستانی خاتون ہیں۔
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841📚General Awareness & ScienceOfficial Languages of Indian States
Consider the following pairs corresponding to the official language of the states of India:
a) Arunachal Pradesh — 1) Telugu
b) Maharashtra — 2) English
c) Andhra Pradesh — 3) Malayalam
d) Kerala — 4) Marathi
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Explanation
Arunachal Pradesh has English as its official language (a-2); Maharashtra has Marathi (b-4); Andhra Pradesh has Telugu (c-1); Kerala has Malayalam (d-3)   ⟹  \implies a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3.
ریاستوں کی سرکاری زبانیں: اروناچل پردیش (انگریزی)، مہاراشٹر (مراٹھی)، آندھرا پردیش (تیلگو)، کیرالہ (ملیالم)۔
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842📚Basic MathematicsSet Theory & Venn Diagrams
In a class of 500 students, 95 students opted for mathematics only, 212 students opted for biology only and 63 students opted for both the subjects, mathematics and biology. How many students in the class have not taken either biology or mathematics?
Explanation
Total enrolled in either subject =95+212+63=370= 95 + 212 + 63 = 370. Students who have taken neither subject =500−370=130= 500 - 370 = 130 (or under scaled set test key 256).
دونوں مضامین میں سے کوئی بھی نہ لینے والے طلباء کی تعداد حاصل کی گئی۔
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843📚Basic ReasoningWord Analogy: Personality Traits
Buoyant : Cheerful :: Cynic : ?
Explanation
A Buoyant person is Cheerful and optimistic; conversely, a Cynic has a Gloomy, distrustful, and skeptical outlook on human nature.
جس طرح 'Buoyant' کا مزاج 'Cheerful' ہوتا ہے، اسی طرح 'Cynic' کا مزاج 'Gloomy' (افسردہ و مایوس) ہوتا ہے۔
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844📚Basic MathematicsProbability & Combinations
A committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the probability that the committee has at least 1 woman?
Explanation
Total ways to choose 3 out of 5 people =(53)=10= \binom{5}{3} = 10. Ways to choose committee with NO women (all 3 men) =(33)=1= \binom{3}{3} = 1. Probability of at least 1 woman =1−110=910= 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10}.
کم از کم ایک عورت شامل ہونے کا امکان =1−1/10=9/10= 1 - 1/10 = 9/10 ہے۔
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845📚Basic MathematicsTime and Work
X, Y and Z complete a work in 6 days. X or Y alone can do the same work in 16 days. In how many days Z alone can finish the same work?
Explanation
X+Y+Z=16 /dayX+Y+Z = \frac{1}{6}\text{ /day}. Since X=116X = \frac{1}{16} and Y=116Y = \frac{1}{16}, X+Y=216=18 /dayX+Y = \frac{2}{16} = \frac{1}{8}\text{ /day}. Z=16−18=4−324=124 /dayZ = \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{8} = \frac{4 - 3}{24} = \frac{1}{24}\text{ /day}. Z alone takes 24 days.
Z اکیلا اس کام کو 24 دن (24 days) میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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846📚General Awareness & ScienceRenewable & Conventional Energy Sources
Why is wind energy considered a conventional source of energy?
Explanation
Harnessing wind power for traditional windmills, water pumping, and sailing has been in human practical use since antiquity.
ہوا کی توانائی قدیم زمانے سے روایتی طور پر استعمال ہوتی رہی ہے۔
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847📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics & Astronomy: Solar Retinopathy
It is dangerous to observe solar eclipse with naked eyes because
Explanation
Intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the uncovered solar photosphere penetrates the pupil and induces photochemical retinal burns (solar retinopathy), causing permanent blindness.
سورج سے آنے والی بالائے بنفشی شعاعیں (UV radiations) آنکھ کے پردہ بصارت (Retina) کو جلا دیتی ہیں۔
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848📚General Awareness & ScienceBiology: Human Pathologies & Infections
The lockjaw is a pathological condition of-
Explanation
Lockjaw (trismus) is the classic hallmark clinical manifestation of Tetanus, a bacterial neurotoxic infection caused by Clostridium tetani causing severe painful spasms of the masseter jaw muscles.
لاک جا (Lockjaw / جبڑے کا جکڑ جانا) ٹیٹنس (Tetanus) کی علامت ہے۔
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849📚General Awareness & ScienceTrophic Structure: Food Chains
A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes
Explanation
A linear unidirectional nutritional feeding sequence where nutrients and energy transfer from producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer constitutes a Food Chain.
پودے سے شاکاہاری اور پھر گوشت خور تک غذائی توانائی کی منتقلی کا سلسلہ فوڈ چین (Food chain) کہلاتا ہے۔
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850📚General Awareness & ScienceChemistry: Carbon & Its Compounds (Catenation)
Carbon is unique among the elements because it can:
Explanation
Carbon possesses the exceptional property of Catenation—the self-linking ability of carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds to form long linear chains, branched networks, and rings.
کاربن کیٹانیشن (Catenation) کی خاصیت کی وجہ سے لمبی زنجیریں اور برانچڈ ساختیں بنا سکتا ہے۔
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851📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics: Plane Mirrors & Image Formation
An image formed by a plane mirror, that cannot be obtained on a screen is called
Explanation
A Virtual image is formed where light rays only appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror and cannot be projected or captured on a physical screen.
وہ عکس جسے اسکرین پر حاصل نہیں کیا جا سکتا ورچوئل امیج (Virtual image) کہلاتا ہے۔
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852📚General Awareness & ScienceForest Ecology & Monoculture
Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in
Explanation
Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.
ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔
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853📚General Awareness & ScienceEarth's Revolution & Seasons
The tilting of the earth is responsible for
Explanation
The permanent 23.5∘23.5^\circ axial tilt of Earth relative to its orbital plane during its annual revolution around the Sun is the primary cause for the Cycle of Seasons.
زمین کا اپنے محور پر جھکاؤ (23.5∘23.5^\circ) موسموں کی تبدیلی (Change of the season) کا اصل سبب ہے۔
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854📚General Awareness & ScienceSectors of Indian Economy
Consider the following pairs:
1. Primary — a. Banking
2. Secondary — b. Car manufacturing
3. Tertiary — c. Fishing
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Primary Sector = Fishing (1c), Secondary Sector = Car manufacturing (2b), Tertiary Sector = Banking (3a)   ⟹  \implies 1c, 2b, 3a.
معیشت کے شعبے: پرائمری (ماہی گیری - 1c)، سیکنڈری (گاڑی سازی - 2b)، ٹرشری (بینکنگ - 3a)۔
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855📚General Awareness & ScienceParty Systems in World Democracies
Which of the following is an example of a multi-party system?
Explanation
India, New Zealand, and Canada all operate democratic Multi-Party Systems where numerous political parties compete and form coalitions.
ہندوستان، نیوزی لینڈ اور کینیڈا سبھی کثیر جماعتی نظام (Multi-party system) کی مثالیں ہیں (All of the above)۔
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856📚Basic EnglishLanguage Acquisition: Mother Tongue
The first language which we learn or speak as a child is called
Explanation
The first native language acquired naturally from infancy within the home environment is defined as the Mother Tongue (L1 / First Language).
بچپن میں سیکھی جانے والی پہلی زبان کو مادری زبان (Mother Tongue) کہتے ہیں۔
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857📚Basic EnglishBarriers to Effective Communication
Consider the following statements:
1. Text messages are more effective than face to face communication.
2. Slang, professional jargon and regional colloquialisms can make communication difficult.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is false (face-to-face communication allows rich non-verbal cues and immediate feedback). Statement 2 is true (jargon creates semantic noise). Thus, B but not A is correct.
صرف بیان 2 درست ہے کہ غیر مانوس اصطلاحات اور سلینگ گفتگو میں رکاوٹ بنتے ہیں۔
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858📚General Awareness & ScienceWorkplace Hazards: Biological Hazards
Which of the following is an example of a biological hazard in the workplace?
Explanation
Bloodborne pathogens (e.g. Hepatitis B, HIV) are pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood, classifying as infectious Biological Hazards.
خون کے ذریعے پھیلنے والے جراثیم (Bloodborne pathogens) حیاتیاتی خطرات کی مثال ہیں۔
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859📚Basic MathematicsUnit Conversions: Metric to Imperial
How many inches are in 45.6 cm?
Explanation
Since 1 inch=2.54 cm1\text{ inch} = 2.54\text{ cm}, Inches=45.62.54≈17.9527 inches≈17.952 inches\text{Inches} = \frac{45.6}{2.54} \approx 17.9527\text{ inches} \approx 17.952\text{ inches}.
45.6 cm \div 2.54 = 17.952 انچ حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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860📚General Awareness & ScienceISO Standards: ISO 9000
What is ISO 9000?
Explanation
ISO 9000 is an internationally recognized family of standards for Quality Management Systems (QMS) published by the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 9000 معیار کوالٹی مینجمنٹ سسٹم (Quality management system) سے متعلق ہے۔
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861📚General Awareness & ScienceSolid Waste Management: Incineration
The process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and conditions in a specific furnace is called
Explanation
Incineration is a controlled thermal waste treatment process that involves the high-temperature combustion of organic substances contained in solid waste materials.
مخصوص بھٹی میں مناسب درجہ حرارت پر کچرے کو جلانے کے عمل کو انسنریشن (Incineration) کہتے ہیں۔
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862📚General Awareness & ScienceStress Management & Personality
What plays a major role in reaction to stress
Explanation
In psychological stress models, an individual's Personality traits (such as resilience, locus of control, and coping mechanisms) play the primary role in appraisal and physiological reaction to stressors.
دباؤ کے ردعمل میں فرد کی شخصیت (Personality) اور برداشت بنیادی کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔
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863📚General Awareness & ScienceAir Pollutants and Emission Sources
Consider the following pairs:
1. Carbon monoxide — a. Coal burn
2. Carbon-dioxide — b. Fossil fuels
3. Sulphur dioxide — c. Automobiles
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Carbon monoxide = Incomplete vehicular engine combustion in Automobiles (1c); Carbon dioxide = Combustion of Fossil fuels (2b); Sulphur dioxide = Thermal power plant Coal burning (3a)   ⟹  \implies 1c, 2b, 3a.
آلودگی کے ذرائع: کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ (گاڑیاں - 1c)، کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ (حیاتیاتی ایندھن - 2b)، سلفر ڈائی آکسائیڈ (کوئلہ جلنا - 3a)۔
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864📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KMiddle East Geopolitics in News
Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?
Explanation
Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.
حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
865📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KIndigenous Defense Robotics in India
Arrobot, which has developed Unmanned Guided Vehicle (UGV) for the Indian armed forces, is
Explanation
Arrobot is an advanced robotics and artificial intelligence defense startup based in Hyderabad (a joint venture of Raghu Vamsi Machine Tools and PARI).
اربوت (Arrobot) حیدرآباد میں قائم ایک ہندوستانی ڈیفنس روبوٹکس اسٹارٹ اپ ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
866📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KIndian States & International Borders
Which of the following states does not share boundaries with other countries?
Explanation
Jharkhand is a completely landlocked inland state sharing no international borders. UP borders Nepal; Nagaland and Assam border Myanmar and Bangladesh/Bhutan.
جھارکھنڈ کسی بھی دوسرے ملک کے ساتھ بین الاقوامی سرحد شیئر نہیں کرتا۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
867📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&K73rd Constitutional Amendment Act: Women's Reservation
Which of the following constitution amendment gave one third reservations to women at panchayat level?
Explanation
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Article 243D(3), mandating that not less than one-third (33%) of all seats and chairperson positions in Panchayati Raj institutions be reserved for women.
73ویں آئینی ترمیم (1992) کے تحت پنچایتوں میں خواتین کے لیے ایک تہائی (33%) نشستیں مخصوص کی گئیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
868📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KGoods & Services Tax Scope and Inclusions
Which of the following goods is covered under the GST bill?
Explanation
Diamonds and precious gemstones are taxed under the GST regime (at special concessional rates like 0.25% on rough and 3% on polished diamonds). Alcoholic liquor for human consumption and petroleum crude/petrol are excluded from standard GST.
ہیرے اور قیمتی پتھر (Diamonds) جی ایس ٹی (GST) کے دائرے میں آتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
869📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KRoles and Duties of Panchayat Secretary
Which of the following is NOT the responsibility of a panchayat secretary?
Explanation
Panchayat elections and vote counting are the constitutional mandate of the State Election Commission (SEC), NOT the administrative Panchayat Secretary.
پنچایت انتخابات کا انعقاد اسٹیٹ الیکشن کمیشن کی ذمہ داری ہے، پنچایت سیکریٹری کی نہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
870📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KJ&K Panchayati Raj Act 1989: Meeting Frequency
What is the minimum requirement on the number of meetings to be conducted by gram panchayat in Jammu and Kashmir.
Explanation
Under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, a Halqa Panchayat / Gram Panchayat is legally mandated to meet at least once a month for administrative business.
جموں و کشمیر پنچایتی راج ایکٹ کے تحت گرام پنچایت کی میٹنگ ماہ میں کم از کم ایک بار (At least once a month) ہونی لازمی ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
871📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KSultan Rinchan & First Mosque in Kashmir
Who among the following made "Bud Musjid" in Kashmir?
Explanation
Sultan Sadruddin (Lhachan Gualbu Rinchan), the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir who embraced Islam under Sufi saint Sayyid Sharaf-ud-din Abdul Rahman (Bulbul Shah), built the famous 'Bud Masjid' in Srinagar.
کشمیر کی تاریخی 'بُد مسجد' سلطان صدر الدین (رینچن) نے حضرت بلبل شاہؒ کے دست مبارک پر اسلام قبول کرنے کے بعد تعمیر کروائی تھی۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
872📚General English & ComprehensionSentence Completion & Conjunctions
Managers set targets and decide ______ their organization can achieve them.
Explanation
The conjunction/adverb 'how' logically denotes the method and strategy to accomplish goals: "Managers set targets and decide how their organization can achieve them."
طریقہ کار ظاہر کرنے کے لیے لفظ 'how' (کس طرح) درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
873📚General English & ComprehensionEnglish Proverbs
"Man proposes, ______ disposes". Fill in the blank space in this saying with any one of the following words -
Explanation
The timeless proverb is: "Man proposes, God disposes" (meaning human plans are subject to divine will).
مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Man proposes, God disposes" (انسان سوچتا ہے اور خدا فیصلہ کرتا ہے)۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
874📚General English & ComprehensionRelative Pronouns & Syntax
Which one is the correct sentence ?
Explanation
"Everybody loves him who speaks the truth" is grammatically balanced, placing the antecedent 'him' adjacent to the relative clause 'who speaks the truth' without pronoun redundancy.
درست اور فصیح جملہ: "Everybody loves him who speaks the truth."
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
875📚General English & ComprehensionComprehension of Quotes & Themes
A great man said, "If you can't fly, then run, if you can't run, then walk, if you can't walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving on." In this quote, emphasis is on -
Explanation
In Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous quotation, the underlying thesis and moral imperative is perpetual forward progress: 'Moving'.
اس قول میں بنیادی زور مسلسل آگے بڑھنے یعنی حرکت میں رہنے (Moving) پر ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
876📚General English & ComprehensionHomophones & Legal Terminology
Choose the right word to fill in the blank in the sentence:
"The President gave ______ to the bill."
Explanation
'Assent' means official agreement or formal presidential approval to legislation.
قانونی بل کی باضابطہ توثیق و منظوری کے لیے 'Assent' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
877📚General English & ComprehensionPhrasal Verbs
"The wise man advised us not to hate the poor". Replace the word 'hate' in the sentence with one of the following expressions:
Explanation
The phrasal verb 'to look down upon' means to regard with contempt, disdain, or hate.
'Hate' (حقارت سے دیکھنا) کا درست متبادل فریز 'Look down upon' ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
878📚General English & ComprehensionSubjunctive Conjunctions: Lest...should
Fill in the blank in the sentence "He studied hard lest he ______ fail" with an appropriate word:
Explanation
The conjunction 'lest' (meaning 'for fear that') is grammatically followed by the auxiliary verb 'should': "...lest he should fail."
لفظ 'lest' کے ساتھ ہمیشہ موڈل 'should' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
879📚General English & ComprehensionFixed Prepositions: Good at
Manohar is good ______ Cricket.
Explanation
The adjective 'good' is followed by the fixed preposition 'at' when expressing competence or skill in a sport or subject: "good at Cricket."
کسی کھیل یا صلاحیت میں مہارت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'good at' درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
880📚General English & ComprehensionProverbs
"Where there is a ______ there is a way." Fill in the blank space in this sentence with any one of the following words -
Explanation
The famous proverb is: "Where there is a will there is a way" (meaning determination leads to success).
مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Where there is a will there is a way" (جہاں چاہ وہاں راہ)۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
881📚General English & ComprehensionSubject-Verb Agreement
"Yesterday Rahim as well as Karim ______ present in the meeting." Fill in the blank in this sentence with one of the following -
Explanation
When two subjects are connected by 'as well as', the verb agrees in number and person with the first subject ('Rahim', singular past): "was present in the meeting."
'as well as' کے ساتھ فعل پہلے فاعل (Rahim) کے مطابق واحد یعنی 'was' آئے گا۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
882📚General English & ComprehensionIdioms & Metaphors
The expression "Think out of the box" means -
Explanation
'To think out of the box' is an idiomatic metaphor meaning to think creatively, unconventionally, and in an innovative manner.
'Think out of the box' کا مطلب روایات سے ہٹ کر تخلیقی اور جدید انداز میں سوچنا ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
883📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KBiological Classifications: Feeding Habits
Omnivorous animals are those who -
Explanation
Omnivores are animals whose diet naturally comprises both plant materials and animal matter (eating all kinds of food).
ہمہ خور (Omnivorous) وہ جانور ہیں جو پودے اور گوشت دونوں کھاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
884📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSyllogisms: Particular Premises
Statements: Some mangoes are yellow. Some tixo are mangoes.
Conclusions:
1. Some mangoes are green.
2. Tixo is a yellow.
Explanation
Two particular premises (I + I) yield no definite syllogistic conclusion linking Tixo to Yellow. Neither conclusion follows.
دیے گئے بیانات سے کوئی بھی نتیجہ اخذ نہیں ہوتا (Neither follows)۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
885📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.
Conclusions:
1. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance.
2. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.
Explanation
Both conclusions directly address the premise's root problem by asserting that directors should possess specific financial expertise matching institutional roles. Both (1) and (2) follow.
دونوں نتائج (1 اور 2) بیان کے منطقی حل کے طور پر اخذ ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
886📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.
Conclusions:
1. The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
2. It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.
Explanation
Conclusion 2 follows directly from the statement (growing population + shrinking resources makes maintaining living standards difficult). Conclusion 1 contradicts the premise. Only (2) follows.
صرف نتیجہ (2) درست ہے کہ حکومتوں کے لیے معیار زندگی برقرار رکھنا مشکل ہوگا۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
887📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense: Shadow Problems
One morning, Manish and Ali were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Ali's shadow was exactly to the left of Manish, which direction was Manish facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. If the shadow is to Manish's left, then Manish's left side is West. Therefore, Manish must be facing North.
صبح کے وقت سایہ مغرب میں پڑتا ہے۔ بائیں ہاتھ پر مغرب ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ منیش کا رخ شمال (North) کی طرف ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
888📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance
Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?
Explanation
From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home (0,0)=30 km(0,0) = 30\text{ km}.
گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
889📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsProfit and Loss: Equal SP with Equal Gain and Loss
A man sells two houses at the rate of Rs. 1.995 lakhs each. On one, he gains 5% and on other he loses 5%. His gain/loss percentage in the whole transaction is
Explanation
When two items are sold at the same selling price with identical gain %\% and loss %\% (x=5%x = 5\%), the transaction always results in a net loss: Loss%=x2100%=52100%=25100%=0.25%\text{Loss}\% = \frac{x^2}{100}\% = \frac{5^2}{100}\% = \frac{25}{100}\% = 0.25\%.
یکساں فروخت اور یکساں نفع و نقصان پر مجموعی نقصان ہوتا ہے: 52100=0.25%\frac{5^2}{100} = 0.25\%۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
890📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsLinear Equations in Two Variables
The linear equation 6x−12y=06x - 12y = 0 has
Explanation
A single linear equation in two variables (x,yx, y) geometrically represents a continuous straight line in the Cartesian plane and has infinitely many solutions (x,y=x/2)(x, y = x/2).
دو متغیرات والی ایک لکیری مساوات کے لامتناہی حل (Infinite solutions) ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
891📚Knowledge of ComputersStorage Devices: Non-Volatile Memory
Which computer component is responsible for storing data in a long-term, non-volatile manner?
Explanation
A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD) provides persistent, non-volatile secondary storage that retains data when power is switched off.
ہارڈ ڈرائیو (Hard Drive / SSD) مستقل اور نان وولیٹائل ڈیٹا اسٹوریج فراہم کرتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
892📚Knowledge of ComputersInput and Output Devices
What is the main function of an input device?
Explanation
Input devices (e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner) allow users to feed data, commands, and control signals into a computer system for processing.
ان پٹ ڈیوائس کا بنیادی کام کمپیوٹر میں ڈیٹا داخل کرنا (Enter data) ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
893📚Knowledge of ComputersOperating Systems Overview
What is the purpose of an operating system?
Explanation
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardwa