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Internet, Networking, Protocols & Cybersecurity

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📝 Solved Questions on Internet, Networking, Protocols & Cybersecurity (1286)

Start Timed Test (1286 Qs)Self-Paced Practice
1📚🧾 AccountsEcology
Which of the following constitute a food-chain?
Explanation
Grass (Producer) is eaten by Goat (Primary Consumer), which in turn is consumed by Human (Secondary Consumer), forming a valid food chain.
گھاس (پیدا کنندہ) کو بکری کھاتی ہے، اور بکری کو انسان کھاتا ہے، جو کہ ایک درست غذائی زنجیر (food-chain) بناتا ہے۔
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2📚🧾 AccountsEnvironment
Who was the first scientist to use the term SMOG and define its layers?
Explanation
Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux first coined the term 'smog' (portmanteau of smoke and fog) in a paper presented at the Public Health Congress in 1905.
ڈاکٹر ہنری انٹون (Dr. Henry Antoine) نے سب سے پہلے 1905 میں 'smog' (دھوئیں اور دھند کا آمیزہ) کی اصطلاح استعمال کی تھی۔
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3📚🧾 AccountsEnvironment
Consider the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect:

1. Life on the earth is possible due to the greenhouse effect.
2. Increased emission of greenhouse gases is a natural process.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because the greenhouse effect maintains Earth's temperature suitable for life. Statement 2 is incorrect because the recent increased emission of greenhouse gases is primarily anthropogenic (human-caused), not natural.
پہلا بیان درست ہے کیونکہ گرین ہاؤس اثر زمین کے درجہ حرارت کو رہنے کے قابل بناتا ہے۔ دوسرا بیان غلط ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کا بڑھتا ہوا اخراج قدرتی نہیں بلکہ انسانی سرگرمیوں کا نتیجہ ہے۔
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4📚🧾 AccountsEnergy Sources
Consider the following statements:

- a. There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the earth.
- b. Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy.
- c. Waste from a nuclear power plant can be easily disposed of.

Which of the above statements is/are NOT correct?
Explanation
Statement a is incorrect because fossil fuels are finite and exhaustible. Statement c is incorrect because disposing of nuclear waste is highly complex, hazardous, and difficult. Statement b is correct, so a and c are NOT correct.
بیان 'a' غلط ہے کیونکہ فوسل فیول کے ذخائر محدود ہیں، اور بیان 'c' غلط ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئر ویسٹ کو ٹھکانے لگانا انتہائی مشکل اور خطرناک کام ہے۔ اس لیے 'a' اور 'c' درست نہیں ہیں۔
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5📚🗺️ GeographyGeography
Which hill is the Vaishno Devi Mandir located on?
Explanation
Vaishno Devi Mandir is a holy Hindu temple situated on the Trikuta Hills in Katra, Jammu and Kashmir.
ویشنو دیوی مندر جموں و کشمیر کے کٹرا میں واقع تریکوٹہ (Trikuta) پہاڑیوں پر واقع ہے۔
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6📚🏛️ CivicsPolity
What is the official language of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Urdu was traditionally the sole official language of Jammu and Kashmir since 1889. Although the J&K Official Languages Act, 2020 added Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, and English as official languages, Urdu remains the standard correct answer in classical state competitive exams.
جموں و کشمیر کی تاریخی اور بنیادی سرکاری زبان اردو (Urdu) رہی ہے۔ 2020 کے ایکٹ کے بعد 5 زبانیں آفیشل ہیں، لیکن اردو روایتی اور اہم سرکاری زبان ہے۔
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7📚🗺️ GeographyGeography
Arrange the following Indian states in order from North to South:

- a. Himachal Pradesh
- b. Tamil Nadu
- c. Telangana
- d. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation
Geographical arrangement from North to South is: Himachal Pradesh (a), Madhya Pradesh (d), Telangana (c), and Tamil Nadu (b). This corresponds to sequence a, d, c, b.
شمال سے جنوب کی جغرافیائی ترتیب ہے: ہماچل پردیش (a)، مدھیہ پردیش (d)، تلنگانہ (c)، اور تمل ناڈو (b)۔ یعنی 'a, d, c, b'۔
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8📚🗺️ GeographyGeography
Consider the following pairs of lakes and the states they are located in:

- a. Hussain Sagar: 4. Telangana
- b. Pulicate Lake: 3. Andhra Pradesh
- c. Dal Lake: 2. Jammu and Kashmir
- d. Loktak Lake: 1. Manipur

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
The correct matches are: Hussain Sagar is in Telangana (a-4), Pulicat Lake in Andhra Pradesh (b-3), Dal Lake in J&K (c-2), and Loktak Lake in Manipur (d-1). This corresponds to a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: حسین ساگر تلنگانہ (a-4)، پلیکٹ جھیل آندھرا پردیش (b-3)، ڈل جھیل جموں و کشمیر (c-2)، اور لوکتک جھیل منی پور (d-1)۔
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9📚📜 HistoryHistory
Who is popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of India"?
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'. He was a prominent leader in the Indian national movement and formulated the Drain of Wealth theory.
دادا بھائی نائوروجی (Dadabhai Naoroji) کو 'Grand Old Man of India' کہا جاتا ہے۔ انہوں نے پسماندگی اور معاشی نکاس کا نظریہ پیش کیا تھا۔
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10📚📜 HistoryHistory
Consider the following pairs of historical terms and entities of Jammu and Kashmir:

- a. Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 4. Gulab Singh
- b. Dar-Ul-Aman (written as Dar-Ul-Alam): 1. Maharaja Ranjit Dev
- c. Mian Deedo: 2. Rebellion Group Head
- d. Treaty of Lahore: 3. 1846

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
The correct matches are: Maharaja Gulab Singh founded the Dogra Dynasty (a-4); Jammu was named 'Dar-ul-Aman' during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Dev due to religious peace (b-1); Mian Deedo was a rebel leader against Sikh rule in Jammu (c-2); and the Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (d-3).
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے ڈوگرہ خاندان کی بنیاد رکھی (a-4)؛ مہاراجہ رنجیت دیو کے دور میں جموں کو دارالامن کہا گیا (b-1)؛ میاں دیدو جموں کے باغی لیڈر تھے (c-2)؛ اور لاہور کا معاہدہ 1846 میں ہوا (d-3)۔
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11📚🧾 AccountsCost Accounting
Calculate the Prime Cost from the following information:

- Direct material purchased: Rs. 1,00,000
- Direct material consumed: Rs. 90,000
- Direct labour: Rs. 60,000
- Direct expenses: Rs. 20,000
- Manufacturing overheads: Rs. 30,000
Explanation
Prime Cost is the sum of direct costs: Prime Cost = Direct Materials Consumed + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses = Rs. 90,000 + Rs. 60,000 + Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 1,70,000. (Note: Purchased material is not used directly, only consumed material is counted).
پرائم کاسٹ (Prime Cost) کا فارمولا: استعمال شدہ خام مال + براہ راست اجرت + دیگر براہ راست اخراجات = 90,000 + 60,000 + 20,000 = 1,70,000 روپے ہے۔
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12📚🧾 AccountsAccounting Equation
Which of the following is correct?
Explanation
The fundamental accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital (Owner's Equity). This represents the balance sheet structure.
بنیادی اکاؤنٹنگ مساوات ہے: اثاثے (Assets) = واجبات (Liabilities) + ایکویٹی / سرمایہ (Equity)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔
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13📚🧾 AccountsAccounting Concepts
Which concept suggests the exclusion of human resources in the balance sheet?
Explanation
The Money Measurement Concept states that only transactions and events that can be expressed in terms of money should be recorded. Since human resource value cannot be reliably quantified in money, it is excluded from the balance sheet.
منی میژرمینٹ (Money Measurement) کے تصور کے تحت کھاتوں میں صرف وہ چیزیں درج کی جاتی ہیں جن کی مالیاتی قدر ماپی جا سکے، اس لیے انسانی وسائل اس میں شامل نہیں ہوتے۔
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14📚🧾 AccountsBank Reconciliation
What is "Deposit in transit" in bank reconciliation?
Explanation
Deposits in transit are funds received and recorded by the company in its cash book but not yet processed and recorded by the bank. In bank reconciliation, these are added to the bank statement balance.
وہ ڈیپازٹس جو کمپنی نے ریکارڈ کر لیے لیکن بینک میں ابھی عملدرآمد نہیں ہوئے، انہیں بینک اسٹیٹمنٹ کے بیلنس میں شامل (Add) کیا جاتا ہے۔
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15📚🧾 AccountsPFMS
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was earlier known as:
Explanation
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was initially launched as a pilot program called the Central Plan Schemes Monitoring System (CPSMS) in 2009 to track funds released under plan schemes.
پبلک فنانشل مینجمنٹ سسٹم (PFMS) کا پرانا نام سینٹرل پلان اسکیم مانیٹرنگ سسٹم (CPSMS) تھا، جسے 2009 میں فنڈز ٹریک کرنے کے لیے شروع کیا گیا تھا۔
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16📚🧾 AccountsPartnership Accounts
What happens when interest on drawings is charged to a partner?
Explanation
Interest on drawings is charged to partners as it is an expense for them. It is debited to the partner's Capital or Current Account, reducing their overall equity balance.
جب شراکت دار سے ڈرائنگز پر سود وصول کیا جاتا ہے، تو اسے شراکت دار کے کیپیٹل یا کرنٹ اکاؤنٹ میں ڈیبٹ (Debit) کیا جاتا ہے۔
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17📚🧾 AccountsAuditing
When an audit is undertaken to check the financial controls and irregularities in the organization, it is which type of audit?
Explanation
An internal audit is conducted within an organization to evaluate risk management, internal controls, and check for any financial irregularities/frauds.
جب تنظیم کے اندر مالیاتی کنٹرولز اور بے ضابطگیوں کو چیک کرنے کے لیے آڈٹ کیا جاتا ہے، تو اسے اندرونی آڈٹ یا انٹرنل آڈٹ (Internal audit) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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18📚🧾 AccountsTrial Balance
A trial balance helps to check the accuracy of the:
Explanation
A trial balance is prepared to verify the arithmetical accuracy of postings in the ledger accounts. If the trial balance agrees, it indicates that the ledger accounts are arithmetically correct.
ٹرائل بیلنس (Trial balance) کھاتہ کھتونی یا لیجر (Ledger) کی حسابی درستگی کو جانچنے کے لیے تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔
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19📚🧾 AccountsTaxation
Assertion (A): If the interest is payable outside India, tax must be deducted at source.
Reason (R): If tax has not been deducted at source, the amount paid as interest will not be allowed as a deduction in computing business income.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Explanation
Both are correct. Section 40(a)(i) mandates that if interest is payable outside India, tax must be deducted at source (TDS). If tax is not deducted, the interest expense is disallowed as a deduction, making R the correct explanation of A.
دعویٰ (A) اور وجہ (R) دونوں درست ہیں اور وجہ، دعویٰ کی صحیح وضاحت کرتی ہے۔ بیرون ملک سود کی ادائیگی پر TDS لازمی ہے ورنہ وہ اخراجات بزنس انکم میں منہا نہیں کیے جا سکتے۔
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20📚🧾 AccountsCost Accounting
From the following information, find out the number of units that must be sold by the firm to earn a profit of Rs. 1,80,000 per year:

- Sales price: Rs. 25 per unit
- Variable manufacturing costs: Rs. 12 per unit
- Variable selling costs: Rs. 3 per unit
- Fixed factory overheads: Rs. 5,00,000
- Fixed selling costs: Rs. 3,00,000
Explanation
Contribution per unit = Selling Price - Total Variable Cost = 25 - (12 + 3) = Rs. 10. Total Fixed Cost = 5,00,000 + 3,00,000 = Rs. 8,00,000. Required Sales Units = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution per unit = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 9,80,000 / 10 = 98,000 units.
فی یونٹ کنٹریبیوشن = 25 - (12+3) = 10۔ کل فکسڈ لاگت = 8,00,000۔ مطلوبہ یونٹس = (فکسڈ لاگت + منافع) / کنٹریبیوشن = (8,00,000 + 1,80,000) / 10 = 98,000 یونٹس۔
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21📚📝 EnglishSynonyms
Select the correct synonym of the word:

ADMONISH
Explanation
'Admonish' means to warn or reprimand someone firmly. Among the given options, 'Threaten' is the closest synonym.
'Admonish' کا مطلب ہے تنبیہ کرنا یا ڈانٹنا۔ دیے گئے اختیارات میں 'Threaten' (دھمکانا) اس کا قریب ترین مترادف ہے۔
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22📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Rearrange the following jumbled phrases into a meaningful sentence:

- 1. Are tree from (free from)
- 2. Grow abundantly
- 3. Low plants
- 4. Tundra region
- 5. During the short summer
- 6. Like mosses and clinches (lichens)
- 7. And
- 8. Ice
Explanation
Option B (4, 1, 8, 5, 7, 3, 6, 2) forms the correct sentence: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'
صحیح ترتیب آپشن B ہے: 'Tundra region are free from ice during the short summer, and low plants like mosses and lichens grow abundantly.'
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23📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with a suitable article:

The Sun rises in the east and sets in ___ west.
Explanation
Directions (east, west, north, south) take the definite article 'the' when preceded by a preposition. Therefore, 'sets in the west'.
جغرافیائی سمتوں (directions) جیسے مشرق، مغرب، وغیرہ سے پہلے ہمیشہ ڈیفینیٹ آرٹیکل 'the' لگایا جاتا ہے۔
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24📚📝 EnglishConditionals
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank:

If I had left early like everyone else did, I ___ sitting here now listening to all this rubbish.
Explanation
This is a mixed conditional sentence. It uses past perfect in the if-clause ('If I had left early...') and would/wouldn't + base verb in the main clause to describe a present result of a past event: 'I wouldn't be sitting here now'.
یہ ایک مخلوط شرطیہ جملہ (mixed conditional) ہے۔ ماضی کے فیصلے کا اثر اب دکھانے کے لیے 'wouldn't be' استعمال ہوگا۔
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25📚🔢 MathStatistics
Consider the following statements regarding Measures of Mortality:

- a. Gross Reproduction Rate: 5. Measures the number of daughters over a lifetime.
- b. Age-Specific Fertility Rate: 3. Has modal value between 20 and 25
- c. Net Reproduction Rate: 2. Affected by mortality rates
- d. Maternal Mortality Rate: 4. Is measured per 1000 live births.

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matches: GRR (Gross Reproduction Rate) measures daughters born per woman without considering mortality (a-5). ASFR usually peaks in age group 20-25 (b-3). NRR is NRR = GRR * survival rate, hence affected by mortality (c-2). MMR in this specific matching maps to 4. Correct match is a-5, b-3, c-2, d-4.
صحیح جوڑے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: GRR کا تعلق بیٹیوں کی پیدائش کی شرح سے ہے (a-5)؛ ASFR کا موڈل گروپ 20-25 عمر کے درمیان ہوتا ہے (b-3)؛ NRR پر شرح اموات اثر انداز ہوتی ہے (c-2)۔ یعنی آپشن C درست ہے۔
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26📚📊 EconomicsEconomics
What is the meaning of a 'Mixed Economy'?
Explanation
A mixed economy is an economic system that blends elements of a market economy (private sector) with elements of a planned economy (public/state sector). India is a prime example.
مخلوط معیشت (Mixed Economy) سے مراد وہ معاشی نظام ہے جس میں سرکاری (public) اور نجی (private) دونوں شعبے مل کر کام کرتے ہیں۔
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27📚📊 EconomicsEconomics
Which of the following is the relation that the law of demand defines?
Explanation
The Law of Demand states that, other things being equal (ceteris paribus), the quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to its price.
قانونِ طلب (law of demand) کسی چیز کی قیمت (price) اور اس کی طلب کی مقدار (quantity) کے درمیان معکوس تعلق کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔
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28📚📊 EconomicsEconomics
Which five-year plan of India was based on the Mahalanobis model?
Explanation
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961), drafted by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, focused on rapid industrialization and heavy basic industries.
بھارت کا دوسرا پانچ سالہ منصوبہ (1956-1961) مہالانوبس ماڈل (Mahalanobis model) پر مبنی تھا، جس میں بھاری صنعتوں پر زور دیا گیا تھا۔
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29📚📊 EconomicsEconomics
Which is NOT one of the four main factors of production?
Explanation
The four classical factors of production are Land, Labour, Capital, and Entrepreneurship. Manufacturing is a production process/sector, not a fundamental factor of production.
پیداوار کے چار اہم عوامل: زمین، محنت (Labour)، سرمایہ (Capital) اور تنظیم ہیں۔ مینوفیکچرنگ (Manufacturing) ان عوامل میں شامل نہیں ہے۔
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30📚🧬 BiologyBiology
Name the hardest material present in the human body:
Explanation
Tooth Enamel, which covers the crown of the tooth, is the hardest and most mineralized substance in the human body.
دانتوں کی سب سے بیرونی تہہ اینمل (Enamel) انسانی جسم کا سب سے سخت ترین مادہ ہے۔
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31📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics
'Short-sight' in the human eye can be corrected by using a proper:
Explanation
Short-sightedness (Myopia) occurs when light focuses in front of the retina. It is corrected using a Concave (diverging) lens to push the focus back onto the retina.
نزدیک نظری یا مایوپیا (Short-sight) کو دور کرنے کے لیے مقعر عدسہ یعنی کانکیو لینس (Concave Lens) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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32📚💻 ComputerMemory
Which of the following memory is used for storing software that does not need updates?
Explanation
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory used to store permanent firmware/software (like the system BIOS) that does not require regular updates.
روم (ROM) ایک ایسی غیر متغیر میموری ہے جس میں مستقل سافٹ ویئر (جیسے BIOS) محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے جسے اپڈیٹس کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی۔
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33📚💻 ComputerSecurity
Which of the following is an antivirus?
Explanation
Norton is a widely used commercial antivirus software utility. Trojan Horse, Worms, and Macro Virus are types of malware.
نورٹن (Norton) ایک اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر ہے، جبکہ ٹروجن ہارس اور ورمز وغیرہ نقصان دہ وائرس اور مالویئر ہیں۔
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34📚💻 ComputerHardware
Where is firmware stored?
Explanation
Firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides low-level control for the device's hardware, permanently stored in non-volatile ROM/Flash chips.
فرم ویئر (firmware) عام طور پر روم (ROM) یا نان وولیٹائل میموری چپس میں مستقل طور پر محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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35📚💻 ComputerIT Act
In the IT Act 2000, which section deals with the punishment for cyber terrorism?
Explanation
Section 66F of the Information Technology Act, 2000, covers the definition and penal provisions for cyber terrorism, carrying a maximum punishment of life imprisonment.
انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ایکٹ 2000 کی دفعہ 66 (F) سائبر دہشت گردی (cyber terrorism) کی سزا اور کارروائی سے متعلق ہے۔
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36📚💻 ComputerE-Governance
The "UMANG" app allows citizens to access:
Explanation
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a multi-platform government app designed to provide single-point access to various central and state government services.
سرکاری ایپ 'عمنگ' (UMANG) شہریوں کو مختلف مرکزی اور ریاستی سرکاری خدمات اور معلومات تک براہ راست رسائی فراہم کرتی ہے۔
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37📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Mark the proper sequence of tasks to be completed in a crime scene.

i. Packaging of physical evidence
ii. Securing the scene
iii. Collecting physical evidence
iv. Recognizing physical evidence
Explanation
The correct sequence is: first secure the scene (ii), then recognize/identify evidence (iv), then collect the evidence (iii), and finally package it (i).
صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے جرم کی جگہ کو محفوظ کرنا (ii)، پھر ثبوتوں کی شناخت کرنا (iv)، پھر ثبوت اکٹھے کرنا (iii)، اور آخر میں پیک کرنا (i)۔
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38📚🔬 Forensic ScienceLaw of Evidence
A witness who wants the accused to be behind bars for the committed crime is called as
Explanation
An interested witness is one who has a personal interest in the outcome of the case or in seeing the accused convicted.
دلچسپی رکھنے والا گواہ (Interested witness) وہ ہوتا ہے جس کا کیس کے نتیجے میں یا ملزم کو سزا دلوانے میں کوئی ذاتی مفاد ہوتا ہے۔
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39📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Institutions
Match the following:

List-I (Institution offering courses in forensic science)
i. Osmania University
ii. Dr. Harisingh Gour University
iii. Bundelkhand University
iv. National Forensic Science University

List-II (Location)
a. Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
b. Delhi
c. Hyderabad, Telangana
d. Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Explanation
The correct matches are: Osmania University is in Hyderabad (i-c); Dr. Harisingh Gour University is in Sagar, MP (ii-a); Bundelkhand University is in Jhansi, UP (iii-d); NFSU has a campus in Delhi (iv-b).
صحیح جوڑ یہ ہیں: عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی حیدرآباد میں ہے (i-c)؛ ڈاکٹر ہری سنگھ گور یونیورسٹی ساگر، ایم پی میں ہے (ii-a)؛ بندیل کھنڈ یونیورسٹی جھانسی، یوپی میں ہے (iii-d)؛ این ایف ایس یو کا کیمپس دہلی میں ہے (iv-b)۔
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40📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFingerprints
Which of the following are the principles of fingerprint analysis?

i. Universal
ii. Individual
iii. Classifiable
Explanation
The core scientific principles/laws of fingerprint analysis are that fingerprints are Individual (unique to each person) and Classifiable (based on systematic ridge patterns). While prints are virtually universal to humans, 'Universal' is not defined as a core principle of fingerprint identification compared to individuality and classifiability.
فنگر پرنٹ تجزیہ کے بنیادی اصول یہ ہیں کہ انگلیوں کے نشانات انفرادی (Individual) ہوتے ہیں اور انہیں باقاعدہ پیٹرن کے تحت درجہ بند (Classifiable) کیا جا سکتا ہے۔
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41📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Administration
The Directorate of Forensic Science Services was bifurcated from BPR & D based on the recommendations of

i. Malimath Committee
ii. Padmanabhaiah Committee
iii. National Human Rights Commission
Explanation
The bifurcation of the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (DFSS) from the Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D) in 2002 was based on the recommendations of the Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
ڈائریکٹوریٹ آف فارنسک سائنس سروسز (DFSS) کو 2002 میں بی پی آر اینڈ ڈی سے الگ کرنا پدمنبھیا کمیٹی اور نیشنل ہیومن رائٹس کمیشن (NHRC) کی سفارشات پر مبنی تھا۔
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42📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Specimen of material collected from crime scene for comparing with the questioned material is called as
Explanation
A control sample is a specimen of material collected from the crime scene (e.g. from an adjacent, unstained area of a substrate) to compare with the questioned evidence to ensure that background or substrate interference is accounted for.
کنٹرول سیمپل (Control Sample) جرم کی جگہ سے حاصل کردہ وہ نمونہ ہوتا ہے جو معاون سطح یا پس منظر کی جانچ کے لیے حاصل کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ موازنے کو درست بنایا جا سکے۔
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43📚🔢 MathStatistics
The English word "Statistics" is derived from

i. Latin word "Status"
ii. Italian word "Statista"
iii. German word "Statistik"
Explanation
The word 'Statistics' has been derived from the Latin word 'Status', Italian word 'Statista', and the German word 'Statistik'. All refer to the political state or data concerning it.
لفظ 'Statistics' لاطینی لفظ 'Status'، اطالوی لفظ 'Statista'، اور جرمن لفظ 'Statistik' سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔
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44📚🔢 MathStatistics
Arrange the stages of statistical investigation in their correct order.

a. Classification of Data
b. Collection of Data
c. Interpretation of Data
d. Analysis of Data
e. Planning the purpose of Investigation
Explanation
The correct logical order of statistical investigation is: Planning (e) -> Collection of Data (b) -> Classification of Data (a) -> Analysis (d) -> Interpretation (c).
اعداد و شمار کی تفتیش کی صحیح ترتیب ہے: تفتیش کی منصوبہ بندی (e) -> ڈیٹا جمع کرنا (b) -> درجہ بندی کرنا (a) -> تجزیہ کرنا (d) -> تشریح یا نتیجہ نکالنا (c)۔ یعنی 'e, b, a, d, c'۔
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45📚⚛️ PhysicsPhysics
A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:
Explanation
Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.
رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔
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46📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFootprints
A footprint classification system is required for filing the footprints of

i. New born babies
ii. Military airmen
iii. People lacking arms
Explanation
Footprint classification systems are used for filing records of newborn babies (hospital security), military airmen (for identification after plane crashes/burns), and individuals lacking arms (who cannot provide fingerprints).
فٹ پرنٹ کی درجہ بندی کا نظام نوزائیدہ بچوں، فوجی ہوابازوں (حادثات میں شناخت کے لیے)، اور بغیر بازوؤں والے افراد (جن کے فنگر پرنٹ نہیں لیے جا سکتے) کی ریکارڈ فائلنگ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے تینوں درست ہیں۔
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47📚⚖️ LawArms Act
Which of the following means ammunition, as per Indian Arms Act, 1959?

i. Rocket.
ii. Noxious liquid
iii. Charges for firearm.
Explanation
Section 2(b) of the Indian Arms Act, 1959 defines 'ammunition' to include rockets, noxious liquid/gas-producing articles, and propellant charges/cartridges for firearms.
بھارتی اسلحہ ایکٹ 1959 کے تحت، بارود (ammunition) کی تعریف میں راکٹ، نقصان دہ مائع (noxious liquid) پیدا کرنے والے آلات، اور گولیوں کے چارجز تینوں شامل ہیں۔
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48📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFiring Process
Arrange the following process of firing in increasing order of chronology.

i. Triggering
ii. Striking percussion cap
iii. Hammer release
iv. Ignition of propellent
Explanation
The correct sequence of events when firing a gun is: first the trigger is pulled/triggering (i), which releases the hammer (iii), causing the firing pin to strike the percussion cap (ii), leading to the ignition of the propellant (iv).
فائرنگ کے عمل کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: پہلے ٹرگر دبایا جاتا ہے (i)، پھر ہیمر آزاد ہوتا ہے (iii)، پھر وہ پرکشن کیپ سے ٹکراتا ہے (ii)، اور آخر میں بارود جلتا ہے (iv)۔ یعنی 'i, iii, ii, iv'۔
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49📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGSR Analysis
Match the following:

List-I (Detectable Metal)
i. Antimony
ii. Copper
iii. Iron
iv. Nitrates

List-II (Source)
a. Primers
b. Barrel
c. Propellants
d. Bullet jacket
Explanation
The correct matches are: Antimony - Primers (i-a); Copper - Bullet jacket (ii-d); Iron - Barrel (iii-b); Nitrates - Propellants (iv-c).
صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: اینٹیمونی -> پرائمر (i-a)؛ تانبا -> گولی کا خول یا جیکٹ (ii-d)؛ لوہا -> نالی (iii-b)؛ نائٹریٹ -> بارود یا پروپیلنٹ (iv-c)۔
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50📚🔬 Forensic ScienceRifling
The process of cutting the lands and groove inside the barrel of a firearm is called as
Explanation
Rifling is the process of cutting helical grooves (creating lands and grooves) inside the bore of a firearm barrel to impart spin and stabilize the bullet.
بندوق کی نالی کے اندر ہیلیکل نالیاں اور ابھار (lands and grooves) کاٹنے کے عمل کو رائفلنگ (Rifling) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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51📚🔬 Forensic ScienceAmmunition
Dum-Dum bullets were first manufactured at
Explanation
Dum-Dum (expanding) bullets were first designed and manufactured in the late 19th century at the British Indian Army Arsenal located in Dum Dum near Calcutta (Kolkata).
دم دم گولیاں (پھیلنے والی گولیاں) سب سے پہلے کلکتہ (Calcutta) کے قریب واقع دم دم فوجی ڈپو میں تیار کی گئی تھیں۔
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52📚🔬 Forensic ScienceAmmunition
The function of primer is
Explanation
The primer contains a small amount of sensitive primary explosive that detonates upon impact, sending a flame to ignite the main propellant powder charge.
پرائمر کا بنیادی کام کارتوس کے اندر موجود اصل بارود (propellant charge) کو جلانا یا بھڑکانا ہوتا ہے۔
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53📚🔬 Forensic ScienceRifling
Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as
Explanation
The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).
نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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54📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTrajectory
The lateral deviation of trajectory of projectile from the plane of departure is known as
Explanation
Drift is the lateral (sideways) deviation of a spinning bullet from the vertical plane of departure, primarily caused by gyroscopic spin and air interaction.
گولی کے گھومنے کی وجہ سے اپنے اصل سیدھے راستے سے دائیں یا بائیں انحراف کرنے کے عمل کو ڈرفٹ (Drift) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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55📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of physical evidence?
Explanation
Glass is a tangible object (physical evidence), while alibis and testimonies represent oral or testimonial evidence.
شیشہ (Glass) مادی یا طبیعی ثبوت (physical evidence) کی ایک قسم ہے، جبکہ گواہان کے بیانات اور عذر (alibi) زبانی گواہی کے زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔
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56📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
The following steps are involved in the crime scene processing:

i. Packaging of evidence
ii. Collection of evidence
iii. Securing the crime scene
iv. Sketching and videography of the crime scene

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?
Explanation
The standard sequence of crime scene processing is: first securing the scene (iii), documenting via sketching and photography (iv), collecting evidence (ii), and then packaging it (i).
کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کی صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا (iii)، خاکہ سازی اور فوٹوگرافی (iv)، شواہد جمع کرنا (ii)، اور پھر ان کی پیکیجنگ کرنا (i)۔
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57📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
After a culprit murders a person in a house and then burns the body in a forest miles away from the house. What is the crime scene where the body is burnt called?
Explanation
The house where the murder occurred is the primary crime scene, and the forest where the body was burned is the secondary crime scene.
وہ مکان جہاں قتل ہوا وہ بنیادی کرائم سین (primary) کہلائے گا، اور جنگل جہاں لاش جلائی گئی وہ ثانوی کرائم سین (secondary) کہلائے گا۔
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58📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
The following steps are involved in crime scene reconstruction:

i. Conjecture
ii. Testing and theory formation
iii. Data collection
iv. Hypothesis testing

Which of the following sequence/order is correct beginning from the first step?
Explanation
Crime scene reconstruction involves: Data collection (iii) -> Conjecture/observation (i) -> Hypothesis testing (iv) -> Testing and theory formation (ii).
کرائم سین کی تعمیر نو (Reconstruction) کے مراحل ہیں: ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنا (iii) -> قیاس آرائی (i) -> مفروضہ کی جانچ (iv) -> نظریہ کی تشکیل اور ٹیسٹنگ (ii)۔
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59📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?
Explanation
The grid search method is a double-line search that is highly thorough and ensures no area is missed.
گرڈ تلاش کا طریقہ (Grid method) ایک دوہرا تلاش کا طریقہ ہے جو انتہائی تفصیلی ہوتا ہے اور اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ کوئی بھی علاقہ چھوٹ نہ جائے۔
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60📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of macroscopic crime scene?
Explanation
A macroscopic crime scene refers to large-scale scenes (like a house, building, or field), whereas microscopic scenes refer to trace evidence (GSR, hair, pollen).
میکرواسکوپک کرائم سین (Macroscopic crime scene) سے مراد کوئی بڑی جگہ ہے جیسے کہ پورا گھر، جبکہ بال، پولن اور بارود کے ذرات مائیکرواسکوپک زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔
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61📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.
پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔
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62📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a type of paper packaging method used for evidence?
Explanation
A druggist's fold (or pharmacist's fold) is a folding pattern used to secure small amounts of trace evidence (like hair, powder, fibers) in paper without leakage.
ڈرگسٹ فولڈ (Druggist's fold) کاغذ کو موڑنے کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس کے ذریعے بالوں یا پاؤڈر جیسے چھوٹے شواہد کو بغیر گرے محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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63📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Blood evidence is packaged in which of the following containers to avoid microbial contamination?
Explanation
Wet or dry bloodstains should be packaged in paper bags because paper allows remaining moisture to evaporate, preventing mold/microbial growth which degrades DNA.
خون کے شواہد کو کاغذ کے تھیلوں (Paper bags) میں پیک کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ کاغذ نمی کو باہر نکلنے دیتا ہے، جس سے پھپھوندی اور جراثیم پیدا نہیں ہوتے جو ڈی این اے کو نقصان پہنچا سکتے ہیں۔
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64📚⚗️ ChemistryArson Investigation
In arson cases, what does "pyromania" mean?
Explanation
Pyromania is an obsessive, impulsive disorder characterized by the deliberate and repetitive setting of fires.
پائرومینیا (Pyromania) سے مراد آگ لگانے کی جنونی اور غیر اختیاری خواہش یا نفسیاتی بیماری ہے۔
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65📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is a specimen for example a hair sample whose origin is known with certainty and is used for comparison called?
Explanation
A sample whose origin is known with certainty (like hair taken directly from a suspect's head) is called a standard or known sample.
وہ نمونہ جس کا ماخذ یقینی طور پر معلوم ہو (مثلاً مشتبہ شخص کے سر سے لیا گیا بال) اسے موازنے کے لیے 'اسٹینڈرڈ سیمپل' (Standard sample) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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66📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is one of the most effective ways of documenting the location of evidence on a bomb blast explosion scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates are highly effective for mapping expansive, outdoor explosion scenes where there may be a single center of explosion but few rectangular walls.
بم دھماکے کی جگہ پر جہاں دور دور تک ملبہ پھیلا ہو، ثبوتوں کی پوزیشن ناپنے کے لیے پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) کا طریقہ سب سے زیادہ کارآمد ہوتا ہے۔
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67📚⚗️ ChemistryExplosives
Sampling of residue deposited on an item in an explosive scene can be collected by vigorously swabbing the surface with several swabs moistened with which of the following?
Explanation
Forensic protocols specify using swabs moistened with distilled water (for inorganic residues/salts) or specific solvents like methanol/ethanol for organic explosive residues. In general, distilled water is the standard safe choice.
دھماکہ خیز مواد کے ذرات کو جمع کرنے کے لیے سطح کو کشید شدہ پانی (Distilled water) سے گیلے کیے گئے سواب کے ذریعے رگڑ کر نمونہ حاصل کیا جاتا ہے۔
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68📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is an example of trace evidence found on a crime scene?
Explanation
Trace evidence refers to microscopic physical evidence transferred during a crime, such as fibers, hair, soil, or glass fragments.
ٹریس شواہد (Trace evidence) سے مراد انتہائی چھوٹے یا خوردبینی شواہد ہیں، جیسے کہ کوئی دھاگہ یا ریشہ (Fiber) جو جائے وقوعہ پر پایا جائے۔
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69📚🧬 BiologyWildlife Protection
Which act deals with the protection and conservation of various species of birds and animals in India?
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India deals with the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants.
بھارت میں جنگلی حیات اور پرندوں کے تحفظ کے لیے 'وائلڈ لائف کنزرویشن ایکٹ 1972' نافذ العمل ہے۔
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70📚🧬 BiologySaliva Analysis
Which gland produces majority of saliva in humans?
Explanation
The submandibular glands produce approximately 65-70% of the total unstimulated saliva in humans, followed by the parotids.
انسانوں میں لعاب دہن (saliva) کا سب سے زیادہ حصہ (تقریباً 65 سے 70 فیصد) سب مینڈبلر غدود (Submandibular glands) سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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71📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Botany
Cannabis plants are often grown indoors illegally. Their pollen can be collected as evidence from the cracks and crevices of the indoor environment by investigative team long after the plantation has been shifted or eradicated. What type of pollination does Cannabis exhibit?
Explanation
Cannabis is an anemophilous (wind-pollinated) plant, producing lightweight pollen that disperses easily and lingers in cracks and indoor spaces.
بھنگ کا پودا (Cannabis) ہوا کے ذریعے پولینیشن (Anemophilous) کرتا ہے، اسی لیے اس کے پولن ہوا میں اڑ کر طویل عرصے تک آس پاس کی دراڑوں میں جمع رہتے ہیں۔
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72📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Entomology
If the Accumulated Degree Hours (ADH) in three days is 3672, then how many ADH of 70 degree are there in these 3 days?
Explanation
To find the corresponding hours at a constant 70 degrees: Hours = ADH / Temp = 3672 / 70 = 52.45 hours.
حساب لگانے کے لیے: گھنٹے = کل ADH تقسیم درجہ حرارت؛ یعنی 3672 / 70 = 52.45 گھنٹے۔
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73📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology
At the age 12-13 years, when all the second molars have erupted, what would the total number of teeth be?
Explanation
By age 12-13, all 28 permanent teeth (excluding the 4 wisdom teeth) have erupted, and all primary/temporary teeth have been shed.
12 سے 13 سال کی عمر میں تمام 28 مستقل دانت نکل آتے ہیں (سوائے عقل داڑھ کے) اور کوئی بھی عارضی یا دودھ کا دانت باقی نہیں رہتا۔
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74📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Anthropology
Which fontanelle of the human skull closes at birth or up to 6 weeks after birth?
Explanation
The posterior fontanelle (Lambda) closes within 1-2 months (up to 6 weeks) after birth. Bregma closes around 18 months.
انسانی کھوپڑی کا پچھلا نرم حصہ یعنی لیمبڈا (Lambda) پیدائش کے وقت یا 6 ہفتوں کے اندر بند ہو جاتا ہے، جبکہ بریگما تقریباً 18 ماہ میں بند ہوتا ہے۔
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75📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Anthropology
Which of the following statements pertaining to the sexual dimorphism in human pelvis is TRUE?
Explanation
In the human pelvis, the female pelvic inlet is circular or oval, whereas the male pelvic inlet is heart-shaped to accommodate childbirth.
انسانی کولہے کی ہڈی (Pelvis) میں جنسی فرق یہ ہے کہ خواتین میں کولہے کا داخلہ راستہ گول (circular) اور مردوں میں دل کی شکل (heart-shaped) جیسا ہوتا ہے۔
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76📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology
Which is the oldest permanent tooth in oral cavity of human adults?
Explanation
The permanent first molar (often called the 6-year molar) is the first permanent tooth to erupt, making it the oldest permanent tooth in an adult mouth.
انسانی منہ میں سب سے پہلا مستقل دانت پہلی داڑھ (First molar) ہے جو 6 سال کی عمر میں نکلتی ہے، اس لیے یہ سب سے پرانا مستقل دانت ہے۔
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77📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Odontology
Which of the following is a NOT successional tooth?
Explanation
Successional (or succedaneous) teeth are permanent teeth that replace primary teeth. Permanent molars (first, second, third) erupt behind primary teeth and do not replace any, making them non-successional.
وہ مستقل دانت جو دودھ کے دانتوں کی جگہ لیتے ہیں انہیں سکسیشنل کہتے ہیں۔ لیکن داڑھیں (Molars) کسی دودھ کے دانت کو گرا کر نہیں نکلتیں، اس لیے وہ سکسیشنل نہیں ہیں۔
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78📚🧬 BiologyFecal Stains
Urobilinoids can be converted to urobilin zinc salt that fluoresces under ALS of 450 nm. This method can be used to spot -
Explanation
The Edelman test converts urobilinoids present in feces to a green fluorescent zinc-urobilin complex, serving as a test for fecal stains.
فضلہ یا پاخانے کے دھبوں (Fecal stains) کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے کیمیائی عمل کے ذریعے زنک یورو بلین نمک بنا کر نیلی روشنی (ALS) میں چمکایا جاتا ہے۔
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79📚🧬 BiologySaliva Analysis
Which of the following can distinguish between human salivary amylase and human pancreatic amylase?
Explanation
Antihuman salivary amylase antibodies (used in lateral flow tests like RSID-Saliva) specifically target salivary amylase and do not cross-react with pancreatic amylase.
منہ کے تھوک والے امائلیز اور لبلبے (pancreas) کے امائلیز کے درمیان فرق کرنے کے لیے اینٹی ہیومن سلائیوری امائلیز اینٹی باڈی (Option C) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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80📚🧬 BiologyHair Analysis
Which of the following statements aptly define the difference between Human hair and animal hair?

i. The colour in human is relatively uniform throughout the shaft as opposed to that in animal hair
ii. The medulla is less than 1/3rd width of the shaft in human hair and greater than 1/3rd width in animal hair
iii. Scaling pattern of human hair is imbricate while that of animal hair is varied
Explanation
All three statements correctly differentiate human from animal hair: human hair has uniform pigmentation (i), a narrow medulla (index < 0.33) (ii), and consistently imbricate scales (iii).
تینوں بیانات انسانی اور حیوانی بالوں کا صحیح موازنہ کرتے ہیں: انسانی بال کا رنگ یکساں ہوتا ہے (i)؛ اس کا اندرونی دھاگہ یا میڈولا ریشے کے تہائی حصے سے چھوٹا ہوتا ہے (ii)؛ اور اس کے اسکیلز ہمیشہ فلیٹ یا امبریکیٹ ہوتے ہیں (iii)۔
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81📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What does transient evidence mean?
Explanation
Transient evidence is evidence that by its very nature is temporary and can easily degrade, disappear, or change over a short period of time (e.g., odors, temperature, footprints in snow).
عارضی ثبوت (Transient evidence) سے مراد ایسا ثبوت ہے جو اپنی نوعیت کے لحاظ سے عارضی ہو اور جو مختصر وقت میں ختم، تبدیل یا زائل ہو سکتا ہو (جیسے بو، درجہ حرارت یا برف پر پاؤں کے نشان)۔
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82📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Anthropology
What branch of forensic science deals with measurement and proportions of human body?
Explanation
Anthropometry refers to the systematic measurement of the physical properties and proportions of the human body, popularized by Alphonse Bertillon for criminal identification.
انتھروپومیٹری (Anthropometry) سے مراد انسانی جسم کے حصوں کی پیمائش اور تناسب کا مطالعہ ہے، جسے الفونس برٹیلون نے مجرموں کی شناخت کے لیے شروع کیا تھا۔
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83📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Botany
Examination of pollen and seeds as trace evidences collected from crime scene is done by
Explanation
Forensic Botany involves the application of plant sciences (such as examining pollen grains, seeds, leaves, and wood) to legal investigations.
فارنسک بوٹنی (Forensic Botany) میں پودوں سے متعلق سائنس (جیسے پولن، بیج، پتے اور لکڑی) کا استعمال کرائم سین پر شواہد کی تفتیش کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
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84📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Date, location and scale are the important components of
Explanation
Date, location, and scale (along with direction and legend) are essential components of a Crime Scene Sketch.
تاریخ، مقام اور اسکیل (پیمانہ) کرائم سین کے خاکے (Crime scene sketch) کے اہم اور لازمی اجزاء ہیں۔
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85📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is not the responsibility of an First Responder?
Explanation
The first responder's priority is life safety (first aid), securing the scene, and arresting suspects if present. Collection of transient evidence is typically done by forensic specialists, although they must preserve it.
فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا بنیادی کام زخمیوں کو طبی امداد دینا، ملزم کو پکڑنا اور جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنا ہے۔ شواہد کو اکٹھا کرنا (Collection) فارنسک ٹیم کا کام ہے، فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کا نہیں۔
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86📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is not a search method employed for outdoor crime scene?
Explanation
Supervision method is not a physical search pattern. Spiral, Grid, Line/Strip, and Zone methods are standard forensic search patterns used for crime scenes.
سپر ویزن کا طریقہ (Supervision method) کوئی سائنسی سرچ پیٹرن نہیں ہے۔ اسپائرل، گرڈ اور لائن میتھڈ کرائم سین کی تلاش کے مقبول طریقے ہیں۔
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87📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
The document meant at the crime scene to keep a record of entry and exit of personnels is known as
Explanation
The Crime Scene Security Log (or Crime Scene Log) records the names and times of arrival and departure of all personnel entering or exiting the secured perimeter.
جائے وقوعہ پر آنے اور جانے والے تمام افسران اور افراد کا ریکارڈ رکھنے والی دستاویز کو کرائم سین لاگ (Crime Scene Log) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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88📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Any physical location where the crime has occurred is known as
Explanation
A crime scene is defined as any physical location where a crime occurred or where evidence related to the crime is found.
وہ مادی یا طبیعی جگہ جہاں کوئی جرم سرزد ہوا ہو یا جرم سے متعلق کوئی ثبوت پایا جائے، اسے جائے وقوعہ یا کرائم سین (Crime scene) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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89📚⚗️ ChemistryArson Investigation
What type of crime scene does arson signify?
Explanation
Arson is the criminal act of deliberately and unlawfully setting fire to property, structures, or wildland areas.
ارسن (Arson) کا مطلب کسی عمارت یا جائیداد کو غیر قانونی اور مجرمانہ طور پر جان بوجھ کر آگ لگا کر تباہ کرنا ہے۔
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90📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is the latest technology of crime scene preservation for reconstruction?
Explanation
3-D Laser Scanning (such as FARO scanners) is a state-of-the-art technology that captures a detailed 3D digital model of the entire crime scene for subsequent virtualization and reconstruction.
جائے وقوعہ کو محفوظ کرنے اور اس کی دوبارہ تعمیر نو کے لیے سب سے جدید ترین ٹیکنالوجی 'تھری ڈی لیزر اسکیننگ' (3-D Laser Scanning) ہے جس سے پورے منظر کا ڈیجیٹل ماڈل تیار ہو جاتا ہے۔
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91📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Wet seminal stains on an clothing is preserved by
Explanation
Biological fluids like semen and blood must be air-dried at room temperature away from direct sunlight, and then packaged in a breathable paper bag to prevent bacterial growth.
کپڑوں پر موجود گیلے سیمن یا خون کے دھبوں کو پہلے سائے میں ہوا میں خشک (Air drying) کیا جاتا ہے اور پھر کاغذ کے لفافے میں محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ وہ سڑ نہ جائیں۔
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92📚⚖️ LawLegal Terms
Conduct money is paid for
Explanation
Conduct money is the traveling expense and allowance paid to a witness, including a medical or forensic expert, to summon them to appear and testify in court.
کنڈکٹ منی (Conduct money) وہ سفری اور روزانہ الاؤنس ہوتا ہے جو عدالت کی طرف سے گواہ یا فارنسک ماہر کو عدالت میں حاضر ہو کر گواہی دینے کے لیے ادا کیا جاتا ہے۔
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93📚⚗️ ChemistryAlternate Light Source
What type of evidence may fluoresce under an alternate light source?
Explanation
Semen and saliva contain biological substances (proteins/urea) that fluoresce strongly under UV/alternate light sources. Blood does not fluoresce directly but absorbs light (looks dark/black), but in many standard exam keys, semen, blood, and saliva are listed together as fluid traces detected by ALS.
متبادل لائٹ سورس (ALS) کے تحت جسمانی رطوبتیں جیسے سیمن، تھوک اور خون کی موجودگی کا پتہ ان کے چمکنے یا روشنی جذب کرنے کے عمل سے لگایا جاتا ہے۔
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94📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
A sharp knife collected form the crime scene as evidence should be preserved in
Explanation
Sharp and dangerous items like knives should be secured in a rigid container (such as a wooden or cardboard box) lined with protective cushioning (cotton) to prevent injury and preserve DNA/fingerprints.
تیز دھار چھری یا چاقو کو چوٹ سے بچنے اور انگلیوں کے نشانات محفوظ رکھنے کے لیے کاٹن لگی لکڑی کے ڈبے (Wooden box lined with cotton) میں محفوظ کرنا چاہیے۔
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95📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Scientists going to an mass disaster crime scene should ensure
Explanation
Mass disaster management requires self-safety/PPE (biological hazard protection), careful chain of custody (collection/packaging), and surveying the wider area for secondary scenes.
بڑے حادثات یا آفات کے مقام پر تفتیش کے لیے جانے والے فارنسک ماہرین کو حیاتیاتی خطرات سے حفاظت، شواہد کی پیکنگ اور ثانوی جائے وقوعہ کی نگرانی سبھی امور کا خیال رکھنا ہوتا ہے۔
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96📚⚖️ LawLegal Sections
Which is not the amendment done to the IPC, 1860 Section 375?
Explanation
Section 375 of the IPC deals exclusively with sexual assault committed by a man against a female. Male children are protected under the POCSO Act, not Section 375 IPC.
آئی پی سی کی دفعہ 375 صرف خواتین کے خلاف جنسی زیادتی کی تعریف کرتی ہے۔ لڑکوں کے تحفظ کے لیے پاکسو (POCSO) قانون ہے، اس لیے دفعہ 375 کا یہ ترمیم لڑکوں کے لیے نہیں ہے۔
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97📚⚖️ LawNDPS Act
What section of NDPS Act, 1985 deals with contravention related to cannabis and cannabis plant?
Explanation
Section 20 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 prescribes the punishment for contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis (charas, ganja).
این ڈی پی ایس (NDPS) ایکٹ 1985 کی دفعہ 20 بھنگ کے پودے اور چرس یا گانجہ سے متعلق جرائم اور ان کی سزا سے متعلق ہے۔
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98📚⚗️ ChemistryNarcotics
What is not a phenanthrene alkaloid extracted from Opium plant?
Explanation
Opium alkaloids include phenanthrenes (morphine, codeine, thebaine) and benzylisoquinolines (narcotine/noscapine, papaverine). Thus, Narcotine is not a phenanthrene alkaloid.
افیون میں موجود الکلائڈز میں مارفین، کوڈین اور تھیبین فینانتھرین کلاس سے ہیں، جبکہ نارکوٹین (Narcotine) بینزائل آئیسوکوئنولین کلاس سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔
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99📚⚗️ ChemistryNarcotics
Cocaine is extracted from plant belonging to family
Explanation
Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylum coca plant (family Erythroxylaceae). Erythroxylum is the genus name representing this botanical source.
کوکین کو اریتھروکسیلم کوکا (Erythroxylum coca) نامی پودے کے پتوں سے حاصل کیا جاتا ہے، جس کی فیملی اریتھروکسیلیسی ہے۔
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100📚⚗️ ChemistryNarcotics
What is an example of synthetic drug?
Explanation
Barbiturates (like phenobarbital) are fully synthetic sedative-hypnotic drugs. Codeine, Cocaine, and Cathinone are natural alkaloids or derived from plants.
باربیٹیوریٹس (Barbiturate) مکمل طور پر مصنوعی طریقے سے بنائی گئی نیند آور دوا (synthetic drug) ہے، جبکہ کوکین اور کوڈین پودوں سے حاصل ہوتی ہیں۔
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101📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Primary evaluation as done by the First Responder should include
Explanation
A first responder's initial assessment (primary evaluation) must establish the size/scope of the incident, identify what emergency services are needed, and evaluate hazard/safety concerns.
فرسٹ ریسپونڈر کی ابتدائی تشخیص (Primary evaluation) میں حادثے کا دائرہ کار، درکار ہنگامی خدمات اور جائے وقوعہ پر موجود خطرات کی جانچ (All of the above) شامل ہونی چاہیے۔
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102📚⚗️ ChemistryPetroleum Products
Which of the following apparatus can be used to estimate flashpoint?
Explanation
All these instruments (Cleveland Open Cup, Abel Apparatus, and Pensky-Martens Closed Cup) are standard laboratory equipment used to determine the flash point of petroleum products.
کلیولینڈ اوپن کپ، ایبل اپریٹس اور پینسکی مارٹن کلوزڈ کپ یہ تمام آلات (All of the above) پٹرولیم اشیاء کا فلیش پوائنٹ معلوم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
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103📚⚗️ ChemistryAmino Acids
The main principle behind Ninhydrin test is:
Explanation
The Ninhydrin test is a redox reaction where amino acids are oxidatively deaminated by ninhydrin (which is reduced to hydrindantin), forming a purple Ruhemann's complex.
ننہائڈرن ٹیسٹ (Ninhydrin test) ریڈوکس ری ایکشن (Redox reaction) پر مبنی ہے جہاں امینو ایسڈ آکسیڈائز ہوتے ہیں اور ننہائڈرن خود ریڈیوس ہو کر جامنی رنگ بناتا ہے۔
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104📚⚛️ PhysicsPhotochemistry
Photochemical process includes
Explanation
All listed processes are photochemical (driven by light absorption): photosynthesis in plants, vitamin D synthesis in skin, and photo-degradation of plastic polymers.
روشنی جذب ہونے سے ہونے والے کیمیائی عمل (Photochemical process) میں فوٹو سنتھیسز، وٹامن ڈی کی تیاری اور پلاسٹک کا خراب ہونا سبھی شامل ہیں (All A, B and C)۔
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105📚⚛️ PhysicsChromatography
What is the full form for the ODS column used in HPLC?
Explanation
The ODS column in HPLC stands for Octadecyl Silane (C18), which is the most widely used stationary phase for reversed-phase chromatography.
HPLC میں استعمال ہونے والے او ڈی ایس (ODS) کالم کا پورا نام آکٹا ڈیسائل سائلین (Octa Decyl Silane) ہے، جسے C18 کالم بھی کہتے ہیں۔
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106📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Security
Which of the following explains the nature of Cookies?
Explanation
In standard computer network contexts, cookies are described as transient (temporary) because session cookies expire when the browser is closed, and even persistent cookies have a set expiration time.
کوکیز (Cookies) کی نوعیت عارضی یا ٹرانزینٹ (Transient) ہوتی ہے کیونکہ یہ عام طور پر سیشن ختم ہونے پر مٹ جاتی ہیں۔
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107📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Security
Which of the following is a Boolean cookie attribute?
Explanation
'Secure' is a Boolean attribute (flag) for cookies. When set, it restricts the transmission of the cookie to secure (HTTPS) connections only.
سیکیور (Secure) کوکی کا ایک بولین (Boolean) وصف ہے؛ اگر یہ لاگو ہو تو کوکی صرف سیکیور کنکشن (HTTPS) پر ہی بھیجی جائے گی۔
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108📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
Abbreviation of DNS is
Explanation
DNS stands for Domain Name System, which translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses.
ڈی ان ایس (DNS) کا پورا نام ڈومین نیم سسٹم (Domain Name System) ہے۔
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109📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSubnetting
The subnet mask for a particular network is 255.255.31.0. Which of the following pairs of IP addresses could belong to this network?
Explanation
With subnet mask 255.255.31.0, bitwise ANDing of 129 (10000001) and 31 (00011111) gives 1, and 161 (10100001) and 31 gives 1. Thus, both 128.8.129.43 and 128.8.161.55 share the same subnet prefix (128.8.1.0).
دیے گئے آپشنز میں سے صرف آپشن C کے دونوں آئی پی ایڈریس 255.255.31.0 ماسک کے تحت ایک ہی نیٹ ورک سے تعلق رکھتے ہیں (دونوں کا نیٹ ورک ایڈریس 128.8.1.0 بنتا ہے)۔
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110📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSubnetting
A subnet has been assigned a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. What is the maximum number of hosts that can belong to this subnet?
Explanation
The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 leaves 6 bits for the host ID (32 - 26 = 6 bits). The maximum number of assignable hosts is 2^6 - 2 = 62 (excluding network and broadcast addresses).
سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.192 میں ہوسٹ کے لیے 6 بٹس بچتے ہیں، جس سے کل ہوسٹس کی تعداد 2^6 - 2 = 62 بنتی ہے۔
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111📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking Devices
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to a transparent bridge and a router?
Explanation
The statement in Option B is reversed: a bridge works at Layer 2 and uses MAC addresses, whereas a router works at Layer 3 and uses IP addresses. Therefore, Option B is NOT true.
دوسرا بیان (B) غلط ہے کیونکہ برِج میک (MAC) ایڈریس کا استعمال کرتا ہے اور راؤٹر آئی پی (IP) ایڈریس کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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112📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
Which media access control protocol is used by IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN?
Explanation
IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to manage medium access and avoid collisions on the wireless medium.
وائرلیس ایل اے این (IEEE 802.11) میں میڈیا ایکسیس کنٹرول کے لیے CSMA/CA پروٹوکول کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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113📚🌍 General AwarenessData Communication
The telephone network is a good example of
Explanation
The telephone network is a full-duplex system because both parties can transmit and receive audio signals simultaneously over the same channel.
ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک فل ڈوپلیکس (Full duplex) کی ایک بہترین مثال ہے کیونکہ اس میں دونوں طرف سے بیک وقت بات چیت ہو سکتی ہے۔
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114📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
The length of address in IPv6 is
Explanation
An IPv6 address has a length of 128 bits, providing a vastly larger address space compared to the 32-bit address space of IPv4.
آئی پی ورژن 6 (IPv6) ایڈریس کی لمبائی 128 بٹس ہوتی ہے۔
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115📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsVPN Protocols
Which of the following is not a VPN protocol?
Explanation
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) is an older encapsulation protocol for serial ports, not a Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocol. PPTP, L2F, and IPSec are VPN tunneling protocols.
سلپ (SLIP) ایک پرانا لنک لیئر پروٹوکول ہے اور یہ وی پی این (VPN) پروٹوکول نہیں ہے، جبکہ باقی تمام وی پی این پروٹوکول ہیں۔
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116📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCryptographic Protocols
Typically, _____ can receive application data from any application layer protocol, but the protocol is normally HTTP.
Explanation
Both SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) reside at the transport/session layer and can secure any application-layer protocol, although HTTP is the most common use case (resulting in HTTPS).
ایس ایس ایل (SSL) اور ٹی ایل ایس (TLS) دونوں ہی کسی بھی ایپلی کیشن لیئر پروٹوکول سے ڈیٹا حاصل کر سکتے ہیں، حالانکہ عام طور پر یہ ایچ ٹی ٹی پی (HTTP) ہوتا ہے۔
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117📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsEmail Security
One security protocol for the e-mail system is
Explanation
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is an email encryption protocol that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication. SSL/TLS are general transport protocols, and IPSec operates at the network layer.
ای میل سیکیورٹی کے لیے پی جی پی (Pretty Good Privacy) پروٹوکول کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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118📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
PDU stands for
Explanation
PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit, which represents a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities of a computer network (e.g. segments in TCP, packets in IP, frames in Ethernet).
پی ڈی یو (PDU) کا مخفف پروٹوکول ڈیٹا یونٹ (Protocol data unit) ہے۔
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119📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCryptographic Protocols
SSL provides
Explanation
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) provides confidentiality (via symmetric encryption), integrity (via Message Authentication Codes/HMAC), and also supports data compression.
ایس ایس ایل (SSL) ڈیٹا کی رازداری (Confidentiality)، سالمیت (Integrity) اور کمپریشن (Compression) تمام خدمات فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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120📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
Convert the given binary notation IP address to dotted-decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111
Explanation
Converting each 8-bit binary octet to decimal: 10000000 = 128, 00001011 = 11, 00000011 = 3, 00011111 = 31. Thus, the address is 128.11.3.31.
دی گئی بائنری نوٹیشن کو ڈیسیمل میں تبدیل کرنے پر آئی پی ایڈریس 128.11.3.31 بنتا ہے۔
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121📚🌍 General AwarenessHash Functions
Which one of the following is not an application of hash function?
Explanation
Key wrapping uses symmetric encryption to wrap/protect cryptographic keys. Hash functions are extensively applied in one-way password storage, file integrity checking for virus detection, and intrusion detection (generating alerts for modified files).
کی ریپنگ (Key wrapping) سمیٹرک انکرپشن کا حصہ ہے، یہ ہیش فنکشن کا بنیادی اطلاق نہیں ہے۔
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122📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
Identify the service which is used to translate a domain name to IP address.
Explanation
DNS (Domain Name System) is the hierarchical and decentralized naming system used to resolve human-readable hostnames into numeric IP addresses.
ڈی این ایس (DNS) ڈومین نیم کو آئی پی ایڈریس میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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123📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsLinux Commands
Identify the command which is used to create Linux File systems.
Explanation
The `mkfs` (make filesystem) command in Linux is used to build a specific filesystem (like ext4) on a partition or storage device.
لینکس میں نیا فائل سسٹم بنانے کے لیے mkfs (make file system) کمانڈ استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
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124📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsLinux Commands
Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?
Explanation
The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).
لینکس میں فائلوں کو دکھانے اور بنانے کے لیے 'cat' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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125📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsLinux Commands
Which Linux command is used to see all the hidden files?
Explanation
In Linux, running `ls -a` (list all) displays all files and directories in the directory, including hidden files (those starting with a dot).
لینکس میں چھپی ہوئی (hidden) فائلوں کو دیکھنے کے لیے 'ls -a' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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126📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Servers
Identify among the following which is mainly used to host web site.
Explanation
A web server is a software and hardware system designed to store, process, and deliver website pages to clients over the HTTP/HTTPS protocols.
वेब سائیٹس کی ہوسٹنگ کے لیے بنیادی طور پر ویب سرور (Web server) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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127📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWeb Protocols
HTTPS is stand for
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which is HTTP layered over TLS or SSL to provide encrypted, authenticated network communication.
ایچ ٹی ٹی پی ایس (HTTPS) کا پورا نام ہائپر ٹیکسٹ ٹرانسفر پروٹوکول سیکیور (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ہے۔
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128📚📜 HistoryNetwork History
Identify the first network which was based on TCP/IP protocol.
Explanation
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) adopted the TCP/IP protocol suite on January 1, 1983, becoming the first network to operate on TCP/IP.
دنیا کا پہلا نیٹ ورک جو ٹی سی پی/آئی پی (TCP/IP) پروٹوکول پر مبنی تھا، ارپانیٹ (ARPANET) تھا۔
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129📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
What is the length of the IPv4 address?
Explanation
An IPv4 address is composed of 32 bits, typically represented in dotted-decimal format (four 8-bit octets separated by decimals).
آئی پی ورژن 4 (IPv4) ایڈریس کی لمبائی 32 بٹس ہوتی ہے۔
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130📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Topologies
The arrangement where all data pass through a central computer is known as
Explanation
In a Star topology, all network nodes are connected to a central hub, switch, or computer, through which all data transmissions must pass.
وہ نیٹ ورک لے آؤٹ جس میں تمام ڈیٹا ایک مرکزی کمپیوٹر سے گزرتا ہے، اسٹار ٹوپولوجی (Star topology) کہلاتا ہے۔
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131📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Protocols
Choose among the following which is a bit-oriented protocol.
Explanation
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol. SSL, HTTP, and HTTPS are character/byte-oriented application/transport protocols.
ایچ ٹی ڈی ایل سی (HDLC) ڈیٹا لنک لیئر کا ایک بٹ اورینٹڈ (bit-oriented) پروٹوکول ہے۔
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132📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsFirewalls
What is a proxy server also known as?
Explanation
An application-level gateway (or application proxy) acts as a proxy server to filter incoming/outgoing traffic at the application layer of the OSI model.
پراکسی سرور کو ایپلی کیشن لیل گیٹ وے (Application-level gateway) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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133📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsRouting Protocols
What is routing algorithm used by OSPF routing protocol?
Explanation
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a Link-State routing protocol that uses the link-state routing algorithm (Dijkstra's SPF algorithm) to find the shortest path.
او ایس پی ایف (OSPF) پروٹوکول نیٹ ورک روٹنگ کے لیے لنک اسٹیٹ (Link state) الگورتھم کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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134📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSubnetting
What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address 200.10.5.68/28?
Explanation
A /28 prefix corresponds to subnet mask 255.255.255.240. Binary bitwise AND of host octet 68 (01000100) and mask 240 (11110000) gives 64 (01000000). Thus, the subnet address is 200.10.5.64.
ہوسٹ آئی پی 200.10.5.68/28 کے سب نیٹ کا پتہ 200.10.5.64 بنتا ہے کیونکہ 28 بٹ کا سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.240 ہے۔
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135📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you ping?
Explanation
The IP address 127.0.0.1 is the standard loopback address reserved to test the TCP/IP protocol stack on the local host.
اپنے لوکل ہوسٹ کے نیٹ ورک اسٹیک کو چیک کرنے کے لیے لوپ بیک ایڈریس 127.0.0.1 پر پنگ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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136📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking Organizations
IANA stands for
Explanation
IANA stands for Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, a standard standards body responsible for global coordination of IP addressing, DNS root zone management, and protocol symbols.
آئی اے این اے (IANA) کا مخفف انٹرنیٹ اسائنڈ نمبرز اتھارٹی (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) ہے۔
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137📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsFirewalls
Which firewall remembers the information about the previously passed packets?
Explanation
Stateful firewalls monitor and keep track of the state of active network connections (using a state table) to filter incoming and outgoing packets based on connection history.
اسٹیٹ فل فائر وال (Stateful firewalls) اپنے پاس سے گزرنے والے پچھلے پیکٹس کی معلومات اور سیشن اسٹیٹ کو یاد رکھتی ہے۔
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138📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsFirewalls
Network layer firewall works as a
Explanation
A network layer firewall filters traffic based on network packet headers (IP addresses, protocol type, ports), functioning primarily as a packet filter.
نیٹ ورک لیئر فائر وال بنیادی طور پر پیکٹ فلٹر (Packet filter) کے طور پر کام کرتی ہے۔
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139📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsFirewalls
The security device which installed between two networks (internal network to outside network) for controlling the flow of traffic into and out of network is known as
Explanation
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.
دو نیٹ ورکس کے درمیان ٹریفک کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے لگایا جانے والا حفاظتی آلہ فائر وال (Firewall) کہلاتا ہے۔
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140📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
The IEEE 802.11 defines basic service set as a building block of wireless
Explanation
The Basic Service Set (BSS) is the fundamental building block of an IEEE 802.11 wireless Local Area Network (LAN).
آئی ای ای ای 802.11 (IEEE 802.11) وائرلیس لوکل ایریا نیٹ ورک (LAN) کی تعمیراتی اکائی کے طور پر کام کرتا ہے۔
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141📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
Which one is the natural mask for a class C Network?
Explanation
The natural (default) subnet mask for Class C network ranges is 255.255.255.0 (/24 prefix length).
کلاس سی نیٹ ورک کا ڈیفالٹ یا قدرتی سب نیٹ ماسک 255.255.255.0 ہوتا ہے۔
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142📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking Devices
If the systems use different protocols, which one of the following devices is used to link two systems?
Explanation
A Gateway is a network device used to connect two systems that use different protocols, performing translation/conversion between them at all layers of the OSI model.
جب دو سسٹمز الگ الگ پروٹوکول استعمال کرتے ہیں تو انہیں جوڑنے کے لیے گیٹ وے (Gateway) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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143📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Protocols
What is the standard form of SNMP?
Explanation
SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol, a standard Internet protocol used to collect, organize, and manage information from managed devices on IP networks.
ایس این ایم پی (SNMP) کا پورا نام سمپل نیٹ ورک مینجمنٹ پروٹوکول (Simple Network Management Protocol) ہے۔
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144📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Topologies
Number of cables required connect 'n' device using Mesh Topology is
Explanation
In a fully connected mesh topology containing n devices, each device connects to n-1 other devices. The total number of simplex/physical links is n * (n - 1) / 2.
میش ٹوپولوجی (Mesh Topology) میں n آلات کو آپس میں جوڑنے کے لیے کل n(n-1)/2 کیبلز کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔
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145📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIP Addressing
Which of the following is a necessary part of the IPv6 datagram?
Explanation
The base header is a mandatory, fixed-size 40-byte header that must be present in every IPv6 datagram, whereas extension headers are optional.
آئی پی ورژن 6 (IPv6) ڈیٹا گرام میں بیس ہیڈر (Base header) کا ہونا لازمی ہے، جبکہ ایکسٹینشن ہیڈرز اختیاری ہوتے ہیں۔
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146📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Services
FTP uses port number _____ for control connection.
Explanation
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) uses TCP port 21 to establish and manage control connections (sending commands), while port 20 is used for data transfer.
ایف ٹی پی (FTP) کنٹرول سیشن قائم کرنے کے لیے پورٹ نمبر 21 کا استعمال کرتا ہے، جبکہ ڈیٹا ٹرانسفر پورٹ 20 پر ہوتا ہے۔
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147📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsOperating Systems
Which of the following is not an operating system?
Explanation
Oracle is a multinational technology corporation known primarily for its Database Management System (DBMS), not an operating system. Linux, DOS, and Windows are OS.
اوریکل (Oracle) ایک ڈیٹا بیس اور سافٹ ویئر کمپنی ہے، یہ آپریٹنگ سسٹم نہیں ہے جبکہ ونڈوز اور لینکس آپریٹنگ سسٹمز ہیں۔
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148📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
How many digits of the Data Network Identification Code (DNIC) identify the country?
Explanation
A DNIC is a 4-digit number. The first three digits represent the Country Code (Data Country Code - DCC), and the fourth digit specifies the data network within that country.
ڈیٹا نیٹ ورک آئیڈینٹی فکیشن کوڈ (DNIC) کے پہلے تین ہندسے (First three digits) ملک کی شناخت کرتے ہیں۔
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149📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCyber Attacks
Which of the below is a popular victim of cyber attackers looking to gain the IP address of a target or victim user?
Explanation
Websites are common tools used by attackers to log visitor connections. By redirecting victims to a specific web server, attackers can easily capture and inspect the victim's source IP address in server access logs.
حملہ آور عام طور پر صارفین کا آئی پی ایڈریس حاصل کرنے کے لیے ویب سائٹس (Websites) کو نشانہ بناتے ہیں یا خود جعلی ویب سائٹ بناتے ہیں۔
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150📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Services
What is a single entrance for multiple connectivity's called?
Explanation
A directory service (like Active Directory) is a single, centralized database system that acts as a single point of entry to manage and connect multiple network services and users.
نیٹ ورک میں بہت سارے کنکشنز اور وسائل تک رسائی کے لیے استعمال ہونے والی واحد داخلی خدمت کو ڈائریکٹری سروس (Directory service) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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151📚🔬 Forensic ScienceDigital Evidence
A network sniffer program is an example of.
Explanation
In legal and digital forensics contexts, a software utility (such as a packet sniffer) used to execute a crime (intercepting password data) is classified as 'Information as an instrumentality' of the crime.
نیٹ ورک اسنفر سافٹ ویئر نیٹ ورک ٹریفک کی جاسوسی کا ایک ذریعہ یا آلہ ہے، جسے انفارمیشن یا سافٹ ویئر بحیثیت آلہ کار (Information as an instrumentality) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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152📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCybersecurity Tools
Which of the following is a session hijacking tool?
Explanation
T-Sight is a commercial security and network sniffing utility used for session hijacking and active monitoring. Wireshark is a packet analyzer, Maltego is OSINT, and Nessus is a vulnerability scanner.
ٹی-سائٹ (T-Sight) ایک مشہور سیشن ہائی جیکنگ اور نیٹ ورک مانیٹرنگ ٹول ہے۔
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153📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsIntrusion Detection Systems
What are characteristics of stack-based IDS?
Explanation
Stack-based IDSs are integrated directly into the host TCP/IP stack, allowing them to watch packets as they are processed through the network layer stack.
اسٹیک بیسڈ آئی ڈی ایس (IDS) ٹی سی پی/آئی پی اسٹیک کے ساتھ گہرائی سے جڑا ہوتا ہے اور وہاں سے گزرنے والے پیکٹس کی نگرانی کرتا ہے۔
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154📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCloud Computing
Which of the following is the most refined and restrictive cloud service model?
Explanation
SaaS (Software as a Service) is the most refined and restrictive model for users because the provider manages all infrastructure, platforms, and software configuration, leaving users with only software application access.
سافت ویئر ایز اے سروس (SaaS) کلاؤڈ سروس کا سب سے محدود اور کنٹرولڈ ماڈل ہے جہاں صارف صرف سافٹ ویئر استعمال کر سکتا ہے۔
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155📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCloud Security
Which of the following is the standard for interoperable cloud-based key management?
Explanation
KMIP (Key Management Interoperability Protocol) is a standard developed by OASIS to ensure interoperability between key management servers and clients.
کلاؤڈ میں کیز (Keys) کے انتظام کے لیے متفقہ پروٹوکول کے ایم آئی پی (KMIP) ہے۔
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156📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSQL Injection
Which will be useful to detect SQL Injection attacks?
Explanation
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) inspects incoming network payloads against known attack signatures to detect malicious activities, including SQL Injection attacks.
نیٹ ورک میں ایس کیو ایل انجیکشن حملوں کا پتہ لگانے کے لیے انٹروژن ڈیٹیکشن سسٹم (Intrusion Detection System) انتہائی مفید ہے۔
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157📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSQL Injection
Which of the following statement is TRUE about SQL Injection?
Explanation
SQL Injection is a code injection technique used to penetrate applications by executing arbitrary SQL commands through user inputs.
ایس کیو ایل انجیکشن کے بارے میں یہ سچ ہے کہ یہ ایک کوڈ انجیکشن یا کوڈ پینیٹریشن ٹیکنیک (Code Penetration Technique) ہے۔
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158📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetwork Forensics
The process of collection of network device logs is known as
Explanation
In network forensics, collecting data and logs directly from running network devices (routers, switches, firewalls) is known as Active Acquisition.
نیٹ ورک ڈیوائسز کے لاگز کو جمع کرنے کے عمل کو ڈیجیٹل فارنسک کی اصطلاح میں ایکٹو ایکوزیشن (Active acquisition) کہتے ہیں۔
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159📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
ATM uses
Explanation
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing (ATDM) to multiplex cell streams over physical links.
اے ٹی ایم (ATM) نیٹ ورک ڈیٹا کی منتقلی کے لیے اسینکرونس ٹائم ڈویژن ملٹی پلیکسنگ (Asynchronous time division multiplexing) کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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160📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsNetworking
An ATM switch at the boundary of the network usually uses _____ for routing.
Explanation
At the UNI boundary of an ATM network, switches translate and route cells using both Virtual Path Identifiers (VPIs) and Virtual Channel Identifiers (VCIs) to map connections.
نیٹ ورک کی سرحد پر موجود ATM سوئچ روٹنگ کے لیے VPI اور VCI دونوں کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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161📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
Which modulations scheme is used by Bluetooth technology?
Explanation
Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) technology uses GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation to transmit data over its 79 RF channels.
بلوٹوتھ ٹیکنالوجی سگنل منتقل کرنے کے لیے GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) موڈولیشن کا استعمال کرتی ہے۔
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162📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
Which one of the following enables us to use the entire bandwidth simultaneously?
Explanation
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) enables multiple users to utilize the entire allocated frequency bandwidth simultaneously by separating user signals with unique codes.
سی ڈی ایم اے (CDMA) ٹیکنالوجی تمام صارفین کو بیک وقت پورا بینڈوتھ استعمال کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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163📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
Which of the following is not true about TDMA?
Explanation
In TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), a single carrier frequency is shared among multiple users using distinct time slots, rather than being dedicated to a single user.
پہلا بیان (A) غلط ہے کیونکہ ٹی ڈی ایم اے (TDMA) میں ایک ہی فریکوئنسی چینل کو وقت کے حصوں میں بانٹ کر متعدد صارفین استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
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164📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsWireless Networks
_____ synchronization overhead is required in TDMA due to _____ transmission.
Explanation
TDMA requires high synchronization overhead (guard times and sync bits) because transmission occurs in short, discontinuous bursts which must align perfectly in time slots.
ٹی ڈی ایم اے میں برسٹ (burst) ٹرانسمیشن کی وجہ سے سگنل ملانے کے لیے زیادہ سنکرونائزیشن اوور ہیڈ (High, burst) درکار ہوتا ہے۔
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165📚🔢 MathWireless Calculations
A TDMA system uses 25 MHz for the forward link, which is broken into radio channels of 200, kHz. If 8 speech channels are supported on a single radio channel, how many simultaneous users can be accommodated?
Explanation
Number of radio channels = 25 MHz / 200 kHz = 25,000 / 200 = 125. Since each channel supports 8 users, total simultaneous users = 125 * 8 = 1000.
حل کرنے پر: 25 میگا ہرٹز کو 200 کلو ہرٹز کے چینلز میں تقسیم کرنے سے 125 چینلز ملتے ہیں، اور ہر چینل پر 8 صارفین کے لحاظ سے کل 1000 صارفین بنتے ہیں۔
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166📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCyber Crimes
Which among the following characteristics are correct about cyberstalking?
Explanation
Cyberstalking is specifically defined as the use of the Internet, email, or other electronic communication devices to stalk or harass another person.
سائبر اسٹاکنگ (cyberstalking) کا مطلب انٹرنیٹ یا الیکٹرانک آلات کا استعمال کر کے کسی شخص یا گروہ کو ہراساں کرنا ہے۔
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167📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsCyber Crimes
What are the means used for stalking by a cyber stalker?
Explanation
A cyberstalker uses electronic communication channels like emails, direct messages, social media, phone calls, and filesharing/airdrop to harass victims.
سائبر اسٹاکر گواہ یا شکار کو ہراساں کرنے کے لیے ای میلز، فون کالز اور پیغامات (Emails, messages, etc.) کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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168📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsSocial Engineering
Part of the social media sites are the various games & third-party applications which helps _____ to get access to your data.
Explanation
Malicious games and third-party apps on social networks are frequently deployed by cyber-criminals to harvest user profile data and spread malware.
سوشل میڈیا پر گیمز اور فریق ثالث (third-party) کی ایپلی کیشنز اکثر سائبر مجرموں (Cyber-criminals) کو آپ کا ڈیٹا چرانے میں مدد کرتی ہے۔
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169📚🛡️ Cyber ForensicsInformation Security
Many social media sites and services provide _____ for legitimate account verification.
Explanation
Two-step (or two-factor) verification is standardly provided by social media services to authenticate the identity of the legitimate account holder during logins.
سوشل میڈیا سائٹس اکاؤنٹ کی سیکیورٹی اور تصدیق کے لیے ٹو-اسٹیپ ویریفکیشن (2-step verification) کی سہولت دیتی ہیں۔
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170📚⚖️ LawIT Act
Which is the Act which provides legal framework for e-Governance in India?
Explanation
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000) provides the legal framework for e-governance in India by validating digital signatures and electronic records.
بھارت میں ای-گورننس (e-Governance) کے لیے قانونی ڈھانچہ فراہم کرنے والا بنیادی قانون انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ایکٹ 2000 (IT Act 2000) ہے۔
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171📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
The following steps are carried out during crime scene processing.
i. Collect
ii. Process and preserve
iii. Record
iv. Observe
Which is the right order beginning from the first step?
Explanation
The standard sequence of crime scene processing is to first Observe (iv) the scene, Record (iii) it through notes, sketches, and photos, Collect (i) the physical evidence, and finally Process and preserve (ii) the evidence and scene details.
کرائم سین پروسیسنگ کا صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے مشاہدہ کرنا (Observe - iv)، پھر ریکارڈ کرنا (Record - iii)، پھر نمونے جمع کرنا (Collect - i)، اور آخر میں پروسیس اور محفوظ کرنا (Process and preserve - ii)۔ یعنی iv، iii، i، ii۔
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172📚🧬 BiologyBiometrics
Which of the following is an example of behavioural biometrics?
Explanation
Behavioral biometrics measure patterns of human activities. Handwriting, signature dynamics, keystroke dynamics, and gait are behavioral, while iris, lip prints, and nail beds are physiological biometrics.
انفرادی رویے کی پیمائش کرنے والے بائیومیٹرکس کو ہیبیچوئل یا بیہیویورل بائیومیٹرکس کہا جاتا ہے۔ لکھاوٹ (Handwriting) اس کی ایک مثال ہے، جبکہ آئیرس اور لپ پرنٹ جسمانی بائیومیٹرکس ہیں۔
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173📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?
Explanation
The double strip search method (also known as the grid search method) involves searching along parallel strips and then repeating the process perpendicular to the first path, making it extremely thorough.
ڈبل اسٹرپ طریقہ (یا گرڈ تلاش کا طریقہ) کرائم سین پر شواہد تلاش کرنے کا ایک انتہائی تفصیلی اور منظم طریقہ ہے۔
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174📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Consider the following duties of the first responding officer.
i. Barricade the crime scene
ii. Compile data from the scene
iii. Attend to any injured people/survivors
iv. Remove and detain witnesses/suspects from crime scene
Arrange the duties in chronological order starting from the first duty
Explanation
The first priority of the responding officer is to preserve life by attending to the injured (iii). The next step is to secure the individuals at the scene by detaining witnesses/suspects (iv), followed by securing the physical scene by barricading (i), and finally documenting and compiling initial scene data (ii).
سب سے پہلے زخمیوں کو طبی امداد فراہم کرنا (iii)، پھر گواہوں یا مشتبہ افراد کو قابو کرنا (iv)، پھر کرائم سین کو بیریکیڈ کر کے سیل کرنا (i) اور آخر میں ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنا (ii) ترجیحی ترتیب ہے۔
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175📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringCrime Scene Reconstruction
In crime scene reconstruction, what does "conjecture" mean?
Explanation
In the process of crime scene reconstruction, a conjecture refers to a preliminary, working hypothesis or possible explanation formulated before comprehensive and detailed laboratory analysis is completed.
کرائم سین کی تعمیر نو (reconstruction) میں، تفصیلی سائنسی تجزیہ کرنے سے پہلے ایک ابتدائی ممکنہ وضاحت یا مفروضہ تیار کرنے کو کنجیکچر (conjecture) کہتے ہیں۔
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176📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Sketching
Which of the following sketches shows a side view for example perspective of a wall looking from the side?
Explanation
An elevated sketch (or elevation view) depicts a vertical plane, showing a side-on view of the scene, such as a wall containing bullet holes or blood spatter patterns.
ایلیویٹڈ ویو (Elevated view) وہ خاکہ ہے جو کرائم سین کا سائیڈ ویو دکھاتا ہے، جیسے دیوار پر موجود گولیوں یا خون کے نشانات۔
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177📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Law
Which of the following evidences are NOT accepted in the Indian Legal system or admissible in court?
Explanation
In the landmark judgment Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court of India ruled that lie-detector tests (polygraphy, narco-analysis, brain mapping) cannot be admitted as evidence unless voluntarily undertaken, and even then, results are generally not substantively admissible. DNA, fingerprints, and autopsy reports are widely accepted.
ہندوستانی قانونی نظام میں پولی گرافی (جھوٹ پکڑنے کا ٹیسٹ) کے نتائج کو عدالت میں ثبوت کے طور پر قبول نہیں کیا جاتا، جبکہ ڈی این اے، فنگر پرنٹ اور پوسٹ مارٹم رپورٹس مکمل طور پر قابل قبول ہیں۔
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178📚⚗️ ChemistryBiochemistry
Fetal hemoglobin is made up of four protein chains. They are
Explanation
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the main oxygen transport protein in human fetuses, consisting of two alpha (a) chains and two gamma (g) chains (a2g2). Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains two alpha and two beta (b) chains.
جنین کا ہیموگلوبن (Fetal hemoglobin) چار پروٹین چینز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے، جو کہ 2 الفا اور 2 گاما (gamma) زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں۔
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179📚⚗️ ChemistryBiochemistry
What type of amylase does the human saliva constitute?
Explanation
Human saliva contains salivary alpha-amylase (ptyalin), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in starch.
انسانی لعاب (saliva) میں الفا-ایمیلیز (alpha-amylase) انزائم پایا جاتا ہے جو نشاستے کو توڑنے کا کام شروع کرتا ہے۔
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180📚🧬 BiologyMolecular Biology
After 6 cycles of PCR amplification process, how many number of DNA copies would be generated under ideal conditions?
Explanation
Under ideal PCR conditions, DNA amplification is exponential, represented by 2^n, where n is the number of cycles. For 6 cycles, 2^6 = 64 copies are generated.
پی سی آر (PCR) میں نمونے کی تعداد 2^n کے تناسب سے بڑھتی ہے۔ 6 سائیکلز کے بعد ڈی این اے کاپیوں کی تعداد 2^6 = 64 ہوگی۔
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181📚⚗️ ChemistryDNA Extraction
Arrange the steps of organic DNA extraction method in order
i. Ethanol precipitation
ii. Cellular lysis
iii. PCI treatment
iv. Gel electrophoresis
Explanation
The organic DNA extraction protocol follows this sequence: cellular lysis (ii) to break open cell membranes, Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) treatment (iii) to separate proteins from DNA, ethanol precipitation (i) to concentrate DNA, and gel electrophoresis (iv) to analyze the quality/quantity of the isolated DNA.
ڈی این اے نکالنے (extraction) کا صحیح ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے خلیات کو توڑنا (Cellular lysis - ii)، پھر پی سی آئی (PCI) ٹریٹمنٹ کے ذریعے پروٹین الگ کرنا (iii)، پھر ایتھنول پریسیپیٹیشن (i) اور آخر میں جیل الیکٹروفورسس (iv)۔
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182📚🧬 BiologyPopulation Genetics
How would you calculate the locus genotype frequency for a heterozygous locus with allele frequencies p and q for human STR genotyping?
Explanation
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency of a heterozygous genotype for two alleles with frequencies p and q is calculated as 2pq.
ہارڈی وینبرگ قانون کے تحت ہیٹروزائگس (heterozygous) لوکس کے لیے جینو ٹائپ کی فریکوئنسی کا فارمولا 2pq ہے۔
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183📚🧬 BiologyAnatomy
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?
Explanation
A sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon. The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body.
سیسامائڈ ہڈی (sesamoid bone) وہ ہڈی ہے جو ٹینڈن کے اندر ابھرتی ہے۔ پٹیلا (Patella - گھٹنے کی ہڈی) انسانی جسم میں اس کی سب سے بڑی مثال ہے۔
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184📚🧬 BiologyForensic Biology
In what way, the presence of plant peroxidases may affect the result of Kastle-Meyer assay?
Explanation
The Kastle-Meyer (KM) test is a catalytic color test for blood. Plant peroxidases can mimic hemoglobin's activity by catalyzing the oxidation of phenolphthalin to phenolphthalein, resulting in a false positive reaction.
کیسٹل میئر ٹیسٹ (خون کی جانچ) میں پودوں کے انزائمز (peroxidases) بھی ہیموگلوبن کی طرح رنگ پیدا کر سکتے ہیں، جس سے غلط مثبت (false positive) نتیجہ ملتا ہے۔
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185📚🧬 BiologyGenetics
In what year was the Human Genome Project completed?
Explanation
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was officially completed and declared closed in April 2003, having sequenced 99% of the euchromatic human genome.
انسانی جینوم پروجیکٹ (Human Genome Project) کا کام باضابطہ طور پر سال 2003 میں مکمل ہوا تھا۔
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186📚🧬 BiologyGenetics
In snapdragons, a cross between a red flower plant and a white flower plant produces a heterozygote that has pink flowers. This is an example of
Explanation
Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes (e.g. pink flowers in snapdragons from red and white parents).
سنیپ ڈریگن میں سرخ اور سفید پھولوں کے ملاپ سے گلابی پھولوں کا بننا نامکمل غلبہ (Incomplete dominance) کی مثال ہے۔
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187📚🧬 BiologyForensic Biology
What fluid accounts for 60% of the seminal fluid?
Explanation
Seminal vesicle fluid constitutes approximately 60% to 70% of the total volume of human semen, containing fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins.
سیمن (semen) کے کل حجم کا تقریباً 60 فیصد حصہ سیمینل ویزیکل سیال (Seminal vesicle fluid) پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
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188📚🧬 BiologyForensic Biology
What component of the sweat can be used for performing a confirmatory assay?
Explanation
Dermcidin is an antimicrobial peptide expressed and secreted specifically by human eccrine sweat glands, serving as a highly specific biomarker for the identification of sweat.
پسینے کی تصدیقی جانچ (confirmatory assay) کے لیے ڈرمیسیڈن (Dermicidin) پروٹین کو بطور مارکر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے، جو صرف پسینے کے غدود سے خارج ہوتا ہے۔
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189📚🧬 BiologyForensic Biology
Which of the following statement is FALSE?
Explanation
In human hair, the cortex constitutes the bulk of the hair shaft, and the medulla is very narrow (occupying less than 1/3rd of the shaft's diameter). Therefore, the width of the cortex is much GREATER than the width of the medulla, making option C false.
انسانی بال میں کارٹیکس (cortex) کا حصہ میڈولا (medulla) سے بہت زیادہ بڑا ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے یہ کہنا غلط ہے کہ کارٹیکس کی چوڑائی میڈولا کی چوڑائی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C غلط ہے)۔
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190📚⚗️ ChemistryBiochemistry
At what linkage does Human Salivary Amylase cleave in the starch molecule?
Explanation
Human salivary alpha-amylase is an endo-enzyme that specifically cleaves internal alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in starch and glycogen molecules.
انسانی تھوک کا ایمیلیز انزائم نشاستہ (starch) کے مالیکیول میں الفا-1,4 (a1->4) لنکیج کو توڑتا ہے۔
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191📚🧬 BiologyMitochondrial DNA
What is the most polymorphic region in human mitochondrial DNA?
Explanation
The D-loop (displacement loop) or control region of human mitochondrial DNA contains the hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2, and HV3), which accumulate mutations rapidly and are the most polymorphic regions used for sequencing.
انسانی مائٹوکونڈریل ڈی این اے (mtDNA) کا سب سے زیادہ متغیر یا پولی مارفک خطہ ڈی-لوپ (D-loop) یا کنٹرول ریجن کہلاتا ہے۔
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192📚🧬 BiologyGenetics
In maize, a dominant allele (A) is necessary for seed color, as opposed to colorless (a). Another gene has a recessive allele (w) that results in waxy starch, as opposed to normal starch (W). The two genes segregate independently. An AaWW plant is testcrossed. What are the phenotypes and relative frequencies of offspring?
Explanation
The testcross is AaWW x aaww. Since W is homozygous dominant (WW) in the first parent, all offspring receive a W allele and will have normal starch (Ww). The A gene cross (Aa x aa) yields 1/2 Aa (colored) and 1/2 aa (colorless). Thus, the phenotypic ratio is 1 (colored, normal starch) : 1 (colorless, normal starch).
ٹیسٹ کراس AaWW x aaww میں تمام بچوں کے پاس کم از کم ایک W ایلِیل ہوگا یعنی سب میں نارمل نشاستہ ہوگا۔ A جین کراس (Aa x aa) سے آدھے بچے رنگین (colored) اور آدھے بے رنگ (colorless) ہوں گے۔ اس طرح تناسب 1:1 ہوگا۔
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193📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is the first step in managing a crime scene?
Explanation
Securing the scene is the immediate first step in crime scene management to prevent contamination, alteration, or loss of evidence.
کرائم سین کی حفاظت اور اسے بیریکیڈ کرنا سب سے پہلا لازمی قدم ہے تاکہ شواہد کو آلودگی، تبدیلی یا ضائع ہونے سے بچایا جا سکے۔
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194📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Searching
Which of the following method of searching is most appropriate to be used for a plane crash site?
Explanation
For a very large, open, and complex site like a plane crash where debris is widely scattered, the Zone (or Sector) search method is most appropriate. The site is split into manageable sectors, and each is searched systematically.
طیارہ حادثہ (plane crash) جیسی بڑی اور وسیع جگہ پر جہاں ملبہ دور دور تک پھیلا ہوتا ہے، زون سرچ (Zone search) کا طریقہ سب سے موزوں ہے، جہاں علاقے کو چھوٹے زونز میں تقسیم کر کے الگ الگ ٹیموں کے ذریعے تلاش کی جاتی ہے۔
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195📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is the correct sequence of crime scene management?
Explanation
The correct logical order of evidence handling in forensic science is: Collection -> Packaging -> Forwarding -> Transportation -> Analysis. In Option C, this sequence is present (following the hyphenated typos in the exam booklet).
شواہد کی دیکھ بھال کا صحیح قانونی اور فارنزک تسلسل یہ ہے: شواہد اکٹھا کرنا (Collection)، پھر انہیں پیک کرنا (Packaging)، لیبارٹری کو بھیجنے کی منظوری/فارورڈنگ (Forwarding)، پھر ٹرانسپورٹ کرنا (Transportation)، اور آخر میں لیبارٹری میں تجزیہ کرنا (Analysis)۔
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196📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is the first step at managing the crime scene?
Explanation
Preservation of human life is the absolute highest priority. Providing medical first-aid to any injured victims is always the very first step upon arriving at a crime scene.
انسانی جان بچانا سب سے پہلی ترجیح ہے۔ اسی لیے جائے وقوعہ پر پہنچتے ہی سب سے پہلا قدم زخمیوں کو فوری طبی امداد (first-aid) فراہم کرنا ہوتا ہے۔
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197📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
What is the primary function of barricading the crime scene?
Explanation
Barricading restricts unauthorized access to the crime scene, preserving it from contamination, destruction, or alteration of crucial physical evidence by onlookers or personnel.
جائے وقوعہ کو بیریکیڈ کرنے کا بنیادی مقصد عام لوگوں اور غیر متعلقہ افراد کے داخلے کو روکنا ہے تاکہ شواہد کو خراب ہونے یا آلودہ (contamination) ہونے سے بچایا جا سکے۔
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198📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Documentation
What are the essentials in the documentation of crime scene?
Explanation
The four primary methods for documenting a crime scene are photography, notes taking, sketching, and videography. These establish a permanent, visual, and written record of the scene.
جائے وقوعہ کی مستند دستاویز سازی (documentation) کے چار بنیادی طریقے فوٹوگرافی، تفصیلی نوٹس لکھنا، خاکہ (sketch) بنانا، اور ویڈیو بنانا (videography) ہیں۔
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199📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Processing
What is the significance of the primary walk-through at the crime scene?
Explanation
The primary walk-through is the initial survey of the crime scene by the investigator to observe the scene's condition, identify transient or fragile evidence, plan search strategies, and document initial locations.
کرائم سین پر سب سے پہلے کیے جانے والے معائنے (primary walk-through) کا مقصد جائے وقوعہ کی مجموعی حالت کو سمجھنا اور ممکنہ شواہد کی نشاندہی کر کے ان کے مقامات کو ابتدائی طور پر محفوظ کرنا ہے۔
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200📚🧬 BiologyQuestioned Documents
What is the full form of ESDA?
Explanation
ESDA stands for Electrostatic Detection Apparatus, which is a specialized forensic instrument used to visualize and create a permanent record of indented writing impressions on paper.
ایس ڈی اے (ESDA) کا پورا نام الیکٹرو سٹیٹک ڈیٹیکشن اپریٹس (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus) ہے، جو کاغذ پر موجود دبی ہوئی لکھاوٹ (indentations) کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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201📚🔬 Forensic ScienceDermatoglyphics
Statement A: Fingerprints study is also called as Dermatoglyphics
Statement B: Fingerprints of new born babies changes as they grow older
Explanation
Statement A is true (dermatoglyphics is the study of skin ridges). Statement B is false because fingerprint ridge patterns are permanent and do not change from birth to death; they only grow in size.
پہلا بیان (A) صحیح ہے کہ فنگر پرنٹس کے سائنسی مطالعہ کو ڈرمیٹوگلی فکس (Dermatoglyphics) کہتے ہیں۔ دوسرا بیان (B) غلط ہے کیونکہ فنگر پرنٹ عمر کے ساتھ تبدیل نہیں ہوتے، وہ مستقل رہتے ہیں، صرف ان کا سائز بڑھتا ہے۔
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202📚🔢 MathANOVA Calculations
In an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the performance of three different study techniques, the mean scores are 75, 80, and 85 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall mean is 80, and the total sum of squares is 300. What is the between-group sum of squares?
Explanation
The formula for Between-Group Sum of Squares (SSB) is SSB = sum of n_j (Mean_j - Overall_Mean)^2. Assuming equal group sizes (n = 1 for simplest representation): SSB = 1(75-80)^2 + 1(80-80)^2 + 1(85-80)^2 = (-5)^2 + 0^2 + 5^2 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50.
گروپوں کے درمیان مجموعہِ مربعات (Between-group sum of squares) معلوم کرنے کے لیے، ہر گروپ کے اوسط کو مجموعی اوسط سے گھٹا کر اس کا مربع لیا جاتا ہے: (75-80)^2 + (80-80)^2 + (85-80)^2 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50۔
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203📚🔬 Forensic ScienceInk Analysis
What are Taggants in inks used as?
Explanation
Taggants are unique chemical or physical markers added to inks by manufacturers during production to allow the identification of the ink brand, formulation, and year of manufacture.
ٹیگینٹس (Taggants) وہ خاص کیمیائی مرکبات یا نشانات ہوتے ہیں جو روشنائی بنانے والی کمپنیاں اس میں شامل کرتی ہیں تاکہ ضرورت پڑنے پر روشنائی کی اصل کمپنی اور تیاری کے سال کی شناخت کی جا سکے۔
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204📚🔬 Forensic SciencePrinting Technology History
Arrange the following in ascending chronological order of their appearance:
i. Manual typewriter
ii. Laser printer
iii. Dot-Matrix printer
iv. Inkjet printer
Explanation
The chronological order is: i. Manual Typewriter (1860s/1870s) -> iii. Dot-Matrix Printer (1970) -> iv. Inkjet Printer (late 1970s/1980s) -> ii. Laser Printer (office commercialization in 1984, following mid-1970s inventions). This corresponds to option D.
صحیح تاریخی ترتیب یہ ہے: سب سے پہلے دستی ٹائپ رائٹر (Manual typewriter - i)، پھر ڈاٹ میٹرکس پرنٹر (Dot-Matrix - iii)، پھر انک جیٹ پرنٹر (Inkjet - iv)، اور آخر میں لیزر پرنٹر (Laser - ii)۔ یعنی i, iii, iv, ii۔
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205📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTypewriting Analysis
Which of the following causes the Transitory defects in the typescript?
Explanation
Clogging of the typeface (due to ink ribbon lint and dust accumulating in letters like 'o' or 'e') is a transitory (temporary) defect because cleaning the keys completely removes it. Bent serifs and alignment are permanent defects.
ٹائپ رائٹر کی لکھائی میں عارضی نقائص (Transitory defects) حروف کے سانچوں میں روشنائی اور کچرا جمع ہونے (clogging of the typeface) کی وجہ سے ہوتے ہیں، جو صاف کرنے سے ختم ہو جاتے ہیں۔
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206📚🔬 Forensic ScienceTypewriting Analysis
Which of the following is most likely to develop the individual characteristics when used a lot?
Explanation
Manual typewriters develop highly specific individual characteristics with use due to mechanical wear and tear, bending of serifs, misalignment of type bars, and clog damage.
دستی ٹائپ رائٹر (Typewriting) کے مستقل استعمال سے اس کے کل پرزوں اور حروف میں مکینیکل گھساؤ پیدا ہوتا ہے، جس سے اس کی لکھائی میں منفرد اور انفرادی علامات پیدا ہو جاتی ہیں۔
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207📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Following are the duties of the First officer arriving at the scene of crime, EXCEPT-
i. Taking notes of any vehicles leaving the scene
ii. Obtaining medical assistance if needed
iii. Check for hazardous or violent circumstances
iv. Leaves the crime scene to do a preliminary examination
Explanation
The first responding officer must secure the scene and must NOT leave the crime scene to conduct a preliminary examination elsewhere. Securing, checking for hazards, helping victims, and noting suspicious vehicles are correct duties, making 'iv' the exception.
جائے وقوعہ پر پہنچنے والے پہلے پولیس اہلکار کے فرائض میں یہ شامل نہیں ہے کہ وہ جائے وقوعہ کو چھوڑ کر کہیں اور ابتدائی معائنے کے لیے چلا جائے (صرف iv غلط ہے)۔
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208📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is NOT a key element of crime scene management?
i. Documentation
ii. Preservation of evidence
iii. Identifying and interviewing suspects
iv. Crowd control
Explanation
Crime scene management focuses on securing the scene, documenting it (i), and preserving evidence (ii). Identifying and interviewing suspects (iii) and overall crowd control (iv) are broader police investigation/security duties, making (iii) and (iv) the correct options that are NOT part of scene management.
کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے بنیادی عناصر میں دستاویز سازی (documentation) اور شواہد کی حفاظت شامل ہے۔ مشتبہ افراد کی شناخت اور پوچھ گچھ (iii) اور ہجوم پر قابو پانا (iv) وسیع تر تفتیشی کام ہیں، کرائم سین مینجمنٹ کے نہیں (صرف iii اور iv درست ہیں)۔
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209📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Management
How long a crime scene should typically be secured for?
Explanation
A crime scene must remain barricaded and secured for as long as is necessary to conduct a thorough search, document the scene, and collect all potential physical evidence.
جائے وقوعہ کو تب تک محفوظ رکھا جانا چاہیے جب تک کہ تفتیش کار تمام شواہد کو تلاش، دستاویزی شکل اور جمع نہ کر لیں (یعنی تفتیش مکمل ہونے تک)۔
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210📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Systems
Who introduced the muscular movement of penmanship through publication 'Palmer Guide to Muscular Movement'?
Explanation
Austin Norman Palmer introduced the Palmer Method of penmanship (muscular movement writing style) in his late 19th-century publications.
آسٹن این پالمر (Austin N. Palmer) نے 19ویں صدی کے آخر میں لکھائی کو خوبصورت اور تیز بنانے کے لیے پٹھوں کی حرکت (muscular movement) پر مبنی پالمر طریقہ متعارف کروایا تھا۔
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211📚🔬 Forensic SciencePrinting Technology
Lithography printing has the following characteristics:
a. The printing plane is engraved to various steps resulting in a raised image on the document
b. The ink is offset from the printing plate to a rubber blanket and finally to the substrate
c. The printed and non-printed areas of the plate with sides on the same plane
d. It relies on the principle that oil and water do not mix
e. The printing process utilises raised type of embossed printed images
Explanation
Lithography is planographic (c: print/non-print areas are on the same plane) and works on the oil-and-water repulsion principle (d). In offset lithography, ink transfers from the plate to a rubber blanket, then to paper (b). Engraving/raised prints (a, e) are intaglio or letterpress features. Thus, b, c, and d only are correct.
لیتھوگرافی (Lithography) کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: روشنائی پلیٹ سے ربڑ کمبل پر اور پھر کاغذ پر منتقل ہوتی ہے (b)، پرنٹ ہونے والا حصہ اسی سطح پر ہوتا ہے (planographic - c)، اور یہ تیل اور پانی کے نہ ملنے کے اصول پر کام کرتی ہے (d)۔ ابھار والی پرنٹنگ (a, e) اس میں نہیں ہوتی۔ یعنی b, c اور d درست ہیں۔
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212📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Factors
Which of the following is an internal factor (cannot be controlled) affecting a person's handwriting?
Explanation
Ageing is a gradual, permanent, and uncontrollable internal physiological factor that alters handwriting. Intoxication, drowsiness, and minor injuries are temporary or external factors.
بڑھتی ہوئی عمر (ageing) ایک ایسا اندرونی جسمانی عمل ہے جو انسان کے اختیار میں نہیں ہوتا اور یہ لکھاوٹ پر مستقل اثر ڈالتا ہے، جبکہ نشہ یا نیند عارضی عوامل ہیں۔
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213📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHandwriting Analysis
In forensic document examination, the presence of consistent letter formation and spacing is considered as:
Explanation
Consistent, unique habits of letter formation, slant, connection, and spacing are individual characteristics that distinguish one person's handwriting from another.
حروف کی مخصوص ساخت اور ان کے درمیان مسلسل یکساں فاصلہ رکھنا لکھاوٹ کی انفرادی خصوصیت (individual characteristic) مانی جاتی ہے جو ہر مصنف کی الگ ہوتی ہے۔
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214📚🔬 Forensic ScienceHistory of Forensics
In response to the rising demands of providing high technology to the crime investigation process, BPR&D established the first Forensic DNA Typing facility at CFSL, Calcutta, during
Explanation
The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) established India's first Central DNA Typing Unit at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Calcutta in 1998.
ہندوستان میں پہلی سنٹرل فارنزک ڈی این اے ٹائپنگ کی سہولت 1998 میں سنٹرل فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (CFSL) کلکتہ میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔
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215📚⚗️ ChemistryExplosives Analysis
Which of the following is not an example of improvised explosive device
Explanation
A military hand grenade is a standardized, factory-manufactured ordnance. Fuse bombs, Molotov cocktails, and percussion cup bombs are examples of homemade Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
دستی بم (Grenade) ایک باقاعدہ فیکٹری میں تیار کردہ فوجی ہتھیار ہے، جبکہ فیوز بم، مولوٹوف کاک ٹیل اور پرکشن کپ بم غیر قانونی طور پر گھر میں بنائے جانے والے دھماکہ خیز آلات (IEDs) کی مثالیں ہیں۔
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216📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Law
Under section 304B of IPC, death of a women under other than normal circumstances within ________ years of marriage shall be called "Dowry Death".
Explanation
Under Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code, the death of a woman must occur within seven years of her marriage under abnormal circumstances, with evidence of dowry harassment, to be classified as a Dowry Death.
تعزیرات ہند (IPC) کی دفعہ 304B کے مطابق، شادی کے سات (7) سال کے اندر اگر کسی عورت کی موت مشکوک حالات میں ہو اور جہیز کے لیے ہراساں کیا گیا ہو، تو اسے جہیز کی موت (Dowry Death) مانا جائے گا۔
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217📚⚗️ ChemistryNarcotics Chemistry
Smack is a variable mixture of
Explanation
Smack is a common street/slang name for heroin (diacetylmorphine), which is a semi-synthetic opioid drug derived from morphine.
اسمیک (Smack) گلیوں اور بازاروں میں ہیروئن (Heroin) کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا ایک عام اور غیر قانونی نام ہے۔
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218📚⚗️ ChemistryScreening Tests
Duquenois-Levine test is the screening test for
Explanation
The Duquenois-Levine test is a classic, highly specific presumptive color test used to screen for cannabinoids in suspected cannabis plant materials.
ڈوکوینوئس-لیوائن ٹیسٹ (Duquenois-Levine test) بھنگ یا چرس (Cannabis) کے نمونوں کی تصدیق کے لیے کیا جانے والا بنیادی رنگین اسکریننگ ٹیسٹ ہے۔
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219📚⚖️ LawNDPS Act
What is the name of the compounds used for the manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Explanation
Precursors (precursor chemicals) are chemical substances that are essential starting materials or reagents in the manufacture and synthesis of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
پری کرسرز (Precursors) وہ بنیادی کیمیائی مرکبات ہیں جن کا استعمال نشہ آور دواؤں اور نفسیاتی مادوں (drugs) کو تیار کرنے یا لیبارٹری میں بنانے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
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220📚⚗️ ChemistryClandestine Labs
What is not part of the glassware encountered in a raid for clandestine narcotic lab?
Explanation
Round bottom flasks, separating funnels, and beakers are standard laboratory glassware. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids, not a piece of laboratory glassware.
گول پیندے والے فلاسک، سیپریٹنگ فنل اور بیکر کیمیائی عمل کے شیشے کے برتن (glassware) ہیں، جبکہ ہائیڈرو میٹر مائع کی کثافت (specific gravity) ناپنے کا آلہ ہے، شیشے کا برتن نہیں۔
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221📚⚗️ ChemistryPrecursor Chemistry
Safrole can be used to synthesize.
Explanation
Safrole, extracted from sassafras oil, is a controlled precursor chemical used in clandestine laboratories as the starting material to synthesize MDMA (Ecstasy).
سفرول (Safrole) ایک پری کرسر کیمیکل ہے جو کہ ایم ڈی ایم اے (MDMA / Ecstasy) نامی نشہ آور دوا تیار کرنے کے لیے اہم خام مال کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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222📚⚗️ ChemistryNarcotics Slang
"Chasing the dragon" is common slang for
Explanation
The term 'Chasing the dragon' refers to inhaling the vapor of heated heroin (usually off foil). To align with the official exam key, Option A (Snorting of Heroin) is selected as it is the only option that references heroin.
چیسنگ دا ڈریگن (Chasing the dragon) کا مطلب گرم کی گئی ہیروئن کے دھوئیں کو اندر کھینچنا ہے۔ چونکہ اختیارات میں صرف آپشن A ہیروئن (Snorting of Heroin) کا ذکر کرتا ہے، اس لیے اسے درست مانا گیا ہے۔
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223📚⚗️ ChemistryBiomolecules
How many polypeptide chains are present in Haemoglobin and creatine phosphokinase
Explanation
Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of four polypeptide chains (two alpha and two beta). Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is a dimer consisting of two polypeptide subunit chains (M and B). Therefore, the correct counts are four and two.
ہیموگلوبن میں چار (4) پولی پیپٹائڈ زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں جبکہ کریٹین فاسفوکائنیز (CPK) میں دو (2) زنجیریں ہوتی ہیں (جو مل کر ڈائمر بناتی ہیں)۔ اس لیے جواب چار اور دو ہے۔
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224📚🧬 BiologyAnalytical Instrumentation
Which of the following techniques can be used for qualitative and quantitative estimation of a known impurity in a drug substance?
Explanation
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely used and preferred analytical technique for both separating (qualitative identification via retention time) and quantifying impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances.
کسی دوا میں موجود ناپاکی یا ملاوٹ (impurity) کی مقداری اور معیاری جانچ کے لیے سب سے موزوں اور مستعمل تکنیک ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) ہے۔
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225📚⚗️ ChemistryColor Tests
What transition metal is used in preparation of Mandelin's Reagent.
Explanation
Mandelin's reagent is prepared by dissolving ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in concentrated sulfuric acid. The active transition metal is Vanadium.
منڈیلن ری ایجنٹ (Mandelin's Reagent) امونیم میٹا وینیڈیٹ سے بنتا ہے، جس میں وینیڈیم (Vanadium) دھات کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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226📚⚗️ ChemistryColor Tests
In Duquenois - Levine test appearance of violet colour in what layer signifies the presence of THC in plant material.
Explanation
In the Duquenois-Levine test, chloroform is added in the final step. Extraction of the violet-colored complex into the bottom chloroform layer indicates the presence of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
ڈوکوینوئس-لیوائن ٹیسٹ کے آخری مرحلے میں کلوروفارم (Chloroform) ملایا جاتا ہے۔ اگر بنفشی رنگ کلوروفارم کی نچلی تہہ میں منتقل ہو جائے، تو یہ چرس/ٹی ایچ سی کی حتمی تصدیق ہے۔
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227📚⚗️ ChemistryExtraction Techniques
Heat Reflux Extraction can be used to extract
Explanation
Heat reflux extraction involves boiling a solvent and condensing its vapors back into the flask. It is commonly used to extract stable compounds like chlorophyll from plant leaves using organic solvents.
ہیٹ ریفلکس ایکسٹریکشن کا استعمال پودوں کے پتوں سے کلوروفل (chlorophyll) نکالنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے، جہاں سالونٹ کو مسلسل ابالا اور کنڈینس کیا جاتا ہے۔
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228📚⚗️ ChemistrySolvent Extraction
Why is it important to maintain the pH of the raffinate.
Explanation
Adjusting the pH of the raffinate (aqueous phase) regulates the ionization state of compounds. Maintaining proper pH keeps unwanted organic acids/bases in their ionic (charged) state, making them more soluble in the aqueous phase and preventing their extraction.
ریفینیٹ (raffinate/پانی والی تہہ) کا پی ایچ برقرار رکھنا اس لیے ضروری ہے تاکہ ناپسندیدہ آئنی مرکبات پانی کے اندر ہی حل پذیر رہیں (soluble in aqueous phase) اور نامیاتی تہہ میں منتقل نہ ہوں۔
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229📚⚛️ PhysicsHPLC Columns
Universal column used in HPLC is?
Explanation
A C18 (octadecylsilane) column is the most popular reversed-phase HPLC column. Due to its hydrophobic partitioning, it can separate a vast range of organic compounds, earning it the label 'universal column'.
ایچ پی ایل سی (HPLC) میں استعمال ہونے والا سب سے عام اور کثیر مقصدی کالم C18 (octadecylsilane) ہے۔
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230📚⚛️ PhysicsRaman Spectroscopy
The transition zone of Raman spectra is
Explanation
Raman spectroscopy relies on inelastic scattering of light, which induces transitions within the rotational and vibrational energy levels of a molecule's ground electronic state.
رمن سپیکٹرم (Raman spectra) میں سالمات (molecules) کے اندر برقی مقناطیسی لہروں کے تصادم کی وجہ سے لرزش اور گھومنے کے توانائی کے مداروں (vibrational and rotational levels) میں تبدیلی ہوتی ہے۔
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231📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGlass Analysis
In forensic glass analysis, hackle marks are associated with:
Explanation
Hackle marks are parallel line features on a fracture surface that indicate the local direction of crack propagation. They occur due to tensile stresses twisting or tilting away from the primary fracture plane.
ہیکل مارکس (Hackle marks) شیشے کی فریکچر سطح پر تناؤ کی قوتوں (Tensile forces) کے تحت دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے کی سمت کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔
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232📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSoil Analysis
The colour of soil is mainly determined by its:
Explanation
The color of soil is primarily determined by its mineral composition (especially iron and manganese oxides) and organic matter content, but mineralogy is the fundamental component in soil classification (Munsell system).
مٹی کا رنگ بنیادی طور پر اس میں موجود معدنیات کی ترکیب (Mineral composition) جیسے لوہے اور مینگنیز کے آکسائیڈز سے طے ہوتا ہے۔
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233📚🔬 Forensic ScienceSoil Analysis
In forensic investigations, what can be observed through microscopic examination of soil particles?
Explanation
Microscopic analysis of soil allows forensic scientists to identify specific mineral grains, biological remnants (pollen, diatoms), plant debris, and other organic/inorganic materials that are highly characteristic of a location.
خوردبین کے ذریعے مٹی کے ذرات کا معائنہ کرنے سے اس میں موجود مخصوص معدنیات اور نامیاتی مادوں (Presence of minerals and organic matter) کا پتا چلتا ہے۔
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234📚🧬 BiologyHair Analysis
Eumelanin gives which colour to the hair
Explanation
Eumelanin is the dark pigment responsible for black and brown colors in human hair. Pheomelanin is responsible for red and blonde colors.
یو میلینن (Eumelanin) بالوں کو سیاہ (Black) یا گہرا بھورا رنگ دیتا ہے، جبکہ فیومیلینن سرخ رنگ کے لیے ذمہ دار ہے۔
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235📚🔬 Forensic ScienceFiber Analysis
In forensic fiber examination, what specific information does the analysis of fiber cross-sections using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provide?
Explanation
Using SEM to inspect fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views yields highly detailed images of the fiber's surface texture, cross-sectional shape (e.g., trilobal, round), and manufacturing marks.
الیکٹران مائیکروسکوپ (SEM) کے ذریعے ریشوں کے کراس سیکشن کی جانچ سے ان کی سطح کی ساخت اور بناوٹ (Fiber surface texture) کا تفصیلی پتا چلتا ہے۔
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236📚⚛️ PhysicsFiber Classification
Which of the following fibers in not derived from plants?
Explanation
Mohair is an animal fiber obtained from the hair of the Angora goat. Cotton (seed), coir (coconut husk), and flax (bast) are plant-derived cellulosic fibers.
موہیر (Mohair) انگورہ بکری کے بالوں سے حاصل ہونے والا ریشہ ہے، اس لیے یہ پودوں سے حاصل نہیں ہوتا جبکہ کاٹن، کوئر اور فلیکس پودوں سے حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔
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237📚🔬 Forensic ScienceAudio Forensics
In forensic audio analysis, what property of sound is primarily associated with the term "frequency"?
Explanation
Frequency represents the rate of vibration of sound waves. In human perception, frequency is directly perceived as the pitch of the sound (high frequency corresponds to high pitch).
آواز کی فریکوئنسی (frequency) انسانی کانوں کو پچ (Pitch - آواز کا باریک یا بھاری ہونا) کے طور پر محسوس ہوتی ہے۔
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238📚⚛️ PhysicsHuman Anatomy
Which part of the human ear is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals for transmission to the brain?
Explanation
The inner ear (specifically the cochlea) contains specialized hair cells that translate mechanical vibrations from fluid movement into electrical nerve impulses sent to the brain.
انسانی کان کا اندرونی حصہ (Inner ear / cochlea) آواز کی مکینیکل تھرکن کو برقی سگنلز میں تبدیل کر کے دماغ کو بھیجتا ہے۔
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239📚🔬 Forensic ScienceVoice Identification
What aspect of an individual's voice is often used in forensic applications for voice authentication and identification?
Explanation
Formant frequencies (the acoustic resonances of the vocal tract) are highly specific to an individual's vocal tract anatomy and articulation, serving as stable markers for voice verification.
آواز کے فارمنٹس (Formant frequency) ووکل ٹریکٹ کی ساخت کی وجہ سے ہر شخص کے منفرد ہوتے ہیں، اس لیے یہ آواز کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
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240📚⚛️ PhysicsX-Ray Crystallography
What could be a possible explanation for the broadening of the peaks in an X Ray diffraction pattern?
Explanation
Peak broadening in XRD is caused by small crystallite size, microstrain/defects, and instrumental factors. The presence of impurities introduces lattice defects and strain, which causes peak broadening.
ایکس رے ڈفریکشن (XRD) پیٹرن میں چوٹیوں کے چوڑا ہونے (broadening) کی وجہ کرسٹل میں خرابی، مائیکرو اسٹرین یا ناخالصیوں کی موجودگی (Presence of impurities) ہوسکتی ہے۔
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241📚⚛️ PhysicsRaman Spectroscopy
A forensic team is analysing a complex mixture of drugs using Raman spectroscopy. How can the team overcome the issue of fluorescence interference and enhance the specificity of the Raman signal?
Explanation
Fluorescence interference is a major challenge in Raman spectroscopy. Using a longer excitation wavelength (e.g., 785 nm or 1064 nm NIR laser) provides photons with insufficient energy to excite electronic fluorescence, isolating the Raman scattering.
رامن سپیکٹروسکوپی میں فلوروسینس کی مداخلت کو ختم کرنے کے لیے لمبی طولِ موج کا لیزر (Use a longer wavelength laser) استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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242📚⚛️ PhysicsRaman Spectroscopy
In Raman spectroscopy, what phenomenon occurs when the incident light is scattered with a change in frequency, and the scattered light has a different frequency from the incident light?
Explanation
Raman scattering is an inelastic scattering process where the scattered photon exchange energy with molecular vibrations, resulting in a shift in frequency.
رامن اثر میں روشنی کا اپنے اصل تعدد (frequency) کو تبدیل کر کے بکھرنا غیر لچکدار بکھراؤ (Inelastic scattering) کہلاتا ہے۔
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243📚🔢 MathRaman Spectroscopy
If a Raman spectrum is acquired with a laser wavelength of 532 nm and a Raman shift of 800 cm1800 \text{ cm}^{-1} is observed, calculate the corresponding Raman frequency in terahertz (THz). (Use the conversion factor: 1 THz=33.33 cm11 \text{ THz} = 33.33 \text{ cm}^{-1})
Explanation
Using the conversion factor 1 THz=33.33 cm11\text{ THz} = 33.33\text{ cm}^{-1}, the Raman frequency shift in THz is 800/33.33=24.002 THz24.00 THz800 / 33.33 = 24.002\text{ THz} \approx 24.00\text{ THz}.
تبدیلی کے تناسب کے تحت: 800/33.33=24.00 THz800 / 33.33 = 24.00\text{ THz} فریکوئنسی حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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244📚⚛️ PhysicsRaman Spectroscopy
A forensic team is utilizing Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of seized drugs. What advantage does Raman spectroscopy have over infrared (IR) spectroscopy when dealing with samples containing coloured pigments or dyes?
Explanation
Raman spectroscopy typically shows very weak scattering from inorganic pigments and water, resulting in reduced spectral interference from these components compared to IR absorption.
رنگین پگمنٹس یا ڈائی والے نمونوں میں رامن سپیکٹروسکوپی کا فائدہ یہ ہے کہ اس میں پگمنٹس کی وجہ سے کم سے کم مداخلت (Reduced interference from pigments) ہوتی ہے۔
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245📚⚛️ PhysicsAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy
In atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), a scientist observes a broad background signal in the spectrum. What method can be employed to correct for this interference and improve the accuracy of the analysis?
Explanation
Zeeman background correction uses a magnetic field to split the atomic absorption line, allowing highly accurate, real-time correction of structured background absorption and matrix interferences.
اے اے ایس (AAS) میں بیک گراؤنڈ سگنل کے شور کو درست کرنے کے لیے زیمان کریکشن (Zeeman correction) کی تکنیک سب سے زیادہ مستند مانی جاتی ہے۔
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246📚🔢 MathAnalytical Methods
When determining the detection limit of an analytical method for toxic elements in a blood sample, if the blank signal is 5.0 absorbance units, and the standard deviation of the blank is 0.2 absorbance units, what is the detection limit?
Explanation
The ratio of the blank signal to the standard deviation of the blank represents the signal-to-noise ratio: 5.0/0.2=255.0 / 0.2 = 25. In certain questions, this ratio is referred to directly as the detection limit (Option D).
خالی سگنل اور اس کے اسٹینڈرڈ ڈیوی ایشن کا تناسب: 5.0/0.2=255.0 / 0.2 = 25 بنتا ہے، جسے امتحانی پرچے میں ڈیٹیکشن لیمٹ (LOD) کے متبادل کے طور پر لیا گیا ہے۔
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247📚⚛️ PhysicsNMR Spectroscopy
How does the applied magnetic field strength influence the NMR signal and resolution in forensic applications?
Explanation
In NMR, the population difference between spin states (Boltzman distribution) increases linearly with magnetic field strength (B0B_0), which directly increases the signal intensity and improves the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.
این ایم آر (NMR) میں مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت بڑھانے سے سگنل اور شور کا تناسب (Higher field strength improves signal-to-noise ratio) بہتر ہوتا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🔬 Home Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
248📚🔬 Forensic ScienceCrime Scene Sketching
In crime scene sketching all of the following would be considered as fixed points except
Explanation
Fixed points in sketching must be permanent, immovable structures (like trees, walls, or poles). A car is mobile and can be moved, so it is not a valid fixed point.
خاکہ نگاری میں غیر متحرک اشیاء جیسے دیوار، درخت یا کھمبے فکسڈ پوائنٹ مانے جاتے ہیں، جبکہ کار (Car) کو متحرک ہونے کی وجہ سے فکسڈ پوائنٹ نہیں مانا جاتا۔
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249📚🔬 Forensic ScienceForensic Anthropology
They are also called "Bone Detectives" because they help in solving complex cases involving unidentified human remains.
Explanation
Forensic anthropologists specialize in studying skeletal remains (bones) to identify the deceased's age, sex, stature, and ancestry, earning them the nickname 'bone detectives'.
انسانی ہڈیوں کے ڈھانچے کا مطالعہ کرنے والے اور لاوارث لاشوں کی شناخت کرنے والے ماہرین کو فارنزک اینتھروپولوجسٹ (Forensic Anthropologist) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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250📚📜 HistoryAncient Indian Literature
In which language was the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita originally written?
Explanation
The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata, was originally written in Classical Sanskrit.
شریمد بھگواد گیتا، جو مہابھارت کا ایک حصہ ہے، بنیادی طور پر سنسکرت (Sanskrit) زبان میں لکھی گئی تھی۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌲 Forest Ecology and Environment Department
251📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History
'Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement?
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942, giving the famous slogan 'Do or Die' during his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.
مہاتما گاندھی نے 8 اگست 1942 کو ہندوستان چھوڑو تحریک (Quit India Movement) کے آغاز پر ممبئی میں اپنے خطاب کے دوران 'کرو یا مرو' کا مشہور نعرہ دیا تھا۔
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252📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity
How many types of Fundamental rights are provided by Indian Constitution?
Explanation
Originally, the Indian Constitution provided seven fundamental rights, but the Right to Property was deleted by the 44th Amendment in 1978. Currently, there are six fundamental rights.
ہندوستانی آئین کے تحت شہریوں کو 6 بنیادی حقوق (Fundamental Rights) فراہم کیے گئے ہیں۔ 1978 میں 44 ویں ترمیم کے ذریعے جائیداد کے حق کو بنیادی حقوق سے خارج کر دیا گیا تھا۔
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253📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity
At present how many Fundamental Duties are in the Constitution of India?
Explanation
Originally, 10 Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002 added the 11th duty, making the current total 11.
آئینِ ہند کے تحت اس وقت 11 بنیادی فرائض (Fundamental Duties) درج ہیں۔ 2002 میں 86 ویں آئینی ترمیم کے ذریعے 11 واں فرض شامل کیا گیا تھا۔
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254📚🗺️ GeographyJ&K Geography
Pampore uplands, locally called 'wudar' in Sri Nagar, Jammu and Kashmir are a great source of revenue from which among the following?
Explanation
The Pampore uplands (known locally as 'wudar' or Karewas) in Kashmir are the primary saffron-growing areas, generating significant economic revenue through agriculture.
سرینگر کے قریب پامپور کی بالائی زمینیں (جنہیں مقامی طور پر 'وڈار' کہا جاتا ہے) زعفران (Saffron) کی پیداوار کا بڑا مرکز ہیں اور آمدنی کا اہم ذریعہ ہیں۔
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255📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
As per the passage, which of the following statements are true?
1. Most of the plastic present in the ocean today has originated from the land.
2. In recent years, the production of plastics has declined.
3. Plastic pollution is present on almost every beach.
Explanation
According to the passage, the plastic waste in the oceans mostly originates from the land (Statement 1) and a simple walk on any beach shows plastic waste is present (Statement 3). Statement 2 is false because global production continues to rise.
اقتباس کے مطابق، سمندروں میں زیادہ تر پلاسٹک زمین سے آتا ہے (بیان 1) اور پلاسٹک کی آلودگی دنیا کے ہر ساحل پر دیکھی جا سکتی ہے (بیان 3)۔ پلاسٹک کی پیداوار میں کمی نہیں بلکہ اضافہ ہو رہا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌲 Forest Ecology and Environment Department
256📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
Which organisation has quantified the input of plastic waste from land into the ocean? As mentioned in the passage.
Explanation
The passage mentions that the study quantifying the input of plastic waste from land into the ocean was conducted by a scientific working group at UC Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS).
اقتباس میں واضح طور پر لکھا ہے کہ یو سی سانتا باربرا کے نیشنل سینٹر فار ایکولوجیکل انالیسس اینڈ سنتھیسس (NCEAS) نے سمندر میں جانے والے پلاسٹک کی مقدار کا تعین کیا ہے۔
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257📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank: "________ unit means a measurement."
Explanation
The word 'unit' begins with a consonant sound /juː/ (like 'Y-o-u'), so the indefinite article 'a' is used before it.
چونکہ لفظ 'unit' کی آواز ایک کانسوننٹ (consonant) یعنی 'یو' (Y-o-u) سے شروع ہوتی ہے، اس لیے اس کے ساتھ آرٹیکل 'a' استعمال ہوگا۔
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258📚📝 EnglishConjunctions
Fill in the blank: She is going to look after the cat ________ I am away on holiday.
Explanation
The conjunction 'while' is used to show that two events are happening at the same time: looking after the cat and being away on holiday.
لفظ 'while' کا استعمال یہ ظاہر کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے کہ جب میں چھٹیوں پر ہوں، تو وہ بلی کی دیکھ بھال کرے گی۔
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259📚🧩 ReasoningLetter Series
Fill in the blank in series: CMM, EOO, GQQ, ________
Explanation
The pattern for each letter position is:
1st letter: C (+2) -> E (+2) -> G (+2) -> I
2nd letter: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
3rd letter: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
Therefore, the next term is ISS.
سیریز کا اصول درج ذیل ہے:
پہلا حرف: C (+2) -> E (+2) -> G (+2) -> I
دوسرا اور تیسرا حرف: M (+2) -> O (+2) -> Q (+2) -> S
اس طرح اگلا لفظ 'ISS' ہوگا۔
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260📚🔢 MathAverage
The average of runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he make in his next innings so as to increase his average of runs by 4?
Explanation
Total runs in 10 innings = 10 32 = 320. To increase the average by 4 runs in the 11th inning (new average = 36), total runs needed = 11 36 = 396. Runs required in the 11th inning = 396 - 320 = 76 runs.
10 اننگز کے کل رنز = 320۔ 11ویں اننگز کے بعد اوسط 36 ہونی چاہیے، یعنی کل رنز = 396۔ مطلوبہ رنز = 396 - 320 = 76۔
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261📚💻 ComputerInternet & Networking
What is the full form of HTTPS?
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure version of HTTP, utilizing SSL/TLS for encryption of communications.
HTTPS کا مخفف Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure ہے۔ یہ انٹرنیٹ پر محفوظ مواصلات کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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262📚💻 ComputerOperating System
GUI means
Explanation
GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. It allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators instead of text-based command lines.
GUI کا مطلب Graphical User Interface (گرافیکل یوزر انٹرفیس) ہے، جو تصاویر اور آئیکنز کے ذریعے کمپیوٹر استعمال کرنے کی سہولت دیتا ہے۔
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263📚💻 ComputerMS Office
How many users can open the Excel file at the same time?
Explanation
In Microsoft Excel, the shared workbook feature allows up to 256 users to open, view, and edit a workbook concurrently.
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسل میں شیئرڈ ورک بک کی خصوصیت کے تحت ایک ہی وقت میں زیادہ سے زیادہ 256 صارفین (256 users) فائل کھول اور ایڈٹ کر سکتے ہیں۔
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264📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography
The capital of Lakshadweep is
Explanation
Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Port Blair is Andaman and Nicobar's capital, Silvassa is Dadra and Nagar Haveli's capital.
کاواراتی (Kavaratti) لکشدیپ کا دارالحکومت ہے۔ پورٹ بلیئر انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کا دارالحکومت ہے۔
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265📚🗺️ GeographyCensus of India 2011
According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔
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266📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography
In which of the following states is the Sambhar lake located?
Explanation
Sambhar Salt Lake is India's largest inland salt lake, situated in Rajasthan, near Jaipur.
سانبھر جھیل (Sambhar Lake) ہندوستان کی سب سے بڑی اندرونی نمکین پانی کی جھیل ہے، جو راجستھان میں واقع ہے۔
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267📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Rearrange the parts P, Q, R and S to form the correct sentence:
"The national unity of a free people..."
P: to make it impracticable
Q: for there to be an arbitrary administration
R: depends upon a sufficiently even balance in political power
S: against a revolutionary opposition that is irreconcilably opposed to it
Explanation
The correct sequence is RPQS. The complete sentence is: 'The national unity of a free people depends upon a sufficiently even balance in political power to make it impracticable for there to be an arbitrary administration against a revolutionary opposition that is irreconcilably opposed to it.'
جملے کی درست ترتیب RPQS ہے، جو ایک مربوط اور با معنی جملہ بناتی ہے۔
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268📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blanks: ________ children recited ________ poem in ________ honour of ________ Prime Minister.
Explanation
The complete sentence is: 'The children recited a poem in the honour of the Prime Minister.' (Note: the printed question text had only three blanks, but the options had four article items. It is resolved by placing 'the' before children, 'a' before poem, 'the' before honour, and 'the' before Prime Minister).
صحیح جملہ یہ ہے: 'The children recited a poem in the honour of the Prime Minister.' یعنی آپشن D درست ہے۔
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269📚📝 EnglishHomophones & Vocabulary
Fill in the blank: He left meeting in a fit of ________ (Note: the printed question had the typo 'feet of' instead of 'fit of').
Explanation
The idiom is 'in a fit of pique', meaning a sudden state of irritation, resentment, or anger.
محاورہ 'in a fit of pique' (غصے یا ناراضگی کے عالم میں) ہے۔ لہذا Pique (ہجے: P-I-Q-U-E) درست جواب ہے۔
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270📚📝 EnglishTenses & Verbs
Fill in the blank: Ai Ling ________ to Manhattan in 1997. (Note: the printed question had the typo 'is 1997' instead of 'in 1997').
Explanation
Since the sentence refers to a completed past event in a specific year (1997), the simple past tense in passive voice ('was transferred') is correct.
چونکہ یہ 1997 کا واقعہ ہے، اس لیے ماضی مجہول (Simple Past Passive) یعنی 'was transferred' استعمال ہوگا۔
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271📚📝 EnglishVocabulary
Fill in the blank: Chaotic in conception but not in ________, Kelly's canvases are as neat as the proverbial pin.
Explanation
The sentence contrasts the initial abstract ideas ('conception') with the final physical creation ('execution'). If the canvases are neat as a pin, the execution is neat, despite a chaotic conception.
جملے میں تصور (conception) اور عملدرآمد (execution) کا تضاد دکھایا گیا ہے۔ صاف ستھری پینٹنگز کے لیے 'execution' درست لفظ ہے۔
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272📚🧩 ReasoningVenn Diagram
There are four intersecting circles in the diagram, each representing people who can read and write English, Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi. People who can read and write all the languages can be represented by?
Explanation
In the standard configuration of four overlapping circles representing English, Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi, the letter representing the central intersection of all four circles is 'M'.
چاروں زبانیں پڑھنے اور لکھنے والے افراد کے مشترکہ علاقے کو مرکزی انٹربینڈ 'M' سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔
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273📚🧩 ReasoningVenn Diagram
Using the language Venn diagram parameters: A=40, G=2E, C=2A, E=(1/2)A, how many people know Urdu or Punjabi?
Explanation
Based on the given parameters: A = 40, C = 80, E = 20, G = 40. In this standard logical diagram puzzle, the total number of people who know Urdu or Punjabi corresponds to 60.
دیے گئے پیرامیٹرز کے تحت: A=40، C=80، E=20، G=40۔ اس ڈایاگرام پہیلی کا حل 60 ہے۔
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274📚🧩 ReasoningCoding-Decoding
If in a certain language, EXECUTIVE is coded as TCIEUXVEE then how is MAUSOLEUM coded in that language?
Explanation
The letter positions of the 9-letter word are rearranged using the index mapping [6, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 9]. Applying this to MAUSOLEUM (M=1, A=2, U=3, S=4, O=5, L=6, E=7, U=8, M=9) gives L(6) S(4) E(7) U(3) O(5) A(2) U(8) M(1) M(9) = LSEUOAUMM.
اس کوڈنگ میں 9 حروف پر مشتمل لفظ کو انڈیکس [6, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 9] کے تحت تبدیل کیا گیا ہے، جس سے MAUSOLEUM بدل کر LSEUOAUMM بن جاتا ہے۔
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275📚🔢 MathSimple Interest
A man invests an amount of Rs. 15,860 in the names of his three sons A, B and C in such a way that they get the same amount (interest) after 2, 3 and 4 years respectively. If the rate of simple interest is 5%, then the ratio of amounts invested among A, B and C will be
Explanation
This question mistakenly equates 'amount' with 'interest'. For equal simple interest: P_A 2 5 = P_B 3 5 = P_C 4 5 => 2P_A = 3P_B = 4P_C. Ratio = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4 = 6:4:3. (If equal total amount, ratio would be 276:264:253).
اگر سود یکساں ہو تو: 2PA=3PB=4PC    PA:PB:PC=1/2:1/3:1/4=6:4:32 P_A = 3 P_B = 4 P_C \implies P_A:P_B:P_C = 1/2:1/3:1/4 = 6:4:3۔
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276📚🔢 MathGeometry
How many sides does a polygon have if the measure of each interior angle is 8 times the measure of each exterior angle?
Explanation
Let exterior angle be x. Interior angle is 8x. Since interior + exterior = 180°, x + 8x = 180° => 9x = 180° => x = 20°. The number of sides n = 360° / exterior angle = 360° / 20° = 18.
اندرونی اور بیرونی زاویوں کا مجموعہ 180180^{\circ} ہوتا ہے: x+8x=180    9x=180    x=20x + 8x = 180^{\circ} \implies 9x = 180^{\circ} \implies x = 20^{\circ}۔ اضلاع کی تعداد = 360/20=18360/20 = 18۔
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277📚💻 ComputerComputer Hardware & Memory
The speed of computer is usually measured in
Explanation
Processor clock speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz), which indicates how many instruction cycles the CPU can execute per second.
کمپیوٹر پروسیسر کی رفتار عام طور پر میگا ہرٹز (MHz) یا گیگا ہرٹز (GHz) میں ماپی جاتی ہے۔
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278📚💻 ComputerInternet & Security
Digital signature service that has been launched on Aadhar platform is called
Explanation
eSign or eSignDesk is the online electronic signature service in India that allows Aadhaar holders to digitally sign documents instantly.
آدھار پلیٹ فارم پر شروع کی گئی ڈیجیٹل دستخط کی سروس کو ای سائن ڈیسک (eSignDesk / eSign) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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279📚📝 EnglishHomophones
Choose the correct homophone to complete the sentence.

The _____ predicted a future where a great heat would _____ the land, leaving it dry and _____
Explanation
'Seer' means a prophet or fortune teller. 'Sear' means to burn or wither. 'Sere' means dry or withered. The correct order is: seer, sear, sere.
'Seer' کا مطلب ہے غیب دان/پیشگوئی کرنے والا۔ 'Sear' کا مطلب ہے جلانا۔ 'Sere' کا مطلب ہے خشک/مرجھایا ہوا سن۔ صحیح ترتیب ہے: seer, sear, sere۔
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280📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verb in the sentence below.

She was feeling unwell, but after some rest, she managed to _____
Explanation
'Come around' means to recover consciousness or return to a normal healthy state after feeling unwell.
'Come around' کا مطلب ہے ہوش میں آنا یا طبیعت کا بحال ہونا۔
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281📚🌍 General AwarenessInventions
Which of the following options correctly matches the inventor with their important invention and discovery?

- i) Karl Landsteiner: 1) Laser
- ii) Theodore Maiman: 2) Atom Bomb
- iii) Hubert Cecil Booth: 3) Blood Group
- iv) Julius Robert Oppenheimer: 4) Vacuum Cleaner
Explanation
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups (i-3), Theodore Maiman invented the laser (ii-1), Hubert Cecil Booth invented the vacuum cleaner (iii-4), and J. Robert Oppenheimer led the invention of the atom bomb (iv-2).
کارل لینڈ سٹائنر نے بلڈ گروپ دریافت کیا (i-3)، تھیوڈور میمن نے لیزر ایجاد کی (ii-1)، ہیوبرٹ بوتھ نے ویکیوم کلینر ایجاد کیا (iii-4)، اور اوپن ہائیمر نے ایٹم بم بنایا (iv-2)۔
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282📚🏛️ CivicsPolity
Which language is primarily used for delivering judgments and legal documentation in the Supreme Court of India?
Explanation
Article 348(1) of the Constitution of India provides that all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be in the English language.
آئین ہند کی دفعہ 348(1) کے تحت سپریم کورٹ کی تمام کارروائیاں اور فیصلے انگریزی زبان میں ہوں گے۔
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283📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations
Match the International Organizations with their respective Headquarters:

- i) United Nations Organization (UNO): 1) Kathmandu, Nepal
- ii) World Health Organization (WHO): 2) Geneva, Switzerland
- iii) United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 3) New York, US
- iv) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): 4) Paris, France
Explanation
UNO headquarters is in New York (i-3), WHO is in Geneva (ii-2), UNESCO is in Paris (iii-4), and SAARC is in Kathmandu (iv-1).
اقوام متحدہ کا ہیڈکوارٹر نیویارک میں ہے (i-3)، ڈبلیو ایچ او جنیوا میں ہے (ii-2)، یونیسکو پیرس میں ہے (iii-4)، اور سارک کاٹھمنڈو میں ہے (iv-1)۔
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284📚🌍 General AwarenessAwards
Match the key Awardees of Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar with their corresponding Achievements:

- i) G. Padmanabhan: 1) Star clusters and galaxies
- ii) Chandrayaan-3 Team: 2) Malaria parasites
- iii) Annapurni Subramaniam: 3) Carbon capture
- iv) Vivek Polshettiwar: 4) Spacecraft landing
Explanation
G. Padmanabhan worked in biological sciences/malaria parasites (i-2); Chandrayaan-3 Team successfully landed the spacecraft on the Moon (ii-4); Annapurni Subramaniam worked on star clusters and galaxies (iii-1); and Vivek Polshettiwar worked on carbon capture (iv-3).
جی پدمنابھن کا کام ملیریا پر ہے (i-2)؛ چندریان 3 ٹیم نے چاند پر کامیاب لینڈنگ کی (ii-4)؛ اناپورنی سبرامنیم نے کہکشاؤں اور ستاروں پر کام کیا (iii-1)؛ اور وویک پولشیٹیوار نے کاربن کیپچر پر کام کیا (iv-3)۔
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285📚🔢 MathPercentages
If 60% of the students in a class scored above 80%, and there are 120 students, how many scored below 80%?
Explanation
If 60% scored above 80%, the remaining 40% scored below 80%. Number of students = 40% of 120 = 0.40 * 120 = 48.
اگر 60% نے 80% سے اوپر نمبر حاصل کیے ہیں، تو باقی 40% نے 80% سے کم حاصل کیے۔ طلبہ کی تعداد = 120 کا 40% = 48۔
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286📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Mr. Kunal who is the founder of Verma Enterprises, is the son of Mr. Ravi Verma and grandson of Mr. Suraj Verma. The current Managing Director of Verma Enterprises is Ms. Ritu, who is the daughter of Sangeeta. Sangeeta is the daughter of Mr. Suraj Verma's wife. What is the relationship between Mr. Kunal and Ms. Ritu?
Explanation
Suraj Verma and his wife are the grandparents. Ravi Verma (Kunal's father) and Sangeeta (Ritu's mother) are brother and sister (children of Suraj Verma). Therefore, Kunal and Ritu are cousins.
سورج ورما دادا ہیں۔ روی ورما (کونال کے والد) اور سنگیتا (ریتو کی والدہ) بھائی بہن ہیں۔ اس طرح کونال اور ریتو کزن (cousins) ہیں۔
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287📚💻 ComputerInternet and Emails
The deleted e-mails can be found in which folder?
Explanation
Deleted emails are temporarily stored in the 'Trash' (or Bin) folder before being permanently deleted.
حذف شدہ ای میلز مستقل طور پر ختم ہونے سے پہلے عارضی طور پر 'Trash' فولڈر میں محفوظ رہتی ہیں۔
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288📚💻 ComputerInternet and Emails
What is the full form of internet?
Explanation
The full form of Internet is Interconnected Network, representing a global system of interconnected computers.
انٹرنیٹ کا مکمل نام انٹر کنیکٹڈ نیٹ ورک (Interconnected Network) ہے جو کہ عالمی نیٹ ورکوں کا نیٹ ورک ہے۔
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289📚💻 ComputerOperating Systems
Select the correct match:

- i) The processing time of this OS is consistent and predictable: 1. Real time OS
- ii) This feature of Windows lets you check the performance of your computer: 2. Symbian
- iii) This OS provides a GUI to the users: 3. Task manager
- iv) This OS is specifically designed for mobile phones: 4. Interactive OS
Explanation
Real-time OS has consistent processing times (i-1); Task manager checks system performance (ii-3); Interactive OS provides GUI (iii-4); Symbian was an early OS for mobile phones (iv-2). This matches i-1, ii-3, iii-4, iv-2.
ریئل ٹائم OS کا پروسیسنگ وقت مسلسل ہوتا ہے (i-1)؛ ٹاسک مینیجر کارکردگی جانچتا ہے (ii-3)؛ انٹرایکٹو OS جی یو آئی فراہم کرتا ہے (iii-4)؛ اور سمبین موبائل فونز کا آپریٹنگ سسٹم تھا (iv-2)۔
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290📚🧬 BiologyFreedom Struggle
Who founded the association 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' to help foster revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youth in 1926?
Explanation
Bhagat Singh founded the 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' in March 1926 with the aim of fostering revolutionary actions against the British Raj by uniting youth.
بھگت سنگھ نے مارچ 1926 میں نوجوان بھارت سبھا کی بنیاد رکھی تاکہ برطانوی راج کے خلاف انقلاب کو فروغ دیا جا سکے۔
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291📚🔬 Forensic ScienceGovernment Schemes
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna was launched in:
Explanation
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 1, 2016, in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
وزیر اعظم اجولا یوجنا کا آغاز یکم مئی 2016 کو اتر پردیش کے بلیا میں کیا گیا تھا تاکہ غریب خاندانوں کو مفت ایل پی جی گیس فراہم کی جا سکے۔
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292📚🧩 ReasoningAlphanumeric Series
F2, _____, D8, C16, B32. What term should fill the blank?
Explanation
The letters decrease backward: F -> E -> D -> C -> B. The numbers double: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32. Thus, the missing term is E4.
حروف پیچھے کی طرف گنتی میں ہیں: F -> E -> D -> C -> B اور ہندسے دوگنا ہو رہے ہیں: 2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16 -> 32۔ لہذا خالی جگہ پر E4 آئے گا۔
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293📚🧩 ReasoningCoding Decoding
In a certain code language, BOARD is written as EQBNC. How will the word CLIMB be written in that language?
Explanation
The pattern is:
- B (+3) -> E
- O (+2) -> Q
- A (+1) -> B
- R (-4) -> N
- D (-1) -> C
Applying this pattern to CLIMB:
- C (+3) -> F
- L (+2) -> N
- I (+1) -> J
- M (+5) -> R (or looking at initial letters F, N, J in option D)
- B (+13) -> O
Matches FNJRO.
پٹرن مندرجہ ذیل ہے:
- B (+3) -> E، O (+2) -> Q، A (+1) -> B، اور آگے بھی۔
اسی طرح CLIMB کو تبدیل کرنے پر پہلا حرف F، دوسرا N، اور تیسرا J حاصل ہوتا ہے، جو کہ صرف آپشن D (FNJRO) میں ہے۔
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294📚⚛️ PhysicsOptics
The laws of reflection hold good for
Explanation
The laws of reflection (angle of incidence equals angle of reflection) apply to all reflecting surfaces, including plane and curved/spherical mirrors.
انعکاس کے قوانین (laws of reflection) تمام آئینے کی سطحوں پر لاگو ہوتے ہیں، خواہ وہ سیدھے (plane) ہوں یا گول (curved)۔
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295📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science
Changing the overall sensitivity of the image is:
Explanation
Brightness adaptation is the ability of the human visual system (and camera systems) to adjust its sensitivity to changes in overall light levels.
روشنی کے عمومی پھیلاؤ کے مطابق تصویر یا آنکھ کی حساسیت بدلنے کو 'Brightness adaptation' کہتے ہیں۔
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296📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science
What is the aeroplane flying height to obtain the average scale of the photograph equal to 1/7200? (Ground surface elevations vary from 160 m to 430 m and focal length of the camera lens is 153 mm)
Explanation
Average ground elevation h = (160 + 430)/2 = 295 m. Scale S = f / (H - h) => 1/7200 = 0.153 / (H - 295) => H - 295 = 7200 * 0.153 = 1101.6 m => H = 1396.6 m ~ 1397 m.
اوسط بلندی h = 295 میٹر۔ فارمولا Scale = f / (H - h)۔ حل کرنے پر ہوائی جہاز کی بلندی H = 1397 میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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297📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science
George Eastman introduced _____ in August 1888.
Explanation
George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera in August 1888, which utilized roll film and made photography accessible to the public.
جارج ایسٹ مین نے اگست 1888 میں پہلا رول فلم کیمرہ (Kodak) متعارف کرایا تھا، جس نے فوٹو گرافی کو عام کیا۔
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298📚🔬 Forensic SciencePhotography Science
Daylight colour film is balanced for light at
Explanation
Daylight color film is balanced for daylight color temperatures, which is standard at 5400K to 5500K.
ڈے لائٹ کلر فلم دن کی روشنی (5400 سے 5500 کیلون) پر متوازن کی جاتی ہے۔
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299📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options. John decided to enroll in _____ MBA program at _____ University to enhance his business skills.
Explanation
Use 'an' before 'MBA' because it begins with a vowel sound (/ɛm/). Use 'a' before 'University' because it begins with a consonant sound (/juː/).
پروگرام میں 'MBA' سے پہلے 'an' لگے گا کیونکہ اس کا تلفظ حرفِ علت کی آواز (/ɛm/) سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔ 'University' سے پہلے 'a' لگے گا کیونکہ اس کا تلفظ حرفِ صحیح کی آواز (/juː/) سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔
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300📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options. I work at _____ company in New York. _____ company is called Global Tech Solutions.
Explanation
'a' is used for the first mention of a non-specific singular countable noun ('a company'). 'the' is used for the second mention because the company has now been specified.
پہلی بار کسی غیر مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر کرنے کے لیے 'a company' استعمال ہوگا، اور جب دوسری بار اسی مخصوص کمپنی کا ذکر ہو تو 'the company' استعمال ہوگا۔
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301📚📝 EnglishHomonyms
Match the following pairs regarding homonyms and their meaning:

i. Stalk | 1. A site for mining stone
ii. Ream | 2. A tree's outer layer is composed of dead cells
iii. Quarry | 3. A kitchen utensil used to extract juice from citrus fruits.
iv. Bark | 4. Vertical stem or connecting part of a plant
Explanation
Stalk matches 4 (plant stem). Ream matches 3 (kitchen tool / juicer). Quarry matches 1 (stone mine). Bark matches 2 (tree outer layer). This corresponds to i-4, ii-3, iii-1, iv-2.
درست جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: Stalk کا مطلب پودے کا تنا (4)، Ream کا مطلب لیموں وغیرہ نچوڑنے کا آلہ (3)، Quarry کا مطلب پتھر کی کان (1)، اور Bark کا مطلب درخت کی چھال (2)۔ یہ ترتیب i-4, ii-3, iii-1, iv-2 بنتی ہے۔
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302📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. He has been in the hospital for several days, but the doctors are hopeful that he will _____
Explanation
'Pull through' is a phrasal verb that means to get through an illness or other dangerous/difficult situation safely.
'Pull through' کا مطلب کسی بیماری یا خطرناک صورتحال سے بحفاظت باہر نکل آنا یا صحت یاب ہو جانا ہے۔
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303📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs in the below sentence. Maya always felt that people _____ her because of her unconventional career choice.
Explanation
'Look down upon' means to think that other people are inferior or less important than oneself.
'Look down upon' کا مطلب کسی کو حقارت یا کم تر نظر سے دیکھنا ہے۔
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304📚📝 EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below. As they navigated through the dense forest, they stumbled _____ an ancient ruin that was hidden beneath the overgrown vegetation.
Explanation
To 'stumble upon' something is a phrasal verb/preposition combination that means to discover something by chance.
'Stumble upon' کا مطلب ہے اچانک یا اتفاقاً کوئی چیز دریافت کر لینا یا اس سے ٹکرا جانا۔
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305📚📝 EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below. She walked _____ the bustling market, taking in the vibrant colors and enticing scents of fresh produce and spices.
Explanation
To walk 'through' a location means to enter it and move to the other side or move around inside it, which fits a market context.
بازار کے ایک سرے سے دوسرے سرے تک گزرنے یا اس کے اندر چلنے کے لیے 'through' (کے درمیان سے / کے ذریعے) کا استعمال بالکل درست ہے۔
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306📚🌍 General AwarenessFamous Personalities
The Indian to beat the computers in mathematical wizardry is
Explanation
Shakuntala Devi was an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the 'Human Computer' for her capability to solve complex math problems rapidly.
شکنتلا دیوی کو ریاضی کے پیچیدہ سوالات کمپیوٹر سے بھی تیز حل کرنے کی وجہ سے 'ہیومن کمپیوٹر' کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
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307📚🌍 General AwarenessLanguages of India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which state of India?
Explanation
Bodo is an official language spoken mainly by the Bodo people in the state of Assam in Northeast India. It is also listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ہندوستان کی شمال مشرقی ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ یہ آئین ہند کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں شامل ہے۔
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308📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations
What is the name of the UN body that settles legal disputes between member states?
Explanation
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations that settles legal disputes between states.
بین الاقوامی عدالتِ انصاف (ICJ)، جو ہالینڈ کے شہر ہیگ میں واقع ہے، اقوام متحدہ کا بنیادی عدالتی ادارہ ہے جو رکن ممالک کے درمیان تنازعات کو حل کرتا ہے۔
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309📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations
Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?
Explanation
Myanmar is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The 8 SAARC members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
میانمار (Myanmar) سارک (SAARC) کا رکن نہیں ہے۔ سارک کے 8 رکن ممالک میں افغانستان، بنگلہ دیش، بھوٹان، بھارت، مالدیپ، نیپال، پاکستان اور سری لنکا شامل ہیں۔
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310📚⚗️ ChemistryVitamins
Vitamin B Complex consists of how many vitamins?
Explanation
The Vitamin B complex consists of 8 distinct B vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12 (cobalamin).
وٹامن بی کمپلیکس (Vitamin B Complex) کل 8 الگ وٹامنز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 اور B12۔
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311📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity
The first woman Governor of a state in free India was
Explanation
Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to become the Governor of an Indian state (United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh) in independent India, from 1947 to 1949.
سروجنی نائیڈو آزاد ہندوستان کی پہلی خاتون گورنر تھیں، جنہوں نے متحدہ صوبہ (موجودہ اتر پردیش) کی گورنر کے طور پر خدمات انجام دیں۔
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312📚🗺️ GeographyGeography Terms
The fertile land between two rivers is called
Explanation
The fertile tract of land lying between two converging rivers is known as a 'Doab' (from Persic: do = two, ab = water).
دو دریاؤں کے درمیان واقع زرخیز زمین کو 'دواب' (Doab) کہا جاتا ہے (جیسے پنجاب کا خطہ)۔
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313📚🗺️ GeographyAgriculture
Where is Central Agriculture University situated?
Explanation
The Central Agricultural University (CAU) is located in Imphal, Manipur, established under the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992.
مرکزی زرعی یونیورسٹی (Central Agricultural University) منی پور کے دارالحکومت امفال (Imphal) میں واقع ہے۔
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314📚🌍 General AwarenessJ&K Heritage
Consider the following statements.
I) Shri Raghunathji Mandir, Jammu is one of the largest temple complexs in Northern India.
II) The temple was built in 1857 by Maharaja Hari Singh.
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect because the Raghunath Temple complex construction was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1853 and completed by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 (not by Maharaja Hari Singh, who ruled much later).
بیان I درست ہے؛ رگھوناتھ مندر جموں و کشمیر اور شمالی ہند کے بڑے مندروں میں سے ہے۔ بیان II غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مندر مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے شروع کروایا اور مہاراجہ رنبیر سنگھ نے مکمل کروایا (نہ کہ مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ نے)۔
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315📚🔢 MathPercentages
A man's wage was reduced by 50%. Again the reduced wage was increased by 50%. Find his loss in terms of percentage.
Explanation
Let the initial wage be 100. Reduced wage = 100 0.5 = 50. New increased wage = 50 1.5 = 75. Loss = 100 - 75 = 25%.
فرض کریں ابتدائی تنخواہ 100 ہے۔ تنخواہ میں 50% کمی کے بعد یہ 50 ہو گئی۔ اب اس 50 میں 50% کا اضافہ کرنے پر یہ 75 ہو گئی۔ کل نقصان = 100 - 75 = 25%۔
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316📚🔢 MathProfit and Loss
A television manufacturer earns 20% profit by selling each T.V. set for Rs. 14400. If the production cost is increased by 15%, what should be the new selling price of a set so as to gain 15%?
Explanation
CP of TV = 14400 / 1.20 = Rs. 12000. New CP = 12000 1.15 = Rs. 13800. New SP for 15% profit = 13800 1.15 = Rs. 15870.
ٹی وی کی لاگت قیمت = 14400 / 1.20 = 12000 روپے۔ لاگت میں 15% اضافہ ہونے پر نئی قیمت = 13800 روپے۔ 15% منافع حاصل کرنے کے لیے نئی فروخت قیمت = 13800 * 1.15 = 15870 روپے۔
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317📚🔢 MathRatio and Proportion
Five mangoes and four oranges cost as much as three mangoes and seven oranges. What is the ratio of the cost of one mango to the cost of one orange?
Explanation
Let M be cost of a mango, O be cost of an orange. 5M + 4O = 3M + 7O => 2M = 3O => M/O = 3/2 or 3:2.
فرض کریں آم کی قیمت M اور مالٹے کی قیمت O ہے۔ 5M + 4O = 3M + 7O جس سے 2M = 3O حاصل ہوتا ہے۔ تب M:O = 3:2 ہوگا۔
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318📚🧩 ReasoningCoding-Decoding
In a certain code language, 'FARM' is coded as HDTP and 'EGGS' is coded as GJIV. How will 'FOOD' be coded in the same language?
Explanation
The coding pattern is an alternating shift of +2 and +3 for letters: F(+2)->H, A(+3)->D, R(+2)->T, M(+3)->P. Applying this to FOOD: F(+2)->H, O(+3)->R, O(+2)->Q, D(+3)->G. So, FOOD is coded as HRQG.
کوڈنگ کا پٹرن باری باری +2 اور +3 حروف آگے بڑھانا ہے: F(+2)->H, A(+3)->D۔ اسی طرح FOOD کے لیے: F(+2)->H, O(+3)->R, O(+2)->Q, D(+3)->G بنتا ہے۔ کوڈ 'HRQG' ہے۔
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319📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a man, Rocky (a man) said, "He is the father of the daughter of my daughter-in-law." How Rocky is related to that man?
Explanation
'my daughter-in-law's daughter' is Rocky's granddaughter. The father of his granddaughter is his son. Rocky (being a male) is the father of that man.
راکھی کہتا ہے: 'میری بہو کی بیٹی کا باپ'۔ بہو کی بیٹی پوتی ہوئی، اور پوتی کا باپ راکھی کا بیٹا ہوا۔ چونکہ راکھی مرد ہے، اس لیے وہ اس شخص کا باپ (Father) ہوگا۔
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320📚💻 ComputerSearch Engines
An example of an 'Internet search engine' is:
Explanation
Yahoo is a web search engine, whereas Linux and Windows are Operating Systems, and MS Excel is an application spreadsheet software.
یاہو (Yahoo) ایک ویب سرچ انجن ہے، جبکہ ونڈوز اور لینکس آپریٹنگ سسٹم ہیں اور ایکسل ایک ایپلیکیشن سافٹ ویئر ہے۔
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321📚💻 ComputerNetwork Services
Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
Explanation
Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network connections to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
ٹیل نیٹ (Telnet) وہ سروس ہے جو کسی صارف کو نیٹ ورک پر موجود کسی دوسرے کمپیوٹر میں لاگ ان ہونے اور اسے کنٹرول کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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322📚💻 ComputerProtocols
The "S" in HTTPS stands for?
Explanation
In HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), the 'S' stands for 'Secure', indicating that the communications are encrypted using SSL/TLS.
HTTPS میں 'S' کا مطلب 'Secure' (محفوظ) ہے، جو یہ ظاہر کرتا ہے کہ ویب سائٹ کے ساتھ ڈیٹا کا تبادلہ خفیہ کاری (encryption) کے ذریعے محفوظ ہے۔
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323📚💻 ComputerURL
What is the URL of a website?
Explanation
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the unique address of a web resource (like a website) on the Internet.
یو آر ایل (URL) سے مراد انٹرنیٹ پر موجود کسی ویب سائٹ کا منفرد پتہ یا لوکیشن (address) ہے۔
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324📚💻 ComputerWeb Browsers
Which of these are web browsers?
Explanation
Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Brave are all software applications used to access the World Wide Web (web browsers).
گوگل کروم، انٹرنیٹ ایکسپلورر، اور بریو (Brave) یہ سب ویب براؤزر ہیں جن کے ذریعے انٹرنیٹ سرفنگ کی جاتی ہے۔
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325📚💻 ComputerProtocols
What does FTP stand for?
Explanation
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client.
ایف ٹی پی کا مطلب 'فائل ٹرانسفر پروٹوکول' (File Transfer Protocol) ہے، جو نیٹ ورک پر فائلوں کے تبادلے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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326📚💻 ComputerSoftware Types
Which of the following is designed to control the operations of a computer?
Explanation
System Software (like the Operating System) is designed to control and manage the hardware resources and basic operations of a computer system.
سسٹم سافٹ ویئر (جیسے آپریٹنگ سسٹم) کمپیوٹر کے بنیادی کاموں کو کنٹرول کرنے اور ہارڈ ویئر کو منظم کرنے کے لیے ڈیزائن کیا جاتا ہے۔
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327📚💻 ComputerCompilers
The compiler converts a program into
Explanation
A compiler converts high-level programming code into machine language (binary language: 0s and 1s) that the CPU can execute directly.
کمپائلر (Compiler) ہائی لیول پروگرامنگ کوڈ کو بائنری زبان (مشینی کوڈ - 0 اور 1) میں تبدیل کرتا ہے تاکہ سی پی یو اس پر براہ راست عمل کر سکے۔
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328📚💻 ComputerWWW
World Wide Web is a standard maintained by
Explanation
The standards and protocols for the World Wide Web are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium, commonly abbreviated as W3C.
ورلڈ وائیڈ ویب کے معیارات اور ضوابط W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) کے ذریعہ برقرار رکھے جاتے ہیں۔
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329📚💻 ComputerCybersecurity
Select the correct match:

i. A type of program that is created with the purpose of causing damage, stealing data or abusing computer system resources is known as | 1. Privacy
ii. means any email or communication that is intended to trick the recipient to disclose secret or sensitive information, such as password or account details | 2. Malware
iii. Protecting an original invention from being sold or used by others for a specific period of time is known as | 3. Phishing
iv. means your right to control your personal information and decide who can use the same | 4. Patents
Explanation
Damaging software is Malware (i-2). Trick communication is Phishing (ii-3). Invention protection is Patents (iii-4). Control over personal information is Privacy (iv-1). This corresponds to i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1.
درست مماثلت یہ ہے: نقصان پہنچانے والا سافٹ ویئر مالویئر ہے (i-2)، معلومات چرانے والا فریب فیشنگ ہے (ii-3)، ایجاد کا تحفظ پیٹنٹ ہے (iii-4) اور ذاتی معلومات کا کنٹرول پرائیویسی ہے (iv-1)۔ یہ ترتیب i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1 بنتی ہے۔
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330📚📝 EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank.

Everyone in this world is accountable to God _____ his actions.
Explanation
The preposition 'for' is used after 'accountable' to indicate the thing/actions a person is responsible for. Thus, 'accountable to God for his actions'.
کسی چیز یا عمل کے لیے جوابدہ ہونے کے واسطے 'accountable' کے بعد 'for' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ یعنی اپنے اعمال کے لیے خدا کے حضور جوابدہ ہونا۔
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331📚📝 EnglishVerbs
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The sky is quite overcast. We're _____ to have rain today.
Explanation
'We're likely to have rain today' is the correct idiomatic phrase indicating probability when the sky is overcast.
بادل چھائے ہونے کے بعد بارش کے قوی امکان کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'likely' (امکان ہونا) موزوں ترین لفظ ہے۔
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332📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History
In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?
Explanation
English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.
انگریزی کو 1835 کے انگلش ایجوکیشن ایکٹ کے تحت ہندوستان بھر میں سرکاری امورِ سلطنت کے لیے سرکاری زبان قرار دیا گیا تھا۔
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333📚🌍 General AwarenessInternational Organizations
Match the following International organization to its Headquarters.

1. INTERPOL - i. Lyon, France
2. WWF - ii. Montreal, Canada
3. EU - iii. Vaud, Switzerland
4. ICAO - iv. Brussels, Belgium

Match the above pairs appropriately.
Explanation
The correct matching is: INTERPOL - Lyon, France (1-i), WWF - Vaud, Switzerland (specifically Gland) (2-iii), EU - Brussels, Belgium (3-iv), and ICAO - Montreal, Canada (4-ii). This matches option B.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: انٹرپول - لیون، فرانس (1-i)، ورلڈ وائلڈ لائف فنڈ (WWF) - ووڈ، سوئٹزرلینڈ (2-iii)، یورپی یونین (EU) - برسلز، بیلجیم (3-iv) اور آئی سی اے او (ICAO) - مونٹریال، کینیڈا (4-ii)۔ یہ آپشن B ہے۔
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334📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.
Explanation
Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.
فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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335📚🧩 ReasoningLetter Series
Find the missing letters in the following sequence in the correct order:

abca_bcaab_ca_bbc_a
Explanation
The sequence repeats an expanding group: 'abc' / 'aabc' / 'aabbc' / 'aabbcc' / 'a'. Filling in 'abac' at the blank positions completes this pattern: abca(a)bcaab(b)ca(a)bbc(c)a.
یہ سلسلہ بتدریج پھیلنے والے حروف کے گروپ پر مشتمل ہے: abc / aabc / aabbc / aabbcc / a۔ خالی جگہوں پر 'abac' بھرنے سے یہ ترتیب مکمل ہو جاتی ہے۔
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336📚🧩 ReasoningCoding-Decoding
If in a certain language PROSE is coded as PPOQE, how is LIGHT coded in that code?
Explanation
The pattern is: odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th) remain unchanged (P->P, O->O, E->E), while even positions (2nd, 4th) are shifted 2 letters backward (R - 2 = P, S - 2 = Q). Applying this to LIGHT: L->L, I-2->G, G->G, H-2->F, T->T. Result: LGGFT.
پیٹرن یہ ہے: طاق پوزیشنوں (1st, 3rd, 5th) کے حروف تبدیل نہیں ہوتے، جبکہ جفت پوزیشنوں (2nd, 4th) کے حروف 2 مقام پیچھے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ اس اصول کے تحت LIGHT کا کوڈ LGGFT بنے گا۔
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337📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Introducing a woman, a man said, "Her husband is the only son of my father". How is that woman related to the man?
Explanation
The 'only son of my father' for a man is the man himself. Therefore, the woman's husband is the man himself, meaning she is his wife.
ایک مرد کے لیے 'میرے والد کا اکلوتا بیٹا' وہ خود ہے۔ اس لیے، اس عورت کا شوہر وہ خود ہے، یعنی وہ عورت اس کی بیوی (Wife) ہے۔
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338📚🧩 ReasoningAssertion & Reason
For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative

Assertion (A): Simla is colder than Delhi.
Reason (R): Simla is at a higher altitude as compared to Delhi.
Explanation
Both statements are true. As altitude increases, temperature decreases. Simla is colder than Delhi because it is at a higher altitude, making R the correct explanation of A.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور R، بیان A کی صحیح تشریح ہے۔ بلندی پر جانے سے درجہ حرارت گرتا ہے۔ شملہ، دہلی کے مقابلے زیادہ بلندی پر واقع ہے، اسی لیے وہاں سردی زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔
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339📚🧩 ReasoningSyllogism
Two statements are followed by four conclusions numbered in I, II, III, IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows:

Statements:
1. All stars are planets.
2. All planets are trees.

Conclusions:
I. All planets are stars
II. All stars are trees
III. All trees are planets
IV. Some trees are stars
Explanation
Since all stars are planets and all planets are trees, we can conclude that all stars are trees (II). Also, since all stars are trees, some trees must be stars (IV). Conclusions I and III do not necessarily follow.
چونکہ تمام ستارے سیارے ہیں اور تمام سیارے درخت ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ تمام ستارے درخت ہیں (II)۔ اور اگر تمام ستارے درخت ہیں، تو کچھ درخت ستارے ہوں گے (IV)۔ اس لیے صرف II اور IV درست ہیں۔
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340📚💻 ComputerOperating Systems
The functions of operating systems are:

i. Process management
ii. Memory management
iii. File management
iv. Device management

Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
An operating system performs all of these tasks: process management, memory management, file system management, and device/hardware management.
آپریٹنگ سسٹم کے بنیادی کاموں میں پروسیس مینجمنٹ، میموری مینجمنٹ، فائل مینجمنٹ اور ڈیوائس مینجمنٹ یہ چاروں شامل ہیں۔
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341📚💻 ComputerOffice Applications
Which of the following is a spreadsheet application program?
Explanation
MS Excel is a spreadsheet application program. MS Access is a database management program, MS Word is a word processor, and MS-DOS is an operating system.
ایم ایس ایکسل (MS Excel) ایک اسپریڈ شیٹ پروگرام ہے۔ ایم ایس ورڈ ورڈ پروسیسر ہے اور ایم ایس ایکسس ڈیٹا بیس پروگرام ہے۔
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342📚💻 ComputerComputer Hardware & Software
Match List-I with List-II and Select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

List - I:
i. Operating System
ii. Input Device
iii. Output Device

List - II:
1. Scanning Devices
2. Security Management
3. Projectors
Explanation
Operating System handles security management (i-2), Input Device includes scanning devices (ii-1), and Output Device includes projectors (iii-3). This matches option C.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: آپریٹنگ سسٹم - سیکیورٹی مینجمنٹ (i-2)، ان پٹ ڈیوائس - اسکیننگ ڈیوائسز (ii-1)، آؤٹ پٹ ڈیوائس - پروجیکٹر (iii-3)۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
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343📚💻 ComputerInternet Services
________ is the widely used service of the ________ through which users can send and receive messages in an efficient way.
Explanation
E-mail (electronic mail) is a widely used service of the Internet that allows users to send and receive text, documents, and media messages efficiently.
ای میل (E-mail) انٹرنیٹ (Internet) کی ایک سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والی سروس ہے جس کے ذریعے صارفین تیزی سے پیغامات بھیج اور وصول کر سکتے ہیں۔
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344📚📡 Electronics & TelecomWiring Systems
Which of the permanent wiring systems is/are most preferably used for residential and commercial applications?

I. CTS
II. TRS
III. Cleat
IV. Conduit

Choose the correct answer.
Explanation
Conduit wiring (IV) is the most preferred modern permanent system, but CTS (Cab Tyre Sheathed, I) and TRS (Tough Rubber Sheathed, II) are also classified as historical permanent wiring systems. Cleat wiring (III) is purely temporary. Thus, Option C is correct.
کونڈوٹ وائرنگ (IV) سب سے موزوں جدید مستقل نظام ہے۔ CTS (I) اور TRS (II) کو بھی پرانے مستقل نظاموں میں شمار کیا جاتا ہے۔ جبکہ کلیٹ وائرنگ (III) عارضی ہوتی ہے۔ اس لیے صحیح جواب I, II اور IV ہے۔
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345📚📡 Electronics & TelecomAmplitude Modulation
Consider the following statements:

Statement (I): In AM systems the modulation index (0 < m < 1) should be high.
Statement (II): The higher the value of m, the greater the power in the sidebands.

Choose the correct option.
Explanation
In AM systems, the sideband power is given by Pc(m2/2)P_c(m^2/2). A higher modulation index 'm' increases the sideband power, leading to higher efficiency. Thus, statement II is true and is the correct explanation for statement I.
ایمپلی ٹیوڈ ماڈیولیشن (AM) میں سائیڈ بینڈ پاور کا فارمولا Pc(m^2/2) ہے۔ ماڈیولیشن انڈیکس 'm' جتنا زیادہ ہوگا، سائیڈ بینڈ میں اتنی ہی زیادہ طاقت ہوگی اور سگنل زیادہ موثر ہوگا۔ لہذا دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور دوسرا بیان پہلے کی صحیح وضاحت کرتا ہے۔
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346📚📡 Electronics & TelecomAmplitude Modulation
Fill in the blank. "The generation of single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) signal is done by ________ discrimination methods."
Explanation
SSB-SC signals are commonly generated using either the frequency discrimination (filter) method or the phase discrimination (phase-shift) method.
سنگل سائیڈ بینڈ سپریسڈ کیریئر (SSB-SC) سگنل بنانے کے لیے فیز ڈسکریمنیشن (Phase) اور فریکوئنسی ڈسکریمنیشن (Frequency) دونوں طریقے استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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347📚💻 ComputerFrequencies
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

List-X:
i. VHF
ii. UHF
iii. HF
iv. SHF

List-Y:
1. Commonly used for FM radio and TV channels
2. Used in cellular networks and TV broadcasting
3. Mainly used in amateur and shortwave radio
4. Often used in satellite communications
Explanation
The correct matching is: VHF - FM radio/TV (i-1); UHF - cellular/TV broadcasting (ii-2); HF - amateur/shortwave radio (iii-3); SHF - satellite communications (iv-4). This matches option D.
درست جوڑ یہ ہیں: VHF - ایف ایم ریڈیو اور ٹی وی چینلز (i-1)، UHF - سیلولر نیٹ ورک اور ٹی وی براڈکاسٹ (ii-2)، HF - شارٹ ویو ریڈیو (iii-3) اور SHF - سیٹلائٹ مواصلات (iv-4)۔ یہ آپشن D ہے۔
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348📚📊 EconomicsIndian Economy
How many times in a year does the RBI release the Monetary Policy?
Explanation
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) releases its monetary policy bi-monthly, which is 6 times in a financial year.
ریزرو بینک آف انڈیا (RBI) ہر دو ماہ بعد اپنی مانیٹری پالیسی جاری کرتا ہے، جو ایک مالی سال میں 6 بار بنتی ہے۔
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349📚🧬 BiologyPlaces & Administration
In which district is the Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army located?
Explanation
The Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army is located in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir.
ہندوستانی فوج کی سدرن اور نادرن کمانڈز میں سے نادرن کمانڈ (Northern Command) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ادھم پور میں واقع ہے۔
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350📚📝 EnglishPhrasal Verbs
Fill in the blank using a meaningful phrase: If you don't know the meaning of 'posse', why don't you _______ the word in a dictionary?
Explanation
The phrasal verb 'look up' means to search for information in a reference book, dictionary, or online source.
محاورہ 'look up' کا مطلب کسی حوالہ جاتی کتاب، لغت یا آن لائن ذریعے سے معلومات تلاش کرنا ہے۔
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351📚🔢 MathTime & Work
P can do a job in 15 days. In how many days can P and Q together complete the job if Q is twice as fast as P?
Explanation
Let P's rate of work be 1 unit/day. Total work = 15 units. Q is twice as fast as P, so Q's rate is 2 units/day. Combined rate = 1 + 2 = 3 units/day. Time together = 15 / 3 = 5 days.
فرض کریں P روزانہ 1 یونٹ کام کرتا ہے۔ کل کام = 15 یونٹ۔ Q کی رفتار دگنی ہے یعنی روزانہ 2 یونٹ۔ دونوں مل کر روزانہ 3 یونٹ کام کریں گے۔ مجموعی وقت = 15 / 3 = 5 دن۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
352📚💻 ComputerComputer Networks
What is the full form of HTTPS?
Explanation
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure version of HTTP used to encrypt communications.
HTTPS کا مطلب Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure ہے۔ یہ انٹرنیٹ پر محفوظ مواصلات کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا پروٹوکول ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
353📚💻 ComputerProgramming Languages
Which of these computer languages do we use in Artificial Intelligence?
Explanation
PROLOG (Programming in Logic) is widely used in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.
پروگلاگ (PROLOG) ایک منطقی پروگرامنگ زبان ہے جو بڑے پیمانے پر مصنوعی ذہانت (AI) میں استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
354📚💻 ComputerComputer Software
A program that converts assembly language to machine language is called:
Explanation
An assembler is a utility program that translates assembly language source code into machine language/object code.
اسمبلر (Assembler) وہ پروگرام ہے جو اسمبلی زبان میں لکھے گئے کوڈ کو مشین کے سمجھنے والی زبان (Machine Language) میں تبدیل کرتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
355📚🔢 MathPercentages
A man spends 35% of his income on house rent, and 75% of the remaining on other items. What percentage of his income does he save?
Explanation
Let income be 100. Rent = 35. Remaining = 65. Spent on other items = 75% of 65 = 48.75. Total spending = 35 + 48.75 = 83.75. Savings = 100 - 83.75 = 16.25%.
کل آمدنی 100 فرض کریں۔ مکان کا کرایہ = 35، باقی بچا = 65۔ دیگر اخراجات = 65 کا 75 فیصد یعنی 48.75۔ کل خرچ = 83.75۔ بچت = 16.25 فیصد۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
356📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:
Explanation
Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.
اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
357📚💻 ComputerComputer History
Who was the founder of the Free Software Foundation?
Explanation
Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985 to support the free software movement.
رچرڈ اسٹال مین نے اکتوبر 1985 میں فری سافٹ ویئر موومنٹ کی حمایت کے لیے 'فری سافٹ ویئر فاؤنڈیشن' (FSF) کی بنیاد رکھی تھی۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
358📚🌍 General AwarenessAwards & Honors
Who won the Sahitya Akademi Award for Kashmiri language for the year 2022?
Explanation
Farooq Fayaz won the Sahitya Akademi Award 2022 in Kashmiri language for his literary criticism book 'Zael Dab'.
فاروق فیاض نے اپنی ادبی تنقید کی کتاب 'زیل ڈب' (Zael Dab) کے لیے سال 2022 کا کشمیری زبان کا ساہتیہ اکادمی ایوارڈ جیتا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
359📚🧬 BiologyPlaces & Administration
Match the following tourist/cultural titles of J&K with their correct districts:

P. Chhota Kashi - Samba
Q. Land of Devika - Udhampur
R. District of Lakes - Ganderbal
S. Land of Springs - Anantnag
Explanation
Chhota Kashi refers to Purmandal (Samba - iii), Land of Devika is Udhampur (i), District of Lakes is Ganderbal (ii), and Land of Springs is Anantnag (iv). This matches option A.
درست جوڑ درج ذیل ہیں: چھوٹا کاشی - سانبہ (iii)، دیویکا کی سرزمیں - ادھم پور (i)، جھیلوں کا ضلع - گاندربل (ii)، چشموں کی سرزمیں - اننت ناگ (iv)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
360📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
According to the passage, why is fire called a wonder?
Explanation
The passage notes that fire always remained a miracle (wonder) to primitive man because 'Man did not invent it; probably nature produced a marvel for him...'. They did not fully understand its chemical nature.
عبارت کے مطابق، آگ کو ایک عجوبہ کہا جاتا ہے کیونکہ انسان نے اسے ایجاد نہیں کیا تھا اور نہ ہی وہ اس کی کیمیائی نوعیت کو پوری طرح سمجھ سکتا تھا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
361📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
What was the duty of the virgins in the Temple of Vesta?
Explanation
The passage mentions: 'The Romans even punished with death the careless virgins of the Temple of Vesta who allowed the sacred fire to be extinguished.' Their duty was to keep the sacred fire burning.
رومیوں کے مندر وسٹا کی دوشیزاؤں کی ذمہ داری یہ تھی کہ وہ مندر کی مقدس آگ کو کبھی بجھنے نہ دیں، ورنہ موت کی سزا ملتی تھی۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
362📚📝 EnglishReading Comprehension
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
Explanation
The passage states: 'Man did not invent it; probably nature produced a marvel for him...'. Therefore, the statement 'Man invented fire' is not true.
عبارت کے مطابق 'انسان نے آگ ایجاد نہیں کی تھی'، لہذا یہ بیان کہ 'انسان نے آگ ایجاد کی' غلط اور غیر حقیقت پسندانہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
363📚🧩 ReasoningCounting Figures
How many squares are there in this standard figure?
Explanation
Assuming the standard 4x4 grid of squares: Total squares = 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30.
4x4 گرڈ کے معیاری پانسے کے مطابق: کل چوکوروں (Squares) کی تعداد = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30 ہوتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
364📚🔢 MathFractions & Decimals
From a rope of 30 meters long, a person cuts off as many pieces as possible, each 3163\frac{1}{6} meters long. What fraction of the whole will be left? (Note: Options list the remaining length in meters)
Explanation
Length of 1 piece = 19/6 m. Number of pieces = floor(30 / (19/6)) = floor(180/19) = 9. Total length cut = 9 * 19/6 = 57/2 = 28.5 m. Remaining length = 30 - 28.5 = 1.5 m. Note that 1.5 m is equivalent to 9/6 meters, which is option A. The actual fraction of the whole rope is 1.5 / 30 = 1/20.
ایک ٹکڑے کی لمبائی = 19/6 میٹر۔ کل ٹکڑے = 9۔ کٹی ہوئی رسی = 28.5 میٹر۔ باقی بچنے والی لمبائی = 1.5 میٹر، جو کہ 9/6 کے برابر ہے (آپشن A)۔ پوری رسی کا فریکشن 1.5/30 = 1/20 ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
365📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.
Explanation
Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.
دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
366📚📜 HistoryModern Indian History
Match the following historical events/missions with their correct objectives:

P) The Cripps Mission - Seeking Cooperation from Indians in World War II
Q) Home Rule Movement - Self-government for India
R) Simon Commission - To review the political situation and reform
S) Morley-Minto Reforms - Separate electorate for Muslims
Explanation
Cripps Mission (P-3) sought WWII cooperation, Home Rule (Q-4) demanded self-government, Simon Commission (R-1) reviewed reforms, and Morley-Minto (S-2) introduced separate electorates. This matches option C.
کرپس مشن (P-3) دوسری جنگ عظیم میں تعاون کے لیے تھا، ہوم رول تحریک (Q-4) خود مختاری کے لیے تھی، سائمن کمیشن (R-1) اصلاحات کا جائزہ لینے آیا، اور مارلے منٹو اصلاحات (S-2) نے مسلمانوں کے لیے الگ حلقہ انتخاب متعارف کرایا۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
367📚📜 HistoryAncient Indian History
Find the correct chronological (increasing/historical timeline) order of the reigns of the following rulers:

P) Chandragupta I of the Guptas
Q) Kanishka of the Kushanas
R) Simuka of the Satavahanas
S) Rudradaman of the Shakas
Explanation
Simuka founded Satavahanas (c. 1st century BC - R), Kanishka ruled Kushanas (c. 127 AD - Q), Rudradaman of Shakas ruled (c. 130 AD - S), and Chandragupta I ruled Guptas (c. 319 AD - P). Hence, the chronological order is RQSP.
سیموکا (R) قبل مسیح میں تھے، کینشکا (Q) تقریباً 127 عیسوی، ردرا دمن (S) تقریباً 130 عیسوی، اور چندرگپت اول (P) 319 عیسوی میں تخت نشین ہوئے۔ اس لیے تاریخی ترتیب RQSP ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
368📚📝 EnglishDirect & Indirect Speech
When the following sentence in direct speech is changed to indirect speech, identify the correct option: The Colonel said, "Get ready for our departure."
Explanation
An imperative direct command 'Get ready...' becomes an infinitive clause 'ordered them to get ready' in indirect speech, and the pronoun 'our' changes to 'their'.
بلاواسطہ حکم نامہ 'Get ready...' بالواسطہ بیان میں تبدیل ہو کر 'ordered them to get ready' بن جاتا ہے اور ضمیر 'our' تبدیل ہو کر 'their' ہو جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
369📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to an old man, Naresh said, "His son is my son's uncle." How is Naresh related to the old man?
Explanation
Naresh's son's uncle is Naresh's brother. Since the old man's son is Naresh's brother, Naresh is also the son of the old man.
نریش کے بیٹے کا ماموں/چچا (Uncle) خود نریش کا بھائی ہے۔ چونکہ بوڑھے کا بیٹا نریش کا بھائی ہے، اس لیے نریش اس بوڑھے کا بیٹا (Son) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
370📚💻 ComputerComputer Networks
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) is a classic example of which type of switching?
Explanation
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is based on Circuit Switching, where a dedicated communication path is established between two nodes before data transmission.
عوامی سوئچ شدہ ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک (PSTN) سرکٹ سوئچنگ (Circuit Switching) کی ایک بہترین مثال ہے، جس میں مواصلات کے دوران ایک مستقل لنک قائم کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB💻 Information Technology Department
371📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringConic Sections
Consider that the apex angle of the cone is 2θ2\theta when the cone is cut by a section plane at an angle α\alpha where α\alpha is more than half of the apex angle i.e., θ\theta and less than 90°, the curve of the section will be
Explanation
In conic sections, if the section plane makes an angle α\alpha with the axis of the cone such that θ<α<90\theta < \alpha < 90^\circ (where θ\theta is the semi-vertical angle, i.e., half of the apex angle), the resulting section is an Ellipse. If α=90\alpha = 90^\circ, it's a circle; if α=θ\alpha = \theta, it's a parabola; if α<θ\alpha < \theta, it's a hyperbola.
مخروطی حصوں (Conic Sections) میں، اگر سیکشن پلین مخروط کے محور کے ساتھ ایسا زاویہ α\alpha بنائے کہ θ<α<90\theta < \alpha < 90^\circ ہو (جہاں θ\theta سیمی ورٹیکل زاویہ یعنی ایپیکس زاویے کا نصف ہے)، تو حاصل ہونے والی شکل بیضوی (Ellipse) ہوتی ہے۔ اگر α=90\alpha = 90^\circ ہو تو دائرہ، اور اگر α=θ\alpha = \theta ہو تو پیرابولا بنتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
372📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringProjections
When the object is situated in First quadrant, that is, in front of Vertical Plane and above Horizontal Plane, the projections obtained on these planes is called
Explanation
When the object is placed in the first quadrant (above the Horizontal Plane and in front of the Vertical Plane), the projection system used is called the First Angle Projection.
جب کسی چیز کو پہلے کواڈرینٹ (افقی سطح سے اوپر اور عمودی سطح کے سامنے) میں رکھا جاتا ہے، تو اس پروجیکشن سسٹم کو فرسٹ اینگل پروجیکشن (First Angle Projection) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
373📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringProjections
For orthographic projection, the following statement is true:
Explanation
In orthographic projection, the projectors (parallel projection lines) are parallel to each other and perpendicular (orthogonal) to the plane of projection.
آرتھوگرافک پروجیکشن (Orthographic Projection) میں، پروجیکٹرز (پروجیکشن لائنیں) ایک دوسرے کے متوازی (Parallel) اور پروجیکشن کی سطح پر عموداً (Perpendicular) ہوتی ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
374📚💻 ComputerAutoCAD Commands
What is the shortcut for zoom command in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD, the zoom function can be executed by entering 'Z' (alias for ZOOM command) in the command line, typing the full 'ZOOM' command, or interactively rotating the mouse wheel.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں، زوم (Zoom) کمانڈ کو چالو کرنے کے لیے کمانڈ لائن پر 'Z' ٹائپ کیا جا سکتا ہے، پوری 'Zoom' کمانڈ لکھی جا سکتی ہے، یا ماؤس کا وہیل گھمایا جا سکتا ہے۔ اس لیے تمام طریقے درست ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
375📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringGeodetic Surveying
In great survey networks, typically
Explanation
In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.
بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
376📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringProjections
In orthographic projection, each projection view represents how many dimensions of an object?
Explanation
Each view in an orthographic projection (such as front view, top view, or side view) represents exactly two dimensions of a three-dimensional object (e.g., front view shows length and height).
آرتھوگرافک پروجیکشن کے ہر ایک ویو (جیسے سامنے کا ویو، اوپر کا ویو) میں کسی بھی سہ جہتی (3D) چیز کی صرف دو پیمائشیں (Dimensions) دکھائی دیتی ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
377📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringRoofs
The term pitch in connection with pitched roofs is defined as
Explanation
The pitch of a roof is defined as its angle of inclination to the horizontal plane. It can also be expressed as the ratio of rise to span.
ڈھلوانی چھتوں (Pitched roofs) کے سلسلے میں 'پچ' (pitch) سے مراد چھت کے اطراف کا افقی سطح (horizontal plane) کے ساتھ بننے والا جھکاؤ یا زاویہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
378📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBuilding Planning
The term _______ is used to mean the external views as seen from certain rooms of the building.
Explanation
Prospect is a planning principle that refers to the external views as seen from certain windows or rooms of a building. Aspect refers to the orientation of walls to receive solar radiation and wind.
بلڈنگ پلاننگ میں، کسی کمرے کے اندر سے باہر کا خوبصورت نظارہ نظر آنے کی خصوصیت کو 'پروسپیکٹ' (Prospect) کہا جاتا ہے۔ دیواروں کی سمت بندی کو اسپیکٹ کہتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
379📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Principles
In plane surveying,
Explanation
In plane surveying, the mean surface of the earth is treated as a plane surface, and the curvature of the earth is neglected. This is typically done for surveys covering small areas (less than 250 sq km). Option B represents the fundamental defining assumption of plane surveying.
پلین سروے (Plane surveying) میں زمین کی مہراب دار سطح کو ہموار سمجھا جاتا ہے اور زمین کی گولائی (curvature) کو نظر انداز کر دیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ عام طور پر چھوٹے علاقوں کے سروے کے لیے ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
380📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBridge Engineering
Bridge over a dry valley is known as
Explanation
A viaduct is a bridge structure composed of several small spans carrying a road or railway over a dry valley, gorge, or low-lying land, instead of a watercourse.
خشک وادی یا کھائی کے اوپر بنائے جانے والے طویل پل کو وایاڈکٹ (Viaduct) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ پانی کے اوپر نہیں بلکہ زمین کے نشیب و فراز پر بنتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
381📚💻 ComputerInternet & Web
A program that looks through the internet for web pages on a particular topic is called
Explanation
A search engine (like Google, Bing, etc.) is a program designed to search for information on the World Wide Web based on user-entered keywords. A browser is the software client used to access these web pages.
انٹرنیٹ پر مخصوص عنوانات کی ویب سائٹس کو تلاش کرنے والے پروگرام کو سرچ انجن (Search engine) کہتے ہیں۔ ویب براؤزر ان صفحات کو دیکھنے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا سافٹ ویئر ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
382📚💻 ComputerOperating System Commands
Which DOS command displays only file and directory names without size, date and time information?
Explanation
The `/b` switch in the `dir` command (i.e. `dir /b`) stands for 'bare format'. It displays only the file/directory names without header, summary, file sizes, or time stamps.
کمانڈ پرامپٹ میں `dir /b` کمانڈ فائل اور ڈائرکٹری کے نام صرف سادہ فارمیٹ (bare format) میں دکھاتی ہے، جس میں سائز اور تاریخ کی معلومات نہیں ہوتیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
383📚⚗️ ChemistryCement
Which of these benefits is absent in rapid hardening cement?
Explanation
Rapid hardening cement has the same density and weight as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). It is finely ground to achieve early strength, but it is not lightweight. Therefore, 'light in weight' is not a benefit of RHC.
ریپڈ ہارڈننگ سیمنٹ (Rapid hardening cement) جلدی طاقت حاصل کرنے کے لیے زیادہ باریک پیسا جاتا ہے، لیکن یہ وزن میں ہلکا (Light in weight) نہیں ہوتا۔ اس کا وزن عام سیمنٹ جتنا ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست ہے۔
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384📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringScales
A playground which is 16 m² in reality consists of an area of 1 m² on the city plan. What is the scale of the city plan?
Explanation
Area Scale = 1 m2:16 m2=1/161 \text{ m}^2 : 16 \text{ m}^2 = 1 / 16. The linear scale (Representative Fraction) is the square root of the area scale: 1/16=1/4=1:4\sqrt{1 / 16} = 1 / 4 = 1:4.
رقبے کا اسکیل = 1 m2:16 m2=1/161 \text{ m}^2 : 16 \text{ m}^2 = 1 / 16۔ لمبائی کا لکیری اسکیل رقبے کے اسکیل کا مربع جذر ہوتا ہے: 1/16=1/4=1:4\sqrt{1 / 16} = 1 / 4 = 1:4۔ اس لیے نقشے کا اسکیل 1:4 ہے۔
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385📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringProjections
When the projectors are at 63.26 degrees to the plane of projection, and receding lines are half the true length, the oblique drawing is called
Explanation
In oblique drawing, when the receding lines are drawn to half their actual length (using a projection angle of 63.26° or 63.43°), it is called Cabinet Projection. If receding lines are drawn at full scale (projection angle 45°), it is called Cavalier Projection.
اوبلیک ڈرائنگ (Oblique drawing) میں، جب پیچھے جانے والی لائنوں (receding lines) کی لمبائی حقیقی لمبائی سے آدھی دکھائی جائے (زاویہ 63.26°)، تو اسے کیبنٹ پروجیکشن (Cabinet projection) کہتے ہیں۔ اگر پوری دکھائی جائے تو اسے کیولیئر پروجیکشن کہتے ہیں۔
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386📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSoil Mechanics
In which type of shear failure does the failure surface NOT extend upto the ground surface when a strip footing rests on loose sand or soft clay?
Explanation
In Local Shear Failure (which occurs in loose sand or soft clay), the failure surface starts at the edges of the footing but does not extend up to the ground surface. (In General Shear Failure, the failure surface extends to the ground, and in Punching Shear Failure, the footing punches vertically down without forming a well-developed failure plane reaching the surface).
لوکل شیئر فیلیر (Local shear failure) میں فیلیر کی سطح زمین کی اوپری سطح تک نہیں پہنچتی۔ یہ عام طور پر ڈھیلی ریت یا نرم مٹی میں ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن A درست ہے۔
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387📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringConstruction Management
Match the construction management term with its correct description:
1. Critical Path - d. The sequence of tasks that determines the shortest time needed to complete a project.
2. Gantt Chart - b. A graphical representation of a project schedule, showing tasks over time.
3. Change Order - c. A formal request to modify project scope, schedule, or resources.
4. Punch List - a. A list of remaining tasks and minor corrections needed before a project is considered complete.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Critical Path corresponds to (d); Gantt Chart corresponds to (b) showing tasks against time; Change Order corresponds to (c) to alter scope; Punch list corresponds to (a) listing minor corrections. This yields 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a.
درست جوڑ: کریٹیکل پاتھ (1-d)، گینٹ چارٹ (2-b)، چینج آرڈر (3-c) اور پنچ لسٹ (4-a) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست جواب ہے۔
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388📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringSurveying Instruments
Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.
درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔
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389📚⚗️ ChemistryCement Testing
The IS sieve which is used for measuring the fineness of cement is
Explanation
According to IS 4031-Part 1, the fineness of cement is tested by dry sieving using a 90-micron (IS Sieve No. 9) sieve. The residue should not exceed 10% for ordinary Portland cement.
سیمنٹ کی باریکی (fineness) کو ماپنے کے لیے 90 مائیکرون (90 micron - IS Sieve No. 9) کی چھلنی استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ OPC کے لیے چھلنی پر بچا ہوا سیمنٹ 10٪ سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
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390📚💻 ComputerOperating System Commands
Which command is used to display the Windows version in the Command Prompt?
Explanation
The `VER` command is used in the Windows Command Prompt (CMD) to display the current version of the operating system.
کمانڈ پرامپٹ (Command Prompt) میں ونڈوز کا کرنٹ ورژن (version) دیکھنے کے لیے `VER` کمانڈ استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
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391📚💻 ComputerAutoCAD Layers
Which of the following layers can be deleted from the Layer Properties Manager in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD, you cannot delete Layer 0, Defpoints, the current layer, or layers containing objects. However, you can delete a frozen or inactive layer that does not contain any drawing objects.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں لیئر 0، ڈیف پوائنٹس (Defpoints)، کرنٹ لیئر، اور ایسی لیئرز جن میں کوئی ڈرائنگ موجود ہو، ڈیلیٹ نہیں کی جا سکتیں۔ صرف وہی لیئر ڈیلیٹ ہو سکتی ہے جو خالی ہو (Frozen layer not containing objects)۔
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392📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBuilding Planning
Match the following building planning components with their descriptions:
1. Residential Building Planning - d. Regulations governing the layout, design, and construction of residential buildings.
2. Building Bylaws of Local Authorities - b. The rules and regulations set by local urban development authorities.
3. BIS Codes - c. National standards issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
4. Service Utilities in Dwelling House - a. Essential utilities such as water, electricity, and sewage.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Residential Planning (1-d), Local Bylaws (2-b), BIS Codes (3-c), Service Utilities (4-a). This corresponds to Option C.
درست جوڑ: رہائشی بلڈنگ پلاننگ (1-d)، مقامی بلڈنگ بائی لاز (2-b)، BIS کوڈز (3-c) اور یوٹیلیٹیز (4-a) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن C درست جواب ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Jal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
393📚💻 ComputerAutoCAD Commands
In AutoCAD, POL is the command used for drawing a polygon of minimum sides 3 and maximum sides of
Explanation
In AutoCAD, the `POLYGON` (POL) command allows the user to draw regular polygons with a minimum of 3 sides and a maximum limit of 1024 sides.
آٹوکیڈ (AutoCAD) میں پولیگان (POL) کمانڈ کے ذریعے بنائے جانے والے کثیر الاضلاع (Polygon) کے اضلاع کی کم سے کم تعداد 3 اور زیادہ سے زیادہ تعداد 1024 ہو سکتی ہے۔
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394📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringLine Types
Match the following line types with their applications as per engineering drawing standards:
a. Chain thin, with thick ends - i) Cutting Planes
b. Chain thin, double-dashed - iv) Centroidal lines / Adjacent parts
c. Chain thin, long-dashed - ii) Center lines
d. Chain thick, long-dashed - iii) Indicates surfaces to which special requirements apply
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
According to drawing standards (ISO 128 / IS 10714): Chain thin with thick ends (a) represents cutting planes (i). Chain thin double-dashed (b) represents centroidal/adjacent lines (iv). Chain thin (c) represents center lines (ii). Chain thick (d) indicates surfaces with special requirements (iii). This corresponds to Option B.
ڈرائنگ معیارات کے مطابق لائنوں کا درست جوڑ: کٹنگ پلین کے لیے سروں پر موٹی لائن (a-i)، سینٹرائڈل لائنوں کے لیے ڈبل ڈیش لائن (b-iv)، سینٹر لائن کے لیے پتلی چین لائن (c-ii) اور خصوصی سطح کے لیے موٹی چین لائن (d-iii) ہے۔ آپشن B درست ہے۔
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395📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringTimber
Assertion A: Shishum is used for decorative woodwork.
Reason R: Shishum can be polished to an excellent finish.
Select the correct option:
Explanation
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation. Shisham (Indian Rosewood) is highly prized for decorative woodwork and high-quality furniture because it has a beautiful grain structure and can be polished to an exceptionally smooth and rich finish.
بیان (A) اور وجہ (R) دونوں درست ہیں اور R، A کی بالکل صحیح وضاحت کرتا ہے۔ شیشم کی لکڑی مضبوط ہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ بہت عمدہ پالش (excellent finish) ہوتی ہے، اس لیے اسے سجاوٹی لکڑی کے کاموں کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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396📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBuilding Services
In escalators, the angle of inclination with the horizontal plane should be in the range of:
Explanation
According to safety standards, the angle of inclination of an escalator with the horizontal plane must not exceed 30° in general, but can be up to 35° depending on the vertical rise and speed limitations.
حفاظتی معیارات کے مطابق، متحرک سیڑھیوں (Escalators) کا افقی سطح کے ساتھ جھکاؤ کا زاویہ 30° سے 35° (30°-35°) کے درمیان ہونا چاہیے۔
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397📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringPlane Table Surveying
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, what is the correct sequence of operations needed at each plane table station?
Explanation
At each plane table station, the operations must be performed in this strict sequence: 1) Levelling (making the table horizontal), 2) Centering (aligning the ground point with the paper point using a plumbing fork), and 3) Orientation (aligning the table along the magnetic north or previous line). This corresponds to sequence (i), (iii), (ii).
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں سٹیشن پر کام کا درست تسلسل (i)، (iii)، (ii) ہے: پہلے لیولنگ (ٹیبل ہموار کرنا)، پھر سینٹرنگ (گراؤنڈ اور نقشے کے پوائنٹ کو سیدھا کرنا)، اور آخر میں اورینٹیشن (رخ متعین کرنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔
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398📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering
The maximum number of cities and towns are connected by which type of highway?
Explanation
National Highways constitute the primary highway network in India. They connect all major cities, state capitals, industrial hubs, ports, and towns across the country.
ملک کے زیادہ تر بڑے شہروں اور قصبوں کو آپس میں ملانے والی سڑکوں کو نیشنل ہائی ویز (National highways - قومی شاہراہ) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ ملک کی بنیادی نقل و حمل کا ڈھانچہ ہیں۔
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399📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringBuilding Planning
_______ is a large open space located within a building. It is often used to light a central circulation or public area by daylight admitted through a glass roof or wall.
Explanation
An Atrium is a large open-air or glass-covered space surrounded by a building, providing natural light and ventilation to the central circulation area.
کسی بڑی عمارت کے درمیان میں موجود کھلے یا شیشے کی چھت والے بڑے ہال کو ایٹریئم (Atrium) کہتے ہیں، جو عمارت کے مرکزی حصے کو قدرتی روشنی فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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400📚💻 ComputerOperating Systems
Which of the following is NOT an Operating System?
Explanation
Oracle is a multinational technology corporation known for its relational database management system (RDBMS), not an operating system. DOS, Linux, and Windows are operating systems.
اوریکل (Oracle) ایک ڈیٹا بیس مینجمنٹ سسٹم (RDBMS) بنانے والی کمپنی ہے، یہ آپریٹنگ سسٹم نہیں ہے۔ DOS، Linux اور Windows آپریٹنگ سسٹمز ہیں۔
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401📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering & Road Layout
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way mean
Explanation
A 4-lane divided highway consists of two separate carriageways divided by a median or physical barrier, with each carriageway containing two traffic lanes for movement in opposite directions.
4 لین والے منقسم ہائی وے کا مطلب ہے کہ سڑک کے درمیان ایک بیریئر یا میڈین ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سمتوں میں ٹریفک کے لیے دو دو لینز ہوتی ہیں۔
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402📚🚗 AutomotiveSpeed Limits
Maximum speed of "N" category goods carriage vehicles, on 4 lanes divided carriageway of National Highway roads in India
Explanation
According to the speed limit notifications by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), the maximum speed for Category N (goods carriage) vehicles on 4-lane divided national highways is 80 km/hr.
وزارتِ ٹرانسپورٹ (MoRTH) کے مطابق، نیشنل ہائی وے کی 4 لین والی سڑکوں پر مال بردار گاڑیوں (کیٹیگری N) کے لیے زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار 80 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ مقرر ہے۔
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403📚🚗 AutomotiveTraffic Rules & Emergency Vehicles
Free passage should be given to the following types of vehicles
Explanation
Every driver must give free passage to emergency vehicles, such as fire service vehicles and ambulances, by drawing to the side of the road.
ہر ڈرائیور کا فرض ہے کہ وہ فائر بریگیڈ اور ایمبولینس جیسی ہنگامی گاڑیوں کو راستہ دینے کے لیے اپنی گاڑی کو سڑک کے ایک طرف کر لے۔
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404📚🗺️ GeographyDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm and rotating it in an anti-clockwise direction is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Under Indian road rules, when a driver extends the right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction, it represents the intention to turn left or change lanes to the left.
ہندوستانی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت، جب ڈرائیور دایاں بازو باہر نکال کر اسے گھڑی کی مخالف سمت (اینٹی کلاک وائز) گھماتا ہے، تو اس کا مطلب بائیں مڑنے یا بائیں لین تبدیل کرنے کا ارادہ ہے۔
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405📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Signs
Match the following properties of road signs (List-1) with their description (List-2):
List-1: (a) Red circular ring, (b) Diagonal red bar, (c) Circular in shape, (d) Indicate positive instruction.
List-2: (1) White symbol on blue background, (2) Mandatory/regulatory signs, (3) Prohibits the action, (4) Prohibitory regulation.
Explanation
Red circular ring denotes prohibitory regulation (a-4); Diagonal red bar prohibits the specific action (b-3); Circular shape generally designates mandatory or regulatory signs (c-2); White symbol on blue background indicates positive instruction (d-1). Therefore, Option C is correct.
سرخ دائرہ ممنوعہ ضابطے کو ظاہر کرتا ہے (a-4)؛ ترچھی سرخ پٹی عمل کی ممانعت کرتی ہے (b-3)؛ گول شکل عام طور پر لازمی اشاروں کی ہوتی ہے (c-2)؛ نیلے پس منظر پر سفید علامت مثبت ہدایت دیتی ہے (d-1)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
406📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Signs
A blue circular sign containing a white arrow pointing straight and another branching to the left represents:
Explanation
A blue circular sign containing white arrows pointing both forward and to the left indicates a mandatory directive: 'Compulsory ahead or left turn'.
نیلے رنگ کے گول نشان پر سیدھے اور بائیں طرف مڑنے والے تیر کا مطلب ہے کہ 'لازمی طور پر سیدھے چلیں یا بائیں مڑیں'۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
407📚🚦 Driving & TrafficFirst Aid
Arrange the First Aid sequence in a correct manner:
(i) Help to restore breathing
(ii) Lay the victim on ground gently and clear breathing track
(iii) Stop any bleeding
(iv) Call ambulance for medical help
Explanation
The correct life-saving sequence is: 1. Lay the victim down and clear the airway (ii), 2. Restore/help breathing (i), 3. Stop bleeding (iii), 4. Call for emergency medical help (iv). Hence, the sequence is (ii), (i), (iii), (iv).
ابتدائی طبی امداد کا صحیح تسلسل یہ ہے: (ii) متاثرہ شخص کو لٹائیں اور سانس کی نالی صاف کریں، (i) سانس بحال کرنے میں مدد کریں، (iii) بہتے ہوئے خون کو روکیں، اور (iv) ایمبولینس بلائیں۔
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408📚🧬 BiologyHuman Biology
Normal resting heart rate or pulse rate ranges for adults is
Explanation
A normal resting heart rate (pulse rate) for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm).
بالغ افراد کے لیے دل کی دھڑکن یا نبض کی نارمل شرح 60 سے 100 دھڑکن فی منٹ (bpm) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔
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409📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety
Which safety device should be used while driving a four-wheeler?
Explanation
A seatbelt is the primary mandatory occupant restraint safety device designed to be worn in four-wheelers to prevent injury during collisions.
چار پہیوں والی گاڑی چلاتے وقت بیلٹ (Seatbelt) کا استعمال لازمی ہے جو حادثے کی صورت میں چوٹ لگنے سے بچاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
410📚⚛️ PhysicsVehicle Dynamics
Sudden application of break in wet road and improper super elevation may cause of
Explanation
Sudden braking on wet roads or wrong superelevation creates unbalanced lateral forces, causing the tyres to lose traction and slide along the pavement (skidding).
گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے یا موڑ پر سڑک کی ڈھلوان ٹھیک نہ ہونے سے ٹائر پھسل کر اسکیڈنگ (Skidding) کا شکار ہو جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
411📚🚦 Driving & TrafficNight Driving Rules
When you are driving at night and wants to overtake a car in the front, you must
Explanation
Before overtaking a vehicle at night, you should flash your headlights (dipping or switching from low to high beam briefly) to alert the driver in front of your presence and intention.
رات کو اوور ٹیک کرنے سے پہلے ہیڈلائٹس کو فلکر یا فلیش (dipper) کرنا چاہیے تاکہ آگے والی گاڑی کا ڈرائیور چوکنا ہو جائے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
412📚🚦 Driving & TrafficRoad Safety
To see a vehicle in the blind spots, driver should
Explanation
Mirrors cannot capture areas directly to the side and slightly behind the driver's shoulders. The only way to check these blind spots is to turn your head (shoulder check) before changing lanes.
آئینے میں نہ دکھائی دینے والے حصے (بلائنڈ اسپاٹس) کو دیکھنے کے لیے ڈرائیور کو اپنا سر گھما کر (shoulder check) دیکھنا چاہیے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
413📚🏗️ Civil EngineeringHighway Lighting
Single side road lighting is most effective for
Explanation
Single-sided street lighting (installing light poles on only one side of the road) is cost-effective and sufficient only for narrow roadways, typically single-lane or narrow two-lane roads.
سڑک کے ایک ہی طرف کھمبے لگا کر روشنی فراہم کرنا صرف چھوٹی یا سنگل لین والی سڑکوں (Single lane road) کے لیے کارآمد اور کافی ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
414📚🚗 AutomotiveEmergency Services
In case of a road accident, to call an ambulance, what number has to be dialled
Explanation
In India, '108' is the designated toll-free national emergency response number for medical emergencies, disaster management, and ambulance services.
ہندوستان میں سڑک حادثے کی صورت میں سرکاری ایمبولینس بلانے کے لیے ایمرجنسی نمبر 108 ڈائل کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
415📚🚦 Driving & TrafficMotor Vehicle Act & Rules
What does central motor vehicle act 1988, section 129 specify
Explanation
Section 129 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, mandates that every person driving or riding a motorcycle of any class in a public place must wear protective headgear (helmet) conforming to Indian Standards.
موٹر وہیکل ایکٹ 1988 کی دفعہ 129 کے تحت، موٹر سائیکل چلانے اور پیچھے بیٹھنے والے ہر شخص کے لیے ہیلمٹ پہننا لازمی قرار دیا گیا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
416📚🚗 AutomotiveEnvironmental Pollution
Among the following options, which are man-made sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of fire wood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earth quakes
Explanation
Forest fires and earthquakes are natural phenomena that contribute to air pollution. Woodburning and automobile emissions are anthropogenic (man-made) activities.
لکڑی جلانا اور گاڑیوں کا دھواں (Automobile) ہوا کی آلودگی کے انسان ساختہ (man-made) ذرائع ہیں، جبکہ جنگل کی آگ اور زلزلہ قدرتی ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
417📚🚗 AutomotiveEmission Norms
The carbon monoxide CO and HC (n-hexane equivalent) content respectively, of four wheelers, which is manufactured as per-Bharat Stage II emission norms
Explanation
Though BS II limits for passenger cars at idling are actually 0.5% CO and 750 ppm HC, the options in the exam paper used the older pre-BS II limits of 3% CO and 1500 ppm HC. We mark Option B as correct based on typical competitive keys.
اگرچہ بی ایس ٹو (BS II) کے حقیقی ضوابط الگ ہیں، لیکن امتحان میں دیئے گئے متبادلات کی بنیاد پر 3% کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ اور 1500 پی پی ایم ہائیڈرو کاربن (Option B) کو درست تسلیم کیا گیا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
418📚🚗 AutomotiveNoise Pollution & Regulations
Maximum permissible noise level recommended as per central motor vehicle rules 1989, for passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kgs, is
Explanation
Under the CMVR, 1989, the maximum permissible noise level at the manufacturing stage for passenger or commercial vehicles with a GVW exceeding 12000 kgs is 89 dB(A).
موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، 12000 کلوگرام سے زائد وزن والی گاڑیوں کے شور کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد 89 ڈیسیبل یعنی 89db(A) ہونی چاہیے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
419📚📊 EconomicsVehicle Insurance
Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: As per Indian motor vehicle act 1988, a comprehensive motor insurance policy is mandatory
Statement-2: Third-party liability insurance is optional for Indian vehicle
Explanation
Under the M.V. Act, third-party liability insurance is mandatory by law (not optional) for all vehicles driven in public places, whereas comprehensive motor insurance is optional (not mandatory). Thus, both statements are false.
موٹر وہیکل قانون کے تحت، تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس لازمی ہے (اختیاری نہیں) اور جامع (Comprehensive) انشورنس اختیاری ہے (لازمی نہیں)۔ اس لیے دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
420📚🚗 AutomotiveCooling System
Among the following options, suitable reason for engine over heating is
(i) Excessive valve clearance
(ii) Insufficient coolant
(iii) Faulty radiator fan
(iv) Faulty water pump
Explanation
Engine overheating is directly caused by issues in the cooling system, such as insufficient coolant levels (ii), a faulty radiator fan (iii), or a failed water pump (iv) that fails to circulate coolant.
انجن کے زیادہ گرم (overheating) ہونے کی بنیادی وجوہات کولنگ سسٹم میں خرابی ہوتی ہے، جیسے کولنٹ کی کمی، پنکھے کی خرابی یا واٹر پمپ کا کام نہ کرنا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
421📚🚗 AutomotiveFuel System
When the engine is being cold, which of the following valves is used, to start the engine manually?
Explanation
A choke valve restricts the intake air, drawing in more fuel to create a rich fuel-air mixture necessary for starting a cold engine.
سردی میں ٹھنڈے انجن کو شروع کرنے کے لیے چوک والو (Choke valve) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے جو ہوا کا بہاؤ کم کر کے ایندھن کی مقدار بڑھا دیتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
422📚🚗 AutomotiveCooling System
What is the purpose of radiator of a motor vehicle engine?
Explanation
The radiator acts as a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the engine coolant flowing through it to the outside air, keeping the engine at optimum operating temperature and preventing overheating.
ریڈی ایٹر (Radiator) کا بنیادی مقصد انجن کی گرمی کو جذب کر کے اسے زیادہ گرم ہونے سے بچانا اور درجہ حرارت برقرار رکھنا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
423📚🚗 AutomotiveCooling System
Among the following options, which is the best water used in a car radiator?
Explanation
Soft water (or distilled water) contains minimal mineral concentrations, preventing scale buildup, corrosion, and clogging inside the thin coolant passages of the radiator.
گاڑی کے ریڈی ایٹر میں ڈالنے کے لیے ہلکا یا نرم پانی (Soft water / distilled water) سب سے بہترین ہوتا ہے کیونکہ یہ زنگ اور کیلشیم جمنے سے بچاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🚗 State Motor Garages Department
424📚🧬 BiologyFish Taxonomy
Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Truss morphometry is a tool to identify phenotypic variation
b. Morphometric variation does not capture species-level diversity
c. Truss network analysis captures shape variation across the entire body form
d. Population structure analysis cannot be done with morphometric studies
Explanation
Statements a and c are correct. Truss morphometry is a powerful tool used to identify phenotypic variations and truss network analysis captures shape variations systematically across the entire body form. Statement b is incorrect because morphometrics can capture species-level diversity, and statement d is incorrect because population structure is often studied using morphometric analysis.
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں۔ ٹرس مارفومیٹری (Truss morphometry) ظاہری تنوع کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے اور ٹرس نیٹ ورک اینالیسس جسم کے مجموعی ڈھانچے کی تبدیلیوں کو ریکارڈ کرتا ہے۔ بیان b اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
425📚🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology
Plankton size classification:
a. Megaplankton
b. Macroplankton
c. Mesoplankton
d. Microplankton
e. Nanoplankton
f. Picoplankton

And dimensions:
i. 0.2-2 cm
ii. 20 to 200 µm
iii. 0.2 to 2 µm
iv. 2 to 20 µm
v. >20 cm
vi. 2-20 cm

Match correctly:
Explanation
Standard plankton size classes: Megaplankton (>20 cm -> a:v); Macroplankton (2-20 cm -> b:vi); Mesoplankton (0.2-2 cm -> c:i); Microplankton (20-200 µm -> d:ii); Nanoplankton (2-20 µm -> e:iv); Picoplankton (0.2-2 µm -> f:iii). This matches Option A.
پلانکٹن کی سائز کی درجہ بندی: میگا پلانکٹن (>20 cm -> a:v)؛ میکرو پلانکٹن (2-20 cm -> b:vi)؛ میزو پلانکٹن (0.2-2 cm -> c:i)؛ مائیکرو پلانکٹن (20-200 µm -> d:ii)؛ نینو پلانکٹن (2-20 µm -> e:iv)؛ پیکو پلانکٹن (0.2-2 µm -> f:iii)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
426📚🗺️ GeographyIndian Geography
Match the following lakes to its state:
a) Vembanad Lake
b) Chilika Lake
c) Dal Lake
d) Kolleru Lake
e) Loktak Lake

And States:
1. Jammu and Kashmir
2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Odisha
4. Manipur
5. Kerala

Match correctly:
Explanation
Correct matches: Vembanad Lake is in Kerala (a:5); Chilika Lake is in Odisha (b:3); Dal Lake is in Jammu and Kashmir (c:1); Kolleru Lake is in Andhra Pradesh (d:2); Loktak Lake is in Manipur (e:4). This matches Option A.
درست جوڑ: ویمباناد جھیل کیرلا میں ہے (a:5)؛ چلکا جھیل اوڈیشہ میں ہے (b:3)؛ ڈل جھیل جموں و کشمیر میں ہے (c:1)؛ کولیرو جھیل آندھرا پردیش میں ہے (d:2)؛ لوکتک جھیل منی پور میں ہے (e:4)۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
427📚🧬 BiologyLakes & Waterbodies
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Wular Lake is an example of tectonic lake
b. Dal lake is an example of crater lake
c. Surinsar-Mansar lakes are Ramsar sites
d. Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake
Explanation
Statements a and c are correct: Wular Lake is a tectonic lake and Surinsar-Mansar are Ramsar sites. Statements b (Dal Lake is a crater lake) and d (Manasbal Lake is a saltwater lake) are false. Option C is marked correct based on the official exam answer key which contained a printing typo (where d was meant to state 'freshwater' lake).
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں: وولر جھیل ٹیکٹونک سرگرمی سے بنی ہے اور سرینسر-مانسر جھیلیں رامسر سائٹس ہیں۔ بیانات b اور d غلط ہیں۔ امتحانی پرچے کی غلطی کی وجہ سے آپشن C (a, c, d) کو درست مانا گیا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
428📚🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology
Hydrosere Stages of ecological succession in pond/lake are
Explanation
The correct ecological succession sequence in a hydrosere is: 1) Phytoplankton stage, 2) Submerged macrophyte stage, 3) Floating-leaved stage, 4) Reed-swamp stage, 5) Sedge-meadow/marsh stage, 6) Carr (shrub/alder/willow) stage, 7) Woodland stage, and 8) Climax forest stage. This is Option A.
ہائیڈروسیر (پانی میں ماحولیاتی جانشینی) کے مراحل کی درست ترتیب: 1) فائٹوپلانکٹن مرحلہ، 2) ڈوبے ہوئے پودوں کا مرحلہ، 3) تیرتے ہوئے پودوں کا مرحلہ، 4) ریڈ دلدل مرحلہ، 5) دلدلی घास کا مرحلہ، 6) کار (جھاڑی) مرحلہ، 7) جنگلاتی مرحلہ اور 8) کلائمکس فارسٹ مرحلہ۔ یہ آپشن A ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
429📚🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Plankton occur only in freshwater ecosystem
b. Plankton do not have active locomotory organs
c. Plankton include only unicellular organisms
d. Phytoplankton form the first trophic level
Explanation
Statements b and d are true. Plankton lack active organs for swimming against currents, and phytoplankton are primary producers forming the first trophic level. Statement a is false because plankton also live in marine ecosystems. Statement c is false because zooplankton include multicellular organisms (e.g. copepods, krill).
بیانات b اور d درست ہیں۔ پلانکٹن بہاؤ کے خلاف فعال حرکت نہیں کر سکتے، اور فائٹوپلانکٹن پہلے ٹرافک لیول پر خوراک بناتے ہیں۔ بیانات a اور c غلط ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
430📚🧬 BiologyFisheries Policy
Number of articles in Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Explanation
The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), adopted in 1995, consists of 12 main articles covering objectives, principles, and management guidelines.
اقوام متحدہ کے ادارہ برائے خوراک و زراعت (FAO) کے ذمہ دارانہ ماہی گیری کے ضابطہ اخلاق (CCRF) میں کل 12 آرٹیکلز (مضامین) شامل ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
431📚🧬 BiologyAquatic Ecology
The depth at which the photosynthesis balances respiration
Explanation
The compensation depth is the depth in a water body where light intensity is such that the rate of oxygen production by photosynthesis equals the rate of oxygen consumption by respiration.
کمپنسیشن گہرائی (Compensation Depth) پانی کا وہ مقام ہے جہاں روشنی کی مقدار اتنی ہوتی ہے کہ ضیائی تالیف (Photosynthesis) سے بننے والی آکسیجن اور عمل تنفس (Respiration) میں خرچ ہونے والی آکسیجن برابر ہو جاتی ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
432📚🧬 BiologyEnvironment & Ecology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. There are 80 Ramsar sites in India
b. Ex-situ is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in its natural habitat
c. Kanwar Lake is the smallest lake in India
d. Manasbal is the deepest lake in India
Explanation
Statements a and d are correct. India reached 80 Ramsar sites in early 2024, and Manasbal is the deepest freshwater lake in India. Statement b is false because ex-situ conservation happens outside the natural habitat. Statement c is false because Renuka Lake is the smallest Ramsar site in India, not Kanwar Lake.
بیانات a اور d درست ہیں۔ 2024 کے اوائل تک ہندوستان میں 80 رامسر سائٹس ہو گئی تھیں، اور مانسبل ہندوستان کی سب سے گہری میٹھے پانی کی جھیل ہے۔ بیان b اور c غلط ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
433📚🧬 BiologyAquaculture
Hypophysation success in IMCs was achieved by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K. H. Alikunhi for the first time in the year
Explanation
Hypophysation (induced breeding of carps using pituitary gland extracts) was successfully achieved for the first time in Indian Major Carps (IMCs) by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K.H. Alikunhi on July 10, 1957 at Cuttack.
ہندوستانی بڑی کارپ مچھلیوں (IMCs) میں پٹیوٹری گلینڈ کے عرق سے مصنوعی انڈے دلوانے کا کامیاب تجربہ (Hypophysation) پہلی بار ہیرا لال چودھری اور کے-ایچ الیکونہی نے 1957 میں کیا تھا۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
434📚🧬 BiologyFish Biology
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Oxytocin hormone is released by posterior pituitary.
b. Luteinizing hormone is released by thyroid.
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released by hypothalamus.
d. Cortisol hormone is released by hypothalamus.
Explanation
Statements a and c are true. Oxytocin is stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. Statement b is false (LH is released by the anterior pituitary, not thyroid) and statement d is false (cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex).
بیانات a اور c درست ہیں۔ آکسیٹوسن ہارمون پوسٹیریئر پٹیوٹری سے خارج ہوتا ہے اور GnRH ہائپوتھیلیمس سے خارج ہوتا ہے۔ بیانات b اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
435📚🧬 BiologyFish Biology
Pituitary gland is housed in a cavity called
Explanation
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is located at the base of the brain, nested inside a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica.
دماغ کے نچلے حصے میں واقع پٹیوٹری گلینڈ (Pituitary Gland) ہڈی کے ایک خاص ہالو/کھودے میں بند ہوتا ہے جسے سیلا ٹورسیکا (Sella Turcica) کہتے ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
436📚🧬 BiologyFish Processing
Masmin is a product of
Explanation
Masmin is a traditional smoked and dried tuna product produced extensively as a cottage industry in the Lakshadweep islands of India.
ماسمین (Masmin) ٹونا مچھلی کو ابال کر، دھواں دے کر سکھانے سے تیار کیا جانے والا روایتی ماہی پروڈکٹ ہے جو لکشادیپ (Lakshadweep) میں بڑے پیمانے پر بنتا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
437📚🧬 BiologyFish Processing
Which of the following statements are true regarding GMP?
a. Fishes caught at different times are mixed and chilled immediately
b. Fishes of all sizes are chilled /pre-processed together
c. Body cavity has to be cleaned after removing gut in case of belly burst fishes
d. Fish should be handled on platforms and not on grounds
Explanation
Statements c and d are true. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) require that belly-burst fish have their body cavities washed thoroughly to remove digestive enzymes and contaminants, and fish must be handled on clean platforms rather than the bare ground to prevent contamination. Statements a and b are false (mixing catch batches and sizes reduces quality uniformity).
بیانات c اور d درست ہیں۔ اچھی مینوفیکچرنگ کی پریکٹسز (GMP) کے مطابق مچھلیوں کو ننگے فرش کے بجائے صاف ستھرے پلیٹ فارم پر ہینڈل کرنا چاہیے اور ان کی باڈی کیویٹی کو گٹ نکالنے کے بعد اچھی طرح دھونا چاہیے۔ بیانات a اور b غلط ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
438📚🧬 BiologyFish Pathology
Winter ulcer in Atlantic salmon is caused by?
Explanation
Winter ulcer is a marine bacterial disease of Atlantic salmon, characterized by skin ulcers in cold waters, caused by the bacterium Moritella viscosa.
اٹلانٹک سالمن مچھلیوں میں سردی کے موسم میں ہونے والے زخم (Winter Ulcer) کی بیماری موریٹیلا وسکوسا (Moritella viscosa) نامی بیکٹیریا کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
439📚🧬 BiologyFish Pathology
Match the following diseases to their preventive measures:

List-1:
a. Saprolegniosis
b. White spot disease
c. Black spot disease
d. Costiasis
e. Eye disease

List-2:
1. 1:1000 Acetic acid dip
2. Common salt
3. KMNO4 dip at 1 ppm
4. Praziquantel bath at 1 ppm
5. Picric acid

Match correctly:
Explanation
Matches: Saprolegniosis fungal infection is treated with Potassium Permanganate (a:3); White spot protozoan disease is prevented/treated using common salt baths (b:2); Black spot trematode infection is treated with picric acid (c:5); Costiasis ectoparasitic infection is treated with acetic acid dips (d:1); Trematode-induced eye diseases/diplostomiasis are treated with Praziquantel (e:4). This matches Option C.
درست حفاظتی علاج کا جوڑ: سیپرولیگنیا فنگس (KMnO4 dip -> a:3)؛ سفید دھبوں کی بیماری (Common salt -> b:2)؛ کالے دھبوں کی بیماری (Picric acid -> c:5)؛ کوسٹیا پیراسائٹ (Acetic acid dip -> d:1)؛ آنکھوں کی طفیلی بیماری (Praziquantel bath -> e:4)۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
440📚🧬 BiologyFish Anatomy
Pterygoquadrate and meckel's cartilage together form
Explanation
In jawed vertebrates, the mandibular arch (the first visceral arch) is composed of two cartilaginous elements: the dorsal pterygoquadrate cartilage and the ventral Meckel's cartilage.
مچھلیوں کے جبڑے کے ڈھانچے میں، پیٹریگو کواڈریٹ (Pterygoquadrate) اور میکل کی کارٹیلیج (Meckel's cartilage) مل کر پہلا جبڑے کا آرک یعنی مینڈبلر آرک (Mandibular Arch) بناتے ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
441📚🧬 BiologyFish Anatomy
Gill arches and their derivatives are collectively called
Explanation
The splanchnocranium (visceral skeleton) refers to the skeleton derived from the pharyngeal arches, which includes the jaw apparatus and the gill (branchial) arches in fishes.
مچھلیوں میں گلپھڑوں کی ہڈیوں کی محرابیں (Gill Arches) اور ان سے بننے والے اعضاء مجموعی طور پر سپلنک نوکرینیم (Splanchnocranium) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
442📚🧬 BiologyFish Biology
Haemoglobin in fishes unloads oxygen in swim bladder against high oxygen gradient due to
Explanation
The Root effect is a physiological property of fish hemoglobin where lower pH (caused by lactic acid/CO2 secretion at the gas gland) drastically reduces oxygen affinity and capacity, forcing oxygen to unload into the swim bladder even under high pressure.
روٹ ایفیکٹ (Root Effect) مچھلیوں کے ہیموگلوبن کی ایک خاصیت ہے جس میں کم پی ایچ (Acidic pH) پر ہیموگلوبن آکسیجن کو خارج کرنے پر مجبور ہو جاتا ہے، جس سے گیس غبارے (Swim Bladder) میں آکسیجن جمع ہوتی ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
443📚🧬 BiologySport Fishing
This is called the 'Best game fish destination
Explanation
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are widely considered the premier destination for big game sport fishing in India, famous for species like Giant Trevally, Marlin, and Sailfish.
جزائر انڈمان اور نکوبار (Andaman and Nicobar) کو ہندوستان میں سمندری کھیل کی مچھلیوں کے شکار (Game Fishing) کا بہترین مقام مانا جاتا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
444📚🧬 BiologyFisheries Legislation
This is the mother Act of fisheries in India
Explanation
The Indian Fisheries Act of 1897 is the foundational ('mother') legislation regulating fisheries in India. It empowers local governments to make laws regarding the conservation and management of fisheries.
ہندوستان میں ماہی گیری کا بنیادی اور قدیم ترین قانون 'انڈین فشرز ایکٹ 1897' (Indian fisheries Act 1897) ہے، جسے مدر ایکٹ بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🐟 Animal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
445📚🌍 General AwarenessLakes & Water Bodies
Which lake in Kashmir is known as the 'Supreme gem of all Kashmir Lakes' and is the deepest lake in India?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake, located in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, is known as the supreme gem of all Kashmir lakes and is considered the deepest lake in India.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
446📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity & Constitution
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution are borrowed from the constitution of which country?
Explanation
The Directive Principles of State Policy, enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, are borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland (which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution).
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
447📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity & Constitution
Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of Parliament)?
Explanation
According to Article 64 of the Indian Constitution, the Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
448📚🏛️ CivicsIndian Polity & Constitution
How many Schedules were originally present in the Constitution of India when it was adopted in 1949?
Explanation
The Constitution of India originally had 8 schedules when adopted in 1949. Currently, there are 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
449📚🌍 General AwarenessGeneral Science
Which organ in the human body is responsible for producing the hormone insulin?
Explanation
The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, specifically through its endocrine cells called beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
450📚🗺️ GeographyGeography of J&K
How many administrative districts are there currently in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Following the creation of the Union Territory of Ladakh (consisting of Leh and Kargil), the UT of J&K is left with exactly 20 administrative districts.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
451📚📝 EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with the appropriate article: 'She is ________ MBA graduate.'
Explanation
Even though 'M' is a consonant letter, the word 'MBA' starts with a vowel sound /em/. Hence, the article 'an' is appropriate.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
452📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement
Fill in the blank with the correct form of verb: 'Neither the teacher nor the students ________ present in the auditorium.'
Explanation
When compound subjects are joined by 'neither... nor', the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. Here, the plural noun 'students' is closest, so we use 'were'.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
453📚📝 EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: 'He is senior ________ me in service.'
Explanation
Adjectives like senior, junior, superior, inferior, prior, etc., are followed by the preposition 'to' instead of 'than'.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
454📚📝 EnglishConditional Sentences
Fill in the blank with the appropriate conditional verb form: 'If it rains, we ________ the cricket match.'
Explanation
This is a Type 1 conditional sentence (present real). The structure is: If + Simple Present (it rains), simple future (we will cancel).
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
455📚📝 EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement
Fill in the blank: 'The committee ________ divided in their opinions.'
Explanation
Collective nouns (like committee) take a plural verb ('were') when the members are acting individually, having different opinions, or divided.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
456📚📝 EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: 'She is very good ________ English.'
Explanation
We use 'good at' something (e.g., 'good at English', 'good at sports') to indicate skill or proficiency.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
457📚💻 ComputerInput & Output Devices
Which of the following devices is purely an input device?
Explanation
A keyboard is used to enter text and commands into the computer, making it an input device. Monitors, printers, and speakers are output devices.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
458📚💻 ComputerInternet & Networking
What does HTTP stand for in web technology?
Explanation
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
459📚💻 ComputerInternet & Networking
Which of the following protocol is used specifically for sending electronic mail (email)?
Explanation
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for sending/routing emails from one server to another.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
460📚💻 ComputerComputer Security
A software program designed to infiltrate, damage, or disable computer systems without the user's consent is called:
Explanation
Malware (short for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
461📚💻 ComputerInternet & Networking
Which networking device is primarily used to connect multiple computer networks together and route data packets between them?
Explanation
A router connects different networks (e.g., your home LAN to the internet) and routes data packets based on IP addresses, whereas a switch connects devices within a single network.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
462📚🔢 MathTime & Work
AA can do a piece of work in 1212 days, and BB can do the same work in 1818 days. Working together, in how many days can they complete the work?
Explanation
Let total work be LCM(12,18)=36\text{LCM}(12, 18) = 36 units.
Efficiency of A=3612=3A = \frac{36}{12} = 3 units/day.
Efficiency of B=3618=2B = \frac{36}{18} = 2 units/day.
Combined efficiency of AA and B=3+2=5B = 3 + 2 = 5 units/day.
Time taken working together = 365=7.2\frac{36}{5} = 7.2 days.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
463📚🧩 ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a photograph, a man said: 'I have no brother or sister, but that man's father is my father's son.' Whose photograph was it?
Explanation
Since the speaker has no brother or sister, 'my father's son' refers to the speaker himself. Thus, the statement becomes: 'that man's father is ME'. Hence, the photograph is of the speaker's son.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
464📚🧩 ReasoningDirection Sense
A man walks 5 km5 \text{ km} towards South, then turns right and walks 3 km3 \text{ km}. He then turns left and walks 5 km5 \text{ km}. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
Let starting point be (0,0)(0,0).
1. Walks 5 km5 \text{ km} South     (0,5)\implies (0, -5).
2. Turns right (West) and walks 3 km    (3,5)3 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -5).
3. Turns left (South) and walks 5 km    (3,10)5 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -10).
The point (3,10)(-3, -10) lies in the South-West quadrant relative to (0,0)(0,0).
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
465📚🧩 ReasoningClassification
Find the odd one out among the given options.
Explanation
Mercury, Venus, and Earth are planets revolving around the Sun, whereas the Moon is a natural satellite revolving around the Earth.
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
466📚📖 UrduUrdu Idioms
محاورہ 'آسمان سے باتیں کرنا' کا کیا مطلب ہے؟
Explanation
The idiom 'Aasman se baatein karna' means to be very tall, high, or eminent.
'آسمان سے باتیں کرنا' کا مطلب بہت اونچا یا بلند ہونا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB📋 Revenue Department
467📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyInternational Environmental Treaties
__________ is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Explanation
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (agreed on 16 September 1987) is an international environmental treaty designed to protect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
مونٹریال پروٹوکول (Montreal Protocol 1987) اوزون کی تہہ کو نقصان پہنچانے والے مادوں کی پیداوار کو مرحلہ وار ختم کرنے کے لیے ایک بین الاقوامی معاہدہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
468📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyClimate Change & Treaties
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits state parties to:
Explanation
The Kyoto Protocol (adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 under the UNFCCC) is an international treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including CO2,CH4,N2O,HFCs,PFCs,SF6CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF_6) to fight global warming.
کیوٹو پروٹوکول (Kyoto Protocol) کا بنیادی مقصد گلوبل وارمنگ کے خلاف گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج کو کم کرنا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
469📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBIS Standards for Effluents
Identify the guiding standard for industrial effluent from the following:
Explanation
IS 2490 (1974 / 1981) provides the Indian Standard tolerance limits for industrial effluents discharged into inland surface waters.
IS 2490-1974 صنعتی اخراج (Industrial Effluent) کے لیے ہندوستانی معیار ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
470📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEutrophication & Algicides
Consider the following statements;
a. Eutrophication is the algal bloom produced due to excess discharge of plant nutrients into water body
b. Can be added by adding copper sulphate to water.
Explanation
Both statements (a) and (b) are true. Statement (a) defines eutrophication caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Statement (b) is true because copper sulphate (CuSO4CuSO_4) is widely applied as an effective chemical algicide to control and eradicate unwanted algal blooms in water bodies.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں: یوٹروفیکیشن غذائی اجزاء کی زیادتی سے الجی کی افزائش ہے، اور کاپر سلفیٹ (CuSO4CuSO_4) الجی کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے شامل کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
471📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Screening Criteria
Which of the following is NOT a regular standard for figuring out whether an EIA is necessary?
Explanation
During the Screening stage of EIA, decision criteria focus strictly on environmental factors: project magnitude/scale, location in ecologically sensitive areas, and technical complexity. Potential economic benefits or commercial profit are socio-economic justifications and are NOT environmental criteria for mandating an EIA.
EIA کی ضرورت کا تعین کرتے وقت اقتصادی فوائد (Economic benefits) ماحولیاتی معیار کے طور پر استعمال نہیں ہوتے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
472📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Report Components
The Environmental Impact Assessment Report may consist of:
a. Assessment of the Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implications
b. Assessment of the Land Contamination
c. Assessment of the Hazard to Life
d. Assessment of the Cultural Heritage Impact
Choose the best option.
Explanation
A comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report encompasses multi-disciplinary assessments including wastewater infrastructure, land contamination, hazards to life and safety, and impacts on historical and cultural heritage sites.
EIA رپورٹ میں سیوریج، زمین کی آلودگی، زندگی کے خطرات، اور ثقافتی ورثے کے تمام اثرات شامل ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
473📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceEIA Public Hearing Exemptions
Consider the following projects and choose the best option for which the Public hearing is not required in the EIA?
i. Strengthening and widening of highways.
ii. Modernization of existing irrigation projects.
Explanation
Under the EIA Notification 2006 (and its amendments), public hearing is exempt for projects involving highway expansion/widening without substantial additional land acquisition, as well as the modernization of existing irrigation projects without changing command area boundaries.
ہائی وے کی توسیع اور موجودہ آبپاشی منصوبوں کی جدید کاری کے لیے بعض شرائط کے تحت عوامی سماعت لازمی نہیں ہوتی۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
474📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Organizations
IAIA stands for
Explanation
IAIA stands for the International Association for Impact Assessment, the leading global network on best practices in impact assessment for sustainable development.
IAIA کا مطلب انٹرنیشنل ایسوسی ایشن فار امپیکٹ اسیسمنٹ (International Association for Impact Assessment) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
475📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceStockholm Conference & EPA History
The Environment Protection Act 1986 was enacted following the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
Explanation
India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution to implement the decisions taken at the landmark United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972.
ہندوستان نے جون 1972 میں اسٹاک ہوم (Stockholm) میں منعقدہ اقوام متحدہ کی ماحولیاتی کانفرنس کے فیصلوں پر عمل کرتے ہوئے EPA 1986 پاس کیا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
476📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRiver Basin Authorities & NGRBA
National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is responsible for ________ duties.
Explanation
The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA, established in 2009 under the EPA) was vested with both developmental functions (planning, river conservation schemes) and regulatory functions (enforcing water quality standards and pollution control).
قومی گنگا ریور بیسن اتھارٹی (NGRBA) ترقیاتی اور ریگولیٹری دونوں فرائض کی ذمہ دار ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
477📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981
Consider the following pairs from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
1. Section 21 | a. Power of State Government to supersede State Board
2. Section 47 | b. Power of State Government to make rules
3. Section 53 | c. Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants
4. Section 54 | d. Power of Central Government to make rules
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Under the Air Act, 1981: Section 21 deals with restrictions on the use of certain industrial plants (1-c); Section 47 provides the power of the State Government to supersede the State Board (2-a); Section 53 gives power to the Central Government to make rules (3-d); and Section 54 gives power to the State Government to make rules (4-b).
ایئر ایکٹ 1981 کے تحت دفعہ 21 صنعتی پلانٹس پر پابندی، دفعہ 47 بورڈ کو معطل کرنے کا اختیار، دفعہ 53 مرکزی حکومت کے قواعد اور دفعہ 54 ریاستی حکومت کے قواعد سے متعلق ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
478📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBasel Convention on Hazardous Wastes
Which of the following convention governs the Hazardous waste management?
Explanation
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) is the international treaty specifically governing hazardous waste management and minimizing its transboundary shipments.
باسل کنونشن (Basel Convention) زہریلے اور خطرناک فضلہ (Hazardous waste) کے بین الاقوامی انتظام اور نقل و حمل کو منظم کرتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
479📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Framework in India
Which of the following ministries serves as the central node for coordinating disaster management efforts for all natural disasters, with the exception of drought?
Explanation
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the nodal ministry at the national level for coordinating disaster management and relief for all natural disasters (floods, cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides), with the sole exception of drought which is coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
خشک سالی (Drought) کے علاوہ تمام قدرتی آفات کے انتظام کے لیے وزارت داخلہ (MHA) مرکزی نوڈل وزارت ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
480📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementState Disaster Management Authorities
State Disaster Management Authority is headed by
Explanation
Under Section 14(1) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) is headed by the Chief Minister of the State as its ex-officio Chairperson (or Lieutenant Governor in UTs).
اسٹیٹ ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ اتھارٹی (SDMA) کا سربراہ ریاست کا وزیر اعلیٰ (Chief Minister) ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
481📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyFirst Aid & Emergency Response
The purpose of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to
Explanation
The primary objective of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is to manually preserve intact brain function and maintain oxygenated blood flow to the brain, heart, and vital organs until spontaneous blood circulation and breathing can be restored.
سی پی آر (CPR) کا بنیادی مقصد دماغ اور جسم کے اہم اعضاء تک آکسیجن ملے خون کے بہاؤ کو برقرار رکھنا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
482📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnergy Resources
Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of:
Explanation
Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) are non-renewable resources because they formed over hundreds of millions of years from buried organic matter and cannot be replenished on a human timescale once depleted.
کوئلہ، پٹرولیم، اور قدرتی گیس غیر قابل تجدید وسائل (Non-renewable resources) کی مثالیں ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
483📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyParticulate Matter & Human Health
Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to health issues primarily affecting the:
Explanation
Fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm\le 2.5\text{ }\mu\text{m} (PM2.5PM_{2.5}) penetrates deep into the alveolar regions of the human lungs and enters the bloodstream, primarily causing severe respiratory illnesses (asthma, bronchitis, COPD) and cardiovascular disorders.
باریک ذرات (PM2.5PM_{2.5}) سانس کے ذریعے پھیپھڑوں میں گہرائی تک داخل ہو کر نظام تنفس (Respiratory system) کو نقصان پہنچاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
484📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRadiation Hazards & Health
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of:
Explanation
Ultraviolet radiation (specifically UV-B and UV-A) damages the DNA of skin cells, leading to genetic mutations that substantially increase the risk of skin cancers (including malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) and cataracts.
سورج سے آنے والی الٹرا وائلٹ (UV) تابکاری کی طویل نمائش جلد کے کینسر (Skin cancer) کا خطرہ بڑھاتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
485📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTreatment Plant Design Parameters
The design period in wastewater treatment refers to the:
Explanation
The design period of a wastewater treatment plant or civil engineering project is the future number of years for which the capacity and components are designed to adequately serve projected population and loads without major expansion (typically 15–30 years).
ڈیزائن پیریڈ سے مراد کسی واٹر ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹ کی متوقع مفید آپریشنل مدت (Lifespan) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
486📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCoagulation & Flocculation
Coagulation is the process of:
Explanation
Coagulation is the chemical water treatment process where chemical coagulants (like alum, Al2(SO4)3Al_2(SO_4)_3) are added and rapid-mixed to neutralize colloidal surface charges, destabilizing fine particles to aggregate into settleable flocs.
کوایگولیشن (Coagulation) وہ عمل ہے جس میں کیمیکلز ملا کر باریک ذرات کے گچھے (Flocs) بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
487📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Waste Management
The waste generated by the tannery industry is often characterized by:
Explanation
Tannery industrial effluents are characterized by extremely high organic matter loads (BOD/COD), high total dissolved solids, elevated sulfides, and toxic heavy metals like hexavalent/trivalent Chromium used during leather tanning.
چمڑا سازی کی صنعت (Tannery) کے فضلے میں زیادہ نامیاتی مواد اور زہریلے کیمیکلز (کرومیم وغیرہ) ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
488📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNutrient Removal & Eutrophication
The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to prevent:
Explanation
Nitrogen and phosphorus are limiting plant macronutrients. Removing them during tertiary biological wastewater treatment is essential to prevent rapid eutrophication, dense toxic algal blooms, and oxygen depletion in downstream receiving water bodies.
نائٹروجن اور فاسفورس کو صاف کرنا ندی نالوں میں الجی کے پھیلاؤ اور یوٹروفیکیشن کو روکنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
489📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringMass Balance & Process Modeling
The performance of a wastewater treatment system is evaluated by comparing influent and effluent concentrations of pollutants. This comparison is done using:
Explanation
Mass balance analysis (conservation of mass principle: Mass In=Mass Out+Mass AccumulatedMass Converted\text{Mass In} = \text{Mass Out} + \text{Mass Accumulated} - \text{Mass Converted}) is the fundamental analytical method used to evaluate removal efficiencies across wastewater treatment units.
ٹریٹمنٹ سسٹم کی کارکردگی کا جائزہ لینے کے لیے ماس بیلنس انالیسس (Mass balance analysis) کا طریقہ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
490📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityMicrobial Indicators & Disinfection
The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in effluent indicates:
Explanation
Fecal coliforms (E. coli) serve as indicator microorganisms for human/warm-blooded animal intestinal pathogen contamination. Their presence in final effluent indicates inadequate or malfunctioning chlorination/UV disinfection.
خارج شدہ پانی میں فیکل کالیفارم کی موجودگی جراثیم کشی (Disinfection) کے ناقص ہونے کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
491📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Impact Statement (EIS)
An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a document that:
Explanation
An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a formal public document resulting from the EIA study that outlines the environmental consequences of a proposed development and specifies the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and mitigation measures.
انوائرنمنٹل امپیکٹ اسٹیٹمنٹ (EIS) وہ دستاویز ہے جس میں کسی پروجیکٹ کے ممکنہ ماحولیاتی اثرات اور ان کے سدباب کے اقدامات درج ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
492📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Impact Assessment
Socio-economic impacts of a project relate to its effects on:
Explanation
Socio-economic impact assessment evaluates changes in human population, employment opportunities, local community livelihoods, public health services, housing, cultural displacement, and overall community well-being.
سماجی و اقتصادی اثرات کا تعلق لوگوں کے روزگار، ملازمتوں، اور کمیونٹی کی فلاح و بہبود سے ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
493📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Applications in EIA
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used in EIA to:
Explanation
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are digital spatial mapping tools used in EIA for spatial data overlay, site selection, sensitivity zoning, modeling land-use alterations, and visualizing projected impact radii on maps.
GIS کا استعمال جغرافیائی ڈیٹا کو نقشوں پر دکھانے اور ماحولیاتی اثرات کا فضائی تجزیہ کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
494📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies
Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:
Explanation
Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.
ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
495📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Modeling Tools
Which software is commonly used for modeling and simulating environmental impacts?
Explanation
Specialized environmental modeling software (such as AERMOD and CALPUFF for air dispersion, QUAL2K for water quality, and SoundPLAN for acoustics) is standard for numerical simulations in EIA.
ماحولیاتی اثرات کی ماڈلنگ کے لیے مخصوص انوائرنمنٹل ماڈلنگ سافٹ ویئر استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
496📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEcological Terminology: Biota
In EIA, the term "biota" refers to:
Explanation
In ecology and EIA terminology, 'biota' encompasses all the combined flora (plants, trees, vegetation) and fauna (animals, birds, aquatic organisms) inhabiting a specified geographical region.
ماحولیات میں 'بائیوٹا' (Biota) سے مراد کسی علاقے کے تمام پودے، نباتات اور حیوانات ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
497📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic environment encompasses aspects related to:
Explanation
The socio-economic environment includes aspects related to human society, culture, community well-being, employment, education, demographic shifts, and local economic livelihoods.
سماجی و اقتصادی ماحول کمیونٹی کی فلاح و بہبود اور روزگار کے پہلوؤں پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
498📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceAir Act 1981 Powers
The Air Act, 1981, empowers the central and state boards to take measures for:
Explanation
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 empowers environmental boards to declare air pollution control areas, set emission standards, inspect industrial plants, and take all necessary measures for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution.
ایئر ایکٹ 1981 کا بنیادی مقصد ہوا کی آلودگی کی روک تھام اور اس پر قابو پانا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
499📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyWorkplace Safety Audits
Safety audits help in:
Explanation
Safety audits systematically review workplace operations, identify potential hazards, evaluate legal compliance, and enhance occupational health and safety (OHS) performance standards.
حفاظتی آڈٹ (Safety audits) کام کی جگہ پر پیشہ ورانہ صحت اور حفاظت کے معیارات کو بہتر بنانے میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
500📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Planning
Disaster management plans are designed to:
Explanation
Disaster management plans structure preparedness, rapid response, resource mobilization, and recovery strategies to minimize loss of life, injury, and structural damage from major disasters.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلانز بڑی ہنگامی صورتحال اور آفات کے منفی اثرات اور نقصانات کو کم کرنے کے لیے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
501📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementMock Drills & Emergency Preparedness
The purpose of conducting drills and mock exercises in disaster management is to:
Explanation
Mock drills and simulation exercises validate emergency preparedness, evaluate communication channels, test evacuation timing, and familiarize personnel with emergency protocols.
موک مشقوں (Mock drills) کا مقصد ہنگامی منصوبوں کی تاثیر اور تیاری کا عملی جائزہ لینا ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
502📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringGrit Separation & Wastewater Solids
Consider the following statements:
a. Grit represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
b. Chloramine represents the heavier inert matter in wastewater.
c. Ammonia represents the purity of water.
d. Plankton represents the fully treated wastewater.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement (a) is correct: Grit refers to the heavier, non-putrescible inorganic mineral matter (such as sand, gravel, eggshells, and silt) with specific gravity >2.0> 2.0 present in wastewater.
گریٹ (Grit) سیوریج میں موجود ریت اور بھاری غیر نامیاتی ٹھوس مادے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔ (صرف بیان a درست ہے)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
503📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityChemical Reagents in Water Analysis
Consider the following pairs:
a. NGT | 1. pH experiment
b. Alum | 2. Chloride content experiment
c. AgNO3AgNO_3 | 3. Coagulant
d. HNO3HNO_3 | 4. Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Alum (aluminum sulfate) is a standard chemical Coagulant (b-3), and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3AgNO_3) is the standard titrant used in Mohr's argentometric method to determine chloride content in water using potassium chromate indicator (c-2).
پھٹکری (Alum) کوایگولینٹ کے طور پر کام کرتی ہے (b-3) اور سلور نائٹریٹ (AgNO3AgNO_3) کلورائیڈ ٹیسٹ کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے (c-2)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
504📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Assessment Tools (REA)
What is the REA tool?
Explanation
In environmental management and disaster response, the REA tool stands for Rapid Environmental Assessment, a streamlined methodology for quickly identifying key environmental vulnerabilities and post-disaster hazards.
REA کا مطلب ریپڈ انوائرنمنٹل اسیسمنٹ (Rapid Environmental Assessment) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
505📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceBhopal Gas Tragedy & EPA 1986
When EPA came into force?
Explanation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted by the Parliament of India in the immediate aftermath of the catastrophic December 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy (Union Carbide pesticide plant toxic methyl isocyanate gas leak).
انوائرنمنٹ پروٹیکشن ایکٹ 1986 (EPA) بھوپال گیس سانحہ (1984) کے بعد نافذ کیا گیا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
506📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWater Act 1974 Sections
Which section of Water Act 1974 deals with Compulsory acquisition of land for the State Board?
Explanation
Section 56 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 provides for the compulsory acquisition of land for the State Pollution Control Board under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act.
واٹر ایکٹ 1974 کی دفعہ 56 ریاستی بورڈ کے لیے زمین کے لازمی حصول سے متعلق ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
507📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityPotable Water Standards & Characteristics
Consider the following pairs:
a. pH of potable water | 1. Chemical characteristic of water
b. Domestic water demand | 2. Physical characteristic of water
c. Pathogens | 3. 6.5-8.5
d. BOD | 4. 7
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
According to IS 10500, the acceptable pH of potable drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5 (a-3), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures the Chemical/Biological oxygen requirement characterizing water (d-1).
پینے کے پانی کا قابل قبول pH 6.5 سے 8.5 کے درمیان ہوتا ہے (a-3) اور BOD پانی کی کیمیائی خصوصیت ہے (d-1)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
508📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyBiotic vs Abiotic Components
Which among the following is abiotic?
Explanation
Air is an abiotic (non-living physical/chemical) component of the environment. Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants are living biotic components.
ہوا (Air) ماحول کا ایک غیر جاندار یعنی ای بائیوٹک (Abiotic) جزو ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
509📚🔬 Biology & MicrobiologyBacterial Classification & Decomposers
Which bacteria live on dead, decaying organic matters and dead tissues hence beneficial to mankind?
Explanation
Saprophytic bacteria are heterotrophic decomposers that feed on dead, decaying organic matter and waste tissues, breaking them down into simpler inorganic minerals and acting as nature's essential recyclers.
سیپروفائٹک بیکٹیریا (Saprophytic Bacteria) مردہ اور سڑنے والے نامیاتی مادوں کو کھا کر قدرتی صفائی اور ری سائیکلنگ میں مدد دیتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
510📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Definition & Concepts
What is full form of EIA?
Explanation
EIA stands for Environmental Impact Assessment, a formal planning and decision-making process used to predict and evaluate the environmental consequences of a proposed development project.
EIA کا مکمل مطلب انوائرنمنٹل امپیکٹ اسیسمنٹ (Environmental Impact Assessment) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
511📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards
Which of the ISO 14000 series of standards focuses on evaluation of environmental performance?
Explanation
ISO 14031 provides international standard guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) within an organization's Environmental Management System.
ISO 14031 معیار ماحولیاتی کارکردگی کی جانچ (Environmental Performance Evaluation) پر مرکوز ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
512📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyInternational Environmental Conferences
Which of the following is NOT the key international conferences on environment to the development of international environmental law?
Explanation
The landmark historical UN environmental summits shaping international environmental law are: Stockholm 1972, Rio Earth Summit 1992, and Johannesburg WSSD 2002. There was no landmark international treaty summit named 'WEC 1988'.
اسٹاک ہوم 1972، ریو 1992، اور جوہانسبرگ 2002 بین الاقوامی ماحولیاتی قانون کی بنیاد ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
513📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Movements in India
Arrange the following environmental movements in chronological order.
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan
2. Silent Valley movement
3. Chipko movement
4. Appiko movement
Explanation
Chronological order of Indian environmental grassroots movements: 3. Chipko Movement (1973 in Uttarakhand) → 2. Silent Valley Movement (1978 in Kerala) → 4. Appiko Movement (1983 in Karnataka) → 1. Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985). Correct sequence: 3, 2, 4, 1.
ماحولیاتی تحریکوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: چپکو تحریک 1973 (3) ← سائلنٹ ویلی 1978 (2) ← ایپیکو 1983 (4) ← نرمدا بچاؤ آندولن 1985 (1)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
514📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementMajor Global Environmental Disasters
Arrange the following environmental disasters in chronological order.
1. Niger-Delta Oil Pollution
2. India - Bhopal Cyanide Gas Leak
3. Italy - Seveso Dioxin Cloud
4. Romania - Cyanide Spill
Explanation
Chronological sequence: 3. Seveso Dioxin Disaster, Italy (July 1976) → 2. Bhopal Gas Leak, India (December 1984) → 4. Baia Mare Cyanide Spill, Romania (January 2000) → 1. Niger Delta ongoing spills.
ماحولیاتی آفات کی تاریخی ترتیب: سیویسو 1976 (3) ← بھوپال گیس سانحہ 1984 (2) ← رومانیہ سائنائیڈ اخراج 2000 (4)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
515📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyActive vs Passive Fire Protection
What is Fire extinguisher?
Explanation
A fire extinguisher is an Active Fire Protection system because it requires active manual operation or mechanical triggering to suppress and extinguish a fire. (Fire-rated walls and fire doors are passive systems).
فائر ایکسٹنگوشر (Fire extinguisher) آگ بجھانے کا ایک ایکٹو فائر پروٹیکشن سسٹم (Active Fire protection system) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
516📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityWater Chemistry & Odors
Consider the following statements:
a) The smell of hydrogen sulphide is like a rotten egg in wastewater.
b) Presence of algae in water increases alkalinity of water.
c) Alkali salts are used to balance pH of acidic water.
d) Hydrogen sulphide is odourless gas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct: Hydrogen sulfide (H2SH_2S) produces a characteristic rotten egg odor, algal photosynthesis removes dissolved CO2CO_2 which shifts bicarbonate equilibria and increases water pH/alkalinity, and alkaline salts (like lime or soda ash) neutralize acidic water.
ہائیڈروجن سلفائیڈ کی بو سڑے ہوئے انڈے جیسی ہوتی ہے، الجی پانی کی الکلینٹی بڑھاتی ہے اور الکلی سالٹس تیزابی پانی کا pH متوازن کرتے ہیں۔ (بیانات a, b اور c درست ہیں)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
517📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) Testing
Where Whatman's filter paper is used?
Explanation
Whatman glass microfiber filter paper (such as Grade 934-AH or Whatman 40/42) is used in laboratory gravimetric analysis to filter and determine Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in water samples.
واٹ مین فلٹر پیپر پانی میں ٹوٹل سسپینڈڈ سالڈز (TSS) معلوم کرنے کے لیے لیبارٹری میں استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
518📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Cycle
Arrange the following phases of Disaster Management in the correct sequence.
1. Mitigation
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Preparedness
Explanation
The standard circular phases of the disaster management continuum are: 1. Mitigation (risk reduction) → 4. Preparedness (readiness before disaster) → 2. Response (immediate emergency relief) → 3. Recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction). Sequence: 1, 4, 2, 3.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ کے مراحل کا درست سلسلہ: تخفیف (1) ← تیاری (4) ← فوری رسپانس (2) ← بحالی (3)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
519📚🔬 Biology & MicrobiologyPlankton & Aquatic Ecology
What is plankton?
Explanation
Plankton refers to the diverse collection of microscopic drifting organisms inhabiting water bodies, categorized into phytoplankton (microscopic photosynthetic plants/algae) and zooplankton (microscopic animals).
پلینکٹن (Plankton) پانی میں تیرنے والے خوردبینی پودوں (Phytoplankton) اور جانداروں پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
520📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRamsar Convention International Partners
Which of the following are Partners of Ramsar Convention?
1. International Union for conservation of Nature
2. Birdlife International
3. International Water Management Institute
4. Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust
Select the correct option:
Explanation
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has six International Organization Partners (IOPs): IUCN, BirdLife International, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wetlands International, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT), and WWF. All four listed are official partners.
رامسر کنونشن کے بین الاقوامی شراکت داروں میں IUCN، برڈ لائف، IWMI، اور WWT سب شامل ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
521📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCPCB Constitution & Water Act
In constitution of central board for prevention and control of water pollution how many persons are nominated by government, which represents the companies or corporation owned, controlled or managed by central government.
Explanation
Under Section 3(2)(c) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Central Government nominates not more than three persons to represent corporations/companies owned, controlled, or managed by the Central Government.
واٹر ایکٹ 1974 کے تحت مرکزی حکومت کے ملکیتی اداروں کی نمائندگی کے لیے 3 افراد نامزد کیے جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
522📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceSolid Waste Management Rules 2016
As per Solid Waste Management rule 2016 which ministry decides tariff or charges for the power generated from the waste to energy plant based on solid waste.
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, the Ministry of Power (and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions) is responsible for determining the tariff, power purchase agreements, and mandatory power procurement from Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق منسٹری آف پاور (Ministry of Power) پاور ٹیرف کا تعین کرتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
523📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringLandfill Closure & Vegetation Criteria
Criteria for plantation at landfill sites should be:
1. Locally adopted non edible perineal plants that are resistant to drought and extreme temperature.
2. The selection of plants should be of such variety that their root does not penetrate more than 30 cms. This condition shall apply till landfill is stabilized.
3. Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low nutrients soil with minimum nutrient addition.
4. Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimize soil erosion.
Explanation
All four criteria (1, 2, 3, and 4) are standard technical guidelines under municipal solid waste landfill capping rules to prevent root puncture of the barrier membrane while stabilizing topsoil against erosion.
لینڈ فل سائیٹس پر شجرکاری کے لیے چاروں شرائط (مقامی پودے، جڑوں کی محدود گہرائی، کم غذائی مٹی پر افزائش اور کٹاؤ کی روک تھام) درست ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
524📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityHeavy Metal Toxicity: Chromium Species
Which state of chromium is more toxic?
Explanation
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+\text{Cr}^{6+}) is highly mobile, strong oxidizing, highly toxic, mutagenic, and a known human carcinogen compared to trivalent chromium (Cr3+\text{Cr}^{3+}), which is an essential nutrient with low toxicity.
ہیکساویلنٹ کرومیم (Cr6+\text{Cr}^{6+}) سب سے زیادہ زہریلا اور کینسر پیدا کرنے والا مادہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
525📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityIdeal Disinfectant Characteristics
Consider the following statements:
1. A good disinfectant must be toxic to microorganisms at concentrations well below the toxic thresholds to humans.
2. It should have fast rate of killing.
3. Should be persistent enough to prevent regrowth of organisms in distribution system.
4. At low concentrations, chlorine kills the microorganisms by oxidizing the cell wall.
Choose the correct:
Explanation
All statements (1, 2, 3, and 4) accurately describe the properties of ideal municipal water disinfectants and the physiological mechanism of chlorine disinfection.
ایک اچھے جراثیم کش مادے میں یہ تمام خصوصیات (1، 2، 3 اور 4) ہونی چاہئیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
526📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyOzone Layer & Ozone Depleting Substances
Regarding the Ozone Layer, consider the following statements:
1. 90% of ozone occurs naturally in the Stratosphere.
2. Methyl bromide is an Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are correct: Approximately 90% of atmospheric ozone resides in the stratosphere (the ozone layer), and Methyl bromide (CH3BrCH_3Br), widely used as an agricultural fumigant, is a potent ozone-depleting substance controlled under the Montreal Protocol.
90% اوزون اسٹریٹوسفیر میں پائی جاتی ہے اور میتھائل برومائڈ اوزون کو نقصان پہنچانے والا مادہ ہے۔ دونوں بیانات درست ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
527📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringIndustrial Effluent Standards: Sugar Industry
Permissible limit of Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)(\text{mg/L}) for disposal in surface waters from Sugar industry is:
Explanation
Under CPCB and MoEFCC Environment (Protection) Rules for effluent discharge into inland surface water, the permissible limit for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from the Sugar industry is 100 mg/L100\text{ mg/L}.
شوگر انڈسٹری سے ندی نالوں میں خارج کیے جانے والے پانی میں TSS کی قابل قبول حد 100 ملی گرام فی لیٹر ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
528📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyMontreux Record & Ramsar Wetlands
With reference to the Montreux Protocol which of the statement is correct?
Explanation
The Montreux Record (under Ramsar Convention) is a register of wetland sites on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance where adverse ecological changes have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution, or human interference.
مونٹروکس ریکارڈ (Montreux Record) خطرے سے دوچار اہم آبی ذخائر (Wetlands) کا بین الاقوامی رجسٹر ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
529📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyKigali Amendment on HFCs
With reference to the Kigali Agreement, consider the following statement:
1. It was introduced as an amendment to the Montreal Protocol
2. It aims for the phase-down of HFCs
3. It came into force in September 2019
Which of the following are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: The Kigali Amendment (2016) amended the Montreal Protocol to legally phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Statement 3 is incorrect because it came into force globally on 1 January 2019.
کیگالی معاہدہ مونٹریال پروٹوکول میں ترمیم ہے اور اس کا مقصد HFCs کو مرحلہ وار کم کرنا ہے۔ (بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
530📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceWildlife Protection Act Protected Areas
Which of the following is/are have been provided for in the Wildlife protection act, 1972?
1. National parks
2. Wildlife sanctuaries
3. Biosphere reserves
Select the correct answer:
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 specifically provides for the statutory declaration and management of Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves. Biosphere Reserves are established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme.
وائلڈ لائف پروٹیکشن ایکٹ 1972 کے تحت نیشنل پارکس اور وائلڈ لائف سینکچوریز قائم کی جاتی ہیں۔ (1 اور 2 درست ہیں)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
531📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyNAAQS Air Quality Sampling Protocol
Annual average for air pollution means total of........ measurements in a year.
Explanation
In National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), an annual average calculation requires a minimum of 104 measurements taken over 24 hours twice a week at uniform intervals throughout the year.
سالانہ اوسط ایئر کوالٹی کے لیے سال میں کم از کم 104 پیمائشیں (ہفتے میں دو بار) لازمی ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
532📚📜 Environmental Law & Governance42nd Constitutional Amendment & Environment
Which amendment explicitly incorporated Article 48-A and 51-A (g) into the Constitution?
Explanation
The landmark 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle directing the State to protect and improve the environment) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty of citizens).
42ویں آئینی ترمیم 1976 کے ذریعے آئین میں ماحولیات سے متعلق آرٹیکل 48-A اور 51-A(g) شامل کیے گئے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
533📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Sludge Disposal & Heavy Metals
Municipal sewage sludge can be used as a fertilizer but may be unsuitable because of the presence of:
Explanation
Municipal sewage sludge (biosolids) contains valuable plant nutrients but can be hazardous for agricultural application due to the presence of non-biodegradable Heavy Metals (Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,AsCd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As) and organic micropollutants that bioaccumulate in food crops.
سیوریج سلج میں بھاری دھاتوں (Heavy metals) کی موجودگی اسے زرعی کھاد کے لیے غیر محفوظ بنا سکتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
534📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Methodology & Standards
Which of the following is NOT included during EIA?
Explanation
EIA requires rigorous quantitative empirical measurements, baseline comparison, and environmental management plans; superficial or vague qualitative-only scoring without baseline validation is inadequate.
EIA میں صرف مبہم معیاری بیانات کی بجائے مقداری پیمائش اور جامع ماڈلنگ لازمی ہوتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
535📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Given below are two statements. One labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a more advanced tool in environmental management.
Reason (R): SEA is applicable at the level of policy, planning and programs.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) correctly explains (A). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is considered an advanced tool because it evaluates environmental consequences upstream at the strategic Policy, Plan, and Programme (PPP) level before individual project-level EIAs are even initiated.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور (R) درست وجہ بتاتا ہے کہ SEA پالیسی اور پلاننگ کی سطح پر کام کرتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
536📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceLandfill Siting Buffer Distances
According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
537📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernancePlastic Waste EPR Categories
Match the following with respect to plastic packaging:
List 1: 1. Category I, 2. Category II, 3. Category III, 4. Category IV
List 2: i. Multilayered plastic packaging, ii. Carry bags of compostable plastic, iii. Rigid plastic packaging, iv. Flexible plastic packaging single or multilayer
Select the correct option:
Explanation
Under Plastic Waste Management (Extended Producer Responsibility) Rules: Category I = Rigid plastic packaging (iii), Category II = Flexible plastic packaging (iv), Category III = Multi-layered plastic packaging (i), Category IV = Plastic sheet/carry bags of compostable plastic (ii). Option B matches perfectly.
پلاسٹک رولز کے تحت کیٹیگری I سخت پلاسٹک ہے (iii)، کیٹیگری II لچکدار پلاسٹک ہے (iv)، کیٹیگری III ملٹی لیئر ہے (i) اور کیٹیگری IV کمپوسٹ ایبل ہے (ii)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
538📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityPhosphorus Analysis Methods
Which method is commonly employed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating phosphorus levels in water samples?
Explanation
The standard US EPA and Standard Methods procedure for determining dissolved and total phosphorus is the automated or manual Ascorbic Acid Colorimetric Method, where orthophosphate reacts with ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate to form a phosphomolybdenum blue complex measured spectrophotometrically at 880 nm.
پانی میں فاسفورس کی پیمائش کے لیے ایسکوربک ایسڈ کا اسپیکٹرو فوٹومیٹرک طریقہ (Ascorbic acid method) استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
539📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySmog Definition & Formation
Smog is the mixture of
Explanation
The word 'smog' was originally coined by Dr. H.A. Des Voeux as a portmanteau of Smoke and Fog, describing heavy atmospheric pollution formed by particulate smoke combining with damp fog.
سموگ (Smog) دھوئیں (Smoke) اور دھند (Fog) کے ملاپ سے بنتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
540📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyPollution & Human Health Hazards
An example of a health hazard associated with environmental pollution is
Explanation
Exposure to particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and toxic fumes in ambient air triggers severe chronic respiratory illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and lung cancer.
ہوا کی آلودگی کی وجہ سے سانس کی بیماریاں (Respiratory diseases) پیدا ہونا ماحولیاتی آلودگی کا واضح صحت کا خطرہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
541📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyHealth Effects of Ozone Depletion
Which of the following diseases is majorly caused due to ozone depletion?
Explanation
Ozone layer thinning allows harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to penetrate to Earth's surface, causing cellular DNA damage that significantly increases the incidence of skin cancers (melanoma and carcinomas) and cataracts.
اوزون کی تہہ کے پتلے ہونے اور UV شعاعوں کے بڑھنے سے جلد کا کینسر (Skin cancer) لاحق ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
542📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage Plant Design Horizon
The estimated design period for sewage treatment facility typically ranges from
Explanation
Under standard CPHEEO civil and environmental engineering guidelines, sewage treatment facilities and secondary treatment structures are designed for a 20 to 30 year operational design horizon based on projected population growth.
سیوریج ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹ کا متوقع ڈیزائن پیریڈ عام طور پر 20 سے 30 سال کا ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
543📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityTypes of BOD: CBOD & NBOD
How many types of biological oxygen demand (BOD) is present in water?
Explanation
There are 2 primary types of BOD exerted during wastewater stabilization: (1) Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) due to the oxidation of organic carbon compounds, and (2) Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (NBOD) due to the nitrification of ammonia.
پانی میں حیاتیاتی آکسیجن کی مانگ (BOD) کی 2 اہم اقسام ہوتی ہیں: کاربونیشس BOD اور نائٹروجینس BOD۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
544📚⚙️ Mechanical & Hydraulic EngineeringWastewater Pumps & Mechanics
Which types of pumps are widely used in wastewater plant for flow and pressure?
Explanation
Centrifugal pumps (specifically non-clog open and semi-open impeller types) are the workhorse pumps most widely used in wastewater treatment plants due to their high volumetric flow capacities, smooth continuous discharge, and ability to handle suspended solids without jamming.
گندے پانی کے ٹریٹمنٹ پلانٹس میں سینٹری فیوگل پمپ (Centrifugal pumps) سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
545📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityCOD Definition & Units
The unit of COD present in wastewater is
Explanation
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is defined as the mass of equivalent oxygen required to chemically oxidize all organic compounds per unit volume of water, expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L\text{mg/L} or ppm).
کیمیکل آکسیجن ڈیمانڈ (COD) کی معیاری اکائی ملی گرام فی لیٹر (mg/L) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
546📚🧪 Chemistry & Water QualityBiochemical Oxygen Demand Concept
The BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of a wastewater is a measure of
Explanation
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the empirical measure of the quantity of dissolved oxygen utilized by aerobic microorganisms during the biochemical oxidation and decomposition of biodegradable organic matter in water.
BOD گندے پانی میں نامیاتی مادے کو گلانے کے لیے بیکٹیریا کو درکار آکسیجن کی مقدار ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
547📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringCement Industry Effluent Characteristics
Which waste characteristic is common in the effluent from the cement industry?
Explanation
Cement manufacturing process washwaters contain suspended cement particulate slurry with high pH / low acidity (alkaline nature, high dissolved calcium hydroxide), distinct from high organic BOD effluents.
سیمنٹ انڈسٹری کا فضلہ بنیادی طور پر الکلائن اور معلق ذرات پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے، جس میں نامیاتی BOD نہیں ہوتا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
548📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringTannery Effluent Treatment
Which industry typically generates wastewater with high levels of organic pollutants and requires specialized treatment?
Explanation
The Tannery industry generates extremely recalcitrant, complex wastewater containing exceptionally high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), toxic chromium salts, and sulfides requiring multi-stage chemical and biological treatment.
ٹینری (چمڑا سازی) کی صنعت سے خارج ہونے والے گندے پانی میں بھاری نامیاتی آلودگی اور زہریلے کیمیکلز ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
549📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringUASB Reactor Microorganisms
What type of microorganisms are predominantly active in a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor?
Explanation
A UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor is a high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment process that utilizes a dense blanket of granular anaerobic methanogenic and acidogenic bacteria operating in the complete absence of dissolved oxygen.
UASB ری ایکٹر میں بنیادی طور پر اینیروبک مائیکرو آرگنزمز (Anaerobic microorganisms) فعال ہوتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
550📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEIA Process Components
Which of the following is not a primary component in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process?
Explanation
The core stages of the formal EIA process are Scoping, Impact Assessment, Mitigation Measures, Public Consultation, and Environmental Management Planning. Preparing an annual 'Environmental Statement' (Form V under EPA) is a post-construction statutory audit, not a primary pre-project EIA step.
انوائرنمنٹل اسٹیٹمنٹ ایک سالانہ تعمیل آڈٹ ہے، جو پروجیکٹ سے قبل EIA کے بنیادی مراحل میں شامل نہیں ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
551📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEMP Organizational Framework
Defining the Roles and Responsibilities comes under which stage of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)?
Explanation
Within the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the organizational framework and institutional structure detailing administrative roles, responsibilities, and allocation of personnel is established under Environmental Management Strategies.
ماحولیاتی انتظامی حکمت عملی (EMP Strategies) کے تحت ذمہ داریاں اور کردار طے کیے جاتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
552📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceRio Declaration 1992 & EIA
Which international agreement, signed in 1992, emphasizes the importance of conducting EIAs for projects that may have transboundary environmental effects?
Explanation
Principle 17 of the landmark 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development explicitly mandated Environmental Impact Assessment as a national instrument for proposed activities likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts.
1992 کا ریو اعلامیہ (Rio Declaration) بین الاقوامی ماحولیاتی اثرات کے لیے EIA کے نفاذ پر زور دیتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
553📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologySocio-Cultural Impact Assessment
When a cultural site comes under the impact line of a proposed project, the matter is relevant to
Explanation
Impacts on archaeological monuments, religious shrines, historical landmarks, and indigenous cultural heritage are evaluated under the Socio-Cultural Index and Heritage Impact Assessment within the socio-economic dimension of EIA.
کسی ثقافتی یا تاریخی مقام پر اثرات کا تعلق سماجی و ثقافتی انڈیکس (Socio-cultural Index) سے ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
554📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
SEA stands for
Explanation
SEA stands for Strategic Environmental Assessment, the formalized, systematic, and comprehensive process of evaluating the environmental effects of a policy, plan, or programme.
SEA کا مطلب اسٹریٹجک انوائرنمنٹل اسیسمنٹ (Strategic Environmental Assessment) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
555📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyGIS Site Suitability in EIA
How does GIS assist in identifying potential impacts during site selection in EIA for industries?
Explanation
GIS assists environmental site selection by integrating multi-layered spatial data (topography, land-use zoning, hydrology, wildlife corridors, and proximity to protected forests and populated settlements) to identify ecologically sensitive constraints.
GIS زمین کے استعمال اور حساس ماحولیاتی علاقوں کا ڈیٹا ملا کر محفوظ اور موزوں جگہ کے انتخاب میں مدد دیتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
556📚📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?
Explanation
Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.
ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
557📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Objectives
What is the primary goal of a disaster management plan?
Explanation
The primary objective of all disaster management planning is to prevent hazards, build community resilience, and minimize the loss of human life, injury, property damage, and socio-economic disruption.
ڈیزاسٹر مینجمنٹ پلان کا بنیادی مقصد انسانی جان اور مالی نقصان کو کم سے کم کرنا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
558📚🛡️ Occupational Health & SafetyIndustrial Safety Audits
Safety audits in industrial units primarily focus on
Explanation
Industrial safety audits systematically verify whether workplace facilities, machinery, and procedures comply with statutory occupational health and safety regulations and internal hazard prevention protocols.
حفاظتی آڈٹ کا بنیادی مقصد حفاظتی قوانین اور طریقہ کار کی تعمیل کو یقینی بنانا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
559📚🛡️ Disaster ManagementNatural vs Man-Made Disasters
Which of the following could be considered as a man-made disaster?
Explanation
Industrial, building, or urban fires (caused by arson, electrical short circuits, chemical explosions, or human negligence) are classified as anthropogenic (man-made or technological) disasters. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are natural disasters.
آگ (Fire) انسانی غفلت یا صنعتی حادثات کی وجہ سے انسان کی پیدا کردہ آفت (Man-made disaster) کی زمرے میں آتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🌳 Forest, Ecology and Environment Department
560📚🏆 Sports & Current AffairsAsian Games 2023
Who were the key members of the Indian team that won the gold medal in the Women's 25m pistol shooting team event at the Asian Games 2023?
Explanation
The Indian trio of Manu Bhaker, Rhythm Sangwan, and Esha Singh won the gold medal in the Women's 25m Pistol Team event at the Hangzhou Asian Games 2023 with a combined score of 1759 points.
منو بھاکر، ریدم سانگوان اور ایشا سنگھ کی ہندوستانی ٹیم نے ایشین گیمز 2023 میں 25 میٹر پسٹل ٹیم ایونٹ میں گولڈ میڈل جیتا۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments
561📚🗺️ GeographyHuman Migration: Push & Pull Factors
Which of the following is NOT a common pull factor?
Explanation
Political oppression, war, poverty, and persecution are 'Push Factors' that drive people away from their origin. Better employment, higher income, and higher living standards are 'Pull Factors' that attract immigrants to a destination.
سیاسی جبر (Political oppression) ایک پش فیکٹر (Push factor) ہے، پل فیکٹر (Pull factor) نہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments
562📚🗺️ GeographyLakes & Wetlands of India
Which is the largest freshwater lake in Bihar?
Explanation
Kanwar Taal (or Kabar Taal Lake in Begusarai district, Bihar) is Asia's largest freshwater oxbow lake and Bihar's first declared Ramsar site.
کنور تال (Kanwar Taal Lake) بہار کی سب سے بڑی میٹھے پانی کی جھیل اور رامسر سائٹ ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments
563📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionConstitutional History & 1947 Act
Which of the following statements about the Indian Independence Act of 1947 is false?
Explanation
Statement B is false because the Constituent Assembly of India was formed earlier in November/December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, NOT under the Indian Independence Act of 1947.
بیان B غلط ہے کیونکہ دستور ساز اسمبلی کا قیام کیبنٹ مشن پلان 1946 کے تحت ہوا تھا، انڈین انڈیپنڈنس ایکٹ 1947 کے تحت نہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments
564📚🔬 Science & TechnologySpace Missions & ISRO Chandrayaan-3
Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Chandrayaan - 3 mission?
Explanation
The 3 official mission objectives of ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 were: (1) Safe and soft landing of Lander (Vikram) on lunar surface, (2) Demonstrating Rover (Pragyan) roving on the moon, and (3) In-situ scientific experiments. "Loitering capabilities" was NOT an objective.
چندریان 3 کا مقصد چاند کی سطح پر محفوظ لینڈنگ، روور کا چلنا اور سائنسی تجربات کرنا تھا، "loitering" اس کا مقصد نہیں تھا۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏢 Various Departments
565📚🌱 Agriculture & Horticulture of J&KWalnut & Fruit Varieties of J&K
Which of the following is not a variety of walnuts?
Explanation
Kagzi, Sulaiman, and Burzil are famous indigenous commercial varieties of walnuts grown in Jammu & Kashmir. 'Raktsey Karpo' is a GI-tagged premium variety of Apricot (Khumani) from Ladakh.
راکتسے کارپو (Raktsey Karpo) خوبانی (Apricot) کی قسم ہے، اخروٹ کی نہیں۔ کاغذی، سلیمان اور برزل اخروٹ کی اقسام ہیں۔
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566📚📜 Heritage & Culture of J&KTemples & Shrines of J&K
Peer Kho Temple is a
Explanation
Peer Kho Cave Temple (located on the banks of the Tawi River in Jammu) is an ancient Hindu cave temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (also known as Jamwant Cave).
پیر کھو مندر جموں میں دریائے توی کے کنارے واقع بھگوان شیو کا ایک قدیم غار مندر ہے۔
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567📚📜 J&K Reorganisation Act 2019Representation in Parliament: Rajya Sabha
According to the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019, how many members of councils of state are from Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Under Section 8 and the First Schedule of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is allocated 4 seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
جموں و کشمیر تنظیم نو ایکٹ 2019 کے تحت راجیہ سبھا (کونسل آف اسٹیٹس) میں جموں و کشمیر کے لیے 4 نشستیں مختص ہیں۔
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568📚📖 General EnglishModals
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
It is eleven o'clock in the morning. He ________ be working in the office now.
Explanation
'Must' is used to express strong logical deduction and high certainty based on present evidence (11 a.m. on a workday).
منطقی یقین اور قیاس ظاہر کرنے کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'must' کا استعمال ہوگا۔
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569📚📖 General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options.
The young man is in search of ________ employment because he is in ________ great financial crisis.
Explanation
'Employment' is an uncountable abstract noun used in a general sense (requiring no article), while 'crisis' is a countable singular noun modified by 'great' (requiring 'a').
'Employment' کے ساتھ کوئی آرٹیکل نہیں آئے گا اور 'crisis' کے ساتھ 'a' لگے گا۔
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570📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?
Explanation
According to the passage and general science, Coal is a finite fossil fuel (non-renewable), whereas solar, wind, and hydroelectric are renewable.
کوئلہ (Coal) غیر قابل تجدید فوسل ایندھن ہے۔
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571📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
What is the primary goal of adopting sustainable energy?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels... which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution."
پائیدار توانائی کا بنیادی مقصد گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج اور فضائی آلودگی کو کم کرنا ہے۔
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572📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
How is sustainable energy linked to global initiatives?
Explanation
The passage explicitly connects sustainable energy to the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement temperature targets.
پائیدار توانائی اقوام متحدہ کے SDGs اور پیرس معاہدے سے منسلک ہے۔
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573📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homophones/homonyms.
He drinks ________ daily against the advice of doctors.
Explanation
'Ale' is a type of alcoholic brewed beer. 'Ail' means to suffer from illness or pain.
'Ale' سے مراد ایک قسم کا نشہ آور مشروب (شراب/بیئر) ہے، جبکہ 'ail' کا مطلب بیمار ہونا ہے۔
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574📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homophones/homonyms.
Divine force is ________ in universe.
Explanation
'Immanent' means existing or operating within, inherent, or pervading the material universe. 'Eminent' means distinguished/famous, and 'Imminent' means about to happen.
'Immanent' کا مطلب کائنات کے اندر ہر جگہ موجود (حاضر و ناظر) ہونا ہے۔
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575📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Which of the following options does NOT express the correct meaning of the given idiom/Phrase:
Wet blanket
Explanation
A 'wet blanket' is a spoilsport who dampens other people's fun and excitement. Option D expresses the exact opposite and does NOT express its meaning.
'Wet blanket' رنگ میں بھنگ ڈالنے والے شخص کو کہتے ہیں۔ آپشن D اس کے برعکس معنی دیتا ہے۔
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576📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
The child playing in the backyard was startled when a squirrel darted ________ the swing set.
Explanation
'Under' is the natural dynamic preposition of movement indicating passing beneath the structure of the swing set.
سوئنگ سیٹ کے نیچے سے تیزی سے گزرنے کے لیے 'under' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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577📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
He climbed ________ the ladder to get onto the roof.
Explanation
'Up' is the standard preposition of direction used with climb ('climbed up the ladder').
سیڑھی چڑھنے کے لیے 'climbed up' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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578📚📖 General EnglishSentence Correction
Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
Explanation
Option B is correct. 'Despite' does not take 'of' (unlike 'in spite of'), and 'managed' is followed by the infinitive 'to finish'.
'Despite' کے ساتھ 'of' نہیں لگتا اور 'managed to finish' درست گرامر ہے۔
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579📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Hardware & Expansion Slots
A PCIe slot is used for what purpose on a computer
Explanation
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slots on motherboards are high-speed expansion buses primarily used to connect dedicated Graphics Processing Units (GPUs / graphics cards), NVMe SSD cards, and network interface cards.
کمپیوٹر کے مدر بورڈ پر PCIe سلاٹ بنیادی طور پر گرافکس کارڈ (Graphics card) لگانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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580📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity & Malware
Which of the following replicate itself to slow down the computer system?
Explanation
A computer Worm is a standalone self-replicating malware program that actively propagates copies of itself across networks and memory without needing a host program, consuming bandwidth and system resources to slow down systems.
کمپیوٹر ورم (Worm) خود کو خود بخود ریپلیکیٹ کر کے سسٹم اور نیٹ ورک کو سست کر دیتا ہے۔
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581📚💻 Computer KnowledgeProgramming & Scripting Languages
Which of the following is NOT a scripting language?
Explanation
Java is a statically typed, compiled, object-oriented programming language compiled into bytecode. Python, Perl, and Ruby are dynamically typed scripting languages.
جاوا (Java) ایک کمپائلڈ پروگرامنگ زبان ہے، اسکرپٹنگ زبان نہیں ہے۔
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582📚💻 Computer KnowledgeHardware & Surveillance Technology
Which of the following features allows a PTZ camera to automatically track the moving object within its field of view?
Explanation
Motion-based auto tracking (or smart tracking) is the built-in algorithmic feature that allows a PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) camera to detect and continuously follow a moving target across its surveillance field.
موشن بیسڈ آٹو ٹریکنگ (Motion-based auto tracking) PTZ کیمرے کو متحرک چیز کا پیچھا کرنے کے قابل بناتی ہے۔
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583📚💻 Computer KnowledgeFirewall vs Antivirus
Which of the following is false?
Explanation
Statement B is false: A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules; it does NOT scan, quarantine, or delete infected files within local storage (which is the job of Antivirus software).
بیان B غلط ہے کیونکہ فائر وال نیٹ ورک ٹریفک کو فلٹر کرتا ہے، سسٹم کے اندر سے میلویئر کو ڈیلیٹ کرنا اینٹی وائرس کا کام ہے۔
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584📚💻 Computer KnowledgeE-Governance & Digital India
Where is AADHAAR data stored?
Explanation
Under the Aadhaar Act 2016, all biometric and demographic Aadhaar data is stored in the Central Identities Data Repository (CIDR) managed by UIDAI.
آدھار ڈیٹا UIDAI کے سینٹرل آئیڈینٹٹیز ڈیٹا ریپازیٹری (CIDR) میں محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔
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585📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInformation Technology Fundamentals
Which of the following is NOT a component of Information Technology?
Explanation
Information Technology (IT) revolves around computer software, networking systems, databases, and digital architectures (like Blockchain and OS). Traditional standalone photocopier (Xerox) machines are office reproduction appliances.
فوٹو کاپی (زیروکس) مشین معلوماتی ٹیکنالوجی (IT) کا بنیادی ڈیجیٹل جزو نہیں ہے۔
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586📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProfit & Loss
A shopkeeper bought oranges at 7 for a rupee and sold them at a gain of 40%. How many oranges for a rupee did he sell?
Explanation
Cost price of 1 orange =Rs. 1/7= \text{Rs. } 1/7. Selling price of 1 orange =17×1.40=1.407=Rs. 0.20=15= \frac{1}{7} \times 1.40 = \frac{1.40}{7} = \text{Rs. } 0.20 = \frac{1}{5}. Hence, he sells 5 oranges for a rupee.
اس نے 1 روپے میں 5 سنترا بیچے (1/0.20=51/0.20 = 5
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587📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProfit & Loss
A person buys books at Rs. 300 for 5 and sells them at Rs.740 for 10 (or Rs. 74/book). How many books must he sell in order to earn profit of Rs. 3,520?
Explanation
Cost price per book =300/5=Rs. 60= 300/5 = \text{Rs. } 60. Selling profit per unit required to achieve total profit =3520= 3520. If profit per book is Rs. 88 (or 740 for 5 books yielding Rs. 88/book), 3520/88=403520 / 88 = 40 books.
3520 روپے منافع کمانے کے لیے اسے 40 کتابیں فروخت کرنی ہوں گی۔
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588📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
Sachin can complete a job in 15 days. Ankit alone can complete the same job in 10 days. Sachin works for 9 days and then the remaining job is completed by Ankit. How many days will it take Ankit to complete the remaining job alone?
Explanation
Sachin's 9 days work =9×115=35= 9 \times \frac{1}{15} = \frac{3}{5}. Remaining work =135=25= 1 - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{2}{5}. Time for Ankit alone =25×10=4= \frac{2}{5} \times 10 = 4 days.
انکت باقی کام کو 4 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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589📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
P and Q can do a piece of work in 32 and 40 days respectively. They began to work together but P leaves after sometimes and Q completed remaining work in 16 days. After how many days did P leaves (in days)?
Explanation
Total work =160= 160 units. Efficiency of P=5P = 5 units/day, Q=4Q = 4 units/day. Q worked alone for last 16 days =16×4=64= 16 \times 4 = 64 units. Work done together =16064=96= 160 - 64 = 96 units. Combined rate =5+4=9= 5 + 4 = 9 units/day. Days worked together =969=323= \frac{96}{9} = \frac{32}{3} days.
P نے 323\frac{32}{3} دن بعد کام چھوڑ دیا۔
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590📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days, B and C together can do it in 20 days. A starts the work and works on it for 5 days, then B takes it up and works for 15 days, Finally, C finishes the work in 18 days. In how many days can C do the work when doing it separately (in days)?
Explanation
Grouping work: 5 days of (A+B) + 10 days of (B+C) + 8 days of C =1= 1. 5(1/30)+10(1/20)+8/C=1    1/6+1/2+8/C=1    2/3+8/C=1    8/C=1/3    C=245(1/30) + 10(1/20) + 8/C = 1 \implies 1/6 + 1/2 + 8/C = 1 \implies 2/3 + 8/C = 1 \implies 8/C = 1/3 \implies C = 24 days.
C اکیلا پورا کام 24 دن میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔
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591📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of 4 km/hr4\text{ km/hr} and returns to Pune at speed of 6 km/hr6\text{ km/hr}. What is his average speed of the entire journey?
Explanation
Average speed =2xyx+y=2×4×64+6=4810=4.8 km/hr= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}.
پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار 2×4×6/(4+6)=4.8 km/hr2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
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592📚🧩 Logical ReasoningVenn Diagrams & Sets
Out of the 75 bird watchers or birders, 15 wanted to see only sunbird, 10 wanted to see only flycatcher, 12 wanted to see both sunbird and nuthatch, 15 wanted to see only bee-eater, 13 wanted to see both sunbird and bee-eater, 5 wanted to see both flycatcher and nuthatch and the remaining wanted to see only nuthatch. How many birders wanted to see only one bird?
Explanation
Non-exclusive birders =12+13+5=30= 12 + 13 + 5 = 30. Total wanting only one bird =7530=45= 75 - 30 = 45.
صرف ایک پرندہ دیکھنے والے پرندوں کے مشاہدہ کاروں کی تعداد 45 ہے۔
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593📚🧩 Logical ReasoningLetter Series & Classification
Three of the following four letter clusters are alike in some manner and one is different. Identify the one which is different.
Explanation
XADG (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3), VYBE (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3), and GJMP (+3,+3,+3+3, +3, +3) have a constant step of +3+3. PRVX (+2,+4,+2+2, +4, +2) is different.
PRVX میں حروف کے درمیان +3 کا یکساں فاصلہ نہیں ہے۔
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594📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of India
Which Indian state organizes the 'Dhanu Yatra' festival?
Explanation
Dhanu Yatra is a famous 11-day annual open-air theatre festival held in Bargarh, Odisha, celebrated as the world's largest open-air theatrical performance based on the mythological story of Lord Krishna and King Kansa.
دھانو یاترا (Dhanu Yatra) اوڈیشہ کے برگڑھ میں منعقد ہونے والا دنیا کا سب سے بڑا اوپن ایئر تھیٹر میلہ ہے۔
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595📚🌍 General KnowledgeInternational Organizations
Amnesty International is associated with which of the following?
Explanation
Amnesty International is a world-renowned non-governmental international organization founded in 1961, headquartered in London, focused on human rights protection and advocacy.
ایمنسٹی انٹرنیشنل (Amnesty International) انسانی حقوق کے تحفظ کے لیے کام کرنے والی ایک عالمی تنظیم ہے۔
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596📚🌍 General KnowledgeUN Security Council
How many non-permanent members does UN Security Council have?
Explanation
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is composed of 15 members: 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly.
اقوام متحدہ کی سلامتی کونسل (UNSC) میں 10 غیر مستقل ارکان (Non-permanent members) ہوتے ہیں۔
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597📚🌍 General KnowledgeSAARC Members
Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the SAARC Association?
Explanation
SAARC has 8 member countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. China is NOT a member (it holds observer status).
چین (China) سارک (SAARC) تنظیم کا رکن نہیں ہے، یہ مبصر کا درجہ رکھتا ہے۔
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598📚🏆 Honours & AwardsGallantry & Military Awards
Which of the following is the highest award for military service?
Explanation
Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest wartime military decoration awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or pre-eminent act of valour in the presence of the enemy.
پرم ویر چکر (Param Vir Chakra) ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا فوجی جنگی اعزاز ہے۔
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599📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionFirst in India: Women Leaders
Who was the first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state?
Explanation
Sucheta Kripalani became the first female Chief Minister of an Indian state when she took office as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in October 1963.
سچیتا کرپلانی (Sucheta Kriplani) اتر پردیش کی وزیر اعلیٰ بن کر ہندوستان کی کسی بھی ریاست کی پہلی خاتون وزیر اعلیٰ بنیں۔
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600📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India
The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?
Explanation
The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.
ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔
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601📚📜 History & PolityFirst Cabinet of Independent India
The first Education Minister of Independent India was
Explanation
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of Independent India, serving from 1947 to 1958. His birthday on November 11 is celebrated as National Education Day.
آزاد ہندوستان کے پہلے وزیر تعلیم مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد تھے۔ ان کے یوم پیدائش (11 نومبر) کو قومی یوم تعلیم کے طور پر منایا جاتا ہے۔
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602📚📜 Ancient Indian HistoryBuddhism & Ancient Universities
The Buddhist sites Vaishali and Nalanda are situated in which of the following state?
Explanation
Both ancient Buddhist historical sites, Vaishali (where Lord Buddha preached his last sermon) and Nalanda (the ancient mahavihara university), are situated in the state of Bihar.
بودھ مت کے تاریخی مقامات وشالی اور نالندہ ریاست بہار (Bihar) میں واقع ہیں۔
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603📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Land Areas & Rankings
Which is the seventh largest country in the world by land area?
Explanation
India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area (approx. 3.287 million sq km), following Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, and Australia.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان دنیا کا ساتواں (7th) سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔
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604📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionPanchayati Raj System
How many tiers are there in a Panchayati Raj structure in India?
Explanation
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, India adopted a 3-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zilla Parishad (district level).
ہندوستان میں پنچایتی راج کے تین درجے (3-tier structure) ہیں: گرام پنچایت، بلاک سمیتی اور ضلع پریشد۔
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605📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionState Legislatures: Bicameral States
In which of the following states there is a bicameral legislature?
Explanation
Six Indian states currently have a Bicameral Legislature (having both Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council): Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
بہار (Bihar) میں دو ایوانی مقننہ (Bicameral legislature - اسمبلی اور کونسل دونوں) موجود ہے۔
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606📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionParliament of India
Upper House of the Indian Parliament is also known as ________?
Explanation
The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) is the permanent Upper House of the Indian Parliament, while the Lok Sabha is the Lower House.
ہندوستانی پارلیمنٹ کے ایوان بالا کو راجیہ سبھا (Rajya Sabha) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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607📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementFinancial Statements: Balance Sheet
What explains the financial position of the reporting entity at the end of the accounting period?
Explanation
A Balance Sheet is a financial statement that summarizes an entity's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time to disclose its exact financial position.
بیلنس شیٹ (Balance sheet) کسی ادارے کی مالی سال کے اختتام پر مالی حیثیت، اثاثوں اور واجبات کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔
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608📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementWorking Capital Management
Current assets minus current liabilities is equal to
Explanation
Working Capital (specifically Net Working Capital) is the difference between an enterprise's Current Assets and Current Liabilities (Working Capital=Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities\text{Working Capital} = \text{Current Assets} - \text{Current Liabilities}).
ورکنگ کیپیٹل کا فارمولا: موجودہ اثاثے منہا موجودہ واجبات (Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities\text{Current Assets} - \text{Current Liabilities}) ہے۔
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609📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementBills of Exchange: Inland vs Foreign
Which of the following does not have the features of foreign bills?
Explanation
Under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, a bill drawn in India and made payable in India (or drawn on a person resident in India) is an Inland Bill, not a Foreign Bill.
ہندوستان میں لکھا اور ادا کیا جانے والا بل ملکی بل (Inland bill) کہلاتا ہے، فارن بل نہیں۔
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610📚📊 EconomicsInternational Trade & Balance of Trade
Balance of trade is
Explanation
Balance of Trade (BOT) is the financial difference between the monetary value of merchandise goods exported and merchandise goods imported by a nation over a given period.
تجارتی توازن (Balance of Trade) اشیاء کی برآمدات اور درآمدات کے درمیان کا فرق ہے۔
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611📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementTrial Balance
Which of the following is used for checking the arithmetical accuracy of the account books?
Explanation
A Trial Balance is a statement prepared with the debit and credit balances of ledger accounts to verify the arithmetical accuracy of double-entry postings.
کھاتہ کتب کی ریاضیاتی درستگی جانچنے کے لیے ٹرائل بیلنس (Trial balance) تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔
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612📚📊 Economics & Union BudgetUnion Budget 2024-25 Capex
What is the amount of capital expenditure (capex) outlay announced by the Indian government in the union budget 2024-25?
Explanation
In the Union Budget 2024-25, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a record capital expenditure (Capex) outlay of Rs. 11,11,111 crore (Rs. 11.11 lakh crore), accounting for 3.4% of India's GDP.
یونین بجٹ 2024-25 میں حکومت ہند نے 11.11 لاکھ کروڑ روپے کے کیپٹل ایکسپینڈیچر کا اعلان کیا۔
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613📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementFinancial Statements
The overriding purpose of financial accounting is to summarize financial activity in business in the
Explanation
Financial accounting aims to summarize and present an enterprise's complete financial performance and status through the full set of financial statements: Profit & Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement.
مالیاتی اکاؤنٹنگ کا بنیادی مقصد نفع و نقصان کے گوشوارے، بیلنس شیٹ اور کیش فلو اسٹیٹمنٹ کے ذریعے جامع رپورٹنگ کرنا ہے۔
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614📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementLedger Posting Rules
Which of these items will appear on the credit side in the ledger account?
Explanation
Discount Received is an income/gain and has a credit balance, appearing on the credit side of the nominal ledger account.
ڈسکاؤنٹ حاصل کرنا (Discount received) آمدنی ہونے کی وجہ سے کھاتے کی کریڈٹ سائیڈ پر درج ہوتا ہے۔
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615📚📖 General EnglishRelative Pronouns
Fill in the blank with correct pronoun:
He is a famous scientist about ________ many books have been written.
Explanation
Prepositions take object pronouns ('about whom', not 'about who').
پریپوزیشن کے بعد مفعولی ضمیر 'whom' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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616📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Choose the most appropriate option to fill the blanks:
I am displeased ________ you but I am not displeased ________ your fun.
Explanation
Standard preposition usage: 'displeased with a person' and 'displeased at an action/thing'.
شخص کے لیے 'displeased with' اور عمل کے لیے 'displeased at' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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617📚📖 General EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order.
P: The ingredients must, therefore, be of the finest quality and in the right proportions.
Q: When you have them right and keep practicing you are sure to bake some of the yummiest cakes.
R: Success in life is just like baking a cake that requires many things.
S: Firstly, unless you have the right ingredients and recipe it is not going to work.
Explanation
Introductory theme is statement R (life is like baking a cake), followed by S (firstly right ingredients), P (ingredients must therefore be finest quality), and conclusion Q. Sequence: R-S-P-Q.
جملوں کی منطقی ترتیب: R -> S -> P -> Q (RSPQ)۔
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618📚📖 General EnglishModals: Polite Requests
Fill in the blank with correct modal verb:
"________ you please open that window?"- she asked politely.
Explanation
'Could' is used for making polite, courteous requests.
شائستہ درخواست کے لیے ماڈل ورب 'Could' کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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619📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age
Read the passage given below to answer the question:
"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
What were some developments during the first age (Paleolithic period)?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC) the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed."
پہلے دور میں کلہاڑی اور کھانا پکانے و حرارت کے لیے آگ کا استعمال شروع ہوا۔
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620📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage: Stone Age
Read the passage given below to answer the question:
"The Stone Age was a period of history that began approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC, deriving its name from the stone tools and weapons discovered by modern scientists. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. During the First Age (2 million to 8000 BC), the first hatchets and the use of fire for heating and cooking were developed.

As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic era, humans were forced to shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic period (8000 to 6000 BC), people made crude pottery and took dogs for hunting with the first fish hook and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century BC. The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."

Question:
On the basis of above passage, what were some developments during the Neolithic period?
Explanation
As directly stated in the passage: "The Neolithic period (6000 to 3000 BC) saw mankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, becoming less nomadic than in earlier periods, establishing permanent settlements and forming governments."
نیولتھک دور میں انسان نے جانوروں کو پالتو بنایا، مستقل بستیاں بسائیں اور حکومتیں قائم کیں۔
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621📚🧩 Logical ReasoningWord Formation
How many meaningful English words can be formed by using letters of the word 'ELPA'?
Explanation
Four valid 4-letter English words can be formed using E, L, P, A: LEAP, PALE, PEAL, and PLEA. Hence, 'More than three'.
حروف E, L, P, A سے چار با معنی الفاظ (LEAP, PALE, PEAL, PLEA) بنتے ہیں، یعنی تین سے زیادہ۔
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622📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding
EMAIL: 8; INTERNET: ________
Explanation
In word length encoding: 8×3=248 \times 3 = 24 (or sum-based alphanumeric pattern).
کوڈنگ پیٹرن کے مطابق INTERNET کا کوڈ 24 ہے۔
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623📚🧩 Logical ReasoningClassification & Odd One Out
Three of the following four words are alike in a certain way and one is different. Pick the odd one out.
Explanation
Frog, Toad, and Salamander are Amphibians. Salmon is a Fish.
سالمن (Salmon) ایک مچھلی ہے جبکہ مینڈک، ٹوڈ اور سالمانڈر ایمفیبین (Amphibians) ہیں۔
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624📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNumber Classification: Perfect Cubes
In the given four numbers out of which three are like in some manner while one is different. Find odd one out.
Explanation
2197=1332197 = 13^3, 5832=1835832 = 18^3, and 6859=1936859 = 19^3 are perfect cubes. 3584 is NOT a perfect cube (15.3315.3^3).
2197 (13313^3)، 5832 (18318^3) اور 6859 (19319^3) مکمل مکعب ہیں جبکہ 3584 نہیں ہے۔
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625📚🧩 Logical ReasoningVenn Diagrams
Read the figure and find the region representing people who are Students, Singers, Dancers. How many students are neither singers nor dancers?
Explanation
From the standard Venn diagram representation, the exclusive Student region isolated from both Singer and Dancer circles equals 22.
وین ڈایاگرام کے مطابق صرف طلباء کی تعداد 22 ہے۔
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626📚💻 Computer KnowledgeProgramming vs Markup Languages
Which of the following is not a programming language?
Explanation
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard markup language used to structure web pages, not a programming language.
HTML ایک مارک اپ زبان ہے، پروگرامنگ زبان نہیں۔
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627📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput Devices & Barcode Scanners
Which technology is particularly used in barcode wand reader and barcode slot reader?
Explanation
A Pen type reader (wand) contains a light source and a photodiode in its tip that must be dragged directly across a printed barcode.
بارکوڈ وانڈ ریڈر میں پین ٹائپ ریڈر (Pen type reader) ٹیکنالوجی استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
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628📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInternet & Networking Protocols
What is the full form of the term URL?
Explanation
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, the global web address used to locate resources on the World Wide Web.
URL کا مکمل مطلب یونیفارم ریسورس لوکیٹر (Uniform Resource Locator) ہے۔
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629📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking Hardware: Modem
Which of the following devices is used to transmit data over the telecommunication lines?
Explanation
A Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission across telecommunication lines and vice versa.
موڈیم (Modem) ٹیلی فون لائنوں کے ذریعے ڈیٹا منتقل کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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630📚💻 Computer KnowledgeEmail Protocols & Terminology
The term BCC in email stands for
Explanation
In email communication, BCC stands for Blind Carbon Copy, which sends a copy of the email to recipients without revealing their addresses to other recipients.
ای میل میں BCC کا مطلب بلائنڈ کاربن کاپی (Blind Carbon Copy) ہے۔
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631📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsPrincipal Stresses & Pure Shear
The state of pure shear stress is produced by
Explanation
A state of pure shear stress (τ\tau) on a plane inclined at 4545^\circ is equivalent to equal principal tensile stress in one direction and an equal principal compressive stress in the mutually perpendicular direction (σ1=+τ,σ2=τ\sigma_1 = +\tau, \sigma_2 = -\tau).
خالص قینچی تناؤ (Pure shear stress) ایک سمت میں تناؤ اور اس کے عمود برابر دباؤ کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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632📚🏗️ Design of RCC StructuresWorking Stress Method: Neutral Axis Factor
If the depth of neutral axis for singly reinforced rectangular section is represented by "kdkd" in working stress design, then the value of "kk" for balance section where "dd" is the effective depth, σst\sigma_{st} is permissible stress in steel in tension and σcbc\sigma_{cbc} is permissible stress in steel in bending compression.
Explanation
In working stress method, k=mσcbcmσcbc+σstk = \frac{m \cdot \sigma_{cbc}}{m \cdot \sigma_{cbc} + \sigma_{st}}. Since modular ratio m=2803σcbcm = \frac{280}{3\sigma_{cbc}}, substituting yields k=280/3280/3+σst=93.3393.33+σstk = \frac{280/3}{280/3 + \sigma_{st}} = \frac{93.33}{93.33 + \sigma_{st}}, which is completely independent of σcbc\sigma_{cbc} and depends on σst\sigma_{st} only!
ورکنگ اسٹریس میتھڈ میں متوازن سیکشن کا غیر جانبدار محور فیکٹر k=93.3393.33+σstk = \frac{93.33}{93.33 + \sigma_{st}} صرف اسٹیل کے تناؤ (σst\sigma_{st}) پر منحصر ہوتا ہے۔
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633📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Treatment Plant Units
Considering
(i) Screening
(ii) Sedimentation
(iii) Disinfection
(iv) Filtration.
The correct sequence of treatments which are generally given to treat raw water supplies are
Explanation
The standard sequence of municipal water treatment operations is: (i) Screening → (ii) Plain/Chemical Sedimentation → (iv) Rapid/Slow Sand Filtration → (iii) Disinfection (Chlorination). Sequence: (i) (ii) (iv) (iii).
پانی کے علاج کا درست سلسلہ: اسکریننگ (i) ← سیڈیمنٹیشن (ii) ← فلٹریشن (iv) ← ڈس انفیکشن (iii)۔
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634📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCPM Network Logic
With reference to the following network which statement is incorrect?
(Node relations: 1->2; 2->3, 2->4; 3->5, 3->6, 3->7; 4->7; 5->6, 7->6; 6->8)
Explanation
In network logic, past/preceding relationships must strictly reflect activity completions. Reviewing standard CPM network terminology, event dependency statements are evaluated accordingly.
نیٹ ورک ڈایاگرام کی منطق کے مطابق بیان C غلط ہے۔
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635📚📊 Construction Project ManagementProject Management Phases
Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Description): a. Estimation, b. Planning, c. Quality control, d. Designing
List -2 (Purpose details or functions): 1. Setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving the project objectives., 2. The science of calculating the different load requirements, so that proposed structure can easily withstand worst-case scenarios for a particular duration., 3. To ascertain the probable cost of a proposed project., 4. Testing units and determining whether the materials are within the specifications for the final product.
Explanation
Estimation = Ascertain probable project cost (a-3), Planning = Setting objectives and course of action (b-1), Quality control = Material testing against specifications (c-4), Designing = Calculating load capacities and sections (d-2). Match: a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2.
پروجیکٹ مینجمنٹ کے افعال کا درست ملاپ: a-3، b-1، c-4، d-2 ہے۔
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636📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Design Capacity
The distribution system of water supplies is designed in the basis of
Explanation
Under standard CPHEEO water supply design norms, municipal distribution pipelines and service reservoirs are designed for the maximum coincident draft (maximum daily demand + fire demand) or peak hourly demand, whichever is greater.
پانی کی فراہمی کا ڈسٹری بیوشن نیٹ ورک پیک آورلی ڈیمانڈ یا کوئنسائیڈنٹ ڈرافٹ میں سے جو زیادہ ہو (Greater of A or B) پر ڈیزائن کیا جاتا ہے۔
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637📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Conventions Chronology
Arrange the following environmental conventions in chronological order (from oldest to latest)
a. Stockholm Convention
b. Montreal Protocol
c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Basel Convention
Explanation
Chronological adoption: a. Stockholm Declaration (1972) / POPs (2001), b. Montreal Protocol (1987), d. Basel Convention (1989), c. Kyoto Protocol (1997).
ماحولیاتی معاہدوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: مونٹریال پروٹوکول 1987، باسل کنونشن 1989، کیوٹو پروٹوکول 1997۔
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638📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSewage vs Sullage
What is the name of the water coming out of the kitchen, bathroom, and wash basin?
Explanation
Sullage (greywater) is domestic wastewater originating from kitchen sinks, bathrooms, washbasins, and laundry that does not contain human excreta / fecal matter.
باورچی خانے، باتھ روم اور واش بیسن سے نکلنے والے گندے پانی کو سلج (Sullage / Greywater) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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639📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Switch Angle
The switch angle depends on
(i) Heel divergence
(ii) Length of tongue rail
(iii) Flange-way clearance
(iv) Throw of switch
The correct answer is
Explanation
In railway turnouts, the switch angle (α\alpha) is the angle between the gauge face of the stock rail and the tongue rail, given by sinα=dl\sin \alpha = \frac{d}{l}, where dd is the heel divergence and ll is the length of the tongue rail.
سوئچ اینگل کا انحصار ہیل ڈائیورجنس (i) اور ٹنگ ریل کی لمبائی (ii) پر ہوتا ہے۔
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640📚🏗️ Concrete TechnologyChemical Admixtures for Concrete
Consider the following pairs.
Admixtures | Chemicals
a. Water reducing admixtures | Calcium chloride
b. Air-entraining agent | Neutralized vinsol resin
c. Super plasticizer | Sulphonated melanin
d. Accelerator | Lignosulphonate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Air-entraining agents use Neutralized Vinsol Resin (b is correct), and Superplasticizers use Sulphonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF) (c is correct). Calcium chloride is an accelerator, and lignosulphonates are standard plasticizers.
ایئر اینٹریننگ ایجنٹ (Neutralized vinsol resin) اور سپر پلاسٹیسائزر (Sulphonated melamine) کے جوڑے درست ہیں۔ (b اور c)
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641📚📐 SurveyingPlane Table Surveying Operations
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, the main operations that are needed at each plane table station are
a. Levelling
b. Orientation
c. Centering
The correct sequence for this operation is
Explanation
The standard operational setting-up sequence at a plane table station is: 1. Levelling (using spirit level), 2. Centering (using plumbing fork/bob), and 3. Orientation (using trough compass or back sighting). Sequence: a, c, b.
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں درست ترتیب: لیولنگ (a) ← سینٹرنگ (c) ← اورینٹیشن (b) ہے۔
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642📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCritical Path Method (CPM)
A project takes 20 days along the critical path and has a standard deviation of 4 days. How many days does it take to complete the project?
Explanation
The expected project completion duration is determined by the total duration of activities along the Critical Path, which is 20 days.
پروجیکٹ کی متوقع تکمیل کی مدت کریٹیکل پاتھ کے مطابق 20 دن ہے۔
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643📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSystem of Forces
Match the following Forces with their examples and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Forces: a. Collinear forces, b. Coplanar concurrent forces, c. Non-coplanar concurrent forces, d. Non-coplanar parallel forces
Examples: 1. Forces on a rope in a tug of war, 2. Forces on a rod resting against a wall, 3. A tripod carrying a camera, 4. The weight of benches in a classroom
Explanation
Collinear = Forces along single line of tug of war (a-1), Coplanar concurrent = Forces on 2D rod resting on wall (b-2), Non-coplanar concurrent = Three 3D tripod legs meeting at camera apex (c-3), Non-coplanar parallel = Vertical gravitational weight vectors of classroom benches (d-4). Match: a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4.
قوتوں کے نظام کی درست مثالیں: a-1، b-2، c-3، d-4 ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
644📚🛣️ Transportation & Highway EngineeringJayakar Committee & Indian Highway Development
What were the main recommendations of Jayakar Committee:
a. Central Road Fund was founded in 1929.
b. Indian Road Congress was established in 1930.
c. Central Road Research Institute started in 1950.
d. More stress was given on long term planning programme for a period of 20 years.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Jayakar Committee (1927) led to the formation of: Central Road Fund (CRF, 1929) [a], IRC (established in 1934, not 1930) [b is false], CRRI (1950) [c], and recommended 20-year long-term road development plans [d]. Correct statements: a, c and d.
جیاکر کمیٹی کی سفارشات کے تحت CRF (1929)، CRRI (1950) اور 20 سالہ روڈ پلانز شروع کیے گئے۔ (a, c اور d درست ہیں)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
645📚📊 Construction Project ManagementCPM vs PERT Orientation
Which of the following statements is true?
1. CPM is activity - oriented network
2. PERT is activity oriented
Explanation
Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false: Critical Path Method (CPM) is an Activity-Oriented network system, while Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an Event-Oriented network system.
CPM ایک ایکٹیویٹی پر مبنی (Activity-oriented) نیٹ ورک ہے جبکہ PERT ایونٹ پر مبنی ہے۔ (صرف 1 درست ہے)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
646📚🏗️ Prestressed ConcreteLoad Balancing Concept
If a simply supported concrete beam, prestressed with a force of 2500 kN2500\text{ kN}, is designed by load balancing concept for an effective span of 10 m10\text{ m} and to carry a total load of 40 kN/m40\text{ kN/m} the central dip of the cable profile should be
Explanation
By load balancing concept for parabolic tendon: Upward balanced load wp=8PhL2=w    40 kN/m=8×2500×h102    40=20000h100=200h    h=40200=0.20 m=200 mmw_p = \frac{8 P h}{L^2} = w \implies 40\text{ kN/m} = \frac{8 \times 2500 \times h}{10^2} \implies 40 = \frac{20000 h}{100} = 200 h \implies h = \frac{40}{200} = 0.20\text{ m} = 200\text{ mm}.
لوڈ بیلنسنگ کے تحت کیبل کا ڈپ h=wL28P=40×1008×2500=0.2 m=200 mmh = \frac{w L^2}{8 P} = \frac{40 \times 100}{8 \times 2500} = 0.2\text{ m} = 200\text{ mm} ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
647📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance
Flangeway clearance is the distance
Explanation
Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.
فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
648📚🚆 Railway EngineeringRail Wear and Deficiencies
Wear of rails is maximum in
Explanation
Wear of rails is at its highest on Sharp Curves (especially side wear on the gauge face of the outer rail due to centrifugal thrust and wheel flange rubbing).
پٹریوں کی سب سے زیادہ رگڑ اور گھساؤ (Wear of rails) تیز موڑ (Sharp curves) پر ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
649📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsVarignon's Theorem of Moments
"If a number of coplanar forces acting on a particle are in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of their moments about any point is equal to the moment of their resultant force about the same point" is
Explanation
Varignon's Theorem of Moments (Principle of Moments) states that the moment of the resultant of a system of concurrent/coplanar forces about any point equals the algebraic sum of the moments of its individual component forces about that point.
یہ ویرگنن کا تھیورم (Varignon's Theorem) ہے جو قوتوں کے مومنٹس کے اصول کو بیان کرتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
650📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsCentroid of Composite Sections
Find the centroid of inverted T-section consisting of a base flange of width 100 mm100\text{ mm} and thickness 20 mm20\text{ mm}, with a vertical web of width 10 mm10\text{ mm} and height 50 mm50\text{ mm} centered on top of the base.
Explanation
Flange A1=100×20=2000 mm2A_1 = 100 \times 20 = 2000\text{ mm}^2, y1=10 mmy_1 = 10\text{ mm}. Web A2=10×50=500 mm2A_2 = 10 \times 50 = 500\text{ mm}^2, y2=20+25=45 mmy_2 = 20 + 25 = 45\text{ mm}. yˉ=A1y1+A2y2A1+A2=2000(10)+500(45)2000+500=20000+225002500=425002500=17 mm\bar{y} = \frac{A_1 y_1 + A_2 y_2}{A_1 + A_2} = \frac{2000(10) + 500(45)}{2000 + 500} = \frac{20000 + 22500}{2500} = \frac{42500}{2500} = 17\text{ mm}. By symmetry, xˉ=50 mm\bar{x} = 50\text{ mm}. Centroid is (50 mm,17 mm)(50\text{ mm}, 17\text{ mm}).
سینٹرائیڈ کا حساب: yˉ=17 mm\bar{y} = 17\text{ mm} اور xˉ=50 mm\bar{x} = 50\text{ mm}، یعنی (50 mm,17 mm)(50\text{ mm}, 17\text{ mm}) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
651📚🏗️ Building Materials & ConcretePortland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
Which of the following statement is correct about Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)?
Explanation
PPC produces secondary calcium silicate hydrates (CSHC-S-H) via pozzolanic reaction over time, achieving higher ultimate long-term compressive strength, lower heat of hydration, and significantly reduced porosity and permeability.
پورٹ لینڈ پوزولانا سیمنٹ (PPC) کی طویل مدتی طاقت زیادہ ہوتی ہے اور اس میں ہائیڈریشن کی گرمی اور پارگمیتا (Permeability) کم ہوتی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
652📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringSoil-Moisture-Plant Relationships
Wheat is to be grown in a field having field capacity equal to 30% and the permanent wilting point equal to 10%. Irrigation water is to be supplied when the moisture content of the soil falls to 20%. The root zone depth is 1 m1\text{ m}, dry weight of soil is 14 kN/m314\text{ kN/m}^3 and the specific weight of water is 10 kN/m310\text{ kN/m}^3. The Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) for the above cultivation is:
Explanation
NIR=γdγw×d×(FCmopt)=14 kN/m310 kN/m3×1.0 m×(0.300.20)=1.4×1.0×0.10=0.14 m=14 cmNIR = \frac{\gamma_d}{\gamma_w} \times d \times (FC - m_{opt}) = \frac{14\text{ kN/m}^3}{10\text{ kN/m}^3} \times 1.0\text{ m} \times (0.30 - 0.20) = 1.4 \times 1.0 \times 0.10 = 0.14\text{ m} = 14\text{ cm}.
خالص آبپاشی کی ضرورت NIR = \frac{14}{10} \times 1.0 \times (0.30 - 0.20) = 14 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
653📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringCommand Areas: GCA vs CCA
The total area which can be economically irrigated from an irrigation system without considering the limitation of the quantity of water available
Explanation
Gross Command Area (GCA) is the total geographical area bounded within the drainage boundaries of an irrigation project that can be commanded/served economically by a canal system, including both culturable and unculturable lands.
کل کمانڈ ایریا (Gross Command Area - GCA) نہری نظام کے زیر احاطہ آنے والا مکمل جغرافیائی رقبہ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
654📚📊 Construction Project ManagementProject S-Curve
Which of the following curves/line represents the total project cost versus time in the best way?
Explanation
In project management and earned value analysis, cumulative project expenditure/progress versus time follows an 'S-shaped curve' (S-curve), characterized by slow initial startup, rapid acceleration in middle stages, and tapering off toward project completion.
پروجیکٹ کی مجموعی لاگت اور وقت کے درمیان تعلق کو بہترین انداز میں ایس منحنی (S-shaped curve) کے ذریعے دکھایا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
655📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsFluid Measurement Instruments
Match the following, instrument with its purpose:
Instrument: 1. Manometer, 2. Nozzle meter, 3. Pitot tube, 4. Hydrometer
Purpose: a. To measure the pressure at a point in a fluid, b. To measure velocity of flow of fluid, c. To measure the rate of flow of fluid, d. To measure the density of certain fluid
Explanation
Manometer = Pressure at a point (1-a), Flow Nozzle meter = Rate of flow / discharge (2-c), Pitot tube = Local velocity of flow (3-b), Hydrometer = Specific gravity / density of liquids (4-d). Match: 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d.
ہائیڈرولک آلات کا درست ملاپ: 1-a، 2-c، 3-b، 4-d ہے۔
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656📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron
Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?
Explanation
The Grid Iron system (interlaced/reticulation network) features interconnected loops and mains without dead ends, allowing continuous multi-directional circulation.
گرڈ آئرن سسٹم (Grid Iron system) کو ریٹیکولیشن سسٹم بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏗️ Public Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
657📚🏛️ National Initiatives & Current AffairsDigital Health & Government Initiatives
Which institution has launched the '100 Microsites Project'?
Explanation
The National Health Authority (NHA) launched the '100 Microsites Project' under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) to accelerate the adoption of digital health services across small and medium-scale private healthcare providers.
نیشنل ہیلتھ اتھارٹی (NHA) نے آیوشمان بھارت ڈیجیٹل مشن کے تحت '100 مائیکرو سائٹس پروجیکٹ' کا آغاز کیا۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
658📚🌐 International AffairsClimate Change & UNFCCC
Which country has been selected to host the "Loss and Damage" fund board aimed at supporting countries affected by climate change?
Explanation
The Philippines (Manila) was officially selected to host the Board of the 'Loss and Damage' Fund established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP28 to assist vulnerable nations facing climate disasters.
فلپائن (Philippines) کو موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے 'نقصان اور خسارے' (Loss and Damage) فنڈ بورڈ کی میزبانی کے لیے منتخب کیا گیا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
659📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaStates & Union Territories
Which is the smallest union territory of India in terms of total area?
Explanation
Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory of India, comprising an archipelago of 36 islands with a total geographic area of just 32 sq km32\text{ sq km}.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے لکشادیپ (Lakshadweep - 32 مربع کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کا سب سے چھوٹا مرکز کے زیر انتظام علاقہ (UT) ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
660📚📜 Medieval Indian HistoryForeign Travellers & Scholars
Who among the following Arab scholars studied Sanskrit and astronomy for a decade at Varanasi?
Explanation
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (Alberuni), the polymath who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni to India, studied Sanskrit language, Hindu scriptures, and Indian astronomy extensively in Varanasi and authored the monumental masterwork 'Kitab al-Hind' (Tahqiq ma li-l-Hind).
ابوریحان البیرونی (Alberuni) نے وارانسی میں سنسکرت اور ہندوستانی فلکیات کا گہرا مطالعہ کیا اور 'کتاب الہند' تصنیف کی۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
661📚🏭 Industrial Geography of IndiaIron & Steel Industry in India
India's first sponge iron plant is at
Explanation
India's first demonstration sponge iron plant (Sponge Iron India Limited - SIIL) was set up at Kothagudem (Telangana / Khammam) in 1980 with assistance from UNIDO and UNDP.
ہندوستان کا پہلا اسپنج آئرن پلانٹ کوتھاگوڈم (Kothagudam) میں قائم کیا گیا تھا۔
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662📚🗺️ Economic GeographyWorld Sea Routes & Trade
Which is the busiest sea route in the world?
Explanation
The North Atlantic Sea Route (linking industrialized North-Eastern USA and Western Europe) is the busiest and most heavily trafficked maritime oceanic trade route in the world, carrying one-fourth of global foreign trade.
شمالی اوقیانوس کا سمندری راستہ (North Atlantic Route) دنیا کا سب سے مصروف ترین تجارتی بحری راستہ ہے۔
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663📚📖 General EnglishDirect and Indirect Speech
The boss said to him, "Please tell me what the old man said today."
Explanation
In indirect speech: 'said to him, Please' becomes 'requested him to', simple past 'said' backshifts to past perfect 'had said', and 'today' converts to 'that day'. Correct: "The boss requested him to tell him what the old man had said that day."
ان ڈائریکٹ اسپیچ میں 'today' تبدیل ہو کر 'that day' اور فعل 'had said' بن جاتا ہے۔
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664📚📖 General EnglishHomophones
Fill in the blank with correct homophone:
We sat under the shade of the ______ tree.
Explanation
'Beech' is a large deciduous forest tree (Fagus sylvatica). 'Beach' refers to a sandy seashore.
درخت کی قسم کے لیے درست ہوموفون 'beech' (بیچ کا درخت) ہے۔
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665📚📖 General EnglishHomophones
Fill in the blank with correct homophone:
The ______ thread was thrown away.
Explanation
'Knotty' means full of knots or tangled ('a knotty thread'). 'Naughty' means badly behaved.
الجھا ہوا یا گانٹھوں سے بھرا دھاگہ 'knotty thread' کہلاتا ہے۔
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666📚📖 General EnglishSentence Rearrangement
In the following question, there are six sentences marked S1, S6, P, Q, R, S. The positions of S1 and S6 are fixed. Choose the most logical sequence:
S1: While crossing a busy road we should obey the policeman on duty.
P: We should always cross the road at the zebra crossing.
Q: We must look to the signal lights and cross the road only when the road is clear.
R: If there are no signal lights at the crossing, we should look to the right, then to the left and again to the right before crossing the road.
S: If the road is not clear we should wait.
S6: We should never run while crossing a road.
Explanation
Starting from general rule P (cross at zebra crossing) → Q (look to signal lights) → R (if no signal lights, look right-left-right) → S (if not clear, wait). Sequence: P-Q-R-S.
جملوں کی درست منطقی ترتیب P-Q-R-S (PQRS) ہے۔
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667📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeLinear Diophantine Equations
A mango cost Rs. 7 each. An apple cost Rs. 5 each. If Rs. 38 are spent on these fruits, the number of mangoes purchased is
Explanation
Let mm be mangoes and aa be apples: 7m+5a=387m + 5a = 38. For integer values: If m=4    7(4)+5a=28+5a=38    5a=10    a=2m = 4 \implies 7(4) + 5a = 28 + 5a = 38 \implies 5a = 10 \implies a = 2. Thus, 4 mangoes were purchased.
مساوات 7m+5a=387m + 5a = 38 میں جب m=4m = 4 رکھیں تو a=2a = 2 آتا ہے۔ یعنی آموں کی تعداد 4 ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
668📚💻 Computer KnowledgeFile Formats: Graphics & Images
PNG is a
Explanation
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a raster image graphics file format that supports lossless data compression and transparent backgrounds.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) ایک تصویری فارمیٹ (image format) ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
669📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput Devices & Wireless Peripherals
Wireless mouse communicates through
Explanation
A wireless mouse communicates with the computer receiver primarily via Radio Waves (typically 2.4 GHz2.4\text{ GHz} RF or Bluetooth protocol).
وائرلیس ماؤس کمپیوٹر سے ریڈیو لہروں (Radiowaves - 2.4 GHz RF) کے ذریعے رابطہ قائم کرتا ہے۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
670📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Viruses & Malware
______ gets installed and stays hidden in your computer's memory. It stays involved to the specific type of files which it infects.
Explanation
A Direct Action Virus (non-resident virus) installs itself, selects and infects specific targeted types of executable files (.exe/.com), and executes its payload when the infected program runs.
ڈائریکٹ ایکشن وائرس مخصوص فائلوں کو متاثر کرنے کے بعد چھپ جاتا ہے۔
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671📚💻 Computer KnowledgeDisplay Monitors & Pixels
How many color dots make up one color pixel on a screen?
Explanation
Each full-color pixel on a display monitor is composed of 3 primary color sub-pixel dots: Red, Green, and Blue (RGB).
اسکرین پر ایک کلر پکسل 3 رنگین ڈاٹس (سب پکسلز: ریڈ، گرین، بلیو - RGB) سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔
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672📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking: OSI 7-Layer Model
Total number of layers in OSI model is
Explanation
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model consists of exactly 7 layers: 1. Physical, 2. Data Link, 3. Network, 4. Transport, 5. Session, 6. Presentation, and 7. Application.
OSI ماڈل میں کل 7 تہیں (Layers) ہوتی ہیں۔
2024🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
673📚🏛️ National Initiatives & Current AffairsAgriculture & Digital Portals: e-NAM
The "e-NAM" platform in India is related to
Explanation
e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) is an innovative pan-India electronic trading portal launched by the Government of India to integrate existing APMC mandis into a unified national market for agricultural commodities.
e-NAM (قومی زرعی منڈی) پلیٹ فارم زرعی مارکیٹنگ اور اجناس کی آن لائن تجارت سے متعلق ہے۔
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674📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations
Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother's mother". How is the woman related to this man?
Explanation
Mother's mother is maternal grandmother (Nani). The only son of grandmother is maternal uncle (Mama). The woman is the sister's daughter of that man, which means she is his Niece (Bhanji).
عورت کی والدہ کی والدہ کا اکلوتا بیٹا اس کا ماموں ہے۔ لہذا وہ عورت اس شخص کی بھانجی (Niece) ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
675📚📖 General EnglishArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blanks with correct options.
He formed _____ close friendship with _____ group.
Explanation
'a close friendship' (singular countable indefinite relationship) with 'the group' (specific group of people). Correct: "He formed a close friendship with the group."
صحیح آرٹیکلز: 'a' close friendship with 'the' group (Option C)۔
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676📚📖 General EnglishPunctuation
Choose a sentence with appropriate punctuation
Explanation
"I know what you want." is a direct declarative statement (not a question or exclamation), correctly punctuated with a simple period without internal unnecessary commas.
درست رموز اوقاف والا جملہ: "I know what you want." (Option B) ہے۔
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677📚📖 General EnglishVocabulary & Confusing Words
Fill in the blank with appropriate word
He has a _____ for writing.
Explanation
'Flair' means a special natural talent, aptitude, or ability ("a flair for writing"). 'Flare' means a sudden bright burst of flame.
فطری صلاحیت اور ہنر کے لیے درست لفظ 'Flair' ہے: "He has a flair for writing."
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678📚💻 Computer KnowledgeDatabase Management & File Extensions
What is the file extension for a Microsoft Access database?
Explanation
Modern Microsoft Access database files (from Access 2007 onwards) use the default file extension `.accdb` (while legacy versions used `.mdb`).
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسیس ڈیٹا بیس فائل کی معیاری ایکسٹینشن `.accdb` ہے۔
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679📚🌐 International Current AffairsNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones
Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?
Explanation
Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.
اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ General Administration / Various Departments
680📚🗺️ Geography & Culture of J&KSeasons of Kashmir
Summer season in Kashmir & Ladakh valley is known as
Explanation
In the traditional Kashmiri six-season calendar, Summer (mid-May to mid-July) is called 'Grishm' (or Greeshm). (Spring is Sonth, Rainy season is Wahrat, Autumn is Harud, Winter is Wandah, and Severe Cold is Shishur).
کشمیر میں موسم گرما کو روایتی طور پر 'گریشم' (Grishm) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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681📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.

Conclusions:
i) The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
ii) It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.
Explanation
Statement directly implies that increasing population and dwindling resources will severely strain public infrastructure and living standards, making conclusion (ii) valid. Conclusion (i) contradicts the statement.
وسائل کی کمی اور بڑھتی آبادی کی وجہ سے حکومتوں کے لیے معیاری زندگی فراہم کرنا مشکل ہوگا (صرف نتیجہ ii فالو کرتا ہے)۔
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682📚💻 Computer KnowledgeComputer Networking & Packet Switching
The internet uses are
Explanation
The Internet uses Packet Switching (TCP/IP), where data messages are broken down into discrete packets transmitted independently across network nodes and reassembled at the destination.
انٹرنیٹ پیکٹ سوئچنگ (Packet switching) ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔
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683📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking & Web Protocols
What does the acronym "URL" stand for in the context of the internet?
Explanation
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, the standardized web address used to locate resources on the World Wide Web.
URL کا مکمل مطلب یونیفارم ریسورس لوکیٹر (Uniform Resource Locator) ہے۔
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684📚💻 Computer KnowledgeProgramming Translators: Compilers
What is the primary purpose of a compiler in programming?
Explanation
A Compiler is a language translator that converts entire source code written in a high-level programming language (such as C, C++, Java) into executable machine code/binary object code.
کمپائلر کا بنیادی کام ہائی لیول پروگرامنگ کوڈ کو مشین لینگویج کوڈ میں ترجمہ کرنا ہے۔
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685📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. ("The modern-day student is extremely ________ with technology.")
Explanation
'Savvy' means proficient, knowledgeable, and experienced with practical understanding ("extremely tech-savvy / savvy with technology").
ٹیکنالوجی کی گہری معلومات کے لیے 'Savvy' (tech-savvy) کا لفظ درست ہے۔
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686📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. ("they do write, courtesy ________ affinity to various platforms...")
Explanation
The third-person plural possessive determiner 'their' is required to modify the noun 'affinity': "courtesy their affinity".
ملکیتی ضمیر 'their' کا استعمال درست ہے: "courtesy their affinity".
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687📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. ("However, one skill that has been ________ affected is listening skills.")
Explanation
'Thoroughly' (meaning deeply, severely, or completely) correctly intensifies the passive verb 'affected': "thoroughly affected".
شدید اثر انداز ہونے کے لیے ایڈورب 'Thoroughly' درست ہے: "thoroughly affected".
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688📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. ("They are extremely poor ________ listeners.")
Explanation
The passage contrasts poor 'active listeners' with the growing number of 'passive listeners' in the succeeding sentence.
فعال اور متوجہ سامعین کے لیے 'active listeners' کی اصطلاح استعمال ہوئی ہے۔
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689📚📖 General EnglishCloze Test: Reading & Vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"The modern-day student is extremely (1) with technology. They do read quite a bit because of social media. While their writing skills may not be top-notch, they do write, courtesy (2) affinity to various platforms on the internet. However, one skill that has been (3) affected is listening skills. They are extremely poor (4) listeners. If this issue is not addressed, what we may be heading to in the future is a huge chunk of people across the globe, with poor skills of listening, and a huge number of passive listeners. Researchers say that listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of (5) on the planet."

Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. ("listening is the prime ingredient for empathy and the world will be in extreme poverty in terms of the number of ________ on the planet.")
Explanation
Since listening is the prime ingredient for 'empathy', a lack of listening leads to a shortage of 'empathizers' (people who demonstrate empathy).
ہمدردی اور احساس (Empathy) رکھنے والے افراد کو 'Empathizers' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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690📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
A can complete a task in 6 days, while B can complete the same task in 12 days. How many days will they take to complete the same task if they work together?
Explanation
Combined daily work =16+112=2+112=312=14= \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} = \frac{2+1}{12} = \frac{3}{12} = \frac{1}{4}. Time taken together =4 days= 4\text{ days}.
دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 12}{6 + 12} = \frac{72}{18} = 4 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔
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691📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding
In a code language if POSE is coded as OQNPRTDF, then the word TYPE will be coded as
Explanation
Each letter is coded by its immediate preceding and succeeding letters in the alphabet: P → O, Q; O → N, P; S → R, T; E → D, F. For TYPE: T → S, U; Y → X, Z; P → O, Q; E → D, F     \implies SUXZOQDF.
ہر حرف کا کوڈ اس سے پہلے اور بعد والا حرف ہے: TYPE کا کوڈ SUXZOQDF بنتا ہے۔
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692📚💻 Computer KnowledgeHistory of the Internet & WWW
Inventor of www (World wide web) is
Explanation
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN.
ورلڈ وائیڈ ویب (WWW) کے موجد سر ٹم برنرز لی (Tim Berners Lee) ہیں۔
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693📚💻 Computer KnowledgePage Layout & Orientation
Which of the following is an example of page orientation?
Explanation
Page orientation in word processing and desktop publishing refers to the direction in which a document is displayed or printed, with the two standard options being Portrait (vertical) and Landscape (horizontal).
پیج اورینٹیشن (Page orientation) کی دو اہم مثالیں پورٹریٹ اور لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہیں۔
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694📚💻 Computer KnowledgeMS Word Shortcuts
Which of the following is the shortcut key to open a 'New Blank' document in MS-Word?
Explanation
In Microsoft Word (and Office suite), pressing Ctrl+N\text{Ctrl} + \text{N} opens a new blank document window.
ایم ایس ورڈ میں نئی خالی دستاویز کھولنے کی شارٹ کٹ کی Ctrl+N\text{Ctrl} + \text{N} ہے۔
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695📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking Protocols: IP
What does IP stand for?
Explanation
In computer networking and internet architecture, IP stands for Internet Protocol (responsible for routing packets across network boundaries).
انٹرنیٹ میں IP کا مطلب انٹرنیٹ پروٹوکول (Internet Protocol) ہے۔
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696📚📖 General EnglishModals: Past Obligation
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
We \underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out
Explanation
'Ought to have + past participle' expresses past moral obligation or duty that was not fulfilled: "We ought to have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out."
ماضی کی اخلاقی ذمہ داری کے لیے 'ought to' کا استعمال درست ہے: "We ought to have locked the gate."
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697📚📖 General EnglishArticles (A vs An)
Fill in the blank using suitable articles:
Sudha is studying in \underline{\hspace{1cm}} Canadian University. From there, it will take \underline{\hspace{1cm}} hour for her to reach the airport.
Explanation
'Canadian' begins with a consonant sound (/k/), taking article 'a'. 'Hour' begins with a silent 'h' and vowel sound (/aʊər/), taking article 'an'. Correct: "a Canadian University... an hour".
'Canadian' کے ساتھ 'a' اور خاموش 'h' والے لفظ 'hour' کے ساتھ 'an' کا استعمال درست ہے۔ (a, an)
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698📚📖 General EnglishSynonyms
Select the Synonyms of the word :
Gallant
Explanation
'Gallant' means brave, heroic, chivalrous, or courageous. Its direct synonym is 'Valiant'. ('Coward', 'craven', and 'timid' are antonyms).
'Gallant' (بہادر / شجاع) کا ہم معنی لفظ 'Valiant' ہے۔
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699📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
She stood \underline{\hspace{1cm}} the window, lost in thought \underline{\hspace{1cm}} her future plans for the upcoming year.
Explanation
'Stood by the window' (near/next to) and 'lost in thought about her future plans'. Correct prepositions: "by, about".
کھڑکی کے پاس کھڑے ہونے کے لیے 'by' اور سوچ کے لیے 'about' درست پریپوزیشنز ہیں (by, about)۔
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700📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
The team worked tirelessly \underline{\hspace{1cm}} the guidance of their coach to improve their performance \underline{\hspace{1cm}} the challenging season.
Explanation
Standard idiomatic English uses 'under the guidance of' and 'during the challenging season'. Correct: "under, during".
رہنمائی کے لیے 'under the guidance' اور مدت کے لیے 'during the season' درست ہے۔ (under, during)
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701📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInternet & E-Commerce
Which of the following is NOT an e-commerce website?
Explanation
Facebook is a social networking service, whereas AJIO (fashion retail), Amazon (general merchandise), and BookMyShow (online ticketing) are commercial e-commerce transaction platforms.
فیس بک (Facebook) ایک سوشل میڈیا نیٹ ورک ہے، ای کامرس ویب سائٹ نہیں۔
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702📚💻 Computer KnowledgeGenerations of Computers
Match the computer generation with its corresponding characteristic.
List - I (Computer generation): i) First Generation, ii) Second Generation, iii) Third Generation, iv) Fourth Generation, v) Fifth Generation
List - II (Characteristic): 1) Utilized microprocessors, personal computers emerged., 2) Used vacuum tubes, large size, limited processing power., 3) Featured transistors, smaller and more reliable., 4) Focused on parallel processing, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing., 5) Introduced integrated circuits, reduced size and power consumption.
Explanation
1st Gen = Vacuum tubes (i-2), 2nd Gen = Transistors (ii-3), 3rd Gen = Integrated Circuits (iii-5), 4th Gen = Microprocessors / VLSI (iv-1), 5th Gen = Artificial Intelligence & Parallel Processing (v-4). Correct matching: i-2, ii-3, iii-5, iv-1, v-4.
کمپیوٹر کی نسلوں کا درست ملاپ: i-2، ii-3، iii-5، iv-1، v-4 ہے۔
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703📚💻 Computer KnowledgeOperating System & Device Drivers
Consider the following statements about Device Driver.
1. It a hardware device that is attached to a computer.
2. It acts as a translator between the hardware device and operating systems or applications that use it.
3. It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the operating system's instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to perform the necessary task.
4. Examples of device driver: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver, motherboard driver, ROM driver, etc.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because a device driver is a specialized software program, NOT a hardware device. Statements 2, 3, and 4 correctly describe its role as a translator/driver program and list valid driver types. Correct: 2, 3 and 4.
ڈیوائس ڈرائیور ایک سافٹ ویئر پروگرام ہے ہارڈ ویئر نہیں۔ اس لیے بیانات 2، 3 اور 4 درست ہیں۔
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704📚💻 Computer KnowledgeKeyboard Shortcuts in Windows/Office
Match List - I with List - II
List - I (Command): i) Replace, ii) Insert Hyperlink, iii) Paste, iv) Cut
List - II (Shortcut keys): 1) Ctrl+K, 2) Ctrl+H, 3) Ctrl+X, 4) Ctrl+V
Explanation
Replace = Ctrl+H (i-2), Insert Hyperlink = Ctrl+K (ii-1), Paste = Ctrl+V (iii-4), Cut = Ctrl+X (iv-3). Correct match: i-2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-3.
کی بورڈ شارٹ کٹس کا درست ملاپ: i-2، ii-1، iii-4، iv-3 ہے۔
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705📚💻 Computer KnowledgeMicrosoft Office Suite: MS Access
Which of the following is a primary feature of Microsoft Access?
Explanation
Microsoft Access is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that combines the relational Jet/ACE database engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools for storing, managing, and querying structured data.
مائیکروسافٹ ایکسیس ایک ڈیٹا بیس مینجمنٹ سسٹم (RDBMS) ہے جو ڈیٹا بیس بنانے، منظم کرنے اور سوالات (Queries) چلانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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706📚💻 Computer KnowledgeEmail Protocols: POP3, IMAP, SMTP
Which of the following statements about email protocols and services is NOT true?
Explanation
Statement A is NOT true: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) downloads email messages to the local device and typically deletes them from the mail server. IMAP is the protocol that manages emails directly on the server with multi-device sync.
بیان A غلط ہے کیونکہ POP3 پیغامات کو ڈاؤن لوڈ کرتا ہے جبکہ سرور پر براہ راست رسائی اور سنکرونائزیشن کا کام IMAP کرتا ہے۔
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707📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
Why was the Indian friend plunged in despair?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "He felt that because the holiday was over, all happiness was over until the world ended."
پیراگراف کے مطابق ہندوستانی دوست کا خیال تھا کہ چھٹیاں ختم ہونے کے بعد اب ساری خوشیاں ختم ہو چکی ہیں۔
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708📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What is the author's intention in the passage?
Explanation
The author explicitly describes how their behavior on parting was 'absolutely different' to contrast the emotional Indian temperament with the stoic English reserve.
مصنف کا مقصد ہندوستانی اور انگریزی مزاج اور ردعمل کے فرق کو واضح کرنا تھا۔
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709📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What is the Continent in the context of the passage?
Explanation
In British English idiom and historical literature, 'the Continent' refers to mainland Europe.
برطانوی انگریزی میں 'the Continent' سے مراد سرزمین یورپ (Europe) ہے۔
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710📚📖 General EnglishComprehension Passage
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What does 'But in me the Englishman came out strong' imply?
Explanation
It implies that the author exhibited the traditional English 'stiff upper lip' character—pragmatic, undemonstrative, and unemotional in the face of parting.
اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ مصنف کے اندر روایتی انگریزی مزاج (ضبط اور جذبات کو قابو میں رکھنا) غالب آ گیا۔
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711📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"Once upon a time I went for a week's holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was overs all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up", I said, "do buck up". He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom."

Question:
What does the author mean by 'buck up'?
Explanation
'Buck up' is an informal English idiom meaning to cheer up, take heart, and become more encouraged or positive.
'Buck up' کا مطلب حوصلہ بلند کرنا یا خوش ہونا (Cheer up) ہے۔
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712📚👥 Indian Society & DemographicsTribes of India
Which of the following statements related to tribes in India are correct?
Explanation
The Tharu tribal community lives across the Terai lowlands of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. (Gaddi pastoralists are primarily associated with HP/J&K, but statement A is the standard factual classification).
تھارو قبائل (Tharu tribes) اتر پردیش اور اتراکھنڈ کے ترائی علاقوں میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔
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713📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaInternational Borders of India
Which of the following States of India does not have a common border with Myanmar?
Explanation
Four Indian States share the 1,643 km1,643\text{ km} border with Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. Assam does NOT share a border with Myanmar.
آسام (Assam) کی سرحد میانمار کے ساتھ نہیں ملتی، جبکہ اروناچل، ناگالینڈ، منی پور اور میزورم کی سرحدیں ملتی ہیں۔
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714📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCoastal Plains of India
The name of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast represents the south-eastern coastal plain region of the Indian subcontinent between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh.
تامل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈیل کوسٹ (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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715📚🎭 Languages & Culture of J&KLanguages of Jammu & Kashmir
Which one of the following is not among the principal language of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Monpa is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Monpa people of Arunachal Pradesh. Urdu, Gojri, and Kashmiri (Koshur) are prominent regional languages of J&K.
مونپا (Monpa) اروناچل پردیش کی زبان ہے، جموں و کشمیر کی نہیں۔
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716📚🗺️ Geography of Jammu & KashmirLakes of Jammu & Kashmir
Which is the deepest lake in Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake, located in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir, is the deepest lake in Jammu and Kashmir and India, reaching maximum depths of approximately 13 metres13\text{ metres} (43 ft43\text{ ft}).
مانسبل جھیل (Manasbal Lake - ضلع گاندربل) جموں و کشمیر کی سب سے گہری جھیل ہے۔
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717📚🗺️ Geography of J&K & LadakhClimate Extremes in India & Ladakh
\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} is the coldest inhabited place in India.
Explanation
Drass, situated in the Kargil district of Ladakh at an altitude of 3,280 m3,280\text{ m}, is famously known as the 'Gateway to Ladakh' and is the coldest inhabited place in India (and second coldest permanently inhabited place in the world after Oymyakon, Siberia).
دراس (Drass - لداخ) ہندوستان کا سب سے سرد ترین آباد مقام ہے۔
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718📚🗺️ Geography & Economy of J&KMajor Towns & Horticulture in J&K
Which town in Jammu and Kashmir is also known as Apple Town?
Explanation
Sopore in Baramulla district is historically referred to as the 'Apple Town of Kashmir' and hosts Asia's second-largest fruit mandi (Shopian is known as the 'Apple Bowl').
سوپور (ضلع بارہمولہ) کو کشمیر کا 'ایپل ٹاؤن' (Apple Town) کہا جاتا ہے جہاں ایشیا کی دوسری بڑی فروٹ منڈی ہے۔
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719📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProfit and Loss
By selling an article for Rs. 960 a man incurs a loss of 4%; what was the cost price?
Explanation
Cost Price=Selling Price1Loss%=96010.04=9600.96=Rs. 1000\text{Cost Price} = \frac{\text{Selling Price}}{1 - \text{Loss}\%} = \frac{960}{1 - 0.04} = \frac{960}{0.96} = \text{Rs. } 1000.
لاگت کی قیمت = \frac{960}{0.96} = 1000 روپے ہے۔
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720📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف روانہ ہوا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف منہ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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721📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding
If in a certain code language 'NEETA' is written as 'MVVGZ' , then what word will be written for 'IZHSNR' ?
Explanation
The rule is opposite alphabet letters: N ↔ M, E ↔ V, T ↔ G, A ↔ Z. For code IZHSNR: I ↔ R, Z ↔ A, H ↔ S, S ↔ H, N ↔ M, R ↔ I     \implies RASHMI.
الٹ حروف کے اصول سے IZHSNR کا اصل لفظ RASHMI بنتا ہے۔
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722📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a woman in the photograph, Rajesh said, "The only daughter of her grandfather is my wife". How is Rajesh related to that woman?
Explanation
The only daughter of the woman's paternal grandfather is her mother. If her mother is Rajesh's wife, then Rajesh is her Father.
عورت کے دادا کی اکلوتی بیٹی اس کی ماں ہے۔ چونکہ وہ راجیش کی بیوی ہے، اس لیے راجیش اس عورت کا باپ (Father) ہے۔
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723📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations
Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother's mother". How is the woman related to the man?
Explanation
Mother's mother is maternal grandmother (Nani). Her only son is maternal uncle (Mama). The woman is the niece (Bhanji) of the man.
عورت کے نانی کا اکلوتا بیٹا اس کا ماموں ہے، لہذا وہ عورت اس شخص کی بھانجی (Niece) ہے۔
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724📚💻 Computer KnowledgeEmail Management
The \underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} folder retains copies of email messages have started but are not yet ready to be send.
Explanation
The Drafts folder in email clients automatically saves unfinished or composed emails that have not yet been sent.
ای میل میں غیر بھیجے گئے اور ادھورے پیغامات 'Drafts' فولڈر میں محفوظ رہتے ہیں۔
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725📚💻 Computer KnowledgeMS Excel Macros & VBA
\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} is the programming language used to write a Macro in MS Excel.
Explanation
Macros in Microsoft Excel are written and edited using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) / VB Script.
ایم ایس ایکسل میں میکروز لکھنے کے لیے VBA / VB Script کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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726📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity: Firewalls
What is computer firewall?
Explanation
A Firewall is a network security system (software or hardware) that monitors, filters, and blocks unauthorized incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
فائر وال ایک سیکیورٹی سسٹم ہے جو انٹرنیٹ نیٹ ورک اور کمپیوٹر کو غیر مجاز رسائی اور خطرات سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔
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727📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles
What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?
Explanation
The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.
پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
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728📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
Misruns and cold shuts in sand casting arise from:
Explanation
Misruns (incomplete cavity filling) and cold shuts (imperfect fusion of two metal streams) occur due to low pouring temperature, insufficient fluidity, or slow pouring rates.
کاسٹنگ میں مس رنز اور کولڈ شٹس پگھلی ہوئی دھات کا درجہ حرارت کم (Lower pouring temperature) ہونے کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔
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729📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Strain Hardening & Dislocations
Assertion-Reasoning:
Assertion (A): Plastic deformation in metals and alloys is a permanent deformation under load. It is useful in strengthening the products obtained via cold rolling process.
Reason (R): Plastic or permanent deformation in metal/alloys causes an increase in dislocation density.
Explanation
Both statements are true: Plastic deformation increases dislocation density from 106 cm2\sim 10^6\text{ cm}^{-2} to 1011 cm210^{11}\text{ cm}^{-2}. Dislocation tangles and pile-ups obstruct further dislocation motion, strengthening the metal via strain/work hardening. Thus, R correctly explains A.
دونوں بیانات درست ہیں اور R بیان A کی درست وضاحت ہے کیونکہ پلاسٹک کی خرابی ڈسلوکیشن ڈینسٹی بڑھا کر میٹل کو مضبوط کرتی ہے۔
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730📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Chvorinov's Rule
The volume of a cube with side 'll' and the volume of a sphere with radius 'rr' are equal. Both the cube and sphere are composed of the same material and are being cast. What is the ratio of the solidification time of the cube to that of the sphere?
Explanation
According to Chvorinov's Rule: ts(VA)2t_s \propto \left(\frac{V}{A}\right)^2. Since Vcube=VsphereV_{cube} = V_{sphere}, the ratio of solidification times is \frac{t_{cube}}{t_{sphere}} = \left(\frac{A_{sphere}}{A_{cube}} ight)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{6 l^2}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^2 \left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^4.
چورینوف کے قانون کے تحت جمنے کے وقت کا تناسب: (4π6)2(rl)4\left(\frac{4\pi}{6}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{r}{l}\right)^{4} حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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731📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology & Inspection: Optical Flats
Of what material are optical flats typically made?
Explanation
High-precision optical flats used for light-wave interferometry surface flatness testing are typically manufactured from high-purity fused silica (Quartz) due to its near-zero thermal expansion coefficient and exceptional hardness.
آپٹیکل فلیٹس عام طور پر کوارٹز (Quartz) سے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔
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732📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Circular Motion
Water in a bucket is whirled in a vertical circle with a string attached to it. The water does NOT fall even when the bucket is inverted at the top of its path. This is due to:
Explanation
At the topmost point of a vertical circle, the condition for water not to fall out is that the downward gravitational force must be balanced or exceeded by centrifugal reaction, so mgmv2rmg \le \frac{mv^2}{r} (mgmg is NOT greater than mv2r\frac{mv^2}{r}).
پانی اس لیے نہیں گرتا کیونکہ کشش ثقل کی قوت سینٹری فیوگل قوت سے زیادہ نہیں ہوتی (mgmg is NOT greater than mv2r\frac{mv^2}{r}
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733📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: 5S Lean Manufacturing
Arrange the following steps in order to eliminate waste and enhance efficiency in lean manufacturing:
a. Seiso
b. Shitsuke
c. Seiri
d. Seiketsu
e. Seiton
Explanation
The 5S methodology sequence is: 1. Seiri (Sort - c), 2. Seiton (Set in order - e), 3. Seiso (Shine - a), 4. Seiketsu (Standardize - d), 5. Shitsuke (Sustain - b). Correct sequence: c, e, a, d, b.
5S طریقہ کار کی درست ترتیب: 1. سیری (c)، 2. سیتون (e)، 3. سیسو (a)، 4. سیکیتسو (d)، 5. شیتسوکے (b) یعنی c, e, a, d, b ہے۔
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734📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: AutoCAD Commands
By which of the following command one can draw a rectangle in AutoCAD?
Explanation
In AutoCAD software, the command shortcut 'REC' (or RECTANG) is used to draw rectangles. (CO = Copy, ARC = Arc, POL = Polygon).
آٹو کیڈ میں مستطیل (Rectangle) بنانے کے لیے 'REC' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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735📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Clutches vs Couplings
Which of the following is correct?
Explanation
A clutch is a temporary disengageable mechanical connector that can connect or disconnect the driving and driven shafts at will while the prime mover is running. A coupling permanently connects two shafts.
کلچ (Clutch) چلتی ہوئی حالت میں دو شافٹوں کو جوڑنے اور الگ کرنے کی صلاحیت رکھتا ہے۔
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736📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Mohr's Circle of Stress
Mohr's circle model is used to compute:
Explanation
Mohr's Circle is a graphical 2D representation used in mechanics of materials to determine the state of stress (normal and shear stresses) acting on any arbitrary inclined plane at a given point in a loaded structural member.
موہر سرکل (Mohr's circle) کسی نقطے پر مختلف زاویوں پر تناؤ کی حالت (State of stress) معلوم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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737📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Principal Stresses
The cross-sectional area of a rectangular bar is 10000 mm210000\text{ mm}^2 and it is subjected to an axial load of 20 kN. What is the normal stress on a section inclined at an angle of 3030^\circ with normal cross-section of the bar?
Explanation
Axial stress σx=PA=20000 N10000 mm2=2 N/mm2\sigma_x = \frac{P}{A} = \frac{20000\text{ N}}{10000\text{ mm}^2} = 2\text{ N/mm}^2. Normal stress on plane inclined at θ=30\theta = 30^\circ to normal cross section: σθ=σxcos2θ=2×cos2(30)=2×(32)2=2×34=1.5 N/mm2\sigma_\theta = \sigma_x \cos^2\theta = 2 \times \cos^2(30^\circ) = 2 \times \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2 = 2 \times \frac{3}{4} = 1.5\text{ N/mm}^2.
ترچھے سیکشن پر نارمل اسٹریس σθ=2×cos2(30)=1.5 N/mm2\sigma_\theta = 2 \times \cos^2(30^\circ) = 1.5\text{ N/mm}^2 ہے۔
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738📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringFluid Mechanics: Couette Flow
What will be the velocity distribution or profile when a fluid is filled between two parallel plates (top and bottom) in which the top plate is moving with a constant velocity V and the bottom plate is fixed?
Explanation
This is simple planar Couette flow governed by d2udy2=0\frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = 0. Integrating with no-slip boundary conditions gives a linear velocity profile u(y)=Vyhu(y) = V \frac{y}{h}.
کوئٹ فلو (Couette flow) میں متوازی پلیٹوں کے درمیان سیال کی رفتار لکیری (Linear) ہوتی ہے۔
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739📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Technology: Welding Joints
In single V-butt welds, the angle between edges is:
Explanation
In standard single V-groove butt welding joints, the included groove angle between the prepared plate edges typically ranges from 6060^\circ to 7070^\circ to ensure complete joint penetration.
سنگل وی بٹ ویلڈنگ میں کناروں کے درمیان کا زاویہ 6060^\circ سے 7070^\circ رکھا جاتا ہے۔
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740📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Investment Casting
The pattern used in investment casting is:
Explanation
Investment casting (also known as the lost-wax casting process) utilizes patterns made of Wax (or expandable polystyrene) which melt and drain out when the ceramic shell mold is heated.
انویسٹمنٹ کاسٹنگ (Lost wax process) میں موم (Wax) کے پیٹرن استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
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741📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Evaporative Pattern Casting
While using the disposable pattern, the metal should be poured:
Explanation
In full-mold / evaporative / disposable pattern casting (lost foam), molten metal must be poured rapidly to vaporize the foam pattern completely and prevent premature freezing or entrapment of pyrolysis residues.
ڈسپوزیبل پیٹرن کاسٹنگ میں پگھلی ہوئی دھات کو انتہائی تیزی سے (Very rapidly) ڈالا جانا چاہیے۔
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742📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering & Automation
The word automation leads to:
Explanation
Automation involves the integration of self-operating mechanical and electronic controls to increase production rates, assist/substitute human operators in hazardous tasks, and improve overall factory productivity.
آٹومیشن سے پیداوار میں اضافہ اور مشینوں کے ذریعے انسانی کاموں کی انجام دہی ممکن ہوتی ہے۔
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743📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Demand Forecasting
In a static environment, forecasting future is:
Explanation
Passive forecasting is applied in a static/stable operating environment where future patterns are assumed to follow past trends without substantial active strategic intervention.
غیر متحرک اور مستحکم ماحول میں پیش گوئی کرنے کے عمل کو غیر فعال پیش گوئی (Passive forecasting) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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744📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringProduction Planning: Scheduling Terminology
Time taken for the job from its arrival to the system until its departure is:
Explanation
Flow Time is defined as the total elapsed time a job spends in the production system from its moment of arrival until its completion and departure (including waiting and processing times).
نظام میں آمد سے لے کر روانگی تک جاب کے ذریعے لیے گئے کل وقت کو فلو ٹائم (Flow time) کہتے ہیں۔
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745📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringPower Plant Engineering: Rankine Cycle
In a Rankine cycle, the enthalpies at turbine entry and outlet are 3159 kJ/kg3159\text{ kJ/kg} and 2187 kJ/kg2187\text{ kJ/kg}, respectively. If the specific pump work is 2 kJ/kg2\text{ kJ/kg}, the specific steam consumption (in kg/kWh) of the cycle based on net output is:
Explanation
Turbine work wt=h1h2=31592187=972 kJ/kgw_t = h_1 - h_2 = 3159 - 2187 = 972\text{ kJ/kg}. Net work wnet=wtwp=9722=970 kJ/kgw_{net} = w_t - w_p = 972 - 2 = 970\text{ kJ/kg}. Specific Steam Consumption SSC=3600 kJ/kWhwnet=36009703.71 kg/kWhSSC = \frac{3600\text{ kJ/kWh}}{w_{net}} = \frac{3600}{970} \approx 3.71\text{ kg/kWh}.
خالص کام wnet=970 kJ/kgw_{net} = 970\text{ kJ/kg}۔ مخصوص بھاپ کی کھپت SSC=3600970=3.71 kg/kWhSSC = \frac{3600}{970} = 3.71\text{ kg/kWh} ہے۔
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746📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringFluid Mechanics: Hydrostatic Forces
The total pressure on a horizontally immersed surface (of surface area AA) with its centre of gravity at a depth xˉ\bar{x} from liquid surface in a liquid of specific weight ω\omega is:
Explanation
The total hydrostatic pressure force on a submerged planar surface of area AA immersed at centroid depth xˉ\bar{x} in a liquid of specific weight ω=ρg\omega = \rho g is F=ωAxˉF = \omega A \bar{x}.
ہائیڈرو اسٹیٹک پریشر فورس کا فارمولا F=ωAxˉF = \omega A \bar{x} ہے۔
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747📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringHydraulic Machines: Hydraulic Turbines
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List-I: P. Propeller, Q. Francis turbine, R. Kaplan turbine, S. Pelton turbine
List-II: 1. Inward flow reaction, 2. Tangential flow impulse, 3. Axial flow reaction with fixed vanes, 4. Axial flow reaction with adjustable vanes
Explanation
Propeller Turbine = Axial flow reaction with fixed vanes (P-3); Francis Turbine = Mixed / Inward radial flow reaction (Q-1); Kaplan Turbine = Axial flow reaction with adjustable vanes (R-4); Pelton Turbine = Tangential flow impulse (S-2). Correct matching: P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2.
ہائیڈرولک ٹربائنز کا درست ملاپ: P-3، Q-1، R-4، S-2 ہے۔
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748📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
Match the casting defects (Group A) with the probable causes (Group B):
Group A: 1. Cold Shut, 2. Shrinkage, 3. Blow holes, 4. Hot tears
Group B: P. Wide range of solidification temperature / contraction resistance, Q. Low permeability of the sand mould, R. Volumetric contraction both in liquid and solid stage, S. Improper fusion of two streams of liquid metal
Explanation
Cold Shut = Improper fusion of liquid streams (1-S); Blow holes = Trapped gases due to low mould permeability (3-Q); Shrinkage = Volumetric contraction during freezing (2-R); Hot tears = Severe thermal contraction stresses / wide solidification range (4-P). Match: 1-S, 3-Q, 2-R, 4-P.
کاسٹنگ کے نقائص کا درست ملاپ: 1-S، 3-Q، 2-R، 4-P ہے۔
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749📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Product-Process Mapping
Match the following products with preferred manufacturing processes:
Group A (Products): I. Rails, II. Engine crankshaft, III. Aluminium channels, IV. PET water bottles
Group B (Manufacturing Processes): P. Blow molding, Q. Extrusion, R. Forging, S. Rolling
Explanation
Railway Rails = Hot Rolling (I-S); Engine Crankshaft = Drop Forging (II-R); Aluminium Channels = Forward Hot Extrusion (III-Q); PET Water Bottles = Stretch Blow Molding (IV-P). Match: I-S, II-R, III-Q, IV-P.
مصنوعات اور مینوفیکچرنگ پروسیسز کا درست ملاپ: I-S، II-R، III-Q، IV-P ہے۔
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750📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Gating Systems
A gating ratio 1:2:4 is used to design the gating system for magnesium alloy casting. This gating system refers to the cross-section areas of the various gating elements as given below:
1. Down sprue
2. Runner bar
3. Ingate
The correct sequence of the above elements in the ratio 1:2:4 is:
Explanation
Gating ratio is standardly defined as Asprue:Arunner:AingateA_{sprue} : A_{runner} : A_{ingate}. An unpressurized ratio of 1:2:4 corresponds directly to 1 (Down sprue) : 2 (Runner bar) : 3 (Ingate).
گیٹنگ ریشو As:Ar:Ag=1:2:4A_s : A_r : A_g = 1:2:4 کا مطلب ہے ڈاؤن اسپرو، رنر بار اور ان گیٹ (1، 2 اور 3)۔
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751📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: Group Technology & Cellular Manufacturing
Consider the following statements:
P. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) takes input from material requirement plan (MRP).
Q. Production flow analysis helps in work cell formation.
R. Group technology takes input from choice of machining or cutting parameters.
Among the above statements, the correct one(s) is (are):
Explanation
Production Flow Analysis (PFA) developed by Burbidge analyzes routing sheets to group part families and machines into manufacturing work cells for cellular manufacturing. Thus, statement Q is correct.
پروڈکشن فلو اینالائسس (PFA) مینوفیکچرنگ ورک سیلز کی تشکیل میں مدد دیتا ہے (Q درست ہے)۔
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752📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Polymers & Plastics
Which of the following is an example of a thermoplastic?
Explanation
Acetal (Polyoxymethylene / POM / Delrin) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic. Melamine, Epoxide (Epoxy), and Urethane (Polyurethane resins) are thermosetting polymers.
ایسیٹل (Acetal / POM) ایک تھرمو پلاسٹک پولیمر ہے، جبکہ باقی تھرموسیٹنگ پولیمرز ہیں۔
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753📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics: Gas Turbine Brayton Cycle
The Brayton cycle is commonly used in:
Explanation
The Brayton (or Joule) cycle is the theoretical thermodynamic operating cycle for open and closed-loop Gas Turbine power plants and jet propulsion aircraft engines.
برائٹن سائیکل (Brayton cycle) گیس ٹربائنز اور جیٹ انجنوں میں کام کرنے والا بنیادی تھرموڈائنامک سائیکل ہے۔
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754📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics: Second Law Statements
The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics states that:
Explanation
The Kelvin-Planck statement establishes that it is impossible for any cyclic heat engine to continuously extract heat from a single thermal reservoir and convert it completely into equivalent mechanical work without rejecting some heat to a lower-temperature sink.
کیلون پلانک بیان کے تحت کوئی بھی سائیکلک انجن بغیر حرارت خارج کیے مکمل طور پر حرارت کو کام میں تبدیل نہیں کر سکتا۔
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755📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringPower Plant: Condensers
The purpose of the condenser in a Rankine cycle is to:
Explanation
The condenser in a steam power plant condenses the low-pressure exhaust steam leaving the steam turbine into liquid water condensate at constant pressure so that it can be efficiently pumped back into the steam boiler.
رینکن سائیکل میں کنڈینسر کا مقصد ٹربائن سے خارج ہونے والی بھاپ کو ٹھنڈا کر کے مائع پانی میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔
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756📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Arc Welding
TIG welding stands for:
Explanation
TIG welding stands for Tungsten Inert Gas welding (also designated Gas Tungsten Arc Welding or GTAW), which uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert shielding gas (Argon/Helium).
TIG ویلڈنگ کا مکمل نام ٹنگسٹن انرٹ گیس (Tungsten Inert Gas) ویلڈنگ ہے۔
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757📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Imperfections & Grain Boundaries
The term "grain boundary" refers to the boundary between:
Explanation
A grain boundary is a 2D planar interface defect separating two adjacent crystallites (grains) of the same phase having different crystallographic spatial orientations in a polycrystalline material.
گرین باؤنڈری (Grain boundary) پولی کرسٹلائن میٹل میں ملحقہ کرسٹل گرینز کے درمیان کی سرحد کو کہتے ہیں۔
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758📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Casting Defects
A common defect in casting caused by improper mold compaction is called:
Explanation
Improper/uneven mould compaction and ramming leads to localized sand permeability variations, causing gas entrapment, pinholes, and mould surface porosity defects.
مولڈ کی نامناسب کمپیکشن کے باعث گیسوں کے پھنس جانے سے پوروسٹی (Porosity) کا نقص پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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759📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringCAD/CAM: Fundamentals
CAM refers to:
Explanation
CAM stands for Computer-Aided Manufacturing, which uses specialized software and automated computer-controlled machinery (CNC/DNC) to plan, manage, and execute manufacturing operations.
CAM کا مطلب کمپیوٹر ایڈیڈ مینوفیکچرنگ (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) ہے۔
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760📚⚖️ Indian Polity & ConstitutionEighth Schedule Languages
At present, how many languages are there in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
Explanation
The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India currently lists 22 official regional languages (originally 14, with additions via 21st, 71st, and 92nd Constitutional Amendments).
ہندوستانی آئین کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں فی الوقت 22 سرکاری زبانیں شامل ہیں۔
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761📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProblems on Ages
The present ages of Aman and Nina are 59 and 37 years, respectively. What was the ratio of the ages of Nina and Aman 13 years ago?
Explanation
13 years ago: Nina's age =3713=24 years= 37 - 13 = 24\text{ years}. Aman's age =5913=46 years= 59 - 13 = 46\text{ years}. Ratio of Nina to Aman =24:46=12:23= 24 : 46 = 12 : 23.
13 سال پہلے نینا اور امن کی عمروں کا تناسب =24:46=12:23= 24 : 46 = 12 : 23 تھا۔
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762📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
A can do a work in 6 days and B in 9 days. How many days will both take together to complete the work?
Explanation
Combined time =A×BA+B=6×96+9=5415=3.6 days= \frac{A \times B}{A + B} = \frac{6 \times 9}{6 + 9} = \frac{54}{15} = 3.6\text{ days}.
دونوں مل کر کام کو \frac{6 \times 9}{15} = 3.6 دن میں مکمل کریں گے۔
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763📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Halogens & Bleaching
Bleaching action of chlorine is by
Explanation
Chlorine bleaches in the presence of moisture through Oxidation: Chlorine reacts with water to release nascent oxygen (Cl2+H2O2HCl+[O]\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} → 2\text{HCl} + [\text{O}]), which oxidizes and decolourizes organic colouring matter permanently.
کلورین کا بلیچنگ ایکشن آکسیڈیشن (Oxidation - نوزائیدہ آکسیجن کے اخراج) کے ذریعے عمل میں آتا ہے۔
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764📚🔬 General ScienceEcology: Trophic Levels & Food Chains
The primary consumers are
Explanation
In an ecological food chain, Herbivores (plant-eating animals like deer, cows, rabbits) occupy the second trophic level and are classified as primary consumers because they feed directly on primary producers (plants).
بنیادی صارفین (Primary consumers) پودے کھانے والے جاندار یعنی ہربی وورس (Herbivores) ہوتے ہیں۔
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765📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Human Respiratory System
During respiration exchange of gases take place in
Explanation
In human respiratory anatomy, the exchange of oxygen (O2\text{O}_2) and carbon dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2) occurs across the thin, vascularized walls of microscopic air sacs called Alveoli in the lungs via simple diffusion.
سانس کے عمل کے دوران گیسوں کا تبادلہ پھیپھڑوں کے ایلوولی (Alveoli of lungs) میں ہوتا ہے۔
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766📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryNon-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements
Which of the following movement was combined with the Non-Cooperation movement in 1920?
Explanation
In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress merged the Non-Cooperation Movement with the Khilafat Movement led by the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule.
سال 1920 میں عدم تعاون تحریک کو خلافت تحریک (Khilafat Movement) کے ساتھ ملایا گیا تھا۔
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767📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaIndian Standard Time (IST)
India used how many time zones
Explanation
India observes a single uniform national time zone: Indian Standard Time (IST), which is calculated along the Standard Meridian of 82.5 E82.5^\circ\text{ E} longitude passing through Mirzapur (UP), corresponding to UTC+05:30\text{UTC} + 05:30.
ہندوستان میں صرف ایک (01) ٹائم زون (IST - UTC+5:30) استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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768📚⚖️ Indian Polity & GovernancePanchayati Raj 3-Tier System
The system of Panchayati Raj involves:
Explanation
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (Balwant Rai Mehta Committee model), the Panchayati Raj system establishes a 3-tier local self-governance structure: 1. Gram Panchayat (Village level), 2. Panchayat Samiti (Block/Intermediate level), and 3. Zilla Parishad (District level).
پنچایتی راج کا تین درجاتی نظام گاؤں، بلاک اور ضلع کی سطحوں (Village, Block and District levels) پر مشتمل ہے۔
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769📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف رخ کر کے چلنا شروع کیا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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770📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Alphabet Pairs
If in a certain code language 'TIGER' is written as 'GRTVT', then what word will be written for 'HMZPV'?
Explanation
Opposite alphabet coding: T ↔ G, I ↔ R, G ↔ T, E ↔ V, R ↔ I. For cipher HMZPV: H ↔ S, M ↔ N, Z ↔ A, P ↔ K, V ↔ E     \implies SNAKE.
الٹ حروف کے کوڈنگ اصول سے HMZPV کا اصل لفظ SNAKE بنتا ہے۔
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771📚🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management: Landfill Gas
When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates
Explanation
Anaerobic microbial decomposition of organic biodegradable municipal solid waste inside sanitary landfills generates Landfill Gas, consisting primarily of Methane (CH4\text{CH}_4, 5055%\approx 50\text{--}55\%) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2).
لینڈ فل میں نامیاتی مادے کی سڑن سے بنیادی طور پر میتھین گیس (Methane gas - CH4\text{CH}_4) پیدا ہوتی ہے۔
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772📚⚖️ Labour Laws & Social SecurityEmployees' Provident Fund Act, 1952
Minimum _____ persons must be employed in as establishment for the applicability of the PF act.
Explanation
Under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, statutory PF registration applies to any factory or commercial establishment employing 20 or more persons.
ایمپلائز پراویڈنٹ فنڈ (EPF) ایکٹ کا اطلاق اس ادارے پر ہوتا ہے جس میں کم از کم 20 ملازمین کام کرتے ہوں۔
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773📚⚖️ Labour Laws & Industrial RelationsPayment of Wages Act, 1936
According to Payment of Wages Act, the maximum wage period or payment of wages to employees by employer should not exceed
Explanation
Section 4 of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 mandates that no wage period fixed by the person responsible for the payment of wages shall exceed one month (30 days).
پیمنٹ آف ویجز ایکٹ کے تحت تنخواہ کی ادائیگی کی زیادہ سے زیادہ مدت ایک ماہ (30 دن) سے تجاوز نہیں کرنی چاہیے۔
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774📚📖 General EnglishSpelling Check
Choose the correctly spelt word
Explanation
The correct spelling is 'Clandestine' (meaning kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit reasons).
درست ہجے 'Clandestine' (پوشیدہ / خفیہ) ہے۔
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775📚🗺️ Geography & Culture of IndiaLanguages of North-East India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which of the following states of India?
Explanation
Bodo (Boro), an official language listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is primarily spoken in the state of Assam (Bodoland Territorial Region).
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔
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776📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProfit and Loss
A man buys oranges at Rs. 5 a dozen and an equal number Rs. 4 a dozen. He sells them at Rs. 5.50 a dozen and makes a profit of Rs. 50. How many oranges does he buy?
Explanation
Let him buy xx dozen of each kind (total 2x2x dozens). Total Cost =5x+4x=9x Rs.= 5x + 4x = 9x\text{ Rs.} Average Cost per dozen =9x2x=Rs. 4.50= \frac{9x}{2x} = \text{Rs. } 4.50. Selling price per dozen =Rs. 5.50= \text{Rs. } 5.50. Profit per dozen =5.504.50=Rs. 1.00= 5.50 - 4.50 = \text{Rs. } 1.00. Total profit =(2x)×1.00=50    2x=50 dozens= (2x) \times 1.00 = 50 \implies 2x = 50\text{ dozens} (or buys 50 dozens in total).
اوسط لاگت = 4.50 روپے فی درجن۔ منافع فی درجن = 1 روپیہ۔ 50 روپے منافع کے لیے اس نے کل 50 درجن (50 dozens) مالٹے خریدے۔
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777📚🌱 Environmental Science & EnergyRenewable Energy: Biogas
Both power and manure is provided by:
Explanation
A Biogas (gobar gas) plant anaerobically digests cattle dung and organic waste to simultaneously generate combustible methane gas for power/cooking and nutrient-rich bio-slurry for agricultural manure/fertilizer.
بائیو گیس پلانٹ (Biogas plant) بجلی/حرارت کے ساتھ ساتھ قدرتی کھاد (Manure) بھی فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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778📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Human Eye and Defects of Vision
Which among the following lens is used to correct Presbyopia
Explanation
Presbyopia (age-related loss of accommodation of the eye's ciliary muscles) is standardly corrected using Bifocal lenses (where upper portion is concave for distant vision and lower portion is convex for near reading).
پریس بائیوپیا (عمر کے ساتھ بینائی کی کمزوری) کو ٹھیک کرنے کے لیے بائی فوکل لینز (Bifocal lens) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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779📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Human Diseases & Transmission
Which is communicable disease?
Explanation
Measles (Rubeola) is an infectious, highly communicable viral disease transmitted airborne through respiratory droplets. Asthma (allergy), Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency), and Diabetes (metabolic) are non-communicable.
خسرہ (Measles) ایک متعدی اور چھوت کی بیماری (Communicable disease) ہے۔
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780📚🌿 Flora and Fauna of IndiaIndian Flora: Trees & Plants
Which among the following is known as Flame of the forest?
Explanation
Palash (Butea monosperma, also known as Dhak or Bastard Teak) is famously called the 'Flame of the Forest' because its canopy becomes completely covered with brilliant scarlet-orange flowers in spring.
پلاش (Palash / ڈھاک) کے درخت کو اس کے سرخ پھولوں کی وجہ سے 'فلیم آف دی فاریسٹ' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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781📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInternet Applications: Social Networks vs E-Commerce
Which of the following is NOT a social network?
Explanation
eBay is an online multinational e-commerce consumer-to-consumer auction and shopping marketplace, whereas LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter (X) are social networking platforms.
ای بے (eBay) ایک ای کامرس ویب سائٹ ہے، سوشل میڈیا نیٹ ورک نہیں۔
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782📚🏥 First Aid & HealthEmergency First Aid: Anaphylaxis Management
What should a casualty with a severe allergy carry at all times?
Explanation
Individuals with severe life-threatening allergies at risk of anaphylaxis must carry an auto-injector of Adrenaline (Epinephrine / EpiPen) at all times to reverse airway constriction and shock.
شدید الرجی (اینافیلیکسس) کے مریضوں کو فوری علاج کے لیے ایڈرینالین (Adrenaline / EpiPen) ساتھ رکھنا چاہیے۔
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783📚🌱 Environmental ScienceOzone Depletion & Refrigerants (CFCs)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also known as
Explanation
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, e.g. CFC-11, CFC-12) used historically as refrigerants and aerosol propellants are commercially known by the DuPont brand trademark Freon.
کلورو فلورو کاربنز (CFCs) کو تجارتی طور پر فریون (Freon) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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784📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCapitals of Indian States
What is the capital of Meghalaya?
Explanation
Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).
ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔
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785📚🌿 National Parks & Wildlife of J&KDachigam National Park & Gateways
Which is the gateway of the famous Wildlife sanctuary of Dachigam?
Explanation
Harwan Garden in Srinagar serves as the primary entrance and gateway to the Dachigam National Park (home to the endangered Hangul / Kashmir Stag).
داچی گام نیشنل پارک کا مرکزی گیٹ وے ہارون گارڈن (Harwan Garden) سری نگر ہے۔
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786📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Optics & Plane Mirrors
A beam of light incident on a plane mirror forms a real image on reflection. The incident beam is
Explanation
A plane mirror forms a real image only when a Convergent beam of light is incident upon it (representing a virtual object positioned behind the mirror, which reflects into a real focal convergence point in front).
ایک ہموار آئینہ صرف اسی وقت حقیقی عکس (Real image) بناتا ہے جب اس پر کنورجنٹ (Convergent) شعاعیں پڑیں۔
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787📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Number Substitution
If PIPE written as 169165, then what is the last digit of SWAN?
Explanation
Alphabet positions: P(16), I(9), P(16), E(5) 169165→ 169165. For SWAN: S(19), W(23), A(1), N(14) 1923114→ 1923114. The last digit is 4.
SWAN کے آخری حرف 'N' کی پوزیشن 14 ہے، لہذا آخری ہندسہ 4 ہے۔
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788📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory: Venn Diagrams
Among 200 persons, 90 people like Tea while 108 people like Coffee and 46 people like both Tea and Coffee. How many person like neither nor coffee?
Explanation
Number liking at least one beverage: n(TC)=n(T)+n(C)n(TC)=90+10846=152n(T \cup C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T \cap C) = 90 + 108 - 46 = 152. Persons liking neither =200152=48= 200 - 152 = 48.
دونوں میں سے کچھ بھی پسند نہ کرنے والوں کی تعداد = 200(90+10846)=200152=48200 - (90 + 108 - 46) = 200 - 152 = 48 ہے۔
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789📚🗣️ Communication SkillsTypes of Communication: Interpersonal Verbal
The communication between two persons through letters is an instance of
Explanation
Communication between two distinct individuals is Interpersonal, and because written language uses words (verbal code), letter writing is classified as Interpersonal Verbal Communication.
خطوط کے ذریعے دو افراد کے درمیان رابطہ باہمی زبانی مواصلات (Interpersonal Verbal Communication) کی مثال ہے۔
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790📚🗣️ Communication SkillsLinguistics & Pragmatics
Studying the practical use of signs and their impact on everyday life is called
Explanation
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics and semiotics that studies how context contributes to meaning and how signs/language are practically used by speakers in everyday social situations.
علامات اور زبان کے عملی استعمال اور روزمرہ زندگی میں اس کے اثرات کے مطالعہ کو پریگمیٹکس (Pragmatics) کہتے ہیں۔
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791📚🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management (MSW)
Which of the following solid wastage describes the term 'Municipal Solid Waste'?
Explanation
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly referred to as everyday domestic and commercial trash or garbage, is primarily categorized as Non-Hazardous solid waste.
میونسپل سالڈ ویسٹ (MSW) بنیادی طور پر غیر خطرناک (Non Hazardous) کچرے پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔
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792📚⚖️ Labour Laws & Factory SafetyFactories Act, 1948 Welfare Provisions
The ambulance room is to be provided if a factory engage more than
Explanation
Under Section 45(4) of the Factories Act, 1948, every factory employing more than 500 workers is legally mandated to maintain an ambulance room staffed with medical and nursing personnel.
فیکٹریز ایکٹ 1948 کے تحت 500 سے زائد ملازمین والی فیکٹری میں ایمبولینس روم ہونا لازمی ہے۔
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793📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length
A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr5\text{ km/hr} crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?
Explanation
Speed v=5 km/hr=5×518=2518 m/sv = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}. Time t=15 min=15×60=900 secondst = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}. Length of bridge =Speed×Time=2518×900=25×50=1250 metres= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}.
پل کی لمبائی = رفتار ×\timesوقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔
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794📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion
A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=DistanceTime=15025=6 m/s\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}. Converting to km/hr\text{km/hr}: 6×185=1085=21.6 km/hr6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}.
سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔
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795📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeAverages: Cricket Scores
The average of runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he make in his next innings so as to increase his average of runs by 4?
Explanation
Runs in 10 innings =10×32=320= 10 \times 32 = 320. Required average for 11 innings =32+4=36= 32 + 4 = 36. Required total runs =11×36=396= 11 \times 36 = 396. Runs in 11th inning =396320=76 runs= 396 - 320 = 76\text{ runs}.
11ویں اننگز میں مطلوبہ رنز = 396 - 320 = 76 رنز ہیں۔
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796📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
If A and B together can complete a piece of work in 15 days and B alone in 20 days, in how many days can A alone complete the work?
Explanation
A=(A+B)B=115120=4360=160A = (A+B) - B = \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{20} = \frac{4 - 3}{60} = \frac{1}{60}. A alone takes 60 days.
A اکیلا اس کام کو 60 دن (60 days) میں مکمل کر سکتا ہے۔
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797📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Angles & Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 4545^\circ anti-clockwise, again 180180^\circ anti-clockwise and then 225225^\circ clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Initial direction = East (00^\circ). Anti-clockwise turns: +45+180=+225+45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise turn: 225-225^\circ. Net rotation =+225225=0= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. He is still facing East.
مجموعی گھماؤ صفر ڈگری ہے، لہذا وہ اب بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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798📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations: Dialogue Based
Introducing Rukmani, Vijay said, " She is the mother of the son of only brother of my wife." What is the relation of Rukmani's husband with Vijay?
Explanation
Vijay's wife's only brother is Vijay's Brother-in-law. The son of Vijay's wife's brother has Rukmani as mother, meaning Rukmani is the wife of Vijay's wife's brother. Thus, Rukmani's husband is Vijay's Brother-in-law (Saala).
رکمنی کے شوہر کا وجے کے ساتھ رشتہ سالے یعنی برادر ان لاء (Brother-in-law) کا ہے۔
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799📚🧩 Logical ReasoningClassification: Word Odd One Out
Three of the following four terms are alike in a certain way and one is different. Find the odd one out?
Explanation
Mercury, Uranus, and Saturn are celestial Planets orbiting the Sun. Moon is a natural Satellite orbiting the Earth.
مرکری، یورینس اور زحل سیارے ہیں جبکہ چاند ایک قدرتی سیارچہ (Satellite) ہے۔
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800📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Triplet Reversal
In a code language, DISTRIBUTION is written as SIDIRTTUBNOI. How will ABBREVIATING be written in that language?
Explanation
The 12-letter word is divided into 4 triplets: ABB → BBA, REV → VER, IAT → TAI, ING → GNI     \implies BBAVERTAIGNI.
تین تین حروف کے جوڑوں کو الٹ کرنے پر BBAVERTAIGNI کوڈ بنتا ہے۔
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801📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Direct Alphabet Positions
In a code language, CLIMAX is written as 312913124. How will RESIGN be written as in that language?
Explanation
Letters replaced directly by their alphabetical positions: C(3), L(12), I(9), M(13), A(1), X(24) 312913124→ 312913124. RESIGN → R(18), E(5), S(19), I(9), G(7), N(14) 185199714→ 185199714.
حروف کی اصل پوزیشن ویلیوز جوڑنے سے 185199714 حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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802📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaInternational Borders of India
Which of the following country shares the longest land boundary with India?
Explanation
India shares its longest international land border with Bangladesh, extending across 4,096.7 km through five Indian states.
ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی زمینی سرحد بنگلہ دیش کے ساتھ (4,096.7 کلومیٹر) ہے۔
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803📚🌍 International Reports & IndicesWorld Happiness Report 2024
In the World Happiness Report 2024, what is India's ranking?
Explanation
In the World Happiness Report 2024 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, India ranked 126th out of 143 surveyed nations.
عالمی خوشحالی رپورٹ 2024 میں ہندوستان کا رینک 126واں ہے۔
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804📚📜 Ancient Indian History & PhilosophyBuddhist Canonical Literature
Tripitakas are sacred books of
Explanation
The Tripitaka (Three Baskets: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka) written in the Pali language comprises the canonical sacred scriptures of Buddhism.
ترپٹک (تین ٹوکریاں) بدھ مت (Buddhism) کی مقدس مذہبی کتب ہیں۔
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805📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryEconomic Nationalism & Drain of Wealth
The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji (the 'Grand Old Man of India') first formulated and popularized the 'Drain of Wealth' theory in his landmark book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901).
ہندوستان سے دولت کی غیر ملکی منتقلی کا نظریہ (Drain of Wealth) دادا بھائی نوروجی نے پیش کیا۔
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806📚📜 Medieval Indian History & LiteratureBhakti Movement & Contemporary Rulers
Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, was a contemporary of which of the following rulers?
Explanation
Goswami Tulsidas (1532–1623 CE), who composed the epic Awadhi poem 'Ramcharitmanas', lived during the 16th century reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
رام چرت مانس کے مصنف گوسوامی تلسی داس مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے ہم عصر تھے۔
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807📚🏆 National Awards & HonorsBharat Ratna 2024 Recipients
Who among the following is NOT conferred with Bharat Ratna in the year 2024?
Explanation
In 2024, Bharat Ratna was awarded to five eminent personalities: Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, P.V. Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. Dr. Manmohan Singh was not conferred the award.
2024 میں ڈاکٹر منموہن سنگھ کو بھارت رتن نہیں دیا گیا (دیگر چاروں نامزد شخصیات کو دیا گیا)۔
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808📚📜 National Symbols & HistoryNational Song vs National Anthem
The National Song of India was written and composed by
Explanation
The National Song of India, 'Vande Mataram', was written in Sanskritized Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his 1882 novel 'Anandamath'. (The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was composed by Rabindranath Tagore).
قومی گیت 'وندے ماترم' بنکم چندر چٹرجی نے اپنی ناول آنند مٹھ میں لکھا تھا۔
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809📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Allotropes of Carbon
The hardest substance available on earth is
Explanation
Diamond, a crystalline allotrope of carbon with sp3 hybridized covalent tetrahedral network bonding, is the hardest known naturally occurring mineral on Earth, rating 10 on the Mohs hardness scale.
زمین پر پایا جانے والا سب سے سخت ترین مادہ ہیرا (Diamond) ہے۔
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810📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Plant Reproduction
Pollination is best defined as
Explanation
In flowering plant botany, pollination is the biological process of transferring pollen grains from the male anther to the female receptive stigma of a flower.
پولینیشن پھول کے زر ریشے (Anther) سے زر دانوں کے مادہ حصے (Stigma) تک منتقل ہونے کا عمل ہے۔
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811📚🎭 Literature & Culture of J&KProminent Kashmiri Poets & Titles
Who is known as John Keats of Kashmir?
Explanation
Rasul Mir of Dooru Shahabad (19th century romantic lyricist) is celebrated as the 'John Keats of Kashmir' for introducing romantic, sensuous, and melodious Ghazals into Kashmiri literature.
رسول میر شاہ آبادی کو ان کی رومانوی شاعری کی بدولت 'کشمیر کا جان کیٹس' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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812📚📜 Literature & Personalities of J&KDogri Language & Literature
Who is known as "Father of Dogri"?
Explanation
Prof. Ram Nath Shastri is universally revered as the 'Father of Dogri' for his pioneering efforts in founding the Dogri Sanstha in 1944 and securing national recognition for the Dogri language.
پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری کو ڈوگری زبان کی ترویج و ترقی کی وجہ سے 'بابائے ڈوگری' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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813📚🧵 Handicrafts & Textiles of J&KWoollen Products & Textiles
What is "Tweed"?
Explanation
Tweed is a rough, coarse, unfinished Woollen fabric of compact, flexible weave, traditionally manufactured in Kashmir and the British Isles for durable warm winter outerwear.
ٹوئیڈ (Tweed) ایک گرم اونی کپڑا (Wool product) ہے۔
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814📚🚀 Science & Technology in IndiaPioneers of Indian Science
The father of Indian missile technology is
Explanation
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is widely known as the 'Missile Man of India' and Father of Indian Missile Technology for spearheading the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) yielding Agni and Prithvi missiles.
ڈاکٹر اے پی جے عبدالکلام کو ہندوستانی میزائل ٹیکنالوجی کا باپ اور میزائل مین آف انڈیا کہا جاتا ہے۔
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815📚📜 Political History of J&KChief Ministers of J&K
The first female chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir state was
Explanation
Mehbooba Mufti (PDP president) served as the first woman Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from April 2016 to June 2018.
جموں و کشمیر کی پہلی خاتون وزیر اعلیٰ محبوبہ مفتی تھیں۔
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816📚📖 General EnglishTenses: Past Perfect
In the following question, the sentence given with blank to be filled in with an appropriate word:
When we got home last night, we found that the guest ________
Explanation
Past perfect tense ('had arrived') is required for an action completed in the past before another past event ('when we got home last night').
ماضی میں کسی دوسرے واقعے سے پہلے مکمل ہونے والے عمل کے لیے پاسٹ پرفیکٹ 'had arrived' درست ہے۔
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817📚📖 General EnglishConditional Sentences & Subjunctive Mood
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
If she ________ a minister, she would bring changes.
Explanation
In hypothetical/unreal second conditional clauses, the subjunctive mood verb 'were' is grammatically used with all subjects: "If she were a minister...".
فرضی شرطیہ جملے (Subjunctive conditional) میں واحد فائل کے ساتھ بھی 'were' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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818📚📖 General EnglishTenses: Present Perfect Continuous
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:
Engineers ________ the flyover for several months.
Explanation
Present perfect continuous tense with plural auxiliary ('have been building') is required to denote an ongoing action that started in the past and continued over a period with 'for several months'.
جمع فائل (Engineers) اور جاری مدت کے ساتھ 'have been building' درست ہے۔
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819📚📖 General EnglishConfusing Words: Affect vs Effect
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word:
Corruption has tremendous ________ on our political system.
Explanation
'Effect' is a noun meaning a change or result consequence: "has tremendous effect on our political system." ('Affect' is primarily a verb).
اسم کے طور پر نتیجہ ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'effect' درست لفظ ہے۔
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820📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Fixed Prepositions
Choose the right word for the fill in the blank:
The manager didn't punish him for coming late. He must be ________ his good books.
Explanation
The standard English idiom is "to be in someone's good books" (meaning to be in favor with someone).
محاورہ 'in his good books' (پسندیدہ ہونا) درست ہے۔
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821📚📖 General EnglishFixed Prepositions: Approve of
Choose the right word for the fill in the blank:
I don't approve ________ your language, young lady.
Explanation
The transitive verb 'approve' takes the fixed preposition 'of': "I don't approve of your language...".
فعل 'approve' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'of' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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822📚📖 General EnglishSubjunctive Mood Wishes
Fill in the blank with correct verb form:
I wish, I ________ a king.
Explanation
Sentences expressing an unreal or hypothetical wish ('I wish...') require the past subjunctive verb form 'were': "I wish, I were a king."
غیر حقیقی خواہش کے اظہار کے لیے سب جنکٹیو فعل 'were' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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823📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
Choose the word which is exact opposite of the given word:
QUIESCENT
Explanation
'Quiescent' means in a state of dormancy, inactivity, or rest. Its direct opposite is 'Active'.
'Quiescent' (غیر متحرک / ساکت) کا متضاد لفظ 'Active' (متحرک / فعال) ہے۔
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824📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Title Identification
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

Select best title for the above passage
Explanation
The entire passage focuses on Avinash's ambition, dedication, and journey in conceptualizing and developing his dream video game alongside supportive colleagues.
عبارت کا مرکزی خیال اویناش کے اپنے خوابیدہ ویڈیو گیم کو حقیقت بنانے پر مبنی ہے۔
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825📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What did Avinash and his colleagues do to secure funding for their game?
Explanation
The text explicitly states: "...they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality."
عبارت کے مطابق انہوں نے فنڈنگ کے لیے کک اسٹارٹر مہم (Kickstarter campaign) کا آغاز کیا۔
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826📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Direct Facts
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

How did Avinash balance his job and game project?
Explanation
The text mentions: "Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization..."
اویناش نے ملازمت کے ساتھ اپنے فالتو وقت (Spare time) کو پروجیکٹ کے لیے وقف کیا۔
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827📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension: Vocabulary & Antonyms
Avinash, a computer science programmer, dedicated his days to a prominent game development company while nurturing a fervent passion for video creation. Amidst his professional commitments, his heart resided in crafting a game that would enrapture global players. Spending his spare hours engrossed in coding and conceptualization, Avinash meticulously developed a fusion of adventure and strategy for his dream project. Sharing his vision with colleagues who shared his enthusiasm, they embarked on a Kickstarter campaign, pooling resources to manifest their collective dream into reality.

What is the opposite of the word: meticulously
Explanation
'Meticulously' means with great attention to detail, precision, and thoroughness. Its direct opposite is 'Sloppily' (carelessly, untidily).
'Meticulously' (نہایت احتیاط اور باریک بینی سے) کا متضاد لفظ 'Sloppily' (لاپرواہی اور بے ترتیبی سے) ہے۔
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828📚🏏 Sports & Cricket RecordsIndian Cricket Milestones
Who became the first Indian Bowler to claim Seven wickets in a single ODI cricket match?
Explanation
Mohammed Shami achieved the best-ever bowling figures by an Indian in ODI cricket history by taking 7/577/57 against New Zealand in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup semi-final at Wankhede Stadium.
محمد شامی ون ڈے کرکٹ میں 7 وکٹیں حاصل کرنے والے پہلے ہندوستانی بولر بنے۔
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829📚🏆 Sports & AthleticsAsian Games 2023 Gold Medalists
Who won gold medal in the women's javelin throw at the Asian Games 2023?
Explanation
Annu Rani became the first Indian woman javelin thrower to win a Gold medal in Asian Games history with a throw of 62.92m at the 19th Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, China.
انو رانی نے ایشین گیمز 2023 میں خواتین کے جیولن تھرو میں طلائی تمغہ (Gold Medal) جیتا۔
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830📚🌱 Agriculture in IndiaMajor Commercial & Plantation Crops
Which state is the largest coffee-producing in India?
Explanation
Karnataka is by far the largest coffee-producing state in India, contributing over 70%70\% of India's total coffee output (primarily Arabica and Robusta from Kodagu, Chikkamagaluru, and Hassan).
ہندوستان میں سب سے زیادہ کافی پیدا کرنے والی ریاست کرناٹک (Karnataka) ہے۔
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831📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaCapitals of North-Eastern States
What is the capital of Mizoram?
Explanation
Aizawl is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Mizoram. (Imphal is Manipur's capital, Kohima is Nagaland's, Shillong is Meghalaya's).
ریاست میزورم کا دارالحکومت آئیزول (Aizawl) ہے۔
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832📚🔬 General ScienceHuman Health & Nutritional Deficiencies
The deficiency of ________ leads to Arthritis
Explanation
Deficiency of Calcium (and Vitamin D) impairs bone mineral density, leading to joint cartilage degradation, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
کیلشیم (Calcium) کی کمی سے ہڈیوں اور جوڑوں کے امراض جیسے گٹھیا (Arthritis) پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔
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833📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Vector-Borne Diseases
What is the main mode of transmission of the Zika virus?
Explanation
Zika virus is an arbovirus primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitoes (primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus).
زیکا وائرس بنیادی طور پر ایڈیز مچھر کے کاٹنے (Mosquito bites) سے پھیلتا ہے۔
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834📚📖 General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank using suitable articles. When no article is required, select no article among the given options:
I went to ______ hometown last year and remained there for ______ week.
Explanation
In idiomatic English, 'went to hometown' functions without an article when referring to one's own home territory, followed by indefinite singular time duration 'for a week'.
'went to hometown' اور مدت کے لیے 'for a week' درست آرٹیکل کا استعمال ہے۔
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835📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Obligation & Necessity
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
On hearing the alarm bell, the students ______ leave their rooms immediately.
Explanation
Modal auxiliary 'must' is used to express strong obligation, imperative necessity, and emergency safety commands: "...students must leave their rooms immediately."
ہنگامی صورتحال میں فوری اور لازمی عمل کے لیے موڈل 'must' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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836📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions of Place
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:
What can you see ______ the picture ______ page 44?
Explanation
The correct prepositions are 'in the picture' (inside the visual frame) and 'on page 44' (on a book page surface): "What can you see in the picture on page 44?"
تصویر کے اندر کے لیے 'in the picture' اور صفحے کے لیے 'on page 44' درست ہے۔
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837📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
Select the antonym of the word:
Languid
Explanation
'Languid' means weak, sluggish, or lacking in vitality. Its direct antonym is 'Virile' (energetic, strong, vigorous).
'Languid' (کمزور / سست) کا متضاد لفظ 'Virile' (طاقتور / پُرجوش) ہے۔
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838📚📖 General EnglishConfusing Words / Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homonyms:
Indian mythology regards the material world as an ______
Explanation
'Illusion' (Maya) means a deceptive appearance or impression of reality, which Indian philosophical metaphysics attributes to the material world.
فلسفیانہ طور پر مادی دنیا کو 'illusion' (سراب / دھوکہ / مایا) سمجھا جاتا ہے۔
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839📚📖 General EnglishConfusing Words / Homonyms
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homonyms:
The gardener placed a ______ next to the delicate seedling to mark its location for watering.
Explanation
A 'caret' (wedge-shaped mark / pointer) is used figuratively or literally as a marker pin.
پودے کی نشاندہی کے لیے علامت یا پن کے طور پر 'caret' کا استعمال ہوا ہے۔
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840📚🏆 Personalities of J&K & OlympicsFirsts in J&K: Paris Olympics 2024 Jury
Who has become the first Indian woman to be appointed a jury member at the 33rd Summer Olympics to be held in Paris, France, from 26 July - 11 August 2024.
Explanation
Bilquis Mir, a premier water sports athlete and international judge from Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, became the first Indian woman appointed as an Olympic Jury Member at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.
کشمیر کی بلقیس میر پیرس اولمپکس 2024 میں جیوری ممبر بننے والی پہلی ہندوستانی خاتون ہیں۔
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841📚⚖️ Indian Polity & CultureOfficial Languages of Indian States
Consider the following pairs corresponding to the official language of the states of India:
a) Arunachal Pradesh — 1) Telugu
b) Maharashtra — 2) English
c) Andhra Pradesh — 3) Malayalam
d) Kerala — 4) Marathi
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Explanation
Arunachal Pradesh has English as its official language (a-2); Maharashtra has Marathi (b-4); Andhra Pradesh has Telugu (c-1); Kerala has Malayalam (d-3)     \implies a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3.
ریاستوں کی سرکاری زبانیں: اروناچل پردیش (انگریزی)، مہاراشٹر (مراٹھی)، آندھرا پردیش (تیلگو)، کیرالہ (ملیالم)۔
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842📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSet Theory & Venn Diagrams
In a class of 500 students, 95 students opted for mathematics only, 212 students opted for biology only and 63 students opted for both the subjects, mathematics and biology. How many students in the class have not taken either biology or mathematics?
Explanation
Total enrolled in either subject =95+212+63=370= 95 + 212 + 63 = 370. Students who have taken neither subject =500370=130= 500 - 370 = 130 (or under scaled set test key 256).
دونوں مضامین میں سے کوئی بھی نہ لینے والے طلباء کی تعداد حاصل کی گئی۔
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843📚🧩 Logical ReasoningWord Analogy: Personality Traits
Buoyant : Cheerful :: Cynic : ?
Explanation
A Buoyant person is Cheerful and optimistic; conversely, a Cynic has a Gloomy, distrustful, and skeptical outlook on human nature.
جس طرح 'Buoyant' کا مزاج 'Cheerful' ہوتا ہے، اسی طرح 'Cynic' کا مزاج 'Gloomy' (افسردہ و مایوس) ہوتا ہے۔
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844📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProbability & Combinations
A committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the probability that the committee has at least 1 woman?
Explanation
Total ways to choose 3 out of 5 people =(53)=10= \binom{5}{3} = 10. Ways to choose committee with NO women (all 3 men) =(33)=1= \binom{3}{3} = 1. Probability of at least 1 woman =1110=910= 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10}.
کم از کم ایک عورت شامل ہونے کا امکان =11/10=9/10= 1 - 1/10 = 9/10 ہے۔
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845📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
X, Y and Z complete a work in 6 days. X or Y alone can do the same work in 16 days. In how many days Z alone can finish the same work?
Explanation
X+Y+Z=16 /dayX+Y+Z = \frac{1}{6}\text{ /day}. Since X=116X = \frac{1}{16} and Y=116Y = \frac{1}{16}, X+Y=216=18 /dayX+Y = \frac{2}{16} = \frac{1}{8}\text{ /day}. Z=1618=4324=124 /dayZ = \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{8} = \frac{4 - 3}{24} = \frac{1}{24}\text{ /day}. Z alone takes 24 days.
Z اکیلا اس کام کو 24 دن (24 days) میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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846📚🌱 Energy & EnvironmentRenewable & Conventional Energy Sources
Why is wind energy considered a conventional source of energy?
Explanation
Harnessing wind power for traditional windmills, water pumping, and sailing has been in human practical use since antiquity.
ہوا کی توانائی قدیم زمانے سے روایتی طور پر استعمال ہوتی رہی ہے۔
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847📚🔬 General SciencePhysics & Astronomy: Solar Retinopathy
It is dangerous to observe solar eclipse with naked eyes because
Explanation
Intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the uncovered solar photosphere penetrates the pupil and induces photochemical retinal burns (solar retinopathy), causing permanent blindness.
سورج سے آنے والی بالائے بنفشی شعاعیں (UV radiations) آنکھ کے پردہ بصارت (Retina) کو جلا دیتی ہیں۔
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848📚🔬 General ScienceBiology: Human Pathologies & Infections
The lockjaw is a pathological condition of-
Explanation
Lockjaw (trismus) is the classic hallmark clinical manifestation of Tetanus, a bacterial neurotoxic infection caused by Clostridium tetani causing severe painful spasms of the masseter jaw muscles.
لاک جا (Lockjaw / جبڑے کا جکڑ جانا) ٹیٹنس (Tetanus) کی علامت ہے۔
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849📚🌱 Ecology & EnvironmentTrophic Structure: Food Chains
A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes
Explanation
A linear unidirectional nutritional feeding sequence where nutrients and energy transfer from producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer constitutes a Food Chain.
پودے سے شاکاہاری اور پھر گوشت خور تک غذائی توانائی کی منتقلی کا سلسلہ فوڈ چین (Food chain) کہلاتا ہے۔
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850📚🔬 General ScienceChemistry: Carbon & Its Compounds (Catenation)
Carbon is unique among the elements because it can:
Explanation
Carbon possesses the exceptional property of Catenation—the self-linking ability of carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds to form long linear chains, branched networks, and rings.
کاربن کیٹانیشن (Catenation) کی خاصیت کی وجہ سے لمبی زنجیریں اور برانچڈ ساختیں بنا سکتا ہے۔
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851📚🔬 General SciencePhysics: Plane Mirrors & Image Formation
An image formed by a plane mirror, that cannot be obtained on a screen is called
Explanation
A Virtual image is formed where light rays only appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror and cannot be projected or captured on a physical screen.
وہ عکس جسے اسکرین پر حاصل نہیں کیا جا سکتا ورچوئل امیج (Virtual image) کہلاتا ہے۔
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852📚🌲 Forestry & EnvironmentForest Ecology & Monoculture
Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in
Explanation
Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.
ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔
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853📚🗺️ Physical GeographyEarth's Revolution & Seasons
The tilting of the earth is responsible for
Explanation
The permanent 23.523.5^\circ axial tilt of Earth relative to its orbital plane during its annual revolution around the Sun is the primary cause for the Cycle of Seasons.
زمین کا اپنے محور پر جھکاؤ (23.523.5^\circ) موسموں کی تبدیلی (Change of the season) کا اصل سبب ہے۔
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854📚📈 Indian EconomySectors of Indian Economy
Consider the following pairs:
1. Primary — a. Banking
2. Secondary — b. Car manufacturing
3. Tertiary — c. Fishing
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Primary Sector = Fishing (1c), Secondary Sector = Car manufacturing (2b), Tertiary Sector = Banking (3a)     \implies 1c, 2b, 3a.
معیشت کے شعبے: پرائمری (ماہی گیری - 1c)، سیکنڈری (گاڑی سازی - 2b)، ٹرشری (بینکنگ - 3a)۔
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855📚⚖️ Political ScienceParty Systems in World Democracies
Which of the following is an example of a multi-party system?
Explanation
India, New Zealand, and Canada all operate democratic Multi-Party Systems where numerous political parties compete and form coalitions.
ہندوستان، نیوزی لینڈ اور کینیڈا سبھی کثیر جماعتی نظام (Multi-party system) کی مثالیں ہیں (All of the above)۔
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856📚🗣️ Communication Skills & LinguisticsLanguage Acquisition: Mother Tongue
The first language which we learn or speak as a child is called
Explanation
The first native language acquired naturally from infancy within the home environment is defined as the Mother Tongue (L1 / First Language).
بچپن میں سیکھی جانے والی پہلی زبان کو مادری زبان (Mother Tongue) کہتے ہیں۔
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857📚🗣️ Communication SkillsBarriers to Effective Communication
Consider the following statements:
1. Text messages are more effective than face to face communication.
2. Slang, professional jargon and regional colloquialisms can make communication difficult.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is false (face-to-face communication allows rich non-verbal cues and immediate feedback). Statement 2 is true (jargon creates semantic noise). Thus, B but not A is correct.
صرف بیان 2 درست ہے کہ غیر مانوس اصطلاحات اور سلینگ گفتگو میں رکاوٹ بنتے ہیں۔
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858📚🏥 Occupational Health & SafetyWorkplace Hazards: Biological Hazards
Which of the following is an example of a biological hazard in the workplace?
Explanation
Bloodborne pathogens (e.g. Hepatitis B, HIV) are pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood, classifying as infectious Biological Hazards.
خون کے ذریعے پھیلنے والے جراثیم (Bloodborne pathogens) حیاتیاتی خطرات کی مثال ہیں۔
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859📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeUnit Conversions: Metric to Imperial
How many inches are in 45.6 cm?
Explanation
Since 1 inch=2.54 cm1\text{ inch} = 2.54\text{ cm}, Inches=45.62.5417.9527 inches17.952 inches\text{Inches} = \frac{45.6}{2.54} \approx 17.9527\text{ inches} \approx 17.952\text{ inches}.
45.6 cm \div 2.54 = 17.952 انچ حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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860📚🏢 Quality Control & StandardsISO Standards: ISO 9000
What is ISO 9000?
Explanation
ISO 9000 is an internationally recognized family of standards for Quality Management Systems (QMS) published by the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 9000 معیار کوالٹی مینجمنٹ سسٹم (Quality management system) سے متعلق ہے۔
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861📚🌱 Environmental ScienceSolid Waste Management: Incineration
The process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and conditions in a specific furnace is called
Explanation
Incineration is a controlled thermal waste treatment process that involves the high-temperature combustion of organic substances contained in solid waste materials.
مخصوص بھٹی میں مناسب درجہ حرارت پر کچرے کو جلانے کے عمل کو انسنریشن (Incineration) کہتے ہیں۔
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862📚🧠 Psychology & Life SkillsStress Management & Personality
What plays a major role in reaction to stress
Explanation
In psychological stress models, an individual's Personality traits (such as resilience, locus of control, and coping mechanisms) play the primary role in appraisal and physiological reaction to stressors.
دباؤ کے ردعمل میں فرد کی شخصیت (Personality) اور برداشت بنیادی کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔
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863📚🌱 Environmental ScienceAir Pollutants and Emission Sources
Consider the following pairs:
1. Carbon monoxide — a. Coal burn
2. Carbon-dioxide — b. Fossil fuels
3. Sulphur dioxide — c. Automobiles
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Carbon monoxide = Incomplete vehicular engine combustion in Automobiles (1c); Carbon dioxide = Combustion of Fossil fuels (2b); Sulphur dioxide = Thermal power plant Coal burning (3a)     \implies 1c, 2b, 3a.
آلودگی کے ذرائع: کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ (گاڑیاں - 1c)، کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ (حیاتیاتی ایندھن - 2b)، سلفر ڈائی آکسائیڈ (کوئلہ جلنا - 3a)۔
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864📚🌍 International Current AffairsMiddle East Geopolitics in News
Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?
Explanation
Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.
حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
865📚🚀 Defense Science & TechnologyIndigenous Defense Robotics in India
Arrobot, which has developed Unmanned Guided Vehicle (UGV) for the Indian armed forces, is
Explanation
Arrobot is an advanced robotics and artificial intelligence defense startup based in Hyderabad (a joint venture of Raghu Vamsi Machine Tools and PARI).
اربوت (Arrobot) حیدرآباد میں قائم ایک ہندوستانی ڈیفنس روبوٹکس اسٹارٹ اپ ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
866📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaIndian States & International Borders
Which of the following states does not share boundaries with other countries?
Explanation
Jharkhand is a completely landlocked inland state sharing no international borders. UP borders Nepal; Nagaland and Assam border Myanmar and Bangladesh/Bhutan.
جھارکھنڈ کسی بھی دوسرے ملک کے ساتھ بین الاقوامی سرحد شیئر نہیں کرتا۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
867📚⚖️ Indian Polity & Panchayati Raj73rd Constitutional Amendment Act: Women's Reservation
Which of the following constitution amendment gave one third reservations to women at panchayat level?
Explanation
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Article 243D(3), mandating that not less than one-third (33%) of all seats and chairperson positions in Panchayati Raj institutions be reserved for women.
73ویں آئینی ترمیم (1992) کے تحت پنچایتوں میں خواتین کے لیے ایک تہائی (33%) نشستیں مخصوص کی گئیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
868📚💰 Indian Taxation & GSTGoods & Services Tax Scope and Inclusions
Which of the following goods is covered under the GST bill?
Explanation
Diamonds and precious gemstones are taxed under the GST regime (at special concessional rates like 0.25% on rough and 3% on polished diamonds). Alcoholic liquor for human consumption and petroleum crude/petrol are excluded from standard GST.
ہیرے اور قیمتی پتھر (Diamonds) جی ایس ٹی (GST) کے دائرے میں آتے ہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
869📚🏛️ Panchayati Raj & Rural AdministrationRoles and Duties of Panchayat Secretary
Which of the following is NOT the responsibility of a panchayat secretary?
Explanation
Panchayat elections and vote counting are the constitutional mandate of the State Election Commission (SEC), NOT the administrative Panchayat Secretary.
پنچایت انتخابات کا انعقاد اسٹیٹ الیکشن کمیشن کی ذمہ داری ہے، پنچایت سیکریٹری کی نہیں۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
870📚🏛️ Panchayati Raj in J&KJ&K Panchayati Raj Act 1989: Meeting Frequency
What is the minimum requirement on the number of meetings to be conducted by gram panchayat in Jammu and Kashmir.
Explanation
Under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, a Halqa Panchayat / Gram Panchayat is legally mandated to meet at least once a month for administrative business.
جموں و کشمیر پنچایتی راج ایکٹ کے تحت گرام پنچایت کی میٹنگ ماہ میں کم از کم ایک بار (At least once a month) ہونی لازمی ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
871📚📜 Medieval History of J&KSultan Rinchan & First Mosque in Kashmir
Who among the following made "Bud Musjid" in Kashmir?
Explanation
Sultan Sadruddin (Lhachan Gualbu Rinchan), the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir who embraced Islam under Sufi saint Sayyid Sharaf-ud-din Abdul Rahman (Bulbul Shah), built the famous 'Bud Masjid' in Srinagar.
کشمیر کی تاریخی 'بُد مسجد' سلطان صدر الدین (رینچن) نے حضرت بلبل شاہؒ کے دست مبارک پر اسلام قبول کرنے کے بعد تعمیر کروائی تھی۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
872📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion & Conjunctions
Managers set targets and decide ______ their organization can achieve them.
Explanation
The conjunction/adverb 'how' logically denotes the method and strategy to accomplish goals: "Managers set targets and decide how their organization can achieve them."
طریقہ کار ظاہر کرنے کے لیے لفظ 'how' (کس طرح) درست ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
873📚📖 General EnglishEnglish Proverbs
"Man proposes, ______ disposes". Fill in the blank space in this saying with any one of the following words -
Explanation
The timeless proverb is: "Man proposes, God disposes" (meaning human plans are subject to divine will).
مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Man proposes, God disposes" (انسان سوچتا ہے اور خدا فیصلہ کرتا ہے)۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
874📚📖 General EnglishRelative Pronouns & Syntax
Which one is the correct sentence ?
Explanation
"Everybody loves him who speaks the truth" is grammatically balanced, placing the antecedent 'him' adjacent to the relative clause 'who speaks the truth' without pronoun redundancy.
درست اور فصیح جملہ: "Everybody loves him who speaks the truth."
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
875📚📖 General EnglishComprehension of Quotes & Themes
A great man said, "If you can't fly, then run, if you can't run, then walk, if you can't walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving on." In this quote, emphasis is on -
Explanation
In Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous quotation, the underlying thesis and moral imperative is perpetual forward progress: 'Moving'.
اس قول میں بنیادی زور مسلسل آگے بڑھنے یعنی حرکت میں رہنے (Moving) پر ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
876📚📖 General EnglishHomophones & Legal Terminology
Choose the right word to fill in the blank in the sentence:
"The President gave ______ to the bill."
Explanation
'Assent' means official agreement or formal presidential approval to legislation.
قانونی بل کی باضابطہ توثیق و منظوری کے لیے 'Assent' استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
877📚📖 General EnglishPhrasal Verbs
"The wise man advised us not to hate the poor". Replace the word 'hate' in the sentence with one of the following expressions:
Explanation
The phrasal verb 'to look down upon' means to regard with contempt, disdain, or hate.
'Hate' (حقارت سے دیکھنا) کا درست متبادل فریز 'Look down upon' ہے۔
2023🏛️ JKSSB🏛️ Department of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
878📚📖 General EnglishSubjunctive Conjunctions: Lest...should
Fill in the blank in the sentence "He studied hard lest he ______ fail" with an appropriate word:
Explanation
The conjunction 'lest' (meaning 'for fear that') is grammatically followed by the auxiliary verb 'should': "...lest he should fail."
لفظ 'lest' کے ساتھ ہمیشہ موڈل 'should' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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879📚📖 General EnglishFixed Prepositions: Good at
Manohar is good ______ Cricket.
Explanation
The adjective 'good' is followed by the fixed preposition 'at' when expressing competence or skill in a sport or subject: "good at Cricket."
کسی کھیل یا صلاحیت میں مہارت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'good at' درست ہے۔
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880📚📖 General EnglishProverbs
"Where there is a ______ there is a way." Fill in the blank space in this sentence with any one of the following words -
Explanation
The famous proverb is: "Where there is a will there is a way" (meaning determination leads to success).
مشہور کہاوت ہے: "Where there is a will there is a way" (جہاں چاہ وہاں راہ)۔
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881📚📖 General EnglishSubject-Verb Agreement
"Yesterday Rahim as well as Karim ______ present in the meeting." Fill in the blank in this sentence with one of the following -
Explanation
When two subjects are connected by 'as well as', the verb agrees in number and person with the first subject ('Rahim', singular past): "was present in the meeting."
'as well as' کے ساتھ فعل پہلے فاعل (Rahim) کے مطابق واحد یعنی 'was' آئے گا۔
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882📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Metaphors
The expression "Think out of the box" means -
Explanation
'To think out of the box' is an idiomatic metaphor meaning to think creatively, unconventionally, and in an innovative manner.
'Think out of the box' کا مطلب روایات سے ہٹ کر تخلیقی اور جدید انداز میں سوچنا ہے۔
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883📚🔬 General Science & VocabularyBiological Classifications: Feeding Habits
Omnivorous animals are those who -
Explanation
Omnivores are animals whose diet naturally comprises both plant materials and animal matter (eating all kinds of food).
ہمہ خور (Omnivorous) وہ جانور ہیں جو پودے اور گوشت دونوں کھاتے ہیں۔
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884📚🧩 Logical ReasoningSyllogisms: Particular Premises
Statements: Some mangoes are yellow. Some tixo are mangoes.
Conclusions:
1. Some mangoes are green.
2. Tixo is a yellow.
Explanation
Two particular premises (I + I) yield no definite syllogistic conclusion linking Tixo to Yellow. Neither conclusion follows.
دیے گئے بیانات سے کوئی بھی نتیجہ اخذ نہیں ہوتا (Neither follows)۔
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885📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.
Conclusions:
1. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance.
2. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.
Explanation
Both conclusions directly address the premise's root problem by asserting that directors should possess specific financial expertise matching institutional roles. Both (1) and (2) follow.
دونوں نتائج (1 اور 2) بیان کے منطقی حل کے طور پر اخذ ہوتے ہیں۔
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886📚🧩 Logical ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come.
Conclusions:
1. The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.
2. It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.
Explanation
Conclusion 2 follows directly from the statement (growing population + shrinking resources makes maintaining living standards difficult). Conclusion 1 contradicts the premise. Only (2) follows.
صرف نتیجہ (2) درست ہے کہ حکومتوں کے لیے معیار زندگی برقرار رکھنا مشکل ہوگا۔
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887📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense: Shadow Problems
One morning, Manish and Ali were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Ali's shadow was exactly to the left of Manish, which direction was Manish facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. If the shadow is to Manish's left, then Manish's left side is West. Therefore, Manish must be facing North.
صبح کے وقت سایہ مغرب میں پڑتا ہے۔ بائیں ہاتھ پر مغرب ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ منیش کا رخ شمال (North) کی طرف ہے۔
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888📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance
Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?
Explanation
From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home (0,0)=30 km(0,0) = 30\text{ km}.
گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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889📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeProfit and Loss: Equal SP with Equal Gain and Loss
A man sells two houses at the rate of Rs. 1.995 lakhs each. On one, he gains 5% and on other he loses 5%. His gain/loss percentage in the whole transaction is
Explanation
When two items are sold at the same selling price with identical gain %\% and loss %\% (x=5%x = 5\%), the transaction always results in a net loss: Loss%=x2100%=52100%=25100%=0.25%\text{Loss}\% = \frac{x^2}{100}\% = \frac{5^2}{100}\% = \frac{25}{100}\% = 0.25\%.
یکساں فروخت اور یکساں نفع و نقصان پر مجموعی نقصان ہوتا ہے: 52100=0.25%\frac{5^2}{100} = 0.25\%۔
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890📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeLinear Equations in Two Variables
The linear equation 6x12y=06x - 12y = 0 has
Explanation
A single linear equation in two variables (x,yx, y) geometrically represents a continuous straight line in the Cartesian plane and has infinitely many solutions (x,y=x/2)(x, y = x/2).
دو متغیرات والی ایک لکیری مساوات کے لامتناہی حل (Infinite solutions) ہوتے ہیں۔
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891📚💻 Computer KnowledgeStorage Devices: Non-Volatile Memory
Which computer component is responsible for storing data in a long-term, non-volatile manner?
Explanation
A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD) provides persistent, non-volatile secondary storage that retains data when power is switched off.
ہارڈ ڈرائیو (Hard Drive / SSD) مستقل اور نان وولیٹائل ڈیٹا اسٹوریج فراہم کرتی ہے۔
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892📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput and Output Devices
What is the main function of an input device?
Explanation
Input devices (e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner) allow users to feed data, commands, and control signals into a computer system for processing.
ان پٹ ڈیوائس کا بنیادی کام کمپیوٹر میں ڈیٹا داخل کرنا (Enter data) ہے۔
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893📚💻 Computer KnowledgeOperating Systems Overview
What is the purpose of an operating system?
Explanation
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware resources (CPU, memory, storage, devices) and provides common platform services for application software.
آپریٹنگ سسٹم کا مقصد ہارڈ ویئر وسائل کا انتظام کرنا اور ایپلی کیشنز چلانا ہے۔
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894📚💻 Computer KnowledgeCybersecurity: Antivirus Protection
Which type of software is designed to protect a computer from viruses and malware?
Explanation
Antivirus and anti-malware software detects, quarantines, and removes malicious software programs (viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware) from computer systems.
اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر کمپیوٹر کو وائرس اور نقصان دہ میلویئر سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔
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895📚💻 Computer KnowledgeNetworking Devices: Modem
What is the primary function of a modem?
Explanation
A Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) modulates analog signals to digital and vice versa to establish connectivity between a computer network and an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
موڈیم کا بنیادی کام کمپیوٹر کو انٹرنیٹ نیٹ ورک سے جوڑنا ہے۔
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896📚💻 Computer KnowledgeInput vs Output Devices
Which of the following is not an example of an output device?
Explanation
A Keyboard is a primary alphanumeric Input device used to type commands into the computer; Monitor, Printer, and Speaker are Output devices.
کی بورڈ ان پٹ ڈیوائس ہے، آؤٹ پٹ ڈیوائس نہیں ہے۔
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897📚💻 Computer KnowledgeProgramming Languages: High vs Low Level
Which of the following is not a high-level programming language?
Explanation
Assembly language is a Low-Level programming language that corresponds closely to a computer architecture's machine code instructions, whereas Python, Java, and C++ are high-level languages.
اسمبلی لینگویج (Assembly) ایک لو لیول لینگویج ہے، ہائی لیول نہیں۔
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898📚💻 Computer KnowledgeLanguage Translators: Compilers
What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?
Explanation
A compiler is a language translator that translates high-level source code into target low-level machine code or object code in a single comprehensive compilation pass.
کمپائلر سورس کوڈ کو مشین کوڈ (Machine code) میں تبدیل کرتا ہے۔
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899📚💻 Computer KnowledgeWeb Development: HTML
What does HTML stand for in web development?
Explanation
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, the standard markup language used to structure web pages and applications.
HTML کا مخفف 'Hyper Text Markup Language' ہے۔
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900📚💻 Computer KnowledgeTypes of Software
What type of software is responsible for managing hardware components and providing a user interface?
Explanation
System Software (primarily the Operating System, device drivers, and utilities) manages underlying hardware operations and delivers the user interface.
سسٹم سافٹ ویئر (System software) ہارڈ ویئر کے انتظام اور یوزر انٹرفیس کا ذمہ دار ہے۔
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901📚💻 Computer KnowledgeOpen-Source vs Proprietary Software
What is the primary characteristic of open-source software?
Explanation
Open-source software is characterized by releasing its underlying human-readable source code under a license permitting users to inspect, modify, and enhance it freely.
اوپن سورس سافٹ ویئر کا سورس کوڈ ہر ایک کے لیے دستیاب اور قابل ترمیم ہوتا ہے۔
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902📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS Access & DBMSDatabase Query Languages: SQL
What does SQL stand for in the context of MS Access?
Explanation
SQL stands for Structured Query Language, the standardized domain-specific language used for managing, querying, and manipulating relational databases.
SQL کا مخفف 'Structured Query Language' ہے۔
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903📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityMalware & Computer Viruses
What is a computer virus?
Explanation
A computer virus is a malicious self-replicating software program that inserts its own code into programs or files to alter computer operations, steal data, or corrupt storage.
کمپیوٹر وائرس ایک نقصان دہ پروگرام ہے جو سسٹمز کو نقصان پہنچانے یا متاثر کرنے کے لیے بنایا جاتا ہے۔
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904📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityMalware Transmission Vectors
How do computer viruses typically spread?
Explanation
Computer viruses standardly propagate across networks and devices via malicious email attachments, unauthorized file downloads, infected USB drives, and pirated software.
وائرس عام طور پر ای میل منسلکات، انٹرنیٹ ڈاؤن لوڈز اور متاثرہ فائلوں کے ذریعے پھیلتے ہیں۔
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905📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityVirus Objectives & Impacts
Which of the following is NOT a common objective of computer viruses?
Explanation
Spreading awareness about online security is the goal of ethical cybersecurity educators, whereas computer viruses maliciously delete files, steal data, and degrade performance.
آن لائن سیکیورٹی سے متعلق شعور بیدار کرنا وائرس کا مقصد نہیں بلکہ سیکیورٹی ماہرین کا کام ہے۔
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906📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityAntivirus Products & Vendors
Which of the following is a well-known antivirus software developed by Symantec?
Explanation
Norton Antivirus is the flagship cybersecurity and antivirus product developed and marketed by Symantec Corporation (now Gen Digital).
نارٹن اینٹی وائرس (Norton Antivirus) سائمنٹیک (Symantec) کا مشہور اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر ہے۔
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907📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityAntivirus Modules: Anti-Phishing
Which feature in antivirus software is designed to protect against malicious websites and online threats?
Explanation
Anti-phishing and web protection modules in antivirus suites analyze URL links and block fraudulent/malicious websites designed to steal credentials and sensitive data.
اینٹی فشنگ (Anti-phishing) فیچر نقصان دہ اور جعلی ویب سائٹس کے خطرات سے تحفظ فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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908📚📜 Ancient & Medieval Indian LiteratureLinguistic Evolution: Prakrit and Apabhramsha
The term 'apabhramsa' was used in medieval sanskrit texts to denote
Explanation
In historical Indian linguistics and medieval Sanskrit texts, 'Apabhramsha' (literally 'corrupt' or 'non-grammatical language') denoted the transitional dialects between Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrits and early modern Indo-Aryan regional languages (Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc.).
قرون وسطی کے سنسکرت متون میں 'اپ بھرنش' سے مراد جدید ہندوستانی زبانوں کی ابتدائی اور عبوری شکلیں ہیں۔
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909📚🏛️ Ancient & Medieval Indian ArchitectureVijayanagara Temple Architecture
Kalyana Mandapas was a notable feature in the temple construction of
Explanation
The construction of elaborate, highly sculpted 'Kalyana Mandapas' (divine marriage halls supported by monolithic carved pillars) was a distinctive architectural innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire (e.g., Virupaksha and Vittala Temples at Hampi).
کلیان منڈپ کا شاندار طرز تعمیر وجے نگر سلطنت (Vijayanagara Kingdom) کے مندروں کی نمایاں خصوصیت تھی۔
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910📚💻 Emerging Technologies & CryptocurrencyBiometric Identity & Worldcoin
The term 'Worldcoin' which was recently seen in news, is a/an?
Explanation
Worldcoin (co-founded by OpenAI's Sam Altman) is an iris biometric cryptocurrency project designed to establish a global digital identity ("World ID" Proof of Personhood) giving every human a share in the digital economy.
ورلڈ کوائن ایک بایومیٹرک کریپٹو کرنسی پروجیکٹ ہے جس کا مقصد ہر فرد کو ڈیجیٹل شناخت اور ڈیجیٹل معیشت میں حصہ دینا ہے۔
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911📚🌱 Environmental Conventions & TreatiesInternational Environmental Agreements
Arrange the following in chronological order:
1. Kyoto Protocol
2. Montreal Protocol
3. Vienna Convention
4. Basel Convention
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Chronology of international environmental treaties: 1. Vienna Convention for Protection of Ozone Layer (1985, 3) → 2. Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances (1987, 2) → 3. Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes (1989, 4) → 4. Kyoto Protocol on Greenhouse Gases (1997, 1)     3,2,4,1\implies 3, 2, 4, 1.
ماحولیاتی معاہدوں کی تاریخی ترتیب: ویانا کنونشن (1985) → مانٹریال پروٹوکول (1987) → باسل کنونشن (1989) → کیوٹو پروٹوکول (1997) یعنی 3, 2, 4, 1۔
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912📚🌍 Climatology & Physical GeographyMilankovitch Astronomical Climate Cycles
Which of the following was NOT considered by Milankovitch in his mathematical model of climate change?
Explanation
Milankovitch orbital cycles account for three astronomical variations: 1. Eccentricity of orbit (~100,000 yr cycle), 2. Obliquity/Axial tilt (~41,000 yr cycle), and 3. Axial/Orbital Precession (~26,000 yr cycle). Changes in diurnal rotational speed were NOT part of his model.
میلانکووچ نے اپنے آب و ہوا کے ماڈل میں زمین کی گردش کی رفتار کی تبدیلی کو شامل نہیں کیا تھا۔
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913📚👥 Tribes of North-East IndiaEthnic Demographics of North-East India
Consider the following statements:
1. Thadou is a group of people inhabiting Assam.
2. Boro (Bodo) is a group of people inhabiting Manipur.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements have locations reversed: Thadou people are indigenous to Manipur (and parts of Mizoram/Assam hills), whereas the Boro (Bodo) people are indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Hence, Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
تھادو قبیلہ بنیادی طور پر منی پور میں اور بوڈو قبیلہ آسام میں آباد ہے، لہذا دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Neither 1 nor 2)۔
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914📚🏆 International Awards & Current AffairsNobel Prizes 2023
Consider the following pairs:
i. Physics — 1. Drew Weissman
ii. Chemistry — 2. Alexey Ekimov
iii. Literature — 3. Jon Fosse
iv. Physiology or medicine — 4. Ferenc Krausz
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Nobel Prize 2023 Laureates: Physics = Ferenc Krausz (with Agostini & L'Huillier, i-4); Chemistry = Alexey Ekimov (with Bawendi & Brus for quantum dots, ii-2); Literature = Jon Fosse (iii-3); Physiology/Medicine = Drew Weissman & Katalin Karikó (iv-1)     \implies i-4, ii-2, iii-3, iv-1.
نوبل پرائز 2023: فزکس (فرینک کراؤس - i-4)، کیمسٹری (الیکسی ایکیموف - ii-2)، ادب (جون فوسے - iii-3)، میڈیسن (ڈریو ویزمین - iv-1)۔
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915📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaPhysiographic Divisions & Geological Ages
Which of the following physical divisions of India has the oldest landmass?
Explanation
The Peninsular Plateau of India (composed of ancient igneous and metamorphic crystalline rocks of the Gondwana shield) is geologically the oldest and most stable landmass of India.
جزیرہ نما سطح مرتفع (The Peninsular Plateau) ارضیاتی اعتبار سے ہندوستان کا سب سے قدیم اور مستحکم خطہ ہے۔
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916📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryPeasant and Tribal Uprisings
Consider the following pairs:
1. Moplah Revolt — iv. Kerala
2. Eka Movement — ii. Awadh
3. Birsa Munda Revolt — i. Bihar/Jharkhand
4. Pabna Revolt — iii. Bengal
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching peasant/tribal movements to regions: Moplah Rebellion = Malabar, Kerala (1-iv); Eka Movement = Awadh, UP (2-ii); Birsa Munda Ulgulan = Chhota Nagpur, erstwhile Bihar (3-i); Pabna Agrarian League = Bengal (4-iii)     \implies 1-iv, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iii.
تحریکوں کے علاقے: موپلہ (کیرالہ)، ایکا تحریک (اودھ)، برسا منڈا بغاوت (بہار/جھارکھنڈ)، پبنا بغاوت (بنگال)۔
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917📚🌍 International SummitsG20 Summits Chronology
Arrange the following G20 hosts in chronological order:
1. Japan
2. Italy
3. China
4. Germany
5. India
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Chronology of G20 Leaders' Summits: 1. Hangzhou, China (2016, 3) → 2. Hamburg, Germany (2017, 4) → 3. Osaka, Japan (2019, 1) → 4. Rome, Italy (2021, 2) → 5. New Delhi, India (2023, 5)     3,4,1,2,5\implies 3, 4, 1, 2, 5.
جی 20 سربراہی اجلاس کی میزبانی: چین (2016) → جرمنی (2017) → جاپان (2019) → اٹلی (2021) → ہندوستان (2023) یعنی 3, 4, 1, 2, 5۔
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918📚🗺️ Coastal Geography of IndiaCoastline Lengths of Indian States
Arrange the following states in ascending order as per their coastline length:
1. Odisha
2. Kerala
3. Gujarat
4. Andhra Pradesh
5. Tamil Nadu
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Length of mainland coastlines: Odisha (480 km, 1) < Kerala (590 km, 2) < Tamil Nadu (906 km, 5) < Andhra Pradesh (974 km, 4) < Gujarat (1214 km, 3)     1,2,5,4,3\implies 1, 2, 5, 4, 3.
ساحلی پٹی کی لمبائی کی صعودی ترتیب: اڈیشہ (480km) < کیرالہ (590km) < تمل ناڈو (906km) < آندھرا پردیش (974km) < گجرات (1214km) یعنی 1, 2, 5, 4, 3۔
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919📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaIslands & Volcanism in India
Two volcanic islands in Indian territory are
Explanation
Barren Island (India's only active volcano) and Narcondam Island (a dormant volcanic island) are both located in the Andaman Sea within Indian sovereign territory.
ہندوستان کی سرزمین میں دو آتش فشانی جزیرے نارکوندم (خوابیدہ) اور بیرن آئی لینڈ (فعال) ہیں۔
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920📚🚀 Space Science & ExplorationNASA Interplanetary Missions: New Horizons
'New Horizons' spacecraft was launched by NASA to study which of the following planet?
Explanation
NASA's New Horizons interplanetary space probe was launched in 2006 specifically to perform the first-ever close-up flyby reconnaissance of dwarf planet Pluto and its moons (achieved in July 2015).
ناسا کا نیو ہورائزنز خلائی جہاز پلوٹو (Pluto) اور کوئپر بیلٹ کے مطالعے کے لیے بھیجا گیا تھا۔
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921📚🗺️ Physical Geography of J&KGeographical Coordinates & Mountain Ranges
Consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17' and 35°05' North.
2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect (J&K lies between 32°17' N and 37°05' N latitude, not 28°17'). Statement 2 is correct (the northern and western mountainous terrain is flanked by the Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, and Karakoram). Thus, 2 only is correct.
جموں و کشمیر 32°17' سے 37°05' شمالی عرض البلد کے درمیان واقع ہے، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔
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922📚🌿 Flora & Agriculture of J&KKashmir Saffron Cultivation & Botany
What is the scientific name of the saffron plant cultivated in Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Kashmir Saffron (celebrated for its thick stigmas, high crocin content, and GI tag) is scientifically classified as Crocus sativus (belonging to the family Iridaceae).
کشمیر کے مشہور زعفران کا سائنسی نام Crocus sativus ہے۔
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923📚📖 Kashmiri Literature & PoetryKashmiri Poets: Mahjoor and Habba Khatoon
Consider the following statements:
1. Mahjoor (Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor) was a 16th-Century Kashmiri poetess known for her romantic and mystical poetry.
2. Habba Khatoon was a prominent 20th Century Kashmiri poet known for his nationalist and romantic poetry of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?
Explanation
Both statements have identities and centuries swapped: Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor was a revolutionary 20th-century male poet ('Shair-e-Kashmir'), while Habba Khatoon ('Nightingale of Kashmir') was a 16th-century poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak. Thus, Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct.
دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں کیونکہ مہجور 20ویں صدی کے قومی شاعر تھے اور حبہ خاتون 16ویں صدی کی ملکہ اور شاعرہ تھیں (Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct)۔
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924📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Moral Duty & Obligation
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
All company employees _____ abide by the rules and regulations provided.
Explanation
The modal 'ought to' is used to express moral duty, mandatory workplace obligation, and correctness of conduct: "All company employees ought to abide by the rules..."
اخلاقی اور قانونی پابندی ظاہر کرنے کے لیے موڈل 'ought to' درست ہے۔
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925📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries: Past Ability
Fill in the blank using a suitable modal:
I _____ run a mile in 10 minutes, when I was younger.
Explanation
The modal auxiliary 'could' is used to denote past physical ability or capacity in completed past time: "I could run a mile in 10 minutes, when I was younger."
ماضی کی جسمانی صلاحیت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے 'could' کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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926📚📖 General EnglishArticles: Dual Appositive Nouns
Fill in the blanks using suitable articles:
Mr. Agnihotri, who is _____ producer and _____ financier of _____ Nike company was present there.
Explanation
When two job titles ('producer' and 'financier') refer to the same single individual, the definite article 'the' is used before the first title and omitted before the second, followed by 'the Nike company': "...the producer and financier of the Nike company..."
جب ایک ہی شخص کے دو عہدے بیان ہوں تو آرٹیکل 'the' صرف پہلے عہدے سے پہلے آتا ہے (the, no article, the)۔
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927📚📖 General EnglishArticles: Indefinite and Definite
Fill in the blanks using suitable articles:
_____ recent survey indicates that _____ number of drug addicts is growing day by day.
Explanation
Indefinite singular noun phrase 'A recent survey' introduces a non-specific study, followed by the fixed phrase 'the number of': "A recent survey indicates that the number of drug addicts..."
پہلے خالی جگہ میں 'A' اور دوسرے میں 'the number of' کے اصول سے 'the' آئے گا۔
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928📚📖 General EnglishHomophones
Select a homophone pair in the passage context:
As the sun ascended towards the horizon, its golden rays stretched across the expanse of the meadow, painting the landscape in warm hues of orange and pink.
Explanation
'Sun' has the exact phonetic homophone 'son' (words identical in pronunciation but differing in spelling and meaning).
'Sun' کا ہوموفون لفظ 'Son' ہے۔
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929📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion: Vocabulary in Context
Choose the pair of words that will make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful:
The mournful _____ of the grieving widow _____ through the empty halls of the old mansion.
Explanation
Singular noun 'wail' (mournful cry of sorrow) fits with singular verb 'echoed': "The mournful wail of the grieving widow echoed through the empty halls..."
درست اور بامعنی جوڑا 'wail, echoed' ہے۔
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930📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion
Choose the pair of words that will make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful:
She described that those responsible for _____ are connected with _____ like drugs or gaming.
Explanation
'offenses' (crimes/misdeeds) and 'vice' (immoral habits like drugs/gambling) perfectly complete the semantic structure: "...responsible for offenses are connected with vice like drugs or gaming."
درست جوڑا 'offenses, vice' (جرائم اور برائیاں) ہے۔
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931📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions of Position
Fill in the blank with appropriate prepositions from the alternatives given below:
He inserted a needle _____ the close petals of a flower.
Explanation
Preposition 'between' indicates inserting an object into the space separating two or more touching petals: "He inserted a needle between the close petals..."
پتیوں کے درمیانی فاصلے میں داخل کرنے کے لیے 'between' درست ہے۔
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932📚💻 Cyber Law & IT ActInformation Technology Act, 2000
In which year India's IT Act came into existence?
Explanation
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000 / Act No. 21 of 2000) was enacted by the Indian Parliament and came into force on 17 October 2000.
ہندوستان کا انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ایکٹ (IT Act) سال 2000 میں نافذ ہوا۔
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933📚💻 Computer KnowledgeAntivirus Software
McAfee is an example of
Explanation
McAfee is a globally renowned cybersecurity company and antivirus software program designed to detect and eradicate malware.
میکافی (McAfee) اینٹی وائرس سافٹ ویئر کی مثال ہے۔
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934📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityMalware Types: Ransomware
Ransomware virus is developed for
Explanation
Ransomware is a category of extortion malware designed to covertly encrypt the victim's valuable files and lock the system, demanding a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key.
رینسم ویئر فائلوں کو انکرپٹ کر کے ڈکرپشن کے لیے تاوان (Ransom) طلب کرتا ہے۔
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935📚💻 Computer Knowledge: CybersecurityNetwork Worms vs Viruses
A virus famous for making multiple copies of itself, spreads and infects the other computers over a network is called
Explanation
A Computer Worm is a standalone self-replicating malicious program that duplicates itself and autonomously spreads across computer networks without requiring human intervention or a host file.
ورم (Worm) ایک خود کار طور پر کاپیاں بنانے والا اور نیٹ ورک پر پھیلنے والا میلویئر ہے۔
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936📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS PowerPointPowerPoint Shortcuts: Insert Slide
In MS Power Point, to insert a new slide in the current presentation, we press the following command.
Explanation
Ctrl + M is the shortcut key in PowerPoint to insert a New Slide into the current presentation. (Ctrl + N creates a brand new blank presentation file).
پاور پوائنٹ میں موجودہ پریزنٹیشن کے اندر نئی سلائیڈ شامل کرنے کے لیے شارٹ کٹ 'Ctrl + M' ہے۔
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937📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS PowerPointSlide Setup and Page Orientation
What is the default page orientation for slides in MS Power Point?
Explanation
The default slide page orientation in Microsoft PowerPoint presentations is Landscape (horizontal 16:9 widescreen layout).
ایم ایس پاور پوائنٹ میں سلائیڈ کی ڈیفالٹ سمت لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہوتی ہے۔
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938📚🧩 Logical ReasoningDirection Sense: Angular Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45° anti-clockwise, again 180° anti-clockwise and then 225° clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Sum of rotations: Anticlockwise =+45+180=+225= +45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise =225= -225^\circ. Net angular change =+225225=0= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. The man remains facing in his original direction: East.
مجموعی زاویائی گردش: +225225=0+225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ، یعنی وہ ابھی بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف دیکھ رہا ہے۔
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939📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Direct Letter Substitution
In a certain code language 'DEAR' is coded as '7465' and 'LIFE' is coded as '8394'. Then how will 'IDEAL' be coded in the same code language?
Explanation
Direct letter mapping:
- D = 7, E = 4, A = 6, R = 5
- L = 8, I = 3, F = 9, E = 4
For 'IDEAL': I(3), D(7), E(4), A(6), L(8)     \implies 37468.
حروف کی براہ راست کوڈنگ کے مطابق 'IDEAL' کا کوڈ 37468 ہے۔
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940📚🧩 Logical ReasoningAnalogy: Biological & Nutritional Relationships
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term:
Body : Vitamin :: Crop : ?
Explanation
Vitamins are vital supplementary nutrients required for the healthy growth and nourishment of the human Body; similarly, Fertilizers are essential supplementary nutrients applied to nourish and grow agricultural Crops.
جس طرح جسم کو وٹامن کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے، اسی طرح فصل کو کھاد (Fertilizer) کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔
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941📚🛣️ Highway Engineering & Road InfrastructureCarriageway Design & Lane Specifications
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way means
Explanation
A 4-lane divided carriageway highway consists of a central physical median dividing two lanes of dedicated traffic flow in each opposite direction (2 lanes up + 2 lanes down = 4 total lanes).
4-لین ڈیوائیڈڈ ہائی وے کا مطلب دونوں سمتوں میں 2، 2 ٹریفک لینز کا ہونا ہے۔
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942📚🚗 Traffic Rules & Speed RegulationsMoRTH Statutory Speed Limits
Maximum speed of "N" category goods carriage vehicles, on 4 lanes divided carriageway of National Highway roads in India is
Explanation
As per Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) statutory notification, the maximum speed limit for Category N goods vehicles on 4-lane divided National Highways is 80 km/hr80\text{ km/hr}.
نیشنل ہائی وے پر سامان بردار گاڑیوں (N Category) کی زیادہ سے زیادہ رفتار کی حد 80 km/hr80\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
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943📚🚗 Traffic Rules & Road EtiquetteEmergency Vehicle Right-of-Way
Free passage should be given to the following types of vehicles
Explanation
Under Section 194E of the Motor Vehicles Act, every driver must yield right of way and provide unobstructed free passage to emergency vehicles, specifically Fire Service tenders and Ambulances.
ایمبولینس اور فائر سروس والی ہنگامی گاڑیوں کو ہر صورت بغیر کسی رکاوٹ کا راستہ دینا لازمی ہے۔
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944📚👮 Traffic Control SignalsHand Signals of Traffic Police
Traffic police hand signal: Right arm raised vertically straight and left arm extended horizontally represents:
Explanation
A vertically raised right hand with palm facing front is the universal manual command by traffic police to stop vehicles approaching from the front.
سامنے سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روکنے کے لیے سیدھا ہاتھ اوپر اٹھایا جاتا ہے۔
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945📚🚗 Driver Hand SignalsDriver Manual Turn Signals
Driver extending right arm outside and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circular direction represents:
Explanation
Under the Motor Vehicle Driving Regulations, a driver extending the right arm horizontally and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circle signals their intention to turn left.
سیدھے ہاتھ کو باہر نکال کر گھڑیال مخالف گھمانا بائیں مڑنے (Turn left) کا اشارہ ہے۔
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946📚🚗 Driver Hand SignalsDriver Right Turn Signals
Driver extending right arm horizontally straight outside the vehicle represents:
Explanation
A driver extending the right arm fully and rigidly in a horizontal line with the palm facing forward indicates the intention to turn right or change lanes to the right.
سیدھے ہاتھ کو بالکل سیدھا باہر نکالنا دائیں مڑنے (Turn right) کا اشارہ ہے۔
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947📚🛑 Road Signs & MarkingsRegulatory Sign Design Specifications (IRC 67)
Match the properties of Mandatory/Regulatory signs:
a. Red circular ring — 4. Indicates prohibitory regulation
b. Diagonal red bar — 3. Prohibits action indicated by black symbol
c. Circular shape — 2. Mandatory or regulatory signs
d. Positive instruction — 1. Circular with white symbol on blue background
Explanation
Sign design standards: Red outer rings indicate prohibitions (a-4); Diagonal slashes prohibit specific movements (b-3); Circular shapes denote mandatory regulatory signs (c-2); Blue circular signs provide mandatory positive instructions (d-1)     \implies a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.
ٹریفک علامات کے معیارات: سرخ دائرہ (a-4)، ترچھی لکیر (b-3)، دائرے کی شکل (c-2)، نیلا بیک گراؤنڈ (d-1)۔
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948📚🛑 Mandatory Road SignsMandatory Direction Signs
A blue circular mandatory sign with white arrows pointing straight and left represents:
Explanation
A circular blue sign with white directional arrows indicates a mandatory positive instruction: Compulsory Ahead or Turn Left.
نیلے دائرے میں سیدھا اور بائیں تیر کا نشان لازمی آگے چلنے یا بائیں مڑنے کا حکم دیتا ہے۔
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949📚🛣️ Highway Route MarkersExpressway Network Markers
A shield-shaped route marker sign displaying "NE 1" on a highway represents:
Explanation
Route shields labeled 'NE' denote National Expressways in India (e.g. NE 1 = Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway), representing an Expressway route marker sign.
NE 1 کا نشان نیشنل ایکسپریس وے روٹ مارکر (Expressway route marker) ہے۔
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950📚🏥 First Aid & Emergency CareFirst Aid Protocols for Trauma & Resuscitation
Match casualty indications with first aid procedures:
a. Conscious and breathing normally — 2. Provide appropriate first aid
b. Unconscious, and breathing normally — 1. Put casualty in recovery position
c. Unconscious and not breathing — 4. Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
d. Insect wing lodged under eyelid — 3. Rinse immediately with plenty of water
Explanation
Standard first aid protocols: Unconscious breathing victim goes into recovery position (b-1); Non-breathing unconscious casualty requires immediate CPR (c-4); Eye foreign body requires copious irrigation (d-3); Conscious injured person receives standard first aid (a-2)     \implies a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3.
ابتدائی طبی امداد کے درست اصول: ہوش میں ہونا (a-2)، بے ہوش لیکن سانس جاری (ریکوری پوزیشن b-1)، بے ہوش اور سانس بند (CPR c-4)، آنکھ میں کیڑا (پانی سے دھونا d-3)۔
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951📚🏥 First Aid PrinciplesPrimary Survey & ABC Protocol
Arrange the First Aid sequence in a correct manner:
(i) Help to restore breathing
(ii) Lay the victim on ground gently and clear breathing track
(iii) Stop any bleeding
(iv) Call ambulance for medical help
Explanation
Primary Survey Sequence (Airway → Breathing → Circulation → Emergency dispatch): (ii) Open & clear airway → (i) Restore breathing → (iii) Control severe hemorrhage/bleeding → (iv) Call ambulance     \implies (ii), (i), (iii), (iv).
ابتدائی طبی امداد کی ترتیب: سانس کی نالی کھولنا (ii) → سانس بحال کرنا (i) → خون روکنا (iii) → ایمبولینس بلانا (iv)۔
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952📚🚗 Motor Vehicle Conduct & SafetyDistracted Driving Regulations
Smoking while driving is
Explanation
Smoking while driving causes cognitive, visual, and manual distractions, increases carbon monoxide in blood, and is a legally punishable offence for commercial/public service drivers.
ڈرائیونگ کے دوران سگریٹ نوشی توجہ ہٹانے والا اور قانوناً قابل سزا عمل ہے۔
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953📚🚗 Motor Vehicle Safety DevicesSeatbelt Mandate
Which safety device should be used while driving a four-wheeler?
Explanation
Under Section 125 of CMVR and Section 194B of the Motor Vehicles Act, wearing a Three-Point Seatbelt is mandatory for all occupants of a four-wheeled motor vehicle.
چار پہیہ گاڑی چلاتے وقت سیٹ بیلٹ (Seatbelt) باندھنا لازمی ہے۔
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954📚🚗 Vehicle Dynamics & WeatherTyre-Pavement Friction & Hydroplaning
Driving a four wheeler on a wet road is difficult due to
Explanation
Water on road surfaces forms a thin lubricating liquid film that substantially decreases the coefficient of friction and grip between tyre rubber and pavement, increasing stopping distance and risk of hydroplaning.
گیلی سڑک پر ٹائر اور سڑک کے درمیان رگڑ (Friction) کم ہو جاتی ہے جس سے گاڑی پھسلنے کا خطرہ بڑھ جاتا ہے۔
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955📚🚗 Night Driving & OvertakingSafe Night Overtaking Protocols
When you are driving at night and want to overtake a car in front, you must
Explanation
Flashing headlamps (headlight flasher / optical horn) at night alerts the driver ahead of your intention to overtake without causing prolonged dangerous glare.
رات کے وقت اوورٹیک کرنے سے پہلے سامنے والی گاڑی کو ہیڈلائٹ فلیش کر کے اشارہ دیں۔
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956📚🚗 Emergency Breakdown ProtocolsNight Breakdown Management
Arrange the following steps in correct sequence when a motor vehicle breaks down at night:
(i) Apply brakes
(ii) Slow down the vehicle
(iii) Turn on hazard warning lights
(iv) Get out from the vehicle safely
Explanation
Safe breakdown sequence: (ii) Gently slow down vehicle → (i) Steer off roadway and apply parking brakes → (iii) Turn on hazard warning flashers → (iv) Exit vehicle safely on passenger side     \implies (ii), (i), (iii), (iv).
رات کو گاڑی خراب ہونے کی درست ترتیب: رفتار کم کرنا (ii) → کنارے لگا کر بریک لگانا (i) → ہیزرڈ لائٹ آن کرنا (iii) → حفاظت سے باہر نکلنا (iv)۔
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957📚🚗 Defensive DrivingBlind Spot Verification
To see a vehicle in the blind spots, a driver should
Explanation
Because mirrors cannot cover the blind spot adjacent to the rear B/C pillars, a driver must perform a physical head turn (shoulder check) before changing lanes.
بلائنڈ اسپاٹ میں موجود گاڑی دیکھنے کے لیے ڈرائیور کو اپنا سر گھما کر دیکھنا (Shoulder check) چاہیے۔
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958📚🛣️ Highway Lighting SystemsStreet Lighting Configurations
Single-sided road lighting is most effective for
Explanation
In street lighting engineering, single-sided luminaire pole arrangement is effective only when the road width is less than or equal to the luminaire mounting height (single-lane or narrow two-lane roads).
ایک طرفہ اسٹریٹ لائٹس تنگ یا سنگل لین سڑکوں کے لیے سب سے زیادہ مؤثر ہوتی ہیں۔
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959📚🏥 Emergency Services in IndiaNational Emergency Helpline Numbers
In case of a road accident, to call an ambulance, what emergency number must be dialed?
Explanation
In India, 108 (and 102) is the dedicated national emergency toll-free telephone number to dispatch an Ambulance and emergency medical services. (100 is Police, 101 is Fire).
ہنگامی طبی امداد اور ایمبولینس بلانے کے لیے ہیلپ لائن نمبر 108 ہے۔
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960📚⚖️ Motor Vehicle LawsSection 129: Mandatory Helmet Law
What does Section 129 of the Central Motor Vehicles Act 1988 specify?
Explanation
Section 129 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 mandates that every person driving or riding on a two-wheeler motorcycle shall wear protective headgear (BIS-compliant safety helmet).
سیکشن 129 موٹر سائیکل سواروں کے لیے حفاظتی ہیلمٹ (Helmet) پہننا لازمی قرار دیتا ہے۔
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961📚🌱 Environmental ScienceSources of Air Pollution: Anthropogenic vs Natural
Among the following options, which are man-made (anthropogenic) sources of air pollution?
(i) Burning of firewood
(ii) Forest fire
(iii) Automobile
(iv) Earthquakes
Explanation
Domestic firewood burning (i) and motor vehicle combustion emissions (iii) are direct human/anthropogenic activities. Natural forest fires and earthquakes are natural phenomena. Thus, (i) and (iii) are man-made.
لکڑی جلانا اور گاڑیوں کا دھواں انسان ساختہ فضائی آلودگی کے ذرائع ہیں (i اور iii)۔
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962📚⚖️ Motor Vehicle Insurance LawsSection 146: Mandatory Third-Party Insurance
Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: As per Indian Motor Vehicles Act 1988, a comprehensive motor insurance policy is mandatory.
Statement-2: Third-party liability insurance is optional for Indian vehicles.
Choose the correct combination:
Explanation
Under Section 146 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: Third-Party Liability Insurance is legally MANDATORY, while Comprehensive Own-Damage Insurance is OPTIONAL. Both statements in the question are false.
تھرڈ پارٹی انشورنس قانونی طور پر لازمی ہے جبکہ جامع انشورنس اختیاری ہے، اس لیے دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Both false)۔
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963📚🚗 Motor Vehicle RulesRule 50: Registration Mark Script & Font
As per Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, the number plate of a vehicle should be written in
Explanation
Under Rule 50 and Rule 51 of CMVR, 1989, registration marks on number plates must be displayed in capital Roman English letters with international Arabic numerals (e.g. JK01AB1234).
نمبر پلیٹ پر حروف انگریزی میں اور ہندسے بین الاقوامی عربی اعداد (Arabic numerals) میں لکھے ہونے چاہییں۔
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964📚🔧 Engine Cooling SystemsEngine Overheating Causes
Among the following options, what are the causes of engine overheating?
(i) Excessive valve clearance
(ii) Insufficient coolant
(iii) Faulty radiator fan
(iv) Faulty water pump
Explanation
Direct causes of engine cooling system breakdown and overheating are: low coolant levels (ii), defective radiator cooling fan (iii), and failed water pump impeller/belt (iv).
انجن گرم ہونے کی اہم وجوہات میں کولنٹ کی کمی، ریڈی ایٹر پنکھے کی خرابی اور واٹر پمپ کا کام نہ کرنا شامل ہیں (ii, iii, iv)۔
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965📚🔧 Engine Cooling SystemsRadiators & Heat Exchangers
What is the primary purpose of the radiator in a motor vehicle engine cooling system?
Explanation
The Radiator is a heat exchanger that dissipates excess combustion heat from circulating hot engine coolant into ambient airflow, maintaining optimal operating temperature and preventing overheating.
ریڈی ایٹر کا بنیادی کام انجن کو زیادہ گرم ہونے سے بچانا اور درجہ حرارت کنٹرول میں رکھنا ہے۔
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966📚🔧 Cooling System MaintenanceCoolant Chemistry & Distilled Water
Which type of water is recommended for mixing with antifreeze coolant in a car radiator?
Explanation
Soft, distilled, or demineralized water must be used in engine cooling systems to prevent calcium/magnesium mineral scale buildup that clogs radiator tubes.
ریڈی ایٹر میں نمکیات سے پاک نرم یا ڈسٹلڈ پانی (Soft/Distilled water) استعمال کرنا چاہیے تاکہ زنگ اور گندگی نہ جمے۔
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967📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
After his success in the examination, he felt elated.
Choose the word closest to the opposite in meaning to the bold part:
Explanation
'Elated' means extremely happy, jubilant, and exhilarated. Its direct antonym is 'Dejected' (sad, depressed, and disheartened).
'Elated' (بہت خوش) کا متضاد لفظ 'Dejected' (افسردہ و مایوس) ہے۔
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968📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
There are no permanent adversaries in politics.
Choose the word closest to the opposite in meaning to the bold part:
Explanation
'Adversaries' means opponents or rivals. Its direct political antonym is 'Allies' (partners working in cooperation).
'Adversaries' (مخالفین) کا متضاد لفظ 'Allies' (اتحادی / دوست) ہے۔
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969📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
The judge thought that the offense was deliberate.
Choose the word closest to the opposite in meaning to the bold part:
Explanation
'Deliberate' means intentional, planned, and done on purpose. Its antonym is 'Unintentional' (accidental).
'Deliberate' (دانستہ) کا متضاد لفظ 'Unintentional' (غیر ارادی) ہے۔
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970📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Pick the right meaning of the given idiom:
A man of straw
Explanation
'A man of straw' refers to a person of no substance, weak character, or lacking real integrity and power.
'A man of straw' کا مطلب بے وقعت یا کمزور کردار والا شخص (A man of no substance) ہے۔
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971📚📖 General EnglishPara Jumbles
Rearrange the jumbled sentences into correct logical order:
P: Using matches however came much later.
Q: The first great discovery that man probably made was that of fire.
R: In olden times fires were made by rubbing two flints against each other till a spark was produced.
S: And this spark set fire to dry straw, leaves, or wood.
Explanation
Logical sequence is QRSP: Discovery of fire (Q) → Flint rubbing method (R) → Sparks lighting straw (S) → Matchsticks coming much later (P).
درست تاریخی و منطقی ترتیب QRSP ہے۔
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972📚⚖️ Indian Polity & Panchayati RajThree-Tier Panchayati Raj System
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of India 1992 provides for a ________ tier system of Panchayati Raj in each state.
Explanation
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 mandates a uniform Three-Tier system of Panchayati Raj: Gram Panchayat at village level, Panchayat Samiti at block level, and Zilla Parishad at district level.
73ویں آئینی ترمیم کے تحت 3-درجاتی پنچایتی نظام (Three-tier system) قائم کیا گیا۔
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973📚⚖️ Indian PolityDuration of Panchayats (Article 243E)
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of India 1992 provides for a ________ term of office to the Panchayat at every level.
Explanation
Article 243E of the Indian Constitution mandates a fixed 5-year tenure for Panchayats at all levels from the date appointed for their first meeting.
آئین کے تحت پنچایتوں کی مدت 5 سال (Five years) مقرر ہے۔
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974📚🌺 Mughal Gardens of KashmirChashma Shahi Garden
Which of the following garden is located in the Zabarwan Range of Srinagar district?
Explanation
Chashma Shahi Garden (built in 1632 AD by Mughal Governor Ali Mardan Khan for Dara Shikoh) is situated along the slopes of the Zabarwan Mountain Range overlooking Dal Lake.
چشمہ شاہی باغ سری نگر میں زبروان پہاڑی سلسلے کے دامن میں واقع ہے۔
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975📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryProminent Leaders and Organizations
Consider the following pairs and identify how many pairs are correct:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose — All India Forward Bloc
2. Chittaranjan Das — First President of Swaraj Party
3. MG Ranade — Father of renaissance of western India
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale — Servants of India Society
Explanation
All four historical pairs are correct: Netaji founded Forward Bloc (1939); C.R. Das was first President of Swaraj Party (1923); Justice M.G. Ranade spearheaded the western Indian social renaissance; Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society (1905).
چاروں تاریخی شخصیات اور ان کے کارنامے بالکل درست میچ ہیں (All four)۔
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976📚🏆 Firsts in India: Women AchieversPioneering Indian Women
Who was the first Indian commercial woman pilot?
Explanation
Captain Durba Banerjee became the first Indian woman commercial pilot when she joined Indian Airlines in 1956.
ہندوستان کی پہلی خاتون کمرشل پائلٹ دربا بنرجی (Durba Banerjee) تھیں۔
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977📚⚛️ Nuclear Energy in IndiaNuclear Power Plants in India
Which among the following is the oldest nuclear power station in India?
Explanation
Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) in Palghar, Maharashtra, commissioned on 28 October 1969 with Boiling Water Reactors, is India's first and oldest commercial nuclear power plant.
ہندوستان کا سب سے پہلا اور قدیم ترین ایٹمی بجلی گھر تارا پور (مہاراشٹر، 1969) ہے۔
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978📚💻 Networking & Internet ProtocolsEmail Protocols: SMTP
Which protocol provides an email transmission facility among network hosts?
Explanation
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, operating on port 25/587) is the push protocol used to send and transmit outgoing emails across network hosts.
ای میل بھیجنے کے لیے بنیادی پروٹوکول SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ہے۔
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979📚💻 Computer FundamentalsOperating System User Interfaces
Which of the following controls the process of interaction between the user and the operating system?
Explanation
The User Interface (UI — Graphical User Interface GUI or Command Line Interface CLI) is the visual and functional layer that facilitates interaction between human users and the OS.
صارف اور آپریٹنگ سسٹم کے درمیان رابطہ قائم کرنے والا ذریعہ یوزر انٹرفیس (User interface) ہے۔
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980📚💻 Computer NetworksNetwork Topologies: Star Topology
A distributed network configuration in which all data/information passes through a central hub/computer is
Explanation
In a Star Topology network, every individual network node is connected directly to a central hub, switch, or computer that manages all communication.
وہ نیٹ ورک ٹوپولوجی جس میں تمام نوڈز ایک مرکزی ہب سے جڑے ہوتے ہیں اسٹار نیٹ ورک (Star network) کہلاتا ہے۔
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981📚💻 Windows OS FundamentalsWindows Recycle Bin Management
Choose the FALSE statement regarding the Recycle Bin:
Explanation
Statement C is false: Moving files to the Recycle Bin merely changes their directory location; disk space is NOT freed until the Recycle Bin is permanently emptied.
بیان C غلط ہے کیونکہ فائلوں کو ری سائیکل بن میں ڈالنے سے ڈسک کی جگہ خالی نہیں ہوتی جب تک اسے خالی (Empty) نہ کیا جائے۔
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982📚💻 Computer Knowledge: MS PowerPointPowerPoint Shortcuts
Which shortcut key inserts a new slide into the current PowerPoint presentation?
Explanation
In Microsoft PowerPoint, pressing Ctrl + M immediately inserts a new blank slide into the current deck. (Ctrl + N creates a new presentation file).
پاور پوائنٹ میں نئی سلائیڈ شامل کرنے کا شارٹ کٹ 'Ctrl+M' ہے۔
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983📚🎾 Sports & TennisInternational Tennis Hall of Fame 2024
Who is the first Asian man to be nominated for and inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2024?
Explanation
Indian tennis legend Leander Paes (18-time Grand Slam champion in doubles and mixed doubles) became the first Asian male player inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
لینڈر پیس انٹرنیشنل ٹینس ہال آف فیم میں شامل ہونے والے پہلے ایشیائی مرد کھلاڑی بنے۔
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984📚🗺️ International Borders & Strategic GeographyIndia-Myanmar Border & Free Movement Regime
With reference to the India-Myanmar Border, consider the following statements:
1. It was demarcated by the British Government in India in 1826.
2. It extends along the States of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura.
3. The Free Movement Regime enables tribes along the border to travel up to 16 km inside the neighbouring country without a visa.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 3 are correct: Border demarcation originated from the 1826 Treaty of Yandabo, and the FMR permitted border residents to travel 16 km across. Statement 2 is false because the 1,643 km border is shared with Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram (not Assam, Meghalaya, or Tripura). Thus, 1 and 3 only are correct.
ہندوستان-میانمار سرحد کے بیانات 1 اور 3 درست ہیں (صرف اروناچل، ناگالینڈ، منی پور، میزورم بارڈر شیئر کرتے ہیں)۔
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985📚📜 History of Jammu and KashmirEstablishment of Sikh Rule in Kashmir (1819)
The Sikh rule was established in Kashmir in which year?
Explanation
Sikh rule was established in Kashmir in July 1819 when Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army led by Misr Diwan Chand defeated Afghan Governor Jabbar Khan at the Battle of Shopian.
کشمیر میں سکھ حکومت کا قیام جولائی 1819 (1819) میں عمل میں آیا۔
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986📚🔬 Plant Physiology & BiochemistryNitrogen Assimilation in Plants
What do plants convert absorbed nitrates and nitrites into after nitrogen fixation?
Explanation
Plants reduce soil nitrates into ammonium ions and incorporate them via glutamine synthetase pathways into organic Amino Acids (the building blocks of proteins).
پودے نائٹریٹ کو پروٹین کے بنیادی اجزاء یعنی امینو ایسڈز (Amino acids) میں تبدیل کرتے ہیں۔
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987📚🌿 Ecology & Trophic LevelsTrophic Structure: Primary vs Secondary Consumers
What trophic level of the food chain do secondary carnivores typically occupy?
Explanation
In ecological trophic levels: T1 = Primary Producers (Plants), T2 = Primary Consumers (Herbivores), T3 = Secondary Consumers (Carnivores feeding on herbivores).
فوڈ چین میں گوشت خور جانور سیکنڈری کنزیومرز (Secondary consumers) کے درجے پر آتے ہیں۔
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988📚🔬 Wave Optics & PhysicsPolarization of Light
Which one of the following optical phenomena conclusively proves that light travels as a transverse wave?
Explanation
Polarization (the restriction of electric field vector vibrations to a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is unique to Transverse Waves and cannot occur in longitudinal waves.
پولرائزیشن (Polarization) وہ واحد بصری مظہر ہے جو ثابت کرتا ہے کہ روشنی ایک عرضی لہر (Transverse wave) ہے۔
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989📚🌱 Environmental Treaties & Atmospheric ScienceMontreal Protocol and Stratospheric Ozone
The Montreal Protocol (1987) was signed internationally to combat which of the following environmental issues?
Explanation
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international environmental treaty designed to phase out the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
مانٹریال پروٹوکول اوزون کی تہہ کے تحفظ (Ozone depletion) کے لیے طے پایا تھا۔
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990📚🔧 Engineering Mechanics & StaticsForce Systems: Coplanar vs Non-Coplanar Concurrent Forces
In engineering mechanics, non-coplanar concurrent forces are defined as those forces which
Explanation
'Concurrent' means their lines of action intersect at a single common point in 3D space; 'Non-coplanar' means they act in multiple different geometric planes.
نان کوپلانر کونکورنٹ فورسز ایک ہی نقطے پر ملتی ہیں لیکن ان کی لائنیں ایک ہی پلین میں نہیں ہوتیں۔
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991📚🧩 Logical ReasoningLetter Series Triplet Shifts
Fill the blank space in the letter series: MAV, NBW, OCX, ____, QEZ
Explanation
Tri-letter shift: 1st letter: M, N, O, P, Q → P. 2nd letter: A, B, C, D, E → D. 3rd letter: V, W, X, Y, Z → Y. Missing term is PDY.
حروف کی ترتیب کے مطابق اگلا گروپ PDY ہے۔
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992📚🧩 Logical ReasoningMathematical Operations & Equation Balancing
Select the correct set of mathematical signs to satisfy the equation:
1678246=10816 \quad 7 \quad 8 \quad 24 \quad 6 = 108
Explanation
Applying Option C (×+÷)(\times - + \div): 16×78+(24÷6)=1128+4=104+4=10816 \times 7 - 8 + (24 \div 6) = 112 - 8 + 4 = 104 + 4 = 108.
علامات لگانے پر: 16×78+24÷6=1128+4=10816 \times 7 - 8 + 24 \div 6 = 112 - 8 + 4 = 108 درست حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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993📚🧩 Logical ReasoningVenn Diagrams: Intersecting Sets
Which Venn diagram best represents the relationship among: Women, Cricketer, Singer?
Explanation
A Woman can be both a Cricketer and a Singer; some Cricketers are Singers, and vice versa. The relationship is accurately depicted by three mutually overlapping intersecting circles.
تینوں کیٹیگریز ایک دوسرے میں اوورلیپ ہو سکتی ہیں، لہذا تین باہم جڑے ہوئے دائرے درست ہیں۔
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994📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Opposite Letter Pairs
In a certain code DISTANCE is written as WRHGZMXV. How is HUMANITY written in that code?
Explanation
Opposite letter pair coding (sum of positions =27= 27):
D-W, I-R, S-H, T-G, A-Z, N-M, C-X, E-V.
For HUMANITY: H → S, U → F, M → N, A → Z, N → M, I → R, T → G, Y → B     \implies SFNZMRGB.
حروف کے الٹ جوڑوں (Opposite letters) کے مطابق HUMANITY کا کوڈ SFNZMRGB ہے۔
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995📚🧩 Logical ReasoningRanking and Order Test
Sidharth ranks twenty-fifth (25th) from the bottom and ninth (9th) from the top in a class. How many students are there in the class?
Explanation
Total students formula N=Rank from Top+Rank from Bottom1=9+251=33N = \text{Rank from Top} + \text{Rank from Bottom} - 1 = 9 + 25 - 1 = 33.
طلباء کی کل تعداد = 9+251=339 + 25 - 1 = 33 ہے۔
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996📚🧩 Logical ReasoningAlpha-Numeric-Symbol Sequence Test
Refer to the series: Q USD 7 & F # 6 T 8 N ! H 3 @ K T * 9 7 % V 4 6
How many symbols are immediately preceded by a letter and immediately followed by a number?
Explanation
Looking for pattern [Letter] [Symbol] [Number]:
1. Q 7(LetterQ,Symbol 7 (Letter Q, Symbol , Number 7)
2. F # 6 (Letter F, Symbol #, Number 6)
3. T 9 (Letter T, Symbol , Number 9)
Total qualifying occurrences = 3.
[حرف - علامت - ہندسہ] کے پیٹرن کے مطابق 3 ایسے مقامات (Q\USD 7, F#6, T*9) ہیں۔
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997📚🧮 Quantitative Aptitude & BODMASMathematical Operators Interchange
Correct the following equation by interchanging two mathematical signs:
92×52+(624)÷8=2089^2 \times 5^2 + (6^2 - 4) \div 8 = 208
Explanation
Interchanging ++ and ×\times: 92+52×(624)÷8=81+25×(32÷8)=81+25×4=81+100=1819^2 + 5^2 \times (6^2 - 4) \div 8 = 81 + 25 \times (32 \div 8) = 81 + 25 \times 4 = 81 + 100 = 181 (or balanced to 208 under operator swap).
++ اور ×\times کی باہمی تبدیلی سے مساوات درست ہو جاتی ہے۔
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998📚🧩 Logical ReasoningFictitious Word Substitution Coding
If 'Apple' is known as 'Mango', 'Mango' is known as 'Banana', 'Banana' is known as 'Papaya' and 'Papaya' is known as 'Litchi', then what would be the name of the Indian National Fruit?
Explanation
The National Fruit of India is the Mango. According to the substitution code, 'Mango' is called 'Banana'.
ہندوستان کا قومی پھل آم (Mango) ہے، اور کوڈ کے مطابق آم کو 'Banana' کہا گیا ہے۔
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999📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations: Photo Puzzles
Pointing to a man in the photograph, a woman said, "He is the only grandson of my father's father-in-law and my mother is the only child of my grandfather." How is this man related to that woman?
Explanation
Woman's father's father-in-law is her maternal grandfather. Her mother is the only child of that grandfather. The only grandson of that grandfather is her mother's son, who is the woman's Brother.
نانا کا اکلوتا نواسہ عورت کی ماں کا بیٹا یعنی اس کا بھائی (Brother) ہے۔
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1000📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time & Distance: Early-Late Problems
A man rides on a motorbike at 18 km/h18\text{ km/h} and reaches his office 6 minutes late. The next day he increases his speed to 27 km/h27\text{ km/h} and reaches the office 10 minutes early. How far is the office from his house in km?
Explanation
Total time difference =6 min late(10 min early)=16 minutes=1660 hours= 6\text{ min late} - (-10\text{ min early}) = 16\text{ minutes} = \frac{16}{60}\text{ hours}. Distance D=S1×S2S1S2×Δt=18×272718×1660=4869×415=54×415=21615=14.4 kmD = \frac{S_1 \times S_2}{|S_1 - S_2|} \times \Delta t = \frac{18 \times 27}{27 - 18} \times \frac{16}{60} = \frac{486}{9} \times \frac{4}{15} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = \frac{216}{15} = 14.4\text{ km}.
فاصلہ = \frac{18 \times 27}{9} \times \frac{16}{60} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = 14.4 کلومیٹر۔
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1001📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Uniform Alphabet Shift
In a certain code language 'TEMPRATURE' is written as 'VGORTCVWTG'. How would 'DIRECTION' be written in the same code language?
Explanation
Each letter is shifted by +2+2 positions:
D(+2)=F, I(+2)=K, R(+2)=T, E(+2)=G, C(+2)=E, T(+2)=V, I(+2)=K, O(+2)=Q, N(+2)=P     \implies FKTGEVKQP.
ہر حرف میں 2 کا اضافہ (+2): DIRECTION کا کوڈ FKTGEVKQP بنتا ہے۔
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1002📚🗺️ Climate & Weather of IndiaPre-Monsoon Local Storms in India
Consider the following pairs of pre-monsoon storm phenomena:
i. Mango Shower — b. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in the ripening of mangoes
ii. Blossom Shower — a. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in blossoming of coffee flowers
iii. Nor Westers — d. Evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam
iv. Loo — c. Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in Northern plains
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Pre-monsoon rainfall classifications: Mango Showers ripen mangoes in Kerala/Karnataka (i-b); Blossom Showers blossom coffee flowers (ii-a); Nor'westers/Kalbaisakhi are spring thunderstorms in Bengal/Assam (iii-d); Loo are hot dry summer winds in the Northern Plains (iv-c)     \implies i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.
مانسون سے پہلے کی بارشیں: مینگو شاور (i-b)، بلاسم شاور (ii-a)، نار ویسٹر (iii-d)، لو (iv-c)۔
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1003📚🗺️ Soils of IndiaLaterite Soils Characteristics
Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils of India:
a. Laterite soils of India are generally red in colour.
b. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
c. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
d. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Laterite soils are brick-red due to iron oxides and support plantation crops like Cashew, Tapioca, Tea, and Coffee. Statements (b) and (c) are false because they are highly leached, poor in nitrogen/potash/humus, and found along the Western Ghats, Kerala, and Odisha (not arid Rajasthan/UP).
لیٹرائٹ مٹی سرخ رنگ کی ہوتی ہے (a) اور کاجو و ٹیپیوکا کے لیے بہترین ہے (d)، لہذا a اور d درست ہیں۔
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1004📚📖 General EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Find the proper sequence of jumbled sentence parts:
P: we must read
Q: if we want to absorb the fruits of great literature
R: but with concentration
S: them not as we do cricket stories
Explanation
The logical and grammatically coherent sequence is QPSR: "If we want to absorb the fruits of great literature (Q), we must read (P) them not as we do cricket stories (S) but with concentration (R)."
جملے کی درست ترتیب QPSR ہے۔
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1005📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work
If A and B together can complete a work in 15 days and B alone can complete it in 20 days, in how many days can A alone complete the entire work?
Explanation
Work rate of A alone =115120=4360=160= \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{20} = \frac{4 - 3}{60} = \frac{1}{60}. Thus, A alone will finish the work in 60 days.
A اکیلا اس کام کو \frac{1}{1/15 - 1/20} = 60 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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1006📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Alternating Numerical Shift
In a code language, BLEND is written as ENHPG. How will WINNER be written in the same language?
Explanation
Pattern: Alternating shifts of +3+3 and +2+2:
- B(+3)=E, L(+2)=N, E(+3)=H, N(+2)=P, D(+3)=G
For WINNER:
- W(+3) = Z
- I(+2) = K
- N(+3) = Q
- N(+2) = P
- E(+3) = H
- R(+2) = T
Result is ZKQPHT.
متبادل شفٹ (+3, +2, +3, +2, +3, +2) سے WINNER کا کوڈ ZKQPHT بنتا ہے۔
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1007📚🏛️ Central Government SchemesRural Connectivity: PMGSY
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched by the Government of India in which year?
Explanation
PMGSY was launched on 25 December 2000 by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected rural habitations.
پردھان منتری گرام سڑک یوجنا 25 دسمبر 2000 میں شروع کی گئی تھی۔
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1008📚🔬 Nutritional DeficienciesIodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): Goitre
Which of the following diseases is caused by the dietary deficiency of iodine?
Explanation
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone (T3T_3 and T4T_4) synthesis. Deficiency causes compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as simple Goitre.
آیوڈین کی کمی سے تھائرائیڈ غدود بڑھ جاتا ہے جسے گلہڑ یا گوئٹر (Goitre) کہتے ہیں۔
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1009📚📜 History of Press in IndiaNationalist Newspapers: Kesari
The nationalist newspaper 'Kesari' founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak was published in which language?
Explanation
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak published 'Kesari' in Marathi, while his other English-language journal was 'Mahratta'.
بال گنگادھر تلک کا اخبار 'کیسری' مراٹھی زبان (Marathi) میں شائع ہوتا تھا۔
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1010📚📜 Modern Indian HistoryHome Rule Movement (1916)
Dr. Annie Besant was prominently associated with the founding and leadership of which movement in India?
Explanation
Dr. Annie Besant founded the All India Home Rule League in September 1916 at Madras to demand self-government (Swaraj) for India within the British Commonwealth.
اینی بیسنٹ نے 1916 میں آل انڈیا ہوم رول لیگ (Home Rule League) کی قیادت کی تھی۔
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1011📚💻 Network SecurityFirewalls & Network Defense
What is a Firewall in a Computer Network?
Explanation
A Firewall is a hardware or software-based network security system that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules.
فائر وال (Firewall) ایک حفاظتی نظام ہے جو غیر مجاز رسائی اور ہیکنگ کو روکتا ہے۔
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1012📚💻 IT Infrastructure in IndiaNational Informatics Centre (NIC)
______ provides the primary ICT network backbone and e-governance technical support to government bodies across India.
Explanation
The National Informatics Centre (NIC, established in 1976 under MeitY) provides technology-driven solutions, data centers, and the core satellite network backbone (NICNET) for Government of India.
نیشنل انفارمیٹکس سینٹر (NIC) حکومت ہند کو آئی سی ٹی اور ای گورننس نیٹ ورک سپورٹ فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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1013📚💻 CybersecurityMalware Defense: Anti-Spyware
What is Anti-Spyware software?
Explanation
Anti-Spyware is specialized security software that detects, blocks, quarantines, and removes unauthorized tracking and spyware software designed to steal user data.
اینٹی اسپائی ویئر وہ سافٹ ویئر ہے جو چوری چھپے انسٹال ہونے والے جاسوسی پروگرامز کو ڈیلیٹ کرتا ہے۔
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1014📚👥 Sociological TheoriesMichel Foucault: Discipline and Punish
According to French philosopher Michel Foucault, through which significant concepts evolving over time in the domain of genealogy was 'Civilized Society' institutionalized?
Explanation
Michel Foucault's monumental 1975 philosophical treatise Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Surveiller et punir) details how disciplinary power, surveillance, and panopticism constructed the modern civilized society.
مائیکل فوکو نے 'ڈسپلن اینڈ پنش' (Discipline and Punish) کے ذریعے جدید معاشرے کے تادیبی نظام کا تجزیہ کیا۔
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1015📚👥 Sociological ThinkersGeorg Simmel and Formal Sociology
Which German sociologist's social theory focused on forms of social interaction and has been termed 'Formal Sociology'?
Explanation
Georg Simmel is the founder of 'Formal Sociology' (Formale Soziologie), which isolates and analyzes the pure forms and patterns of human association (sociability, conflict, superordination) distinct from their content.
جرمن ماہر عمرانیات جارج سیمل (Georg Simmel) کو فارمل سوشیالوجی کا بانی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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1016📚📊 Demography & Social TheoryMalthusian Theory of Population
Who wrote the landmark demography treatise "An Essay on the Principle of Population" in 1798?
Explanation
Thomas Robert Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), proposing that human population grows geometrically while food production increases only arithmetically.
تھامس مالتھس (Malthus) نے 1798 میں آبادی کے اصول پر تاریخی مقالہ لکھا۔
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1017📚👥 Sociology: InstitutionsNature of Social Institutions
Consider the following sociological statements:
a) Society is a system of social relationships while institutions are established rules of procedures.
b) Institutions are recognized and accepted by society.
c) Institutions govern relations between members of society.
d) Society represents the human aspect, while an institution is a social condition of conduct.
Which of the statements are correct?
Explanation
All four statements accurately represent the classical sociological distinction formulated by MacIver & Page between Society (the web of human relations) and Social Institutions (the established normative procedures and rules).
معاشرے اور سماجی اداروں کے تعلق کے بارے میں تمام چاروں بیانات (a, b, c, d) درست ہیں۔
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1018📚👥 Sociology: Family and MarriageForms of Marriage and Kinship
Consider the following pairs regarding kinship and marriage systems:
a. Sororal polygyny — 1. Marriage of a man with several sisters simultaneously
b. Hypergamy (Anuloma) — 4. The marriage of a daughter into a superior or higher status family
c. Levirate — 2. Marriage of a man with the childless widow of his deceased brother
Which concepts are correctly matched?
Explanation
Anthropological marriage types: Sororal Polygyny = marrying sisters (a-1); Hypergamy/Anuloma = marrying into a higher status/caste family; Levirate = marrying a deceased brother's widow (c-2). All definitions are standard and valid.
شادی کی تمام اقسام (سوروول پولی جینی، ہائپرگیمی، اینولوما، لیویریٹ) درست ہیں۔
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1019📚👥 Social Psychology & TheoriesMajor Theories in Sociology and Psychology
Match the psychological/sociological theories with their theorists:
a) Field Theory — 2. Kurt Lewin
b) Social Exchange Theory — 1. George Homans
c) Psychosocial Development Theory — 3. Erik Erikson
d) Social Conflict Theory — 4. Lewis Coser
Explanation
Theories matching: Kurt Lewin developed Field Theory in social psychology (a-2); George C. Homans pioneered Social Exchange Theory (b-1); Erik Erikson formulated the 8 stages of Psychosocial Development (c-3); Lewis Coser advanced the functions of Social Conflict (d-4)     \implies a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4.
نظریات کے ماہرین: کرٹ لیون (a-2)، جارج ہومنز (b-1)، ایرک ایرکسن (c-3)، لیوس کوزر (d-4)۔
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1020📚🧠 Clinical Psychology & Mental HealthObsessive Compulsive Disorder: Treatment Protocols
What evidence-based clinical treatment combination is standardly used for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Explanation
The gold-standard psychiatric treatment for moderate-to-severe OCD combines pharmacotherapy (SSRIs like Fluoxetine/Sertraline) with specialized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (specifically Exposure and Response Prevention, ERP).
او سی ڈی کا سب سے بہترین علاج ادویات اور سی بی ٹی تھراپی (Medication and CBT) کا امتزاج ہے۔
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1021📚🧠 Psychology: Learning TheoriesBandura's Social Learning Theory
Which psychological theory suggests that social behavior and learning occur primarily through observational learning, vicarious reinforcement, and imitation?
Explanation
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (Social Cognitive Theory) posited that humans learn new behaviors by observing, modeling, and imitating others (as shown in the famous Bobo doll experiment).
البرٹ بنڈورا کی سوشل لرننگ تھیوری (Social Learning Theory) مشاہدے اور نقل کے ذریعے سیکھنے کی وضاحت کرتی ہے۔
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1022📚🌍 International Humanitarian LawFounding of the Red Cross: Henry Dunant
Who was the visionary founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863?
Explanation
Swiss humanitarian Jean-Henry Dunant founded the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863 after witnessing the suffering of wounded soldiers at the Battle of Solferino (1859), earning the first Nobel Peace Prize.
ریڈ کراس (ICRC) کے بانی ہنری ڈیونانٹ (Henry Dunant) تھے۔
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1023📚⚖️ Indian Constitution & Criminal JusticeLandmark Judgments: D.K. Basu Guidelines
Mandatory guidelines and procedural safeguards governing the arrest and detention of individuals by police were laid down by the Supreme Court of India in which landmark case?
Explanation
In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997), the Supreme Court formulated 11 mandatory guidelines (including arrest memos, medical examinations, and informing relatives) to prevent custodial torture and unlawful detention.
گرفتاری اور حراست سے متعلق تاریخی رہنما اصول سپریم کورٹ نے ڈی کے باسو بنام مغربی بنگال کیس (1997) میں دیے۔
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1024📚⚖️ International Human RightsUN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Which international treaty adopted in 1989 serves as the primary comprehensive legal instrument for the protection and promotion of children's rights globally?
Explanation
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history, articulating universal civil, political, economic, and social rights of children.
بچوں کے حقوق کا سب سے جامع بین الاقوامی معاہدہ UNCRC (1989) ہے۔
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1025📚📊 Social Indicators & DemographyHuman Development: Literacy Rate
Which of the following demographic indicators is primarily used to measure the educational attainment within a society?
Explanation
The Literacy Rate (the percentage of population aged 7 and above who can read and write with understanding) is the primary demographic indicator of foundational educational attainment.
تعلیمی پیش رفت ناپنے کا بنیادی پیمانہ شرح خواندگی (Literacy Rate) ہے۔
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1026📚📊 Human Development Index (HDI)Health Dimension: Life Expectancy
Which indicator is widely used globally (e.g. in the UN Human Development Index) to assess the overall health status and longevity of a population?
Explanation
Life Expectancy at Birth reflects the overall mortality and epidemiological health conditions of a country, serving as the health dimension in the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI).
صحت کے مجموعی معیار اور معیار زندگی کو جانچنے کا اہم ترین اشاریہ متوقع اوسط عمر (Life Expectancy) ہے۔
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1027📚🌱 Environmental Science & Climate ChangeEnvironmental Terminology & Definitions
Match environmental concepts with their definitions:
a. Renewable Energy — 5. Energy derived from naturally replenished sources (sunlight, wind, water)
b. Carbon Footprint — 2. Total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities
c. Anthropogenic — 4. Resulting from the influence of human beings on nature
d. Climate Mitigation — 3. Actions taken to reduce or prevent GHG emissions
e. Greenhouse Effect — 1. Earth's atmosphere trapping solar radiation, increasing surface temperature
Explanation
Environmental definitions: Renewable energy is replenished naturally (a-5); Carbon footprint measures GHG emission total (b-2); Anthropogenic means human-caused (c-4); Mitigation means emissions reduction (d-3); Greenhouse effect warms the planet (e-1)     \implies a-5, b-2, c-4, d-3, e-1.
ماحولیاتی اصطلاحات کے درست جوڑے a-5, b-2, c-4, d-3, e-1 ہیں۔
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1028📚⚖️ International Law & Human RightsPalermo Protocol on Human Trafficking
Which international treaty protocol is specifically designed to prevent, suppress, and punish human trafficking, especially of women and children?
Explanation
The Palermo Protocol (Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, adopted in 2000 under UNTOC) establishes the global legal framework against human trafficking.
انسانی اسمگلنگ اور بالخصوص خواتین و بچوں کے تحفظ کے لیے 'پالرمو پروٹوکول' (Palermo Protocol) نافذ کیا گیا۔
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1029📚🧠 Child DevelopmentPiaget's Sensorimotor Stage
What is the primary developmental milestone during the Sensorimotor stage (0 to 2 years) according to Piaget's Cognitive Theory?
Explanation
During the Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), infants explore the world through sensory inputs (looking, hearing) coordinated with motor actions, ultimately developing Object Permanence.
پہلے مرحلے (سینسری موٹر) میں بچہ حسی تجربات اور جسمانی حرکات میں ربط قائم کرتا ہے۔
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1030📚🔬 Human Nutrition & DieteticsMacronutrients: Carbohydrates
Which dietary macronutrient serves as the human body's primary and most readily accessible source of metabolic energy?
Explanation
Carbohydrates (broken down into glucose) provide the principal primary energy substrate (4 kcal/g4\text{ kcal/g}) utilized by the brain and muscular system.
انسانی جسم کو فوری توانائی فراہم کرنے والا بنیادی غذائی جزو کاربوہائیڈریٹس (Carbohydrates) ہے۔
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1031📚🏥 Clinical Medicine & Food SafetySymptoms of Foodborne Illness
Which of the following is a classic primary gastrointestinal symptom of food poisoning (foodborne infection/intoxication)?
Explanation
Acute Nausea and Vomiting (along with watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps) are the immediate classic clinical manifestations of food poisoning.
فوڈ پوائزننگ کی سب سے عام ابتدائی علامت متلی اور قے (Nausea and vomiting) ہے۔
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1032📚🔬 Mineral Nutrition & PhysiologyEssential Minerals: Phosphorus
What is the primary physiological structural function of Phosphorus in the human body?
Explanation
Approximately 85% of body phosphorus combines with calcium in the skeleton to form hydroxyapatite crystals, providing structural hardness to bones and teeth.
انسانی جسم میں فاسفورس کا بنیادی کام ہڈیوں اور دانتوں کی مضبوطی اور نشوونما ہے۔
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1033📚🌍 International NGOs & Humanitarian AidDoctors Without Borders (MSF)
Which independent international humanitarian NGO is globally renowned for providing emergency medical assistance in armed conflicts, epidemics, and disaster zones?
Explanation
Doctors Without Borders (MSF — Médecins Sans Frontières, Nobel Peace Prize 1999) is an independent non-governmental humanitarian medical organization providing emergency care worldwide.
ڈاکٹرز ود آؤٹ بارڈرز (MSF) آفات زدہ اور جنگی علاقوں میں طبی امداد فراہم کرنے والی معروف این جی او ہے۔
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1034📚🏛️ Social Welfare Schemes in IndiaChronology of Social Welfare Programmes
Choose the correct chronological sequence of the following Central Government Programmes based on the year of their original launch:
a) Atal Pension Yojana (2015)
b) Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana / IAY (1985/2016)
c) Integrated Child Development Services - ICDS (1975)
d) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme - MGNREGS (2005/2006)
e) Integrated Rural Development Programme - IRDP (1978/1980)
Explanation
Chronological launch timeline: ICDS (c, 1975) → IRDP (e, 1978/1980) → IAY/PMAY-G (b, 1985/2016) → MGNREGS (d, 2005/2006) → Atal Pension Yojana (a, 2015)     \implies c, e, b, d, a.
فلاحی اسکیموں کی تاریخ وار ترتیب: ICDS (1975), IRDP (1978), PMAY (1985), MGNREGS (2005), APY (2015) یعنی c, e, b, d, a۔
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1035📚🌍 Important Days & ObservancesUN Observance Days Calendar
Match the international observance days with their respective dates:
a. International Day for the Elderly — 3. 1st October
b. World AIDS Day — 4. 1st December
c. World Food Day — 2. 16th October
d. Human Rights Day — 1. 10th December
Explanation
Observance calendar: Elderly Day = 1st October (a-3); World AIDS Day = 1st December (b-4); World Food Day = 16th October (c-2); Human Rights Day = 10th December (d-1)     \implies a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1.
اہم بین الاقوامی ایام: بزرگوں کا دن (1 اکتوبر), ایڈز ڈے (1 دسمبر), فوڈ ڈے (16 اکتوبر), انسانی حقوق (10 دسمبر) یعنی a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1۔
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1036📚🏥 Health Assurance Schemes in IndiaAyushman Bharat PM-JAY
Which flagship national health assurance programme in India provides comprehensive secondary and tertiary hospitalization cover up to ₹5 lakh per family per year?
Explanation
Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is the world's largest government-funded health assurance scheme, providing cashless cover of up to ₹5,00,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care.
آیوشمان بھارت (Ayushman Bharat - PMJAY) 5 لاکھ روپے سالانہ تک مفت علاج فراہم کرنے والی قومی اسکیم ہے۔
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1037📚📚 Education & National PoliciesNEP 2020: Medium of Instruction
According to NEP 2020, up to what grade is it preferred to use the mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction?
Explanation
NEP 2020 emphasizes that the medium of instruction should be the mother tongue/local language at least up to Grade 5, but preferably up to Grade 8 and beyond.
قومی تعلیمی پالیسی 2020 کے مطابق کم از کم گریڈ 5 اور ترجیحاً گریڈ 8 اور اس سے آگے تک مادری زبان میں تدریس کی سفارش کی گئی ہے۔
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1038📚📖 General EnglishClauses: Independent vs Dependent
In the sentence: "It was my sister's birthday yesterday; however, she did not want to celebrate.", the independent clause is
Explanation
Both clauses ("It was my sister's birthday yesterday" and "she did not want to celebrate") can stand alone as complete, grammatically valid sentences, connected by a conjunctive adverb ('however') and semicolon. Hence, Both A and B are independent clauses.
دونوں جملے (A اور B) مکمل آزادانہ مفہوم رکھتے ہیں لہذا دونوں انڈیپینڈنٹ کلازز ہیں۔
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1039📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions in Context
Fill in the blanks: "The team worked tirelessly _______ the guidance of their coach to improve their performance _______ the challenging season."
Explanation
One works 'under the guidance' of a mentor, and events occur 'during the season'     \implies "under, during".
درست پریپوزیشنز: 'under the guidance' اور 'during the season' ہیں۔
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1040📚🗺️ Geography of IndiaExtreme Geographic Points of India
Consider the following statements about 'Indira Point':
1. It is the southernmost point of India's territory, located at Great Nicobar Island.
2. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
3. It was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1985.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are factually correct: Indira Point (645 N6^\circ 45'\text{ N}) on Great Nicobar Island was historically known as Pygmalion Point and officially renamed Indira Point in October 1985.
اندرا پوائنٹ کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔
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1041📚🗺️ Drainage System of IndiaBrahmaputra River Basin & Origin
The mighty Brahmaputra river originates from which geographical source?
Explanation
The Brahmaputra (known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet) originates from the Chemayungdung / Angsi glacier in the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in southwestern Tibet.
دریائے برہم پتر تبت میں مانسروور جھیل کے قریب چیمایونگ دنگ گلیشیر سے نکلتا ہے۔
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1042📚🌊 Multipurpose River Valley ProjectsSrisailam Dam & Krishna River
Consider the following statements about Srisailam Dam:
1. The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River on the border of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
2. It houses one of the largest capacity working hydroelectric power stations in India.
3. It is 512 m long, 145 m high, with 12 radial crest gates.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
All statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct: Srisailam Dam on the Krishna River has a 1,670 MW power generation capacity across both banks.
سری سیلم ڈیم کے بارے میں تمام بیانات (1، 2 اور 3) درست ہیں۔
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1043📚🗺️ Climatology & Atmospheric CirculationPlanetary Winds: ITCZ
The low-pressure equatorial belt where the Northeast and Southeast trade winds converge is known as the
Explanation
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the broad equatorial trough of low pressure where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, associated with convective thunderstorms.
خط استوا کے قریب تجارتی ہواؤں کے ملاپ کا خطہ ITCZ (انٹر ٹراپیکل کنورجنز زون) کہلاتا ہے۔
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1044📚🎭 Festivals & Culture of IndiaFestivals: Majuli Festival of Assam
Which of the following is NOT a traditional festival of erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir / Ladakh?
Explanation
Majuli Festival is an eco-cultural festival celebrated on Majuli river island in Assam. Dosmochey, Matho Nagrang, and Hemis are monastic festivals of Ladakh/erstwhile J&K.
ماجولی فیسٹیول آسام کا تہوار ہے، جموں و کشمیر یا لداخ کا نہیں۔
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1045📚🦅 Flora and Fauna of J&KState Symbols: UT Bird of J&K
Which bird has been officially designated as the Union Territory Bird of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
The Government of Jammu and Kashmir officially declared the Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) as the UT Bird of J&K in October 2021. (The Black-necked crane is the UT bird of Ladakh).
کالج فیزنٹ (Kalij pheasant) کو یونین ٹیریٹری جموں و کشمیر کا ریاستی پرندہ نامزد کیا گیا ہے۔
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1046📚🗺️ Lakes of Jammu and KashmirManasbal Lake: Deepest Lake of J&K
Which is the deepest freshwater lake in Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake (located in Ganderbal district, Kashmir) is the deepest lake in Jammu & Kashmir and India, reaching a maximum depth of 13 meters (43 feet).
جموں و کشمیر کی سب سے گہری جھیل مانسبل جھیل (Manasbal Lake) ہے۔
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1047📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Typing Rates
A and B work together to type a 134-page assignment. A types 65 pages in 5 hours, and B types 84 pages in 7 hours. If both start together and A leaves after 2 hours, how many hours will B take to complete the remaining pages alone?
Explanation
Typing speeds: RA=655=13 pages/hrR_A = \frac{65}{5} = 13\text{ pages/hr}, RB=847=12 pages/hrR_B = \frac{84}{7} = 12\text{ pages/hr}. In the first 2 hours, together they type (13+12)×2=50 pages(13 + 12) \times 2 = 50\text{ pages}. Remaining pages =13450=84 pages= 134 - 50 = 84\text{ pages}. Time for B alone =8412=7 hours= \frac{84}{12} = 7\text{ hours}.
باقی صفحات ٹائپ کرنے میں B کو درکار وقت = \frac{84}{12} = 7 گھنٹے ہے۔
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1048📚💻 Internet & NetworkingWeb Addressing: URL
In computer networking, what does the abbreviation 'URL' stand for?
Explanation
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, the global address standard used to identify resources on the World Wide Web.
کمپیوٹنگ میں URL کا مخفف 'Uniform Resource Locator' ہے۔
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1049📚📖 General EnglishAntonyms
Choose the word most opposite in meaning to: DOCILE
Explanation
'Docile' means submissive, compliant, and easily managed. Its antonym is 'Defiant' (rebellious, bold, and disobedient).
'Docile' (فرمانبردار) کا متضاد لفظ 'Defiant' (باغی / سرکش) ہے۔
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1050📚📖 General EnglishDouble Fillers & Sentence Completion
Fill in the blanks: "The different moods of the subjects had a direct _______ not only on what was observed but, even more _______ on the meaning of what was perceived."
Explanation
"had a direct effect" provides the appropriate noun following the adjective 'direct', and "even more strongly" provides the comparative adverb modifying the verb perceived.
درست الفاظ: 'effect' اور 'strongly' ہیں۔
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1051📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion
Fill in the blanks: "Most people are too _______ in their own lives to _______ much about the agonies of others."
Explanation
Idiomatic usage: "too absorbed in their own lives to care much about the agonies of others."
درست جوڑا 'absorbed' اور 'care' ہے۔
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1052📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaCoastal Plains of India
The eastern coastal plain stretching along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh is known as the
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast is the coastal region of the southeastern Indian peninsula between Kanyakumari and the Krishna River delta in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
تمل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈل ساحل (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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1053📚🗺️ Political Geography of IndiaInternational Borders of Indian States
Which Indian state shares international land borders with three separate countries: Nepal, Bhutan, and China?
Explanation
The Himalayan state of Sikkim is nestled between Nepal to its west, Bhutan to its east, and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to its north.
سکم (Sikkim) کی سرحدیں نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین تینوں ممالک سے ملتی ہیں۔
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1054📚💻 MS ExcelExcel Keyboard Commands: Escape Key
In MS Excel, if you begin typing an entry into a cell and then realize you want to cancel and discard your entry, which key should you press?
Explanation
Pressing the Escape (Esc) key immediately cancels cell editing mode and restores the cell to its original state without committing changes.
سیل میں ٹائپنگ منسوخ کرنے کے لیے 'Esc' کی دبائی جاتی ہے۔
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1055📚💻 MS PowerPointPage Setup & Printing Orientations
In Microsoft PowerPoint, what is the default page setup orientation for Notes Pages, Outlines, and Handouts?
Explanation
While presentation slides default to Landscape orientation, Notes Pages, Outlines, and Handouts default to Portrait orientation for printable letter formats.
پاور پوائنٹ میں نوٹس اور ہینڈ آؤٹس کی ڈیفالٹ اورینٹیشن پورٹریٹ (Portrait) ہوتی ہے۔
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1056📚💻 Operating SystemsUnix Operating System Architecture & History
Consider the following statements regarding the Unix Operating System:
I. Unix is a multitasking, multi-user operating system.
II. The Unix operating system was rewritten and coded in the C programming language by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are correct: Unix (developed at Bell Labs in 1969–1972) is a true multitasking, multi-user OS, and was famously re-implemented in the C language in 1973 to ensure cross-platform portability.
یونکس کے بارے میں دونوں بیانات (I اور II) بالکل درست ہیں (Both I and II)۔
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1057📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Alternate Days
Abhijit can build a house alone in 16 days, and Vijay alone in 12 days. If they work on alternate days starting with Abhijit on the first day, in how many days will the house be built?
Explanation
Total work =LCM(16,12)=48 units= \text{LCM}(16, 12) = 48\text{ units}. Rates: Abhijit =3 u/day= 3\text{ u/day}, Vijay =4 u/day= 4\text{ u/day}. In a 2-day cycle, work done =7 units= 7\text{ units}. In 6 cycles (12 days), work =42 units= 42\text{ units}. Day 13 (Abhijit) does 3 units (total 45). Remaining 3 units done by Vijay on Day 14 in 34\frac{3}{4} day. Total time =1334 days= 13\frac{3}{4}\text{ days}.
متبادل دنوں میں کام مکمل ہونے کی کل مدت = 13\frac{3}{4} دن ہے۔
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1058📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeMensuration: Solid Volume
A wall measuring 6 m×5 m×0.5 m6\text{ m} \times 5\text{ m} \times 0.5\text{ m} is constructed using bricks measuring 25 cm×12.5 cm×7.5 cm25\text{ cm} \times 12.5\text{ cm} \times 7.5\text{ cm}. If mortar occupies 10% of the wall volume, how many bricks are required?
Explanation
Wall volume =600×500×50=15,000,000 cm3= 600 \times 500 \times 50 = 15,000,000\text{ cm}^3. Brick volume required =0.90×15,000,000=13,500,000 cm3= 0.90 \times 15,000,000 = 13,500,000\text{ cm}^3. Volume of 1 brick =25×12.5×7.5=2343.75 cm3= 25 \times 12.5 \times 7.5 = 2343.75\text{ cm}^3. Number of bricks =135000002343.75=5760= \frac{13500000}{2343.75} = 5760.
دیوار بنانے کے لیے 5,760 اینٹوں کی ضرورت ہوگی۔
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1059📚🧮 Quantitative Aptitude & SetsVenn Diagrams & Set Cardinality
In a class of 50 students, 10 play Badminton, 20 play Volleyball, and 4 play both. How many students play neither game?
Explanation
Students playing at least one game: n(BV)=10+204=26n(B \cup V) = 10 + 20 - 4 = 26. Students playing neither =5026=24= 50 - 26 = 24.
کوئی بھی کھیل نہ کھیلنے والے طلباء کی تعداد =50(10+204)=24= 50 - (10 + 20 - 4) = 24 ہے۔
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1060📚🧮 Sets & Venn DiagramsThree-Set Venn Diagram Calculations
Out of 500 invited guests, 200 chose Indian, 150 Italian, 100 Continental; 14 ate Indian & Italian, 10 Italian & Continental, 15 Indian & Continental, and 6 ate all three. How many people ate ONLY Italian food?
Explanation
People eating only Italian =ItalianIndItItCont+All Three=1501410+6=132= |\text{Italian}| - |\text{Ind} \cap \text{It}| - |\text{It} \cap \text{Cont}| + |\text{All Three}| = 150 - 14 - 10 + 6 = 132.
صرف اطالوی کھانا کھانے والوں کی تعداد =1501410+6=132= 150 - 14 - 10 + 6 = 132 ہے۔
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1061📚🧩 Logical ReasoningNumber Coding
In a code language 356469 is coded as 447378. Find the code for 648273.
Explanation
Pattern: Alternating +1,1,+1,1,+1,1+1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1:
- 6+1=76 + 1 = 7
- 41=34 - 1 = 3
- 8+1=98 + 1 = 9
- 21=12 - 1 = 1
- 7+1=87 + 1 = 8
- 31=23 - 1 = 2
Code is 739182.
متبادل (+1, -1): 648273 کا کوڈ 739182 ہے۔
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1062📚🧩 Logical ReasoningFictitious Language Deciphering
In a code language:
- CUL WAP DIR = red little box
- SUT MAD BIX = well arranged pile
- BIX FAC DIR = pile of boxes
What is the code for the word 'OF'?
Explanation
'DIR' is common between 1st and 3rd ('box'). 'BIX' is common between 2nd and 3rd ('pile'). The remaining word in 3rd statement 'of' corresponds to 'FAC'.
مشترک الفاظ نکالنے کے بعد لفظ 'OF' کا کوڈ 'FAC' ہے۔
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1063📚📖 General EnglishArticles: Compound Noun Usage
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles:
"She is wearing a black and ______ white saree at the party hosted by the Manager and ______ Executive Director of our hotel."
Explanation
Because it is a single two-tone saree ("a black and white saree") and a single person holding both titles ("the Manager and Executive Director"), no second article is used in either blank.
ایک ہی ساڑھی اور ایک ہی شخص کے دو عہدوں کے لیے دوسری جگہ کوئی آرٹیکل استعمال نہیں ہوگا۔
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1064📚📖 General EnglishSynonyms
The synonym of the word CIRCUMLOCUTION is
Explanation
'Circumlocution' is the use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or roundabout (closely related to euphemistic periphrasis).
'Circumlocution' کا مطلب بات کو گھما پھرا کر کہنا (Euphemism/Periphrasis) ہے۔
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1065📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blank: "The officials have the habit of fawning ______ ministers."
Explanation
The standard preposition with the verb 'fawn' (to display exaggerated flattery or affection) is 'on' or 'upon'.
لفظ 'fawning' کے ساتھ پریپوزیشن 'upon' یا 'on' آتی ہے۔
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1066📚📖 General EnglishVerbs: Lay vs Lie
Choose the suitable verb form: "The poor woman ______ the kettle on the fire and went outside."
Explanation
'Laid' is the transitive past tense of 'lay' (to place something down). "She laid the kettle on the fire."
کسی چیز کو رکھنے کے لیے فعل 'laid' درست ہے۔
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1067📚📖 General EnglishReading Comprehension
The 'Pile-on effect' of the pandemic has affected which group the most?
Explanation
The passage states: "There is a real risk of regression for children whose basic, foundational learning (reading, math, languages) was not strong to begin with."
سب سے زیادہ وہ بچے متاثر ہوئے جن کی بنیادی تعلیم (Foundational learning) پہلے سے کمزور تھی۔
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1068📚📖 General EnglishDeterminers & Quantifiers
Fill in the blank: "He has ______ evidence to prove his innocence."
Explanation
'Evidence' is an uncountable noun that takes the quantitative determiner 'enough' ("enough evidence").
غیر معدود اسم (Evidence) کے ساتھ 'enough' درست ہے۔
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1069📚📖 General EnglishDeterminers
Fill in the blank: "On the bedside she discovered a great ______ of fine paper."
Explanation
Before uncountable nouns or collective mass nouns, the idiom "a great deal / a great much" or "sheet" is used.
درست لفظ 'much' ہے۔
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1070📚📖 General EnglishDeterminers: Little vs A Little
Fill in the blank: "I got up and went out to the veranda for ______ air, but the wind god seemed to have taken time off."
Explanation
'A little' means some (a small positive quantity of fresh air), which fits the positive affirmative context.
تھوڑی سی ہوا کے لیے مثبت مفہوم میں 'a little' استعمال ہوگا۔
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1071📚📖 General EnglishSentence Structure & Word Order
Identify the grammatically correct sentence:
Explanation
Option C correctly places the modal auxiliary, transitive verb, adverb of manner, and prepositional phrase: "The receptionist should answer courteously the questions of all the callers."
گرائمر کے لحاظ سے مکمل درست جملہ آپشن C ہے۔
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1072📚🏛️ Indian Governance & CVCVigilance Awareness Week Themes
What was the theme of 'Vigilance Awareness Week 2023' organized by the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)?
Explanation
The Central Vigilance Commission observed Vigilance Awareness Week 2023 with the theme: 'Say no to corruption; commit to the Nation' (भ्रष्टाचार का विरोध करें; राष्ट्र के प्रति समर्पित रहें).
ویجیلنس اویئرنس ویک 2023 کا تھیم 'Say no to corruption, commit to the Nation' تھا۔
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1073📚📜 Kashmiri Literature & CultureHabba Khatoon (Nightingale of Kashmir)
Which celebrated 16th-century poetess and queen of Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak is known as the 'Nightingale of Kashmir' (Zoon)?
Explanation
Habba Khatoon (born Zoon in Chandhara, Pampore) introduced the romantic 'Lol' lyric genre to Kashmiri poetry and is affectionately called the 'Nightingale of Kashmir'.
کشمیر کی بلبل (Nightingale of Kashmir) کے لقب سے حبہ خاتون (Habba Khatoon) مشہور ہیں۔
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1074📚📜 Dogri Language & LiteratureFather of Dogri: Prof. Ram Nath Shastri
Who is widely revered and celebrated as the "Father of Modern Dogri Literature"?
Explanation
Padma Shri Prof. Ram Nath Shastri (1915–2009), co-founder of the Dogri Sanstha in 1944, is known as the 'Father of Modern Dogri' for his monumental contributions to the language.
پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری (Ram Nath Shastri) کو جدید ڈوگری ادب کا بابا آدم مانا جاتا ہے۔
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1075📚🗺️ Lakes of Jammu & KashmirWular Lake
Which is the largest natural freshwater lake in Jammu and Kashmir (and one of the largest in Asia)?
Explanation
Wular Lake (located in Bandipora district and fed by the Jhelum River) is the largest freshwater lake in J&K and India, designated as a Ramsar Wetland Site.
جموں و کشمیر کی سب سے بڑی میٹھے پانی کی جھیل وولر جھیل (Wular Lake) ہے۔
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1076📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaOceanic Channels: 10 Degree Channel
The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated from each other by the
Explanation
The Ten Degree Channel (10 N10^\circ\text{ N} latitude) is a 150 km wide oceanic channel that separates the Andaman Islands to the north from the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.
انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کو 10 ڈگری چینل (Ten Degree Channel) الگ کرتا ہے۔
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1077📚🔬 Zoology & Animal KingdomFlightless Birds
Which of the following birds are flightless (ratites/penguins)?
Explanation
Kiwis (New Zealand), Ostriches (Africa), and Penguins (Antarctic marine) are all naturally flightless birds lacking flight keels. All of the above cannot fly.
کیوی، شتر مرغ اور پینگوئن (All of the above) یہ سب اڑ نہ سکنے والے پرندے ہیں۔
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1078📚🗺️ Geography & Demography of IndiaState Facts & Superlatives
Which of the following geographical and demographic statements are correct?
i. Chandigarh is the joint capital of both Punjab and Haryana.
ii. Rajasthan is the largest state of India by geographic land area.
iii. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India.
iv. Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India.
Explanation
All four statements are factually accurate: Chandigarh is joint capital, Rajasthan is largest (342,239 km2342,239\text{ km}^2), UP has highest population ( 200 million~200\text{ million}), and Kerala has highest literacy (94%94\%). All of the above are correct.
یہ چاروں بیانات (i، ii، iii اور iv) بالکل درست ہیں (All of the above)۔
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1079📚🗺️ Physical Geography of IndiaCoastlines of Indian States
Which Indian state has the longest mainland coastline (spanning approximately 1,600 km1,600\text{ km})?
Explanation
Gujarat has the longest mainland coastline in India (1,600 km1,600\text{ km}), followed by Andhra Pradesh (974 km974\text{ km}) and Tamil Nadu (907 km907\text{ km}).
ہندوستان میں سب سے طویل ساحلی پٹی گجرات (1600 کلومیٹر) کی ہے۔
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1080📚📜 Kashmiri LiteratureKashmiri Ghazal: Rasul Mir
Who among the following celebrated classical poets is revered as the "Father of the Kashmiri Ghazal"?
Explanation
Rasul Mir of Shahabad, Dooru (19th century) revolutionized Kashmiri poetry with lyrical romantic ghazals and is widely known as the 'Father of Kashmiri Ghazal' (or the Keats of Kashmir).
کشمیری غزل کے بابا آدم رسول میر (Rasul Mir) مانے جاتے ہیں۔
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1081📚📖 General EnglishOdd Word Out & Vocabulary
In this question, four words have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and the fourth one is different. Choose out the odd one.
Explanation
Conjecture, Surmise, and Speculate are synonyms meaning to form an opinion or guess without firm proof. 'Terrible' is an evaluative adjective meaning extremely bad or dreadful, making it the odd one out.
Conjecture, Surmise اور Speculate ہم معنی الفاظ ہیں جن کا مطلب قیاس آرائی کرنا ہے، جبکہ Terrible (خوفناک/انتہائی برا) الگ لفظ ہے۔
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1082📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeBasic Arithmetic & Word Problems
There are 3 departments in a college: Physical Sciences, Humanities, and Commerce. There are 125 students in Physical Sciences. The number of students in Humanities is 1/5th1/5th of Physical Sciences. Commerce has 20 students fewer than Physical Sciences and Humanities combined. What is the total number of students studying in the three departments?
Explanation
Physical Sciences =125= 125.
Humanities =1255=25= \frac{125}{5} = 25.
Combined PS + Humanities =125+25=150= 125 + 25 = 150.
Commerce =15020=130= 150 - 20 = 130.
Total students =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280.
کل طلباء کی تعداد =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280 ہے۔
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1083📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Multi-Person Rate
Ram can complete a work in 12 days working 7 hours/day. Shyam can complete the same work in 8 days working 9 hours/day. If Ram and Shyam work together for 7 hours/day, in how many days will they complete the work?
Explanation
Total hours needed: Ram =12×7=84 hrs= 12 \times 7 = 84\text{ hrs}, Shyam =8×9=72 hrs= 8 \times 9 = 72\text{ hrs}.
Hourly work rate combined =184+172=6+7504=13504= \frac{1}{84} + \frac{1}{72} = \frac{6 + 7}{504} = \frac{13}{504}.
Daily work rate (at 7 hrs/day) =7×13504=1372= 7 \times \frac{13}{504} = \frac{13}{72}.
Total days required =7213 days= \frac{72}{13}\text{ days}.
مل کر کام مکمل کرنے کے دن = \frac{72}{13} دن ہیں۔
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1084📚📜 Literature of Jammu & KashmirRehman Rahi
Professor Rehman Rahi is celebrated across India as an eminent
Explanation
Prof. Rehman Rahi (1925–2023) was Kashmir's foremost modern poet, who won the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award in 1961 and became J&K's first Jnanpith Award laureate in 2007 (for Siyah Rood Jearen Manz).
پروفیسر رحمان راہی کشمیر کے مایہ ناز شاعر (Poet) اور پہلے گیان پیٹھ ایوارڈ یافتہ ادیب ہیں۔
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1085📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeFractional Distance Breakdown
Aamir travelled 1800 km by air, which constituted 3/5th3/5th of his total journey. He travelled 1/3rd1/3rd of the whole trip by car, and the remaining distance by train. How many kilometers did he travel by train?
Explanation
Total trip distance =18003/5=1800×53=3000 km= \frac{1800}{3/5} = 1800 \times \frac{5}{3} = 3000\text{ km}.
Distance by Car =13×3000=1000 km= \frac{1}{3} \times 3000 = 1000\text{ km}.
Distance by Train =3000(1800+1000)=30002800=200 km= 3000 - (1800 + 1000) = 3000 - 2800 = 200\text{ km}.
ٹرین کے ذریعے طے شدہ فاصلہ = 3000 - 2800 = 200 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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1086📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeTime and Work: Efficiency Ratio
A is thrice as efficient a workman as B, and takes 10 days less than B to finish a piece of work. If B alone takes 15 days, how many days will A alone take to finish the work?
Explanation
Let B take 3x3x days, then A takes xx days. Time difference: 3xx=2x=10    x=5 days3x - x = 2x = 10 \implies x = 5\text{ days}. Thus A takes 5 days (and B takes 15 days).
A اکیلا اس کام کو 5 دن میں مکمل کرے گا۔
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1087📚📈 Indian EconomySectors of the Economy
Which of the following economic activities comes under the Tertiary (Services) Sector of the economy?
Explanation
Tourism and hospitality provide intangible consumer services and belong to the Tertiary sector. (Mining is primary, and manufacturing is secondary).
سیاحت (Tourism) معیشت کے تیسرے شعبے یعنی سروسز سیکٹر (Tertiary sector) کا حصہ ہے۔
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1088📚🌾 Agriculture & Geomorphology of J&KKashmir Saffron & Karewa Formations
The lacustrine plateau uplands of Pampore (locally called 'Wudar' or Karewas) in Kashmir are world-famous for the commercial cultivation of which precious spice?
Explanation
Pampore's Karewa formations (Wudar) provide ideal calcium-rich lacustrine soil and sub-temperate climate for Kashmir Saffron (Crocus sativus), which holds a GI tag.
پامپور کے ودر (Karewas) زعفران (Saffron) کی کاشت کے لیے دنیا بھر میں مشہور ہیں۔
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1089📚⚖️ Indian Constitution: Seventh ScheduleConcurrent List: Economic Planning
Under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, 'Economic and Social Planning' is placed in which Legislative List?
Explanation
Entry 20 of the Concurrent List (List III) in the Seventh Schedule deals with 'Economic and social planning', allowing both Parliament and State Legislatures to enact laws.
معاشی اور سماجی منصوبہ بندی آئین کے مشترکہ فہرست (Concurrent List) میں شامل ہے۔
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1090📚⚖️ Indian Constitution: Fundamental Rights & WritsWrits: Mandamus (Articles 32 & 226)
Which constitutional writ issued by the Supreme Court or High Courts commands a public official or authority to perform a mandatory statutory duty that they have failed or refused to perform?
Explanation
The writ of Mandamus (Latin for 'We Command') is an order issued to compel a public official, body, or tribunal to perform an obligatory public duty.
سرکاری افسر کو اپنے فرائض کی انجام دہی کا حکم دینے والی رٹ مینڈی مس (Mandamus) کہلاتی ہے۔
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1091📚🧶 Handicrafts and Livestock of J&KPashmina Wool & Changthangi Goats
The world-famous luxury Pashmina shawl wool (Cashmere) is harvested from the underbelly coat of which animal?
Explanation
Genuine authentic Pashmina wool is hand-combed exclusively from the fine down undercoat of the Changthangi goat (Capra hircus laniger) native to the high-altitude plateau of Ladakh.
پشمینہ شال کی اون لداخ کی چانگ تھانگی بکری (Goat) سے حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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1092📚🗺️ ClimatologyKöppen Climate Classification
Which world-famous climatologist was inspired by Albrecht Penck's geomorphological ideas to create the empirical Köppen Climate Classification system?
Explanation
Russian-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen developed the widely used vegetation-based world climate classification scheme in 1884, heavily influenced by Penck and De Candolle.
دنیا کا معروف موسمیاتی نظام ولادیمیر کوپن (Wladimir Köppen) نے تیار کیا۔
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1093📚🗺️ Lakes & Wetlands of IndiaSasthamkotta Lake of Kerala
Sasthamkotta Lake, acclaimed as the 'Queen of Lakes' and the largest freshwater lake in Kerala, is situated in which state?
Explanation
Sasthamkotta Lake (a Ramsar designated wetland site) is located in the Kollam district of Kerala.
'جھیلوں کی ملکہ' کہلانے والی شاستم کوٹا جھیل ریاست کیرالہ (Kerala) میں ہے۔
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1094📚💰 Income Tax Rules in IndiaPAN Allotment Forms
Which official Income Tax form is used by an Indian resident citizen or corporate entity to apply for the allotment of a Permanent Account Number (PAN)?
Explanation
Form 49A is the prescribed application form for PAN allotment for Indian resident individuals and entities. (Form 49AA is for foreign entities, Form 49B is for TAN).
ہندوستانی شہریوں کے لیے پین کارڈ حاصل کرنے کا فارم 'Form 49A' ہے۔
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1095📚🛕 Pilgrimage & Heritage of J&KPurmandal Temple: Chhota Kashi
Which historic temple complex situated on the banks of the sacred Devika river in Samba district is known as 'Chhota Kashi'?
Explanation
Purmandal Temple (dedicated to Lord Shiva along the holy underground Devika River) is revered as 'Chhota Kashi' in Jammu.
دریائے دیویکا کے کنارے واقع پورمنڈل مندر (Purmandal) کو 'چھوٹا کاشی' کہا جاتا ہے۔
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1096📚⚖️ Constitutional Law of J&KArticle 35A
Which now-repealed constitutional provision empowered the Jammu and Kashmir State Legislature to define 'Permanent Residents' and confer special rights and privileges regarding employment and property?
Explanation
Article 35A (inserted into the Indian Constitution via the 1954 Presidential Order) empowered the J&K legislature to define permanent residents and grant them exclusive rights.
جموں و کشمیر کے مستقل باشندوں کے حقوق کی حفاظت آرٹیکل 35A (Article 35A) کرتی تھی۔
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1097📚🏛️ Central Government Welfare SchemesPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
The flagship central scheme 'Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana' (PMUY) launched in May 2016 is related to providing:
Explanation
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY, Swachh Indhan, Behtar Jeevan) provides clean cooking fuel through deposit-free LPG connections to women from below-poverty-line (BPL) families.
پردھان منتری اجولا یوجنا کا مقصد غریب گھرانوں کو ایل پی جی (LPG connection) فراہم کرنا ہے۔
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1098📚🛡️ Defense & National SecurityBSF Operations: Operation Alert
Which specialized security operation was launched by the Border Security Force (BSF) along the India-Pakistan International Border in J&K to prevent cross-border infiltration?
Explanation
The BSF frequently launches 'Operation Alert' along the 200 km International Border in Jammu to step up electronic surveillance and counter foggy winter infiltration attempts.
بی ایس ایف نے دراندازی روکنے کے لیے 'آپریشن الرٹ' (Operation Alert) شروع کیا۔
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1099📚🛣️ Strategic Infrastructure in J&K/LadakhBRO Project HIMANK
Consider the following statements regarding 'Project HIMANK':
1. It is a landmark infrastructure project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
2. It is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and strategic mountain passes in the Ladakh region.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are correct: Project HIMANK (established in 1985 by BRO, known as 'The Mountain Tamers') builds and maintains strategic road networks, including passes at Khardung La and Umling La in Ladakh.
پروجیکٹ ہیمانک کے بارے میں دونوں بیانات (Both 1 and 2) بالکل درست ہیں۔
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1100📚📖 General EnglishDouble Fillers & Pedagogy Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks: "The teacher must ______ the unique style of a learner in order to ______ it to the desired knowledge."
Explanation
"discover, harness" fits pedagogical logic perfectly: a teacher first identifies (discovers) the student's unique learning orientation to productively utilize and channel (harness) it.
درست جوڑا 'discover' اور 'harness' ہے۔
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1101📚📖 General EnglishPrepositions and Military Terms
Fill in the blanks: "Our army is ______ the border of the neighboring country."
Explanation
Troops are strategically 'deployed along' a national boundary line     \implies "deployed, along the border".
فوجی دستوں کی تعیناتی کے لیے 'deployed, along' درست ہے۔
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1102📚📖 General EnglishModal Auxiliaries & Conditionals
Fill in the blanks using suitable modal verbs:
"We ______ be honest under all circumstances. If we work hard, we ______ pass."
Explanation
'Must' conveys strong categorical moral obligation ("must be honest"), and 'will' completes the standard first conditional construction with real future consequence ("if we work hard, we will pass").
درست موڈل وربز 'must' اور 'will' ہیں۔
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1103📚📖 General EnglishSentence Completion
Fill in the blanks: "The whole country was ______ with forests and swamps. The ______ part of it was very misty and cold."
Explanation
A geographic region is 'covered with' natural vegetation, and 'greater part' is the standard descriptive idiom for the majority area.
درست جوڑا 'covered' اور 'greater' ہے۔
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1104📚📖 General EnglishRelative Pronouns
Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun: "He told me his address ______ I wrote down in a note-book."
Explanation
'Which' serves as the objective relative pronoun referring back to the inanimate antecedent noun 'his address'.
پتے (Address) کے لیے درست ریلیٹیو پروناؤن 'which' ہے۔
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1105📚📖 General EnglishVocabulary & Contextual Fillers
Fill in the blanks: "There were screams, chills and thrills ______ at the discotheque the other night as the director along with the producers hosted a party to ______ the success of their latest horror flick."
Explanation
'Galore' means in great abundance ("thrills galore"), and one hosts a party to 'celebrate' box office success.
درست جوڑا 'Galore' اور 'celebrate' ہے۔
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1106📚📖 General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
What is the meaning of the idiom: A cock and bull story?
Explanation
'A cock and bull story' refers to an improbable, contrived, and completely unbelievable story presented as an explanation or excuse.
'A cock and bull story' کا مطلب من گھڑت، بے بنیاد اور ناقابل یقین کہانی ہے۔
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1107📚📖 General EnglishAppropriate Prepositions
Fill in the blank: "Disintegration of the country is inimical ______ the progress of the people."
Explanation
The adjective 'inimical' (meaning harmful, hostile, or adverse) is standardly followed by the preposition 'to' ("inimical to the progress").
لفظ 'inimical' کے ساتھ ہمیشہ پریپوزیشن 'to' آتی ہے۔
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1108📚📖 General EnglishHomophones
Pick the correct homophone: "Raman was ______ by the English King."
Explanation
'Knighted' means conferred the noble title or rank of a Knight by the monarch.
شاہی خطاب پانے کے لیے درست لفظ 'knighted' ہے۔
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1109📚🧩 Logical ReasoningCoding-Decoding: Alternating Numerical Shift
In a code language, FRIEND is written as GQJDOC (pattern: +1,1,+1,1,+1,1+1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1). How will PEACE be written in that language?
Explanation
Applying alternating shifts +1,1,+1,1,+1+1, -1, +1, -1, +1:
- P(+1) = Q
- E(-1) = D
- A(+1) = B
- C(-1) = B
- E(+1) = F
Code is QDBBF.
متبادل شفٹ (+1, -1) کے مطابق PEACE کا کوڈ QDBBF ہے۔
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1110📚🧩 Verbal ReasoningWord Formation & Letter Combinations
How many distinct meaningful English dictionary words can be formed using any combination of the letters in "FRIEND" using each letter at most once per word?
Explanation
Multiple distinct English words can be constructed from letters F, R, I, E, N, D: FIND, FIRED, FRIED, RED, DIE, DIN, END, RID, FIN, REIN, DEN     \implies More than 6 words.
FRIEND کے حروف سے 6 سے زائد بامعنی الفاظ بنتے ہیں (More than 6)۔
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1111📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsSupercomputers & IT Infrastructure
Which ministry/department is responsible for the functioning of 'Pratyush', India's high-performance computing (HPC) system?
Explanation
Pratyush is a 4.0 Petaflops High Performance Computing (HPC) system established at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, operating under the Ministry of Earth Sciences for high-resolution weather and climate modeling.
'प्रत्युष' भारत का उच्च-प्रदर्शन कंप्यूटिंग सुपरकंप्यूटर है, जो पृथ्वी विज्ञान मंत्रालय (Ministry of Earth Sciences) के अधीन पुणे में मौसम पूर्वानुमान के लिए कार्यरत है।
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1112📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTAncient History of Kashmir
Which ancient kingdom of Kashmir was known for its Buddhist heritage?
Explanation
The Kushana Empire, particularly under Emperor Kanishka I in the 1st-2nd century CE, was deeply celebrated for its Buddhist heritage in Kashmir, organizing the 4th Buddhist Council at Kundalvana (near modern-day Harwan, Srinagar).
कुषाण साम्राज्य (विशेषकर सम्राट कनिष्क) कश्मीर में बौद्ध विरासत के लिए प्रसिद्ध था। कनिष्क ने कश्मीर के कुंडलवन में चतुर्थ बौद्ध संगीति का आयोजन कराया था।
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1113📚General Economics & Indian EconomyFinance Commission of India
Who was the Chairman of the 15th Finance Commission of India, which was constituted in 2017?
Explanation
N.K. Singh (Nand Kishore Singh) was appointed as the Chairman of the 15th Finance Commission constituted by the President of India in November 2017 to recommend devolution of tax revenues for 2021-2026.
15वें वित्त आयोग (2017 में गठित) के अध्यक्ष श्री एन.के. सिंह (Nand Kishore Singh) थे।
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1114📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyWorld Geography & Physical Landforms
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Grand Canyon | I. Canada |
| 2. Lake Winnipeg | II. New Zealand |
| 3. Southern Alps | III. USA |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States (III)
2. Lake Winnipeg is a massive freshwater lake located in Manitoba, Canada (I)
3. Southern Alps is a mountain range extending along much of the length of the South Island in New Zealand (II).
Correct code: 1-III, 2-I, 3-II.
1. ग्रैंड कैन्यन: संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (USA - III)
2. विन्निपेग झील: कनाडा (Canada - I)
3. दक्षिणी आल्प्स पर्वतमाला: न्यूजीलैंड (New Zealand - II)।
सही विकल्प 1-III, 2-I, 3-II है।
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1115📚General Economics & Indian EconomyEmployment, Skill Development & Human Resource
Which initiative plays the most crucial role in boosting employment opportunities in India?
Explanation
The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM), launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, creates vocational training infrastructure and industry-aligned skills to directly boost youth employability across India.
राष्ट्रीय कौशल विकास मिशन (National Skills Development Mission) युवाओं को रोजगारपरक प्रशिक्षण देकर देश में रोजगार के अवसर बढ़ाने में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।
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1116📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsEducational Initiatives & Current Affairs
What is the name of the Channel launched by Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan for Indian Sign Language?
Explanation
Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched the dedicated 'Bhartiya Sanketik Bhasha' (Indian Sign Language) DTH channel under the PM e-VIDYA scheme to provide inclusive education to hearing-impaired learners.
केंद्रीय शिक्षा मंत्री धर्मेंद्र प्रधान द्वारा भारतीय सांकेतिक भाषा (ISL) के लिए 'भारतीय सांकेतिक भाषा डीटीएच चैनल' (Bhartiya Sanketik Bhasha DTH Channel) शुरू किया गया।
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1117📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTDistricts & Administrative Setup of J&K
After the reorganization in 2019, how many districts are there in Jammu & Kashmir UT?
Explanation
Following the creation of the Union Territory of Ladakh (consisting of Leh and Kargil districts), the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir comprises exactly 20 districts (10 in Jammu Division and 10 in Kashmir Division).
2019 में लद्दाख के अलग होने के बाद केंद्र शासित प्रदेश जम्मू और कश्मीर में कुल 20 जिले हैं (10 कश्मीर संभाग और 10 जम्मू संभाग में)।
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1118📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Reorganisation Act 2019
In accordance with the J&K Reorganization Act, 2019, how many women can be nominated by the Lieutenant Governor to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Under Section 15 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, the Lieutenant Governor may nominate two women members to the Legislative Assembly if, in his opinion, women are not adequately represented.
जम्मू और कश्मीर पुनर्गठन अधिनियम 2019 की धारा 15 के तहत उपराज्यपाल विधानसभा में 2 महिला सदस्यों को मनोनीत कर सकते हैं।
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1119📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTBorder Roads Organisation & Projects in Ladakh
Consider the following statements about Project HIMANK:
I. It is a project of NHAI
II. It is responsible for the construction of roads in J&K and Ladakh

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is incorrect: Project HIMANK (established in 1985) is a landmark project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), not NHAI. Statement II is correct: Project HIMANK is known as 'The Mountain Tamers' and is responsible for constructing world-record high-altitude roads (like Umling La and Khardung La) across Ladakh and J&K. Hence, II only is correct.
कथन I गलत है क्योंकि प्रोजेक्ट हिमांक (Project HIMANK) सीमा सड़क संगठन (BRO) का प्रोजेक्ट है, न कि NHAI का। कथन II सही है क्योंकि यह लद्दाख और जम्मू-कश्मीर में दुर्गम पर्वतीय सड़कों का निर्माण करता है। अतः केवल II सही है।
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1120📚General English & ComprehensionDirect and Indirect Speech
Select the alternative that best expresses the same sentence: "If you don't keep quiet I shall shoot you," she said to him in a calm voice.
Explanation
The threat represents a warning delivered in a calm manner. Pronouns shift from 'I' to 'she' and 'you' to 'him', with 'shall' becoming 'would': 'She warned him calmly that she would shoot him if he didn't keep quiet.'
धमकी भरे वाक्य को चेतावनी (warned calmly) के रूप में व्यक्त किया जाता है और सर्वनाम एवं काल के नियमानुसार 'She warned him calmly that she would shoot him if he didn't keep quiet' सही उत्तर है।
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1121📚General English & ComprehensionModal Auxiliary Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs: Ramesh ______ be coming to see us tomorrow.
Explanation
'May' is used to express future possibility or uncertainty regarding a planned visit: 'Ramesh may be coming to see us tomorrow.'
भविष्य की संभावना (Possibility) को दर्शाने के लिए Modal Verb 'may' का सही प्रयोग होगा।
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1122📚General English & ComprehensionModal Auxiliary Verbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs: My grandfather is 86 years old but he ______ still read without his glasses.
Explanation
'Can' expresses present general physical capability/ability: '...he can still read without his glasses.'
वर्तमान काल में शारीरिक योग्यता/क्षमता (Ability) व्यक्त करने के लिए 'can' का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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1123📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blanks: ______ weather was rainy, and we made ______ bet whether you would come.
Explanation
'Weather' in this specific situation refers to the specific prevailing weather of that day, taking the definite article 'The'. 'Made a bet' is a standard English idiomatic collocated phrase. Hence: 'The weather was rainy, and we made a bet...'
विशिष्ट मौसम के लिए 'The weather' और मुहावरेदार प्रयोग 'made a bet' में 'a' आएगा। अतः सही उत्तर 'The, a' है।
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1124📚General English & ComprehensionReading Comprehension
Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the author's metaphorical statement, "it is not every garden that grows the herbs to make it with"?
Explanation
The metaphor 'not every garden grows the herbs' correlates directly with the author's earlier clause 'few can practise it', meaning genuine patience is cultivated and observed by only a few rare individuals.
रूपक 'हर बगीचे में यह जड़ी-बूटी नहीं उगती' का अर्थ है कि समाज में बहुत कम लोग वास्तव में धैर्य का पालन कर पाते हैं।
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1125📚General English & ComprehensionHomophones & Word Usage
Fill in the blanks: The dog took a ______ during his walk and raised his ______ to show that he was tired.
Explanation
'Pause' means a temporary stop/break, while 'paws' refers to the feet of an animal: 'The dog took a pause during his walk and raised his paws...'
रुकने के लिए 'pause' और कुत्ते के पंजों के लिए 'paws' का प्रयोग होगा। अतः 'pause; paws' सही है।
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1126📚General English & ComprehensionOne Word Substitution
Choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence: Be the embodiment or perfect example of
Explanation
'Personify' (or Epitomize) means to represent a quality or concept in human form or to be the ultimate embodiment/archetype of something.
किसी गुण या विचार का साक्षात उदाहरण या अवतार होने को अंग्रेजी में 'Personify' (मूर्त रूप देना) कहते हैं।
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1127📚General English & ComprehensionPrepositions
Fill in the blanks: Did you try looking ______ the door or ______ the cupboard?
Explanation
One naturally searches 'behind' a door (in the space hidden by an open/closed door) and 'in' (or inside) a cupboard where items are stored. Hence: 'behind the door or in the cupboard'.
दरवाजे के पीछे के लिए 'behind the door' और अलमारी के अंदर के लिए 'in the cupboard' का प्रयोग होगा।
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1128📚General English & ComprehensionSentence Completion & Vocabulary
Pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank: Even at the risk of economic loss, he ______ refused to take the beaten track.
Explanation
'Steadfastly' means with firm, unwavering purpose and determination, which fits the sentence: 'he steadfastly refused to take the beaten track.'
'Steadfastly' का अर्थ दृढ़तापूर्वक और बिना डगमगाए होता है। अतः 'steadfastly refused' सही उत्तर है।
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1129📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blanks: I saw ______ old woman yesterday.
Explanation
The word 'old' begins with a vowel sound (/oʊ/), hence the indefinite article 'an' is used: 'I saw an old woman yesterday.'
'Old' शब्द स्वर ध्वनि (Vowel sound) से शुरू होता है, इसलिए इसके पहले 'an' का प्रयोग होगा।
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1130📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningNumber Series & Pattern Completion
Choose the correct alternative that will continue the same pattern and fill in the blank space:

1,2,3,6,9,18,(...),541, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, (...), 54
Explanation
The pattern alternates multiplying by 2 and multiplying by 1.5:
- 1×2=21 \times 2 = 2
- 2×1.5=32 \times 1.5 = 3
- 3×2=63 \times 2 = 6
- 6×1.5=96 \times 1.5 = 9
- 9×2=189 \times 2 = 18
- 18×1.5=2718 \times 1.5 = 27
- 27×2=5427 \times 2 = 54.
Hence, the missing number is 27.
श्रृंखला में बारी-बारी से ×2\times 2 और ×1.5\times 1.5 का गुणा हो रहा है: 18×1.5=2718 \times 1.5 = 27 और 27×2=5427 \times 2 = 54। अतः सही संख्या 27 है।
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1131📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 300 m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. The thief and the policeman run at the rate of 10 km/h10\text{ km/h} and 11 km/h11\text{ km/h}, respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 mins?
Explanation
Relative speed of the policeman with respect to the thief:
vrel=1110=1 km/h=1×1000 m60 min=503 m/minv_{\text{rel}} = 11 - 10 = 1\text{ km/h} = 1 \times \frac{1000\text{ m}}{60\text{ min}} = \frac{50}{3}\text{ m/min}
Distance gained by policeman in 6 minutes:
dgained=503×6=100 metresd_{\text{gained}} = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100\text{ metres}
Distance remaining between them after 6 minutes:
dremaining=300100=200 metres.d_{\text{remaining}} = 300 - 100 = 200\text{ metres}.
सापेक्ष गति = 11 - 10 = 1 किमी/घंटा = \frac{50}{3} मीटर/मिनट।
6 मिनट में तय की गई अतिरिक्त दूरी = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100 मीटर।
6 मिनट बाद दोनों के बीच शेष दूरी = 300 - 100 = 200 मीटर।
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1132📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningLogical Situation Assessment
An Informal gathering happens when a group of people get together in a casual, relaxed manner. Which of the following is the best example of an informal gathering?
Explanation
Option A describes a spontaneous, unplanned, relaxed social choice among friends after work without structured agendas or formal invitations, which defines an informal gathering.
विकल्प A एक अनौपचारिक, सहज और बिना किसी पूर्व योजना या निमंत्रण के दोस्तों का मिलना दर्शाता है, जो अनौपचारिक बैठक (Informal Gathering) का सबसे सटीक उदाहरण है।
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1133📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTime and Work
Manisha takes twice as much time as Usha to complete a work and Ravi does it in the same time as Manisha and Usha together. If all three working together can finish the work in 7 days, then the time taken by Manisha to finish the work is:
Explanation
Let Usha's time be xx days     \implies Manisha's time =2x= 2x days.
Combined 1-day work of Manisha and Usha:
12x+1x=32x\frac{1}{2x} + \frac{1}{x} = \frac{3}{2x}
Ravi's 1-day work is equal to Manisha + Usha together =32x= \frac{3}{2x}.
All three together in 1 day:
32x+32x=62x=3x=17    x=21 days\frac{3}{2x} + \frac{3}{2x} = \frac{6}{2x} = \frac{3}{x} = \frac{1}{7} \implies x = 21\text{ days}
Time taken by Manisha =2x=2×21=42 days= 2x = 2 \times 21 = 42\text{ days}.
उषा का समय =x= x, मनीषा का समय =2x= 2x
मनीषा + उषा का 1 दिन का काम =12x+1x=32x= \frac{1}{2x} + \frac{1}{x} = \frac{3}{2x} (रवि का भी काम)।
तीनों का 1 दिन का कुल काम =32x+32x=3x=17    x=21= \frac{3}{2x} + \frac{3}{2x} = \frac{3}{x} = \frac{1}{7} \implies x = 21
मनीषा द्वारा लिया गया समय = 2x = 42 दिन।
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1134📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsMensuration & Volume
The circumference of the base of a cylindrical vessel is 44 cm and its height is 25 cm. How many litres of water can it hold? (Take π=227\pi = \frac{22}{7})
Explanation
Base circumference:
2πr=44    2×227×r=44    r=7 cm2\pi r = 44 \implies 2 \times \frac{22}{7} \times r = 44 \implies r = 7\text{ cm}
Volume of the cylinder:
V=πr2h=227×72×25=22×7×25=3850 cm3V = \pi r^2 h = \frac{22}{7} \times 7^2 \times 25 = 22 \times 7 \times 25 = 3850\text{ cm}^3
Converting to litres (1 litre=1000 cm31\text{ litre} = 1000\text{ cm}^3):
Capacity=38501000=3.85 litres.\text{Capacity} = \frac{3850}{1000} = 3.85\text{ litres}.
2\pi r = 44 \implies r = 7 सेमी।
आयतन = \pi r^2 h = \frac{22}{7} \times 49 \times 25 = 3850 सेमी^3।
लीटर में क्षमता = \frac{3850}{1000} = 3.85 लीटर।
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1135📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsDigital India & E-Governance
Consider the following statements:
The vision of Digital India launched by the Government of India is centred on:
I. Creating transportation infrastructure in states
II. Digital Empowerment of Every Citizen

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
The three core vision areas of the Digital India programme are: (1) Digital Infrastructure as a Core Utility to Every Citizen, (2) Governance and Services on Demand, and (3) Digital Empowerment of Citizens. Transportation infrastructure is covered under Bharatmala/PMGSY, not Digital India. Hence, II only is correct.
डिजिटल इंडिया कार्यक्रम के तीन प्रमुख स्तंभ हैं: डिजिटल इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर, ई-गवर्नेंस और नागरिकों का डिजिटल सशक्तिकरण (Digital Empowerment of Every Citizen)। अतः केवल II सही है।
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1136📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCPU Architecture (ALU, CU, Registers)
Consider the following statements:
I. The control unit of the CPU is used to process and store data.
II. The CPU's ALU can perform both arithmetic and logical operations.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is incorrect: The Control Unit (CU) directs the operations of the processor and manages instruction execution; data is stored in registers and memory. Statement II is correct: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs all arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction) and logical comparisons (AND, OR, NOT). Hence, II only is correct.
कथन I गलत है क्योंकि कंट्रोल यूनिट निर्देशों को नियंत्रित करती है, डेटा स्टोर रजिस्टर करते हैं। कथन II सही है क्योंकि ALU अंकगणितीय और तार्किक दोनों ऑपरेशन करता है। अतः केवल II सही है।
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1137📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCyber Security & Virtualization
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the answer using the codes given below:

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Firewall | I. Store user preferences for future website visits |
| 2. Cookies | II. Filters Incoming and outgoing data to protect the computer |
| 3. Hypervisor | III. Manages and runs virtual machines |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Firewall: A network security system that filters incoming and outgoing traffic (II)
2. Cookies: Small text files stored by browsers to record user preferences and session data (I)
3. Hypervisor (VMM): Software/firmware that creates, runs, and manages virtual machines (III).
Correct matching code is 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.
1. फ़ायरवॉल: इनकमिंग और आउटगोइंग डेटा को फ़िल्टर करता है (II)
2. कुकीज़: उपयोगकर्ता प्राथमिकताओं और सत्र को सहेजती हैं (I)
3. हाइपरवाइजर: वर्चुअल मशीनों को प्रबंधित करता है (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।
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1138📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsCyber Threats & Malware
Which of the following best describes a keylogger?
Explanation
A keylogger (keystroke logger) is a surveillance technology (software or hardware) designed to covertly monitor, log, and record each keystroke typed on a computer keyboard, often used in spyware attacks to steal passwords and confidential data.
कीलॉगर (Keylogger) एक ऐसा सॉफ्टवेयर या हार्डवेयर उपकरण है जो कीबोर्ड पर दबाई गई प्रत्येक कुंजी (keystroke) को रिकॉर्ड और मॉनिटर करता है।
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1139📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsHistory of Internet & DNS
Which of the following events is correctly matched with its contribution to the development of the Internet?
Explanation
The Domain Name System (DNS), developed by Paul Mockapetris in 1983, revolutionized the Internet by replacing numerical IP addresses with human-readable domain names (.com, .org, .edu).
1983 में पॉल मोकापेट्रिस द्वारा डोमेन नेम सिस्टम (DNS) का आविष्कार इंटरनेट के विकास में सबसे क्रांतिकारी मील का पत्थर था, जिसने IP पतों को आसान नामों में बदल दिया।
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1140📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsInternet & Email Protocols (SMTP, IMAP, POP3)
Which of the following is an E-mail protocol?
I. SMTP
II. ICMP
III. IMAP
IV. POP3

Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails.
- IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is used for retrieving and synchronizing emails.
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is used for downloading emails.
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used for diagnostics (e.g. ping), not email.
Therefore, I, III, and IV are email protocols.
ई-मेल प्रोटोकॉल: SMTP (भेजने के लिए), IMAP और POP3 (प्राप्त करने के लिए)। ICMP एक नेटवर्क लेयर प्रोटोकॉल है, ई-मेल का नहीं। अतः I, III और IV सही हैं।
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1141📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsTime and Work
If 10 workers can complete a task in 18 days. If the same work is done by 5 workers for 10 days, how many more days would be required by 13 workers to finish the task?
Explanation
Total work = 10×18=180 man-days10 \times 18 = 180\text{ man-days}.
Work done by 5 workers in 10 days = 5×10=50 man-days5 \times 10 = 50\text{ man-days}.
Work remaining = 18050=130 man-days180 - 50 = 130\text{ man-days}.
Days required by 13 workers = 13013=10 days\frac{130}{13} = 10\text{ days}.
कुल काम =10×18=180= 10 \times 18 = 180 मैन-डेज।
5 मजदूरों द्वारा 10 दिन में किया गया काम =50= 50 मैन-डेज।
शेष काम =18050=130= 180 - 50 = 130 मैन-डेज।
13 मजदूरों द्वारा लिया गया समय =13013=10= \frac{130}{13} = 10 दिन।
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1142📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningVerbal Analogies
Which of the following pairs is most similar to the relationship "Plant: Photosynthesis"?
Explanation
A plant carries out the physiological process of photosynthesis. Similarly, the stomach carries out the digestive process of digestion.
पौधे का मुख्य जैविक कार्य प्रकाश संश्लेषण (Photosynthesis) करना है, उसी प्रकार आमाशय (Stomach) का मुख्य कार्य पाचन (Digestion) करना है।
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1143📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningVerbal Analogies
Which of the following completes the analogy "Oarsman: Rower :: Musician: ?"
Explanation
An oarsman is synonymous with a rower who performs the physical action of rowing. Similarly, a musician is synonymous with an instrumentalist who plays an instrument.
नाविक (Oarsman) को Rower भी कहते हैं, उसी प्रकार संगीतकार/वादक (Musician) को Instrumentalist कहा जाता है।
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1144📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningAnalogies & Classification
Which of the following completes the analogy "Digital Image: Pixel :: Human: ?"
Explanation
A pixel is the fundamental, indivisible building block of a digital image. Similarly, a cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of a human.
डिजिटल इमेज की सबसे छोटी मूलभूत इकाई पिक्सेल (Pixel) होती है, उसी प्रकार मानव शरीर की सबसे छोटी संरचनात्मक इकाई कोशिका (Cell) होती है।
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1145📚Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningBlood Relations
A woman introduced a girl as the daughter of her mother's brother. The girl is the woman's:
Explanation
Mother's brother is maternal uncle (Mama). The daughter of maternal uncle is a Cousin.
माँ का भाई = मामा। मामा की पुत्री = ममेरी बहन (Cousin)।
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1146📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blank with the correct article. If no article is required, select no article.
She achieved _____ unique position in _____ organization through hard work.
Explanation
'Unique' starts with a consonant 'y' sound (/juː/), taking indefinite article 'a'. 'Organization' refers to the specific company/entity, taking definite article 'the': 'a unique position in the organization'.
'Unique' व्यंजन ध्वनि (य) से शुरू होता है इसलिए 'a' आएगा, और विशिष्ट संगठन के लिए 'the' आएगा। अतः 'a, the' सही उत्तर है।
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1147📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blank with the correct article. If no article is required, select no article.
_____ engineer presented _____ innovative solution during the conference.
Explanation
Both 'engineer' and 'innovative' begin with vowel sounds (/e/ and /ɪ/), requiring the indefinite article 'An' and 'an': 'An engineer presented an innovative solution...'.
'Engineer' और 'innovative' दोनों स्वर ध्वनि से शुरू होते हैं, इसलिए दोनों जगह 'An, an' आएगा।
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1148📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blank with the correct article. If no article is required, select no article.
_____ European country announced _____ new policy to combat climate change.
Explanation
'European' begins with a consonant 'y' sound (/jʊərəˈpiːən/), so it takes 'A'. 'New policy' takes indefinite article 'a': 'A European country announced a new policy...'.
'European' की शुरुआत 'य' व्यंजन ध्वनि से होती है, इसलिए इसके पूर्व 'A' आएगा और 'new policy' के पूर्व भी 'a' आएगा।
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1149📚General English & ComprehensionPrepositions
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition in the below sentence.
She stepped _____ the boat carefully to avoid slipping.
Explanation
'Onto' is used to express movement towards and coming to rest upon a surface/deck: 'She stepped onto the boat carefully...'.
नाव की सतह पर पैर रखने के लिए 'onto' का प्रयोग सही है: 'stepped onto the boat'.
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1150📚General English & ComprehensionPrepositions
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition in the below sentence.
_____ the beautiful decorations, candles were placed _____ the centerpiece.
Explanation
'Alongside the beautiful decorations, candles were placed around the centerpiece' correctly expresses accompanying placement and surrounding orientation.
सजावट के साथ के लिए 'Alongside' और केंद्र के चारों ओर के लिए 'around' का सही प्रयोग होगा।
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1151📚General English & ComprehensionTenses & Sequence of Tenses
Fill in the blank with a suitable verb in the below sentence.
By the time he arrived, the train _____ already.
Explanation
In past time clauses with 'By the time + past simple (arrived)', the earlier completed action takes the past perfect tense: 'had already left'.
'By the time' के साथ भूतकाल में पहले समाप्त हुई क्रिया के लिए Past Perfect Tense 'had left' का प्रयोग होता है।
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1152📚General English & ComprehensionSubject-Verb Agreement & Tenses
Fill in the blank with a suitable verb in the below sentence.
The chef _____ the ingredients carefully before cooking the dish.
Explanation
Expressing a habitual professional routine or general fact in culinary practice uses the simple present tense: 'The chef prepares the ingredients carefully...'.
सामान्य नियम और आदत व्यक्त करने के लिए Simple Present Tense 'prepares' का उपयोग होगा।
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1153📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Select the sentence where the determiner is used correctly.
Explanation
Option C correctly pairs 'several' with the plural countable noun 'opportunities'. (In A, 'many dogs'; in B & D, 'advice' and 'information' are uncountable and do not take 'a').
विकल्प C में 'several' के साथ बहुवचन संज्ञा 'opportunities' का सही प्रयोग हुआ है। 'advice' और 'information' अगणनीय हैं।
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1154📚General English & ComprehensionSpellings & Vocabulary
Fill in the blank with the correct spelling: The detective had to _____ the evidence carefully to uncover the truth behind the mysterious disappearance.
Explanation
The correct spelling is 'scrutinise' (British English) or 'scrutinize' (meaning to examine or inspect closely and thoroughly).
'Scrutinise' (गहनता से जांच करना) की सही वर्तनी विकल्प B है।
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1155📚General English & ComprehensionSpellings & Vocabulary
Fill in the blank with the correct spelling: It was pure _____ that I met my old friend at the park today.
Explanation
The correct spelling is 'serendipity' (meaning the occurrence of valuable or agreeable things not sought for; happy coincidence).
'Serendipity' (संयोग से सुखद घटना होना) की सही वर्तनी विकल्प D है।
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1156📚General Awareness & National Current AffairsNational Sports Awards & Khel Ratna 2024
Which of the following pairs is/are correct regarding the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024 awardees?
i) Harmanpreet Singh - Hockey
ii) Aman Sehrawat - Wrestling
iii) Manu Bhaker - Shooting
iv) Praveen Kumar - Para-Athletics

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
India's highest sporting honor, the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024, was conferred on hockey captain Harmanpreet Singh, double Olympic medalist Manu Bhaker (Shooting), and Paralympic gold medalist Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics).
मेजर ध्यानचंद खेल रत्न पुरस्कार 2024: हरमनप्रीत सिंह (हॉकी), मनु भाकर (निशानेबाजी), और प्रवीण कुमार (पैरा-एथलेटिक्स)। अतः i, iii और iv सही हैं।
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1157📚History of India & National MovementSikh Gurus & Medieval Indian History
The fifth Sikh guru "Guru Arjan Dev", is known for which significant contribution?
Explanation
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Sikh Guru, compiled the sacred Adi Granth (the first official edition of the Sikh scripture) in 1604 and installed it at the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar.
सिखों के पांचवें गुरु, गुरु अर्जुन देव जी ने 1604 में पवित्र 'आदि ग्रंथ' (गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब का प्रारंभिक संकलन) तैयार किया था।
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1158📚Geography of India & Physical GeographyCoastal Geography & Famous Beaches
Which of the following location-beach pairings is not correct?
Explanation
Radhanagar Beach (Asia's best beach / Blue Flag beach) is located on Havelock Island (Swaraj Dweep) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, NOT in Andhra Pradesh.
राधानगर बीच (Radhanagar Beach) अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप समूह के हैवलॉक द्वीप पर स्थित है, आंध्र प्रदेश में नहीं। अतः विकल्प B गलत युग्म है।
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1159📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Vitamins, Nutrients & Human Physiology
Which vitamin is mainly produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight?
Explanation
Vitamin D (specifically Vitamin D3 / Cholecalciferol) is synthesized in human skin cells when 7-dehydrocholesterol absorbs solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation.
जब त्वचा सूर्य के प्रकाश (UV-B किरणों) के संपर्क में आती है, तो शरीर में विटामिन D का संश्लेषण होता है।
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1160📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Solar System & Astronomy
Match the different planets with their common names:

| Planets | Common Names |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Venus | 1) Red Planet |
| ii) Mars | 2) Giant Planet |
| iii) Jupiter | 3) Ringed Planet |
| iv) Saturn | 4) Morning and evening star |

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
i) Venus - Morning and evening star (4)
ii) Mars - Red Planet (1)
iii) Jupiter - Giant Planet (2)
iv) Saturn - Ringed Planet (3).
Correct matching code is i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3.
i) शुक्र (Venus): भोर और सांझ का तारा (4)
ii) मंगल (Mars): लाल ग्रह (1)
iii) बृहस्पति (Jupiter): विशालकाय ग्रह (2)
iv) शनि (Saturn): वलययुक्त ग्रह (3)।
सही विकल्प i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3 है।
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1161📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Human Nutrition & Dietary Nutrients
Match the different nutrients with their main functions:

| Nutrients | Functions |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Carbohydrates | 1) Structural building blocks of the body |
| ii) Fats | 2) Helps prevent constipation and diarrhea |
| iii) Proteins | 3) Main source of energy for the body |
| iv) Fiber | 4) Repair and build body tissues |

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
i) Carbohydrates: Main primary source of energy for the body (3)
ii) Fats: Long-term energy storage & cell structure insulation (1)
iii) Proteins: Repair and build body tissues/enzymes (4)
iv) Fiber: Promotes digestive motility and prevents constipation (2).
Correct code is i-3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2.
i) कार्बोहाइड्रेट: शरीर के लिए ऊर्जा का मुख्य स्रोत (3)
ii) वसा: ऊर्जा भंडारण और संरचनात्मक घटक (1)
iii) प्रोटीन: शरीर के ऊतकों का निर्माण और मरम्मत (4)
iv) फाइबर/आहार रेशा: पाचन और कब्ज निवारण (2)।
सही विकल्प i-3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2 है।
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1162📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Diseases, Epidemiology & Public Health
What is the main cause of contagious diseases?
Explanation
Contagious (infectious) communicable diseases are transmitted through airborne pathogens (contaminated air), food/water-borne bacteria and viruses (contaminated food), and poor sanitation and personal hygiene (All of the above).
संक्रामक रोग दूषित वायु, दूषित भोजन/जल और अस्वच्छ वातावरण तीनों कारणों से फैलते हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।
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1163📚Environment, Ecology & BiodiversityWater Treatment & Environmental Pollution
What is the main purpose of a sewage treatment plant?
Explanation
The primary objective of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is to remove contaminants, toxic pollutants, and harmful biological pathogens from municipal wastewater and sewage before safely discharging or reusing it.
सीवेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट (STP) का मुख्य उद्देश्य अपशिष्ट जल और सीवेज को उपचारित एवं शुद्ध (treat and purify) करना है ताकि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण को रोका जा सके।
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1164📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTFamous Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir
Match the lakes of Jammu & Kashmir with their locations:

| Lakes | Locations |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Dal Lake | 1) Freshwater lake in the Budgam district of JK |
| ii) Nilnag Lake | 2) Located in the Anantnag district of Kashmir Valley |
| iii) Manasbal Lake | 3) Kidney-shaped lake in foothills of Shankaracharya Hill |
| iv) Sheshnag Lake | 4) Freshwater lake located in the Ganderbal District of JK |

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
i) Dal Lake: Urban lake at the foothills of Shankaracharya Hill in Srinagar (3)
ii) Nilnag Lake: Blue-water pine forest lake in Budgam district (1)
iii) Manasbal Lake: Deepest freshwater lake with lotus blooms in Ganderbal district (4)
iv) Sheshnag Lake: High-altitude alpine pilgrimage lake in Anantnag district (2).
Correct code is i-3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2.
i) डल झील: श्रीनगर में शंकराचार्य पहाड़ी की तलहटी में (3)
ii) नीलगनाग झील: बडगाम जिला (1)
iii) मानसबल झील: गांदरबल जिला (4)
iv) शेषनाग झील: अनंतनाग जिला (2)।
सही विकल्प i-3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2 है।
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1165📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTHandicrafts & Pashmina Industry of J&K
What is the primary source of wool used for making Pashmina shawls?
Explanation
Authentic Cashmere/Pashmina wool is harvested from the ultra-fine undercoat of the Changthangi Goat (Capra hircus laniger), domesticated by nomadic Changpa tribes in the high-altitude Changthang plateau of Ladakh.
पश्मीना शॉल के लिए विश्व प्रसिद्ध महीन ऊन लद्दाख के चांगथांग पठार में पाई जाने वाली 'चांगथांगी बकरी' (Changthangi Goat) के अंडरकोट से प्राप्त की जाती है।
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1166📚General Knowledge with Special Reference to J&K UTFreedom Struggle & Quit Kashmir Movement 1946
Which prominent leader led the Quit Kashmir Movement in 1946 against the feudal rule of the Maharaja?
Explanation
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, president of the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, spearheaded the 'Quit Kashmir' movement in May 1946, demanding the abrogation of the Treaty of Amritsar and the termination of the autocratic rule of Maharaja Hari Singh.
मई 1946 में नेशनल कॉन्फ्रेंस के नेता शेख मोहम्मद अब्दुल्ला ने महाराजा हरि सिंह के सामंती शासन और अमृतसर की संधि के विरोध में 'भारत छोड़ो' की तर्ज पर 'कश्मीर छोड़ो' (Quit Kashmir) आंदोलन चलाया था।
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1167📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPsychiatric Epidemiology
The study of how diseases and disorders are distributed and what factors determine their presence or absence in a population is called as
Explanation
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health, diseases, and psychological conditions in specified human populations.
महामारी विज्ञान (Epidemiology) किसी जनसंख्या में रोगों और विकारों के वितरण, प्रसार और निर्धारकों का अध्ययन है।
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1168📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersDSM-5-TR Revisions
When was the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision published?
Explanation
DSM-5-TR (Text Revision) was officially released by the American Psychiatric Association in March 2022.
DSM-5-TR (टेक्स्ट रिवीजन) को अमेरिकन साइकियाट्रिक एसोसिएशन द्वारा मार्च 2022 में जारी किया गया था।
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1169📚Statistics & DemographyNon-Parametric Methods
Which of the following are non-parametric tests?
1. Mann-Whitney U test
2. Kruskal-Wallis test
3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
4. Pearson correlation

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov are distribution-free non-parametric tests. Pearson correlation is a parametric test.
मैन-व्हिटनी यू, क्रुस्कल-वालिस, और कोल्मोगोरोव-स्मिरनोव गैर-पैरामीट्रिक परीक्षण हैं। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।
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1170📚Statistics & DemographyStatistical Tests Matching
Match the following tests:
i. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test — 3. Test of normality
ii. Chi-square test — 2. Goodness of fit test
iii. Wilcoxon signed rank test — 4. Alternative to dependent Samples t-test
iv. Spearman's rho — 1. Correlation for Rank data

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching code: i-3 (Normality test), ii-2 (Goodness of fit), iii-4 (Paired t-test alternative), iv-1 (Rank correlation).
सही मिलान: i-3, ii-2, iii-4, iv-1।
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1171📚Statistics & DemographyStatistical Tests
Match the following tests:
i. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test — 3. Test of normality
ii. Chi-square test — 2. Goodness of fit test
iii. Wilcoxon signed rank test — 4. Alternative to dependent Samples t-test
iv. Spearman's rho — 1. Correlation for Rank data

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching: i-3 (Normality test), ii-2 (Goodness of fit), iii-4 (Paired t-test alternative), iv-1 (Rank correlation).
सही मिलान: i-3, ii-2, iii-4, iv-1।
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1172📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsR Software
What are the characteristics of R software?
1. Open-source
2. Proprietary
3. Coding Needed
4. Multiple GUIs

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
R is an open-source programming language (1) that requires code syntax (3) and supports multiple GUIs like RStudio (4).
R ओपन-सोर्स है (1), इसमें कोडिंग की आवश्यकता होती है (3), और इसके कई GUI उपलब्ध हैं (4)। अतः 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं।
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1173📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersDelusional Phenomenology
Match the Type of Delusion with its Example:

| Type of Delusion | Example of Client Description |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Persecutory | 3. Someone is constantly following me. |
| ii. Delusion of grandeur | 4. Prime minister seeks my advice daily. |
| iii. Jealousy | 2. My spouse has an affair with someone. |
| iv. Erotomania | 1. Great actress is in love with me. |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching: Persecutory (being followed - 3), Grandeur (PM takes advice - 4), Jealousy (unfaithful spouse - 2), Erotomania (celebrity in love - 1).
सही मिलान: i-3, ii-4, iii-2, iv-1।
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1174📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersBipolar Disorders (Mania Criteria)
Which of the following is NOT an aspect in DSM-5 Manic Episode Criteria of mood as 'a distinct period of abnormally and persistently ______'?
Explanation
In DSM-5 Criterion A for Manic Episode, mood is described as 'elevated, expansive, or irritable', while 'goal-directed' describes increased activity or energy.
DSM-5 में उन्माद की मनोदशा को 'Elevated, Expansive, Irritable' कहा गया है, जबकि 'Goal-directed' गतिविधि के लिए प्रयुक्त होता है।
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1175📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersDisruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally/ behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation is sign of
Explanation
Severe recurrent temper outbursts disproportionate to provocation in children/adolescents defines Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD).
बार-बार होने वाले गंभीर और अनियंत्रित गुस्से के दौरे 'डिसरप्टिव मूड डिसरेगुलेशन डिसऑर्डर' (DMDD) के मुख्य लक्षण हैं।
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1176📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPersonality Disorders
Match the Type of personality Disorder with its DSM-5 Criteria:

| Type of personality Disorder | DSM-5 Criteria |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Schizoid | 2. Pervasive detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression |
| ii. Schizotypal | 3. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and Ideas of reference |
| iii. Antisocial | 4. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. |
| iv. Paranoid | 1. Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching: Schizoid (detachment - 2), Schizotypal (odd beliefs - 3), Antisocial (impulsivity - 4), Paranoid (distrust - 1).
सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1।
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1177📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersEMDR Protocol Steps
For following steps in EMDR, specify the correct order?
1. Preparation
2. Body scan
3. Assessment
4. Installation
5. Desensitization
6. Closure

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
EMDR 8-phase protocol order: Preparation (1) -> Assessment (3) -> Desensitization (5) -> Installation (4) -> Body Scan (2) -> Closure (6).
EMDR का सही क्रम: तैयारी (1) → मूल्यांकन (3) → विसंवेदीकरण (5) → स्थापना (4) → बॉडी स्कैन (2) → समापन (6)। सही विकल्प B है।
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1178📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersMCMI-IV Scale Architecture
If MCMI IV scale categories are ordered as per number of scales in them in ascending order, then which is correct order?
1. Personality Pattern Scales
2. Clinical Syndrome Scales
3. Modifying Indices
4. Random Response Indicators
5. Grossman Facet Scales
Explanation
Scale counts: Random Response (2) -> Modifying Indices (3) -> Clinical Syndromes (7) -> Personality Patterns (12) -> Grossman Facet Scales (45). Ascending order: 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 5.
MCMI-IV पैमानों की संख्या: रैंडम रिस्पांस (4) → मॉडिफाइंग इंडेक्स (3) → क्लिनिकल सिंड्रोम (2) → पर्सनालिटी पैटर्न (1) → ग्रॉसमेन फेसेट स्केल (5)। सही क्रम D है।
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1179📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersIntelligence Assessment (FSIQ)
In the WAIS-IV, what does the Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) represent?
Explanation
The Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) derived from all 10 core subtests of WAIS-IV represents a composite global estimate of general intellectual functioning (Spearman's 'g').
WAIS-IV में फुल-स्केल आईक्यू (FSIQ) व्यक्ति की समग्र सामान्य बौद्धिक क्षमता (Overall intellectual ability) का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।
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1180📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersFive-Factor Model & Personality Pathology
Which of the Big-Five personality dimension is strongly associated with antisocial personality disorder?
Explanation
Antisocial Personality Disorder is most strongly and consistently characterized by extremely low Agreeableness (callousness, antagonism, hostility, lack of empathy, manipulativeness).
असामाजिक व्यक्तित्व विकार (Antisocial Personality Disorder) मुख्य रूप से अत्यंत निम्न सहमतिशीलता (Low Agreeableness) से जुड़ा होता है।
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1181📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersChild Psychological Assessment
Which of the following can be used with children?
Explanation
The Children's Apperception Test (CAT), developed by Leopold Bellak, is a projective personality assessment specifically designed for children aged 3 to 10 years using animal/human figures.
चिल्ड्रन्स एपर्सेप्शन टेस्ट (CAT) विशेष रूप से 3 से 10 वर्ष के बच्चों के व्यक्तित्व मूल्यांकन के लिए बनाया गया प्रक्षेपी परीक्षण है।
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1182📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersNeuropsychological Assessment (LNNB)
How many clinical scales are included in the standard Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery?
Explanation
The standard Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) comprises 11 clinical scales (Motor, Rhythm, Tactile, Visual, Receptive Speech, Expressive Speech, Writing, Reading, Arithmetic, Memory, and Intellectual Processes).
लूरिया-नेब्रास्का न्यूरोसाइकोलॉजिकल बैटरी (LNNB) में कुल 11 नैदानिक पैमाने (Clinical Scales) होते हैं।
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1183📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Neurobiology & Glial Cells
Match the Glial Cells with their primary Functions:

| Cells | Functions |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Astrocytes | 3. Phagocytosis & structural/metabolic support |
| ii. Oligodendrocyte | 2. Myelin sheath of CNS |
| iii. Microglia | 1. Inflammatory reaction & immune defense |
| iv. Schwann cells | 4. Myelin sheath of PNS |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i) Astrocytes: Metabolic/phagocytic support (3); ii) Oligodendrocytes: Form myelin sheath in Central Nervous System (2); iii) Microglia: Resident immune cells mediating inflammatory response (1); iv) Schwann cells: Form myelin sheath in Peripheral Nervous System (4).
i) एस्ट्रोसाइट्स: संरचनात्मक/मेटाबॉलिक सहायता (3)
ii) ओलिगोडेंड्रोसाइट: केंद्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र (CNS) का मायलिन शीथ (2)
iii) माइक्रोग्लिया: प्रतिरक्षा और सूजन प्रतिक्रिया (1)
iv) श्वान कोशिकाएं: परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र (PNS) का मायलिन शीथ (4)। सही विकल्प A है।
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1184📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanisms
Match the Regulatory System Terms with their Meanings:

| Term | Meaning |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. System Variable | 1. The characteristic to be regulated |
| ii. Set point | 3. The optimal value of the system variable |
| iii. Detector | 2. Monitor of the value of the system variable |
| iv. Correctional mechanism | 4. Restores the system variable to the set point |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching: i) System variable = characteristic regulated (1); ii) Set point = optimal target value (3); iii) Detector = sensory monitor (2); iv) Correctional mechanism = restores balance to set point (4). Code: i-1, ii-3, iii-2, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-3, iii-2, iv-4।
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1185📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)Infectious Diseases & HIV/AIDS
Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is correct?
1. AIDS is a condition that occurs in the advanced stages of HIV infection.
2. HIV can be completely cured with antiretroviral therapy (ART).
3. AIDS stands for Auto-Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
4. HIV weakens the immune system by attacking white blood cells (CD4+ T cells).

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
AIDS develops in late-stage HIV (1 - True) and attacks CD4+ T-helper white blood cells (4 - True). (ART manages viral load and suppresses virus, and in medical literature/multiple choice options 1, 2, 4 is designated correct).
AIDS एचआईवी संक्रमण के उन्नत चरणों में होता है (1) और यह श्वेत रक्त कोशिकाओं पर हमला करके प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कमजोर करता है (4)।
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1186📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersCBT for Chronic Pain
In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management, which of the following is a primary goal?
Explanation
CBT for pain aims to reframe catastrophic cognitions, build active behavioral coping strategies, and modify maladaptive beliefs regarding pain.
दर्द प्रबंधन के लिए CBT का मुख्य उद्देश्य दर्द से संबंधित दुर्भावनापूर्ण विचारों और व्यवहारों को सकारात्मक रूप से बदलना है।
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1187📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersMultimodal Pain Management (The 4 Ps)
Choose the correct full form of the Four P's of pain management.
Explanation
The interdisciplinary biopsychosocial 4P model of comprehensive pain management comprises: Physical, Psychological, Pharmacological, and Procedural interventions.
दर्द प्रबंधन के '4 Ps': Physical (शारीरिक), Psychological (मनोवैज्ञानिक), Pharmacological (औषधीय), और Procedural (प्रक्रियात्मक)।
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1188📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersReality Therapy & Choice Theory (WDEP)
What does "WDEP" stand for in reality therapy?
Explanation
In Reality Therapy / Choice Theory (William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding), the WDEP system stands for: Wants, Direction and Doing, Self-Evaluation, and Planning for change.
रियलिटी थेरेपी में WDEP प्रणाली का अर्थ है: Wants (इच्छाएं), Direction/Doing (दिशा और कर्म), Self-Evaluation (स्व-मूल्यांकन), और Planning (योजना बनाना)।
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1189📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersTherapeutic Schools & Techniques
Match the Therapeutic Techniques with their Schools of Therapy:

| Techniques | Schools of Therapy |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Making the rounds | 3. Gestalt |
| ii. JPMR | 1. Behavioral Therapy |
| iii. Automatic thought record | 2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| iv. Unconditional positive regard | 4. Humanistic Therapy |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i) Making the rounds = Gestalt group exercise (3); ii) JPMR (Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation) = Behavioral Therapy (1); iii) Automatic thought record = CBT (2); iv) Unconditional positive regard = Person-Centered / Humanistic Therapy (4). Code: i-3; ii-1; iii-2; iv-4.
i) मेकिंग द राउंड्स: गेस्टाल्ट (3)
ii) JPMR: व्यवहार चिकित्सा (1)
iii) ऑटोमैटिक थॉट रिकॉर्ड: CBT (2)
iv) बिना शर्त सकारात्मक सम्मान: मानवतावादी चिकित्सा (4)। सही विकल्प B है।
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1190📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersPsychotherapy Process & Stages
Arrange the following steps in the typical order they occur during psychotherapy:
1. Setting therapeutic goals
2. Termination of therapy
3. Assessment and diagnosis
4. Intervention and treatment

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Standard psychotherapy process sequence: Comprehensive clinical assessment and diagnosis (3) -> Collaborative goal setting (1) -> Evidence-based intervention/treatment execution (4) -> Planned termination and relapse prevention (2). Sequence: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2.
मनोचिकित्सा के सामान्य चरण: मूल्यांकन और निदान (3) → लक्ष्यों का निर्धारण (1) → हस्तक्षेप और उपचार (4) → चिकित्सा का समापन (2)। सही क्रम: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2।
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1191📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersEthics in Clinical Psychology & Informed Consent
Which of the following is TRUE about informed consent?
1. It provides information to the client about the therapy process
2. It allows them to make autonomous decisions.
3. Taking informed consent depends on your theoretical framework of therapy.
4. It mentions about the termination of therapy and an approximate number of sessions.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Informed consent provides clear information on therapy procedures and risks (1), empowers client autonomy (2), and outlines limits, approximate session length, and termination policies (4). Statement 3 is false because informed consent is an absolute universal ethical and legal mandate, regardless of theoretical orientation. Thus, 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
सूचित सहमति (Informed consent) प्रक्रिया की जानकारी देती है (1), स्वायत्त निर्णय लेने की अनुमति देती है (2), और सत्रों व समाप्ति की शर्तों का उल्लेख करती है (4)। कथन 3 असत्य है क्योंकि यह हर थेरेपी में अनिवार्य नैतिक नियम है। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।
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1192📚Clinical Psychology & Psychological DisordersBehavioral Medicine Interventions
Which of the following interventions are NOT commonly used in behavioral medicine?
Explanation
Immunotherapy is a specialized medical/pharmacological biological treatment in oncology and rheumatology, whereas behavioral medicine utilizes psychological/behavioral interventions like stress management, biofeedback, and lifestyle smoking cessation.
इम्यूनोथेरेपी (Immunotherapy) एक जैव-चिकित्सीय औषधीय उपचार है, यह व्यवहार चिकित्सा (Behavioral medicine) का मनोवैज्ञानिक हस्तक्षेप नहीं है।
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1193📚General English & ComprehensionArticles & Determiners
Fill in the blank using a suitable article:
_____ unique artist often develops _____ signature style that distinguishes them and their work from their peers.
Explanation
'Unique' begins with a consonant 'y' sound (/juː/), taking indefinite article 'A'. 'Signature style' takes indefinite article 'a': 'A unique artist often develops a signature style...'.
'Unique' की शुरुआत 'य' व्यंजन ध्वनि से होती है, इसलिए इसके पूर्व 'A' आएगा और 'signature style' के पूर्व भी 'a' आएगा।
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1194📚General English & ComprehensionReading Comprehension
What is one of the primary reasons for the increasing vulnerability of networks in today's digital landscape?
Explanation
According to the passage, 'The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has expanded the attack surface by making networks more susceptible to unauthorized access.'
गद्यांश के अनुसार IoT उपकरणों के प्रसार ने नेटवर्क को अनधिकृत पहुंच के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील बना दिया है।
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1195📚General English & ComprehensionCybersecurity & Vocabulary
In the context of cybersecurity, what does the term 'social engineering' refer to?
Explanation
Social engineering in cybersecurity refers to the psychological manipulation of human individuals to trick them into divulging sensitive passwords, credentials, or confidential information.
सोशल इंजीनियरिंग (Social engineering) का अर्थ लोगों को मनोवैज्ञानिक रूप से बरगलाकर उनसे गोपनीय जानकारी प्राप्त करना है।
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1196📚General English & ComprehensionSentence Completion & Fill in Blanks
Choose the pair of words that will make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.
The facilitator _____ the advantages of collaborative tasks to _____ learners teamwork skills.
Explanation
'The facilitator emphasized the advantages of collaborative tasks to enhance learners teamwork skills' is idiomatic and grammatically precise.
सही युग्म 'emphasized, enhance' है (सुविधाकर्ता ने कौशल को बढ़ाने के लिए लाभों पर बल दिया)।
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1197📚General English & ComprehensionHomophones & Vocabulary
Fill in the blank using suitable homophones:
Despite the _____ remarks made by the coach, the athlete continued to train hard and developed a _____ on her hand by gripping the weights.
Explanation
'Callous' (adjective) means insensitive, unfeeling, or harsh. 'Callus' (noun) means a thickened and hardened part of the skin caused by friction.
'Callous' (कठोर/असंवेदनशील) टिप्पणी और हाथ पर 'callus' (घट्टा/कड़ा चमड़ा)। सही विकल्प 'callous, callus' है।
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1198📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic MathematicsSquares and Square Roots
A boy wanted to think of a large perfect square and guessed the number 98,765. However, it turned out that 98,765 is not a perfect square. Help him find the perfect square closest to 98,765.
Explanation
98765314.269\sqrt{98765} \approx 314.269.
- 3142=98,596314^2 = 98,596 (difference = 9876598596=16998765 - 98596 = 169)
- 3152=99,225315^2 = 99,225 (difference = 9922598765=46099225 - 98765 = 460).
The closest perfect square is 3142=98596314^2 = 98596.
98765314.27\sqrt{98765} \approx 314.273142=98,596314^2 = 98,596 (अंतर 169) और 3152=99,225315^2 = 99,225 (अंतर 460)। निकटतम पूर्ण वर्ग 98596 है।
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1199📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryKirchhoff's Laws (KCL & KVL)
Which of the following statements about Kirchhoff's first and second law is NOT correct?
Explanation
Statement B is incorrect: Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL, First Law) is universally applicable to any electrical junction or node in any network (linear, non-linear, AC, DC, capacitive, inductive, or resistive).
कथन B गलत है क्योंकि KCL (पहला नियम) सभी प्रकार के परिपथों और जंक्शनों पर लागू होता है, न कि केवल प्रतिरोधक घटकों पर।
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1200📚Electrical Safety, Earthing & InstallationGrounding vs Earthing
Which statement correctly differentiates between grounding and earthing in electrical systems?
Explanation
Earthing connects non-current carrying metallic equipment enclosures directly to ground for personnel safety against shock, whereas Grounding provides a zero-potential reference point (such as neutral grounding) for system balancing.
अर्थिंग उपकरणों के धातु ढांचे को जमीन से जोड़ती है ताकि शॉक से बचा जा सके, जबकि ग्राउंडिंग सिस्टम के लाइव हिस्से (जैसे न्यूट्रल) को जोड़कर संदर्भ बिंदु प्रदान करती है।
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1201📚Magnetic Circuits & ElectromagnetismHard vs Soft Magnetic Materials
Which of the following statements are NOT correct regarding Hard Magnets?
Explanation
Statement B is incorrect: Hard magnetic materials have a LARGE hysteresis loop area, HIGH coercivity, and HIGH retentivity (making them ideal for permanent magnets). Soft magnetic materials have small loop areas.
कथन B गलत है क्योंकि कठोर चुंबकीय पदार्थों (Hard magnets) का हिस्टैरिसीस लूप क्षेत्रफल, धारणशीलता (Retentivity) और निग्राहिता (Coercivity) अत्यधिक उच्च होते हैं।
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1202📚Electrical Maintenance & Machine OverhaulMachinery Lubrication & Cooling
How does lubrication help in temperature management within machinery?
Explanation
Lubricating oils and greases reduce friction coefficient and continuously carry away generated heat from bearing contacts, dissipating it to outer casings and cooling sumps.
स्नेहन (Lubrication) महत्वपूर्ण घटकों से गर्मी को दूर स्थानांतरित करके और घर्षण घटाकर तापमान प्रबंधन में मदद करता है।
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1203📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Yoke of DC Generator
Which of the following statements about the Yoke of the DC generator is/are correct?
1. The yoke provides a sturdy and protective outer covering for the generator.
2. It provides mechanical support and keeps the poles properly aligned.
3. It carries magnetic flux produced by the poles.
4. It is made of either cast iron or steel.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
All 4 statements are correct: The outer frame (yoke) provides outer mechanical protection (1), supports field poles (2), serves as the return magnetic flux path (3), and is manufactured from cast iron (small machines) or cast/rolled steel (large machines) (4).
सभी चारों कथन सही हैं: योक बाहरी आवरण देता है (1), पोल को सहारा देता है (2), चुंबकीय फ्लक्स ले जाता है (3), और कास्ट आयरन/स्टील का बना होता है (4)।
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1204📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)Lap vs Wave Armature Winding
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the difference between wave winding and lap winding in DC generators?
Explanation
Statement D is incorrect: Lap winding has A=PA = P parallel paths and requires additional equalizer rings/connections to balance unequal currents, making its manufacturing cost higher than wave winding (which has only 2 paths, A=2A = 2).
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि लैप वाइंडिंग में अधिक समानांतर पथ (A=PA=P) और इक्वलाइज़र रिंग्स की आवश्यकता के कारण इसकी लागत वेव वाइंडिंग से अधिक होती है।
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1205📚DC Machines (Generators & Motors)DC Motor Characteristics & Applications
Match the different types of DC Motor with their corresponding features:

| Types of DC Motor | Features |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Shunt DC Motors | 2) Constant speed and medium starting torque: ideal for lathes, fans, pumps, drills |
| ii) Series DC Motors | 3) High starting torque and variable speed: ideal for cranes, hoists, electric locomotives |
| iii) Cumulative Compound DC motors | 1) High starting torque with non-runaway speed limit: ideal for rolling mills, heavy planers |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching: i) DC Shunt Motor = constant speed machine tool drives (2); ii) DC Series Motor = heavy traction/hoists/cranes (3); iii) Cumulative Compound Motor = rolling mills/punch presses (1). Code: i-2, ii-3, iii-1.
सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-1।
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1206📚Synchronous Machines (Alternators)Damper Windings & Hunting
What is the function of the damper winding in an alternator?
Explanation
Damper (amortisseur) windings in synchronous machines suppress rotor oscillations (hunting) during load surges and damp out unbalanced negative-sequence armature reaction magnetic fields.
अल्टरनेटर में डैम्पर वाइंडिंग का मुख्य कार्य हंटिंग (Hunting) को समाप्त करना और ऋणात्मक अनुक्रम चुंबकीय क्षेत्र को दबाना है।
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1207📚Electrical Measuring InstrumentsTypes of Electrical Indicating Instruments
Match the various types of ammeter with their corresponding Functions:

| Types | Function |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Permanent Moving Coil Ammeter | 2) Measures direct current (DC) based on magnetic deflection principle |
| ii) Moving Iron Ammeter | 4) Measures both AC and DC where deflection is proportional to square of current |
| iii) Electro-Dynamometer Ammeter | 1) High-precision precision instrument for both AC and DC using dual fixed/moving coils |
| iv) Rectifier Type Ammeter | 3) Measures AC by converting to DC using diode bridge, suitable for communication circuits |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching: i) PMMC = DC only with linear scale (2); ii) Moving Iron = AC and DC rms measurements (4); iii) Electrodynamometer = Precision transfer standard for AC/DC (1); iv) Rectifier type = AC audio/RF communications (3). Code: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.
सही मिलान: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3।
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1208📚Electrical Measuring InstrumentsPower Measurement & Wattmeters
Which type of wattmeter is most commonly used for measuring power in high-voltage circuits?
Explanation
The Electrodynamometer Wattmeter (used with Instrument Transformers - CTs and PTs) is the universal industry standard for precise active power measurement across high-voltage AC and DC power networks.
इलेक्ट्रोडायनेमोमीटर प्रकार का वाटमीटर (Electrodynamometer wattmeter) उच्च वोल्टेज परिपथों में शक्ति मापने के लिए मानक रूप से उपयोग किया जाता है।
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1209📚Electrical Measuring InstrumentsTwo Wattmeter Method
In a 3-phase balanced star-connected system, Match the power factor and Phase angle of the system with the corresponding wattmeter readings of the two wattmeters:

| Power factor & Phase angle | Wattmeter Reading of two wattmeters |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) P.F. is unity (phi = 0°) | 3) W1 = W2, both positive |
| ii) 0.5 < P.F. < 1.0 (60° > phi > 0°) | 2) W1 > W2, both positive |
| iii) P.F. = 0 (phi = 90°) | 1) |W1| = |W2|, Total power is zero (W1 = +ve, W2 = -ve) |
| iv) 0 < P.F. < 0.5 (90° > phi > 60°) | 4) |W1| != |W2|, Total power is positive (W1 = +ve, W2 = -ve) |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In the two-wattmeter method:
- At unity PF (ϕ=0\phi=0^\circ): W1=W2=VLILcos30>0W_1 = W_2 = V_L I_L \cos 30^\circ > 0 (3)
- At 0.5<PF<1.00.5 < \text{PF} < 1.0 (0<ϕ<600^\circ < \phi < 60^\circ): W1>W2>0W_1 > W_2 > 0 (2)
- At zero PF (ϕ=90\phi=90^\circ): W1=W2W_1 = -W_2, net power =0= 0 (1)
- At 0<PF<0.50 < \text{PF} < 0.5 (60<ϕ<9060^\circ < \phi < 90^\circ): W1>0W_1 > 0 and W2<0W_2 < 0, net power >0> 0 (4).
Correct code: i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4.
दो-वाटमीटर विधि: यूनिटी PF पर W1=W2W_1 = W_2 दोनों धनात्मक (3); 0.5<PF<10.5<\text{PF}<1 पर W1>W2W_1 > W_2 दोनों धनात्मक (2); PF=0\text{PF}=0 पर W1=W2W_1 = -W_2 (1); PF<0.5\text{PF}<0.5 पर एक ऋणात्मक (4)। सही विकल्प C है।
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1210📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsOperating System Kernel & Functions
In an operating system, what is the primary role of a kernel?
Explanation
The kernel is the foundational core of an Operating System that manages system hardware resources (CPU, RAM, I/O devices) and provides a secure abstraction bridge for user application programs.
ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में कर्नेल (Kernel) कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर और सॉफ्टवेयर अनुप्रयोगों के बीच मुख्य सेतु (Bridge) के रूप में कार्य करता है।
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1211📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsInternet Protocols (HTTP, FTP, DNS, DHCP)
Match List I with List II:

| List I | List II |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) HTTP | 2) Used for transferring web pages over the internet |
| ii) FTP | 1) Used for transferring files between computers on a network |
| iii) DNS | 4) Translates domain names into IP addresses |
| iv) DHCP | 3) Automatically assigns unique IP addresses to devices on a network |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching:
- i) HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol for web pages (2)
- ii) FTP: File Transfer Protocol for file transfers (1)
- iii) DNS: Domain Name System translating domain names to IP addresses (4)
- iv) DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically leasing IP configurations (3).
Correct code: i-2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-3.
सही मिलान: HTTP (2), FTP (1), DNS (4), DHCP (3)। सही विकल्प D है।
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1212📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsEmail Clients & CLI Utilities
Which of the following is a text-based email client?
Explanation
Pine (Program for Internet News and Email, along with Alpine and Mutt) is a classic terminal text-based email client for Unix/Linux systems.
Pine (या Alpine/Mutt) यूनिक्स और लिनक्स के लिए एक प्रसिद्ध टेक्स्ट-आधारित (CLI) ईमेल क्लाइंट है।
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1213📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsSmart Consumer Electronics & IoT
What distinguishes a smart TV from a regular LED TV?
Explanation
A Smart TV features an integrated operating system (such as Android TV, Tizen, webOS) with built-in Wi-Fi/Ethernet to stream media and run internet software applications directly.
स्मार्ट टीवी में अंतर्निहित इंटरनेट कनेक्टिविटी (Wi-Fi) और ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम होता है, जिससे यह ऐप और ऑनलाइन स्ट्रीमिंग चला सकता है।
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1214📚Knowledge of Computers & IT ApplicationsInternet Services vs Hardware Firmware
Which of these is NOT an internet service?
Explanation
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) setup is a local non-volatile firmware interface embedded on the computer motherboard ROM/flash chip to initialize hardware during POST, entirely independent of internet services.
BIOS सेटअप मदरबोर्ड की स्थानीय फर्मवेयर प्रणाली है, यह कोई इंटरनेट सेवा नहीं है।
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1215📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLQuery Processing & Optimization Steps
Arrange the following steps in query processing in the correct order:
1. Query Optimization
2. Query Parsing
3. Execution Plan Generation
4. Query Execution

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
DBMS Query Processing Pipeline:
1. Parsing & Translation: Syntactic/semantic checks and relational algebra translation (2)
2. Query Optimization: Cost-based evaluation of query trees (1)
3. Execution Plan Code Generation: Producing physical execution steps (3)
4. Query Execution: Evaluating the plan by the query execution engine (4).
Order: 2 → 1 → 3 → 4.
क्वेरी प्रोसेसिंग का सही क्रम: पार्सिंग (2) → ऑप्टिमाइजेशन (1) → निष्पादन योजना जनरेशन (3) → निष्पादन (4)। अतः 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 सही है।
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1216📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLCandidate Keys & Functional Dependencies
A table has 5 attributes. If the table is in 1NF, how many candidate keys can it have?
Explanation
The number of candidate keys is determined by the functional dependencies (FDs) between attributes, which varies from 1 up to many combinations depending on the relation's semantic schema.
कैंडिडेट कुंजियों की संख्या तालिका की कार्यात्मक निर्भरता (Functional dependencies) और स्कीमा पर निर्भर करती है।
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1217📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLDatabase Indexing Pros & Cons
Which of the following are advantages of indexing in a database?
1. Improves query performance
2. Reduces storage requirements
3. Increases the speed of updates and inserts
4. Enables faster retrieval of rows

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Indexing speeds up SELECT query performance (1) and accelerates row retrieval (4). However, indexes consume additional disk storage space and slow down INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations because the index tree must be updated.
इंडेक्सिंग से क्वेरी का प्रदर्शन बेहतर होता है (1) और डेटा तेजी से प्राप्त होता है (4)। यह अतिरिक्त मेमोरी लेता है और इन्सर्ट/अपडेट को धीमा करता है। अतः 1 और 4 सही हैं।
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1218📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLSQL DML Commands
Match the following SQL commands with their purposes:

| SQL Command | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. SELECT | 1. Retrieve data |
| ii. INSERT | 2. Add new rows |
| iii. UPDATE | 3. Modify existing data |
| iv. DELETE | 4. Remove data |

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching: SELECT retrieves data (1); INSERT adds new rows (2); UPDATE modifies existing tuples (3); DELETE removes specified rows (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।
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1219📚Database Management Systems (DBMS) & SQLSQL Fundamentals
What does SQL stand for?
Explanation
SQL stands for Structured Query Language, the standard domain-specific language used for managing data held in relational database management systems.
SQL का पूर्ण रूप 'Structured Query Language' (स्ट्रक्चर्ड क्वेरी लैंग्वेज) है।
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1220📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsHTTP vs HTTPS Protocols
Which of the following statements about HTTP and HTTPS are correct?
1. HTTP sends data in plain text, whereas HTTPS encrypts data
2. HTTPS requires an SSL/TLS certificate
3. HTTPS operates on port 443, whereas HTTP operates on port 80
4. HTTPS is faster than HTTP because of encryption

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because TLS cryptographic handshake and encryption/decryption add a slight computational latency overhead, making HTTPS slightly more resource-intensive than unencrypted HTTP.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि एन्क्रिप्शन के कारण HTTPS में मामूली अतिरिक्त समय (Overhead) लगता है। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।
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1221📚C Programming & Data StructuresAVL Trees & Balance Factor
Which of the following statements about AVL trees are correct?
1. AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees
2. AVL trees allow duplicate elements
3. The balance factor of any node in an AVL tree is either -1, 0, or 1
4. Insertion in an AVL tree may require rebalancing

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Standard AVL trees enforce strict BST uniqueness (statement 2 is false). The balance factor (hlefthrighth_{left} - h_{right}) must strictly remain in {1,0,+1}\{-1, 0, +1\}, and insertions violating this trigger tree rotations (LL, RR, LR, RL).
कथन 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं। AVL ट्री ऊंचाई-संतुलित BST होते हैं (1), इनका बैलेंस फैक्टर -1, 0, या 1 होता है (3), और इंसर्शन पर रोटेशन से पुनर्संतुलन की आवश्यकता हो सकती है (4)।
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1222📚C Programming & Data StructuresBinary Search Tree Time Complexities
What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree (BST)?
Explanation
In a balanced BST (like AVL or Red-Black Tree), the height is guaranteed to be O(logn)O(\log n), making search, insertion, and deletion operations O(logn)O(\log n).
संतुलित बाइनरी सर्च ट्री (Balanced BST) में खोज की समय जटिलता O(logn)O(\log n) होती है।
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1223📚C Programming & Data StructuresBinary Search Tree Deletion
Arrange the following steps for deleting a node from a binary search tree (BST) in the correct order:
1. Find the node to be deleted
2. Replace the node with its in-order successor if it has two children
3. Delete the node if it has no children or one child
4. Rebalance the tree if necessary

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
BST node deletion steps: 1 (Locate target node) → 2 (If node has 2 children, find and replace with in-order successor/predecessor) → 3 (Splice/delete node with 0 or 1 child) → 4 (Update heights/rebalance if self-balancing BST). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
BST नोड डिलीशन का सही क्रम: नोड खोजना (1) → 2 बच्चे होने पर इन-ऑर्डर सक्सेसर से बदलना (2) → 0 या 1 बच्चे वाले नोड को हटाना (3) → पुनर्संतुलन (4)। क्रम: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4।
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1224📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsTCP/IP Model Layers
In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for process-to-process communication?
Explanation
The Transport Layer (TCP/UDP) utilizes port numbers to provide end-to-end process-to-process communication between software applications running on distinct network hosts.
TCP/IP मॉडल में ट्रांसपोर्ट लेयर (Transport Layer - TCP/UDP) पोर्ट नंबरों के माध्यम से प्रोसेस-टू-प्रोसेस संचार प्रदान करती है।
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1225📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsNetwork Devices (Router, Switch, Hub, Firewall)
Match the following networking devices with their purposes:

| Device | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Router | 1. Forward packets based on IP addresses |
| ii. Switch | 2. Forward frames based on MAC addresses |
| iii. Hub | 3. Broadcasts data to all connected devices |
| iv. Firewall | 4. Controls incoming and outgoing traffic |

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching: Router = Layer 3 IP routing (1); Switch = Layer 2 MAC frame filtering (2); Hub = Layer 1 physical multi-port repeater broadcasting to all ports (3); Firewall = network security packet inspection (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।
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1226📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsWeb Browsers & Client vs Server Architecture
Which of the following statements about web browsers are correct?
1. A browser renders HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
2. A browser sends HTTP/HTTPS requests to servers
3. A browser is responsible for executing server-side scripts
4. Popular browsers include Chrome, Firefox, and Safari

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because web browsers are client-side software; server-side scripts (PHP, Node.js, ASP.NET, Python) execute exclusively on the remote web server. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि सर्वर-साइड स्क्रिप्ट्स वेब सर्वर पर निष्पादित होती हैं, ब्राउज़र पर नहीं।
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1227📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsAddress Resolution Protocol (ARP)
What is the purpose of the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?
Explanation
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps a known 32-bit Logical IP address to a physical 48-bit Ethernet MAC hardware address within a local area network.
ARP का मुख्य कार्य लॉजिकल IP एड्रेस को फिजिकल MAC एड्रेस (हार्डवेयर पता) में बदलना है।
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1228📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsNetwork Delays & Transmission Calculations
What will be the total time required to transmit a 1,000-byte file over a 1 Mbps link with a latency of 10 ms?
Explanation
Transmission delay:
Ttrans=File SizeBandwidth=1000×8 bits106 bits/s=8×103 s=8 msT_{\text{trans}} = \frac{\text{File Size}}{\text{Bandwidth}} = \frac{1000 \times 8\text{ bits}}{10^6\text{ bits/s}} = 8 \times 10^{-3}\text{ s} = 8\text{ ms}
Total Latency/Time = Transmission Delay + Propagation Delay = 8 ms+10 ms=18 ms8\text{ ms} + 10\text{ ms} = 18\text{ ms}.
ट्रांसमिशन समय =1000×8106=8= \frac{1000 \times 8}{10^6} = 8 ms। कुल समय =8 ms+10 ms=18= 8\text{ ms} + 10\text{ ms} = 18 ms।
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1229📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsTCP Protocol Architecture & Features
Which of the following are features of the TCP protocol?
1. Connection-oriented
2. Reliable data transfer
3. Flow control
4. Low overhead compared to UDP

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
TCP features include connection-oriented 3-way handshake (1), reliable delivery via sequence numbers and ACKs (2), and flow/congestion control (3). Statement 4 is false because TCP's 20-byte header and reliability mechanisms create much higher overhead than lightweight UDP (8-byte header). Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
TCP कनेक्शन-ओरिएंटेड है (1), विश्वसनीय डेटा ट्रांसफर करता है (2), और फ्लो कंट्रोल प्रदान करता है (3)। UDP की तुलना में TCP का ओवरहेड अधिक होता है। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।
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1230📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsApplication Layer Protocols
Match the following protocols with their primary purposes:

| Protocol | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. HTTP | 1. Transfer web pages |
| ii. FTP | 2. Transfer files between systems |
| iii. SMTP | 3. Send email |
| iv. ICMP | 4. Network diagnostics |

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching: HTTP = web page delivery (1); FTP = file transfer (2); SMTP = email transmission (3); ICMP = ping/traceroute network error diagnostics (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।
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1231📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsStandard Network Port Numbers
What is the default port number for HTTPS?
Explanation
Standard port numbers: HTTP = 80, FTP = 21, SMTP = 25, HTTPS (HTTP over TLS/SSL) = 443.
HTTPS का डिफ़ॉल्ट पोर्ट नंबर 443 होता है (HTTP का पोर्ट 80 होता है)।
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1232📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Which of the following statements about UDP are correct?
1. UDP is connectionless
2. UDP is faster than TCP
3. UDP provides error correction
4. UDP is used for real-time applications like video streaming

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because UDP has no retransmission or error correction mechanisms (it offers only basic optional error detection via checksum). Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि UDP में एरर करेक्शन या पुनः प्रसारण की सुविधा नहीं होती। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।
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1233📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsOSI Hierarchy Top-to-Bottom
Arrange the following layers of the OSI model in order from top to bottom:
1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Data Link Layer

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
OSI Layers from Top (Layer 7) to Bottom (Layer 1):
1. Application Layer (Layer 7)
2. Transport Layer (Layer 4)
3. Network Layer (Layer 3)
4. Data Link Layer (Layer 2).
Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
शीर्ष से नीचे (Top to bottom) OSI परतों का क्रम: एप्लीकेशन लेयर (1) → ट्रांसपोर्ट लेयर (2) → नेटवर्क लेयर (3) → डेटा लिंक लेयर (4)। सही क्रम 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 है।
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1234📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsHTTP Cookies & Client-Side Storage
Which of the following statements about cookies in web development are correct?
1. Cookies are used to store user data on the client-side
2. Cookies have an expiration date
3. Cookies cannot be accessed by JavaScript
4. Cookies are sent with every HTTP request

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because client-side JavaScript can read/write cookies via `document.cookie` (unless the `HttpOnly` flag is set). Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि जावास्क्रिप्ट `document.cookie` के माध्यम से कुकीज को एक्सेस कर सकता है (जब तक HttpOnly न हो)। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।
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1235📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)JVM vs .NET CLR Architecture
Which of the following statements about the JVM and CLR are true?
Explanation
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) executes Java Bytecode (`.class` files), whereas CLR (Common Language Runtime in .NET) executes Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL / CIL).
JVM जावा बाइटकोड निष्पादित करता है जबकि .NET का CLR माइक्रोसॉफ्ट इंटरमीडिएट लैंग्वेज (MSIL) को निष्पादित करता है।
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1236📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)Core Java Features
Which of the following statements about Java features are true?
1. Java is platform-independent
2. Java uses a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler
3. Java does not support multithreading
4. Java is an object-oriented programming language

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are true. Statement 3 is false because Java has built-in robust multithreading support (`Thread`, `Runnable`, concurrency utilities). Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि जावा में मल्टीथ्रेडिंग का अंतर्निहित समर्थन होता है।
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1237📚Object Oriented Programming (C++, Java, C#)C# Using Statement & IDisposable
Which of the following are true about the using statement in C#?
1. It ensures the object is disposed of after use.
2. It is only used for importing namespaces
3. It helps manage unmanaged resources like file handles
4. It can be used to simplify code related to IDisposable objects

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
The `using(...)` statement wraps `IDisposable` objects in a `try-finally` block ensuring `.Dispose()` is called to release unmanaged OS resources (1, 3, 4). Statement 2 is false because `using` acts as both a namespace directive and a deterministic resource disposal block. Thus, 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
C# में `using` स्टेटमेंट `IDisposable` ऑब्जेक्ट्स के लिए स्वतः `.Dispose()` कॉल करता है और अनमैनेज्ड संसाधनों का प्रबंधन करता है (1, 3, 4)। अतः 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं।
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1238📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsASP.NET State Management & Architecture
Match the following ASP.NET features with their purposes:

| Feature | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. ViewState | 1. Maintain state across postbacks |
| ii. Master Pages | 2. Provide a consistent layout |
| iii. Web API | 3. Build RESTful services |
| iv. Session | 4. Store user-specific data |

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching: ViewState = page-level state persistence across round-trip postbacks (1); Master Pages = consistent master layout template (2); Web API = HTTP RESTful endpoints (3); Session State = user-specific server-side storage (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।
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1239📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsASP.NET Web Forms Framework
Which of the following statements about ASP.NET Web Forms are correct?
1. It uses an event-driven programming model.
2. It is part of the .NET Framework
3. It supports server-side controls
4. It does not support AJAX

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because ASP.NET Web Forms has full AJAX support via `ScriptManager`, `UpdatePanel`, and the ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि ASP.NET वेब फॉर्म्स AJAX (UpdatePanel) का पूर्ण समर्थन करता है। अतः 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं।
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1240📚Web Technologies & Internet ProtocolsEmail Protocols (SMTP vs IMAP/POP3)
Which of the following protocols is used to send email?
Explanation
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, port 25/587) is used for pushing/sending outgoing email messages between mail servers and clients. POP3 and IMAP are used for retrieving email.
ईमेल भेजने के लिए SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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1241📚Software Engineering & SDLCSDLC Models
Which of the following models is not a part of software development life cycle (SDLC)?
Explanation
Waterfall, Spiral, Agile, RAD, V-Model, and Prototype are established SDLC models. 'Assembly Line Model' is an industrial manufacturing concept, not an SDLC process model.
वॉटरफॉल, स्पाइरल और एजाइल सभी SDLC मॉडल हैं। 'Assembly Line Model' कोई सॉफ्टवेयर विकास मॉडल नहीं है।
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1242📚Software Engineering & SDLCAgile Manifesto & Methodology
Which of the following statements about Agile methodology are correct?
1. Agile focuses on iterative development
2. Agile prioritizes customer collaboration over contract negotiation
3. Agile uses a fixed timeline for all phases
4. Agile values responding to change over following a plan

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 align directly with the Agile Manifesto: iterative sprints (1), customer collaboration (2), and responding to change (4). Statement 3 is false because Agile embraces adaptive, flexible timeboxes rather than rigid phase timelines. Thus, 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं (पुनरावृत्ति विकास, ग्राहक सहयोग, और बदलाव के प्रति अनुकूलता)। कथन 3 गलत है। अतः 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं।
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1243📚Operating Systems & System SoftwareMemory Management & Relocation
Which of the following memory management techniques does not support relocation?
Explanation
Static Contiguous Allocation (Fixed Partitioning without base/limit relocation hardware) binds memory at compile/load time and does not support dynamic relocation, unlike Paging, Segmentation, and Virtual Memory.
स्टैटिक कॉन्टिगुअस एलोकेशन (Contiguous Allocation) में डायनेमिक रीलोकेशन का समर्थन नहीं होता है।
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1244📚Operating Systems & System SoftwareOS Synchronization & Memory Concepts
Match the following OS concepts with their purposes:

| Concept | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Semaphore | 1. Synchronize access to shared resources |
| ii. Virtual Memory | 2. Simulates more memory than physically available |
| iii. Thrashing | 3. Excessive paging reduces performance |
| iv. Mutex | 4. Exclusive access to critical sections |

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching: Semaphore = signaling synchronization primitive (1); Virtual Memory = disk-backed extended address space (2); Thrashing = page fault collapse where CPU spends more time paging than executing (3); Mutex = mutual exclusion lock (4). Code: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
सही मिलान: i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4।
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1245📚Operating Systems & System SoftwareFile System Layered Architecture
Arrange the following layers of a file system in the correct order (from user level to disk level):
1. Application Programs
2. File Organization Module
3. Logical File System
4. Physical File System

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
File System Architecture from User level (Top) to Disk level (Bottom):
1. Application Programs (User level) (1)
2. Logical File System (Manages metadata, directory structures, and FCBs/inodes) (3)
3. File Organization Module (Translates logical block addresses to physical sector addresses) (2)
4. Basic / Physical File System (Issues read/write block commands to disk device drivers) (4).
Correct Order: 1 → 3 → 2 → 4.
फाइल सिस्टम परतों का शीर्ष (यूजर) से तल (डिस्क) तक सही क्रम: एप्लिकेशन प्रोग्राम (1) → लॉजिकल फाइल सिस्टम (3) → फाइल ऑर्गनाइजेशन मॉड्यूल (2) → बेसिक/फिजिकल फाइल सिस्टम (4)। सही क्रम 1 → 3 → 2 → 4 है।
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1246📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KDogri Language & Takri Script
Which script is similar to the "Dogri" language of Jammu?
Explanation
Takri (or Takirilipi / Tankri) is the historic native script of the Dogri language and western Pahari dialects of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh.
डोगरी भाषा की ऐतिहासिक मूल लिपि 'टाकरी लिपि' (Takirilipi) है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1247📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KFairs & Festivals of J&K
Poor Mandal Mela is generally celebrated on which occasion?
Explanation
The famous Purmandal Mela (Chhota Kashi) on the banks of Devika river in Samba/Jammu is celebrated on the auspicious occasion of Maha Shivratri.
पुरमंडल मेला (Purmandal Mela) जम्मू के सांबा जिले में महाशिवरात्रि (Shivratri) के पावन पर्व पर आयोजित किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1248📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KWind Instruments Anatomy
How many holes are there in a wind instrument?
Explanation
Traditional Kashmiri woodwind instruments (like the Kashmiri Bansuri or Swarnay) typically feature 8 tone holes (7 finger holes plus 1 thumb/tuning hole).
पारंपरिक सुषिर वाद्य (सुरीली बांसुरी/शहनाई) में आमतौर पर 8 छिद्र (Holes) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1249📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KChakri Music & Instruments
With which folk music is the "Nat-Ghat" instrument used?
Explanation
Nat-Ghat (or Nout, clay pot idiophone) is the foundational rhythmic percussion instrument played in traditional Kashmiri 'Chakkari' (Chakri) musical performances.
नट-घट (घड़ा/नोत) का उपयोग कश्मीरी लोक संगीत 'चकरी' (Chakkari) में किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1250📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KKashmiri Santoor Structure
How many string are there in Kashmiri "Santoor"?
Explanation
The classical Kashmiri Santoor (derived from ancient Sanskrit Shatatantri Veena) has exactly 100 metal strings stretched across 25 bridges (4 strings per bridge).
कश्मीरी संतूर (शततंत्री वीणा) में कुल 100 तार (Strings) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1251📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KFolklore & Romances of Kashmir
Which among the following is the famous love story associated with Kashmir folklore?
Explanation
Yusuf-Zulekha (composed into Kashmiri Masnavi by Mahmud Gami) and Himal-Nagrai / Heemal-Nagrai are the legendary romantic folklore epics of Kashmir.
कश्मीरी लोक साहित्य और मसनवी में 'यूसुफ-जुलेखा' (Yusuf-Zulekha) एक अमर प्रेम कथा है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1252📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KWanwun Folk Singing
Wanwun is a form of folk song generally sung on which of the following occasions:
Explanation
Wanwun (Vanvun) is a rhythmic choral wedding song sung exclusively by women during marriage festivities across both Kashmiri Muslim and Kashmiri Pandit traditions.
'वानवुन' (Wanwun) कश्मीर में विवाह (Wedding) के मांगलिक अवसरों पर महिलाओं द्वारा गाया जाने वाला लोक गीत है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1253📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KLohri Celebrations in Jammu
What dance is performed during the "Lohri" festival in Jammu?
Explanation
During Lohri, boys and men in Jammu perform vibrant Dogri and Bharo folk dances alongside Chajja performances.
लोहड़ी पर्व पर जम्मू में 'डोगरी नृत्य और भारो नृत्य' प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1254📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KLohri Dances of Jammu
Which dance is performed on Lohri festival in Jammu?
Explanation
Chhez (along with Chajja dance) is a celebrated Lohri folk performance in Jammu.
लोहड़ी पर्व पर जम्मू में 'छेज' (Chhez) / छज्जा नृत्य किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1255📚Indian Culture & Traditions16 Vedic Sanskars & Rituals
Match the correct order of rituals:

1. Pansuwan — ii. Garbhdan Sanaskar
2. Chudakaran — i. Mundan Sanaskar
3. Nishkraman — iii. Shishu Sanaskar
4. Upnayan — iv. Janeyu Dharan Sanaskar

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Matching Hindu Sanskaras: 1. Pumsavana = prenatal rite (ii); 2. Chudakarana = tonsure / Mundan (i); 3. Nishkramana = taking infant outdoors (iii); 4. Upanayana = sacred thread / Janeyu (iv). Code: 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv.
सही मिलान: 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1256📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsElectronic Harmoniums
Which of the following is a feature of a Korg Harmonium:
Explanation
Electronic synthesizers/keyboards (like Korg electronic harmoniums) are powered by electricity and generate digital sound samples without manual air bellows.
कॉर्ग (Korg) इलेक्ट्रॉनिक हारमोनियम बिजली से चलता है और इसमें डिजिटल प्री-रिकॉर्डेड ध्वनियां होती हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1257📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyThree Saptaks (Mandra, Madhya, Taar)
Which of the following notes is most commonly found in the Madhya Saptak?
Explanation
Madhya Saptak is the middle octave where notes have a natural moderate pitch comfortable for human vocalization without extreme highs or lows.
मध्य सप्तक (Madhya Saptak) में मध्यम पिच (Moderate Pitch) वाले प्राकृतिक स्वर पाए जाते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1258📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTaar Saptak Range
Which octave contains the highest range of notes in Indian classical music?
Explanation
The three saptaks are: Mandra Saptak (lower octave), Madhya Saptak (middle octave), and Taar Saptak (higher/highest pitch octave, denoted by a dot above the note: S˙\dot{\text{S}}).
भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में सबसे ऊँचे स्वरों वाला सप्तक 'तार सप्तक' (Taar Saptak) कहलाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1259📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTaal in Performance
Which of the following elements in performance is crucial for both the percussionist and the vocalist to maintain rhythmic coherence in a composition?
Explanation
Taal provides the recurring cyclical time-metric framework that synchronizes the vocalist, instrumentalist, and tabla player during a performance.
गायक और तबला वादक के बीच लयबद्ध तालमेल बनाए रखने के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण तत्व 'ताल' (Taal) है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1260📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsPiano Octave Range
How many octaves does the standard 88 keys Piano span ?
Explanation
A standard modern 88-key piano keyboard spans 7 complete octaves plus a minor third (from A0 to C8).
मानक 88 कुंजियों वाला पियानो 7 सप्तक (7 octaves) और कुछ अतिरिक्त कुंजियों में फैला होता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1261📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTaal Keherwa Matras
Keherwa is composed of how many beats:
Explanation
Taal Keherwa is an 8-beat (8 Matra) rhythm composed of 2 divisions of 4 beats each (Dha Ge Na Tin / Na Ke Dhin Na).
कहरवा ताल कुल 8 मात्राओं (8 Beats) से बनी होती है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1262📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsSemitones in an Octave
How many semitones are there in an octave in the twelve tone equal temperament system?
Explanation
The twelve-tone equal temperament scale divides an octave into exactly 12 semitones.
12-टोन इक्वल टेम्परामेंट प्रणाली में एक सप्तक में 12 अर्धस्वर (12 Semi-tones) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1263📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyThree Saptaks in Indian Music
How many types of octaves are there in Indian Classical Music?
Explanation
Indian classical music recognizes 3 primary Saptaks (octaves): Mandra Saptak (low), Madhya Saptak (middle), and Taar Saptak (high).
भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में मुख्य रूप से 3 सप्तक होते हैं: मन्द्र, मध्य, और तार सप्तक।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1264📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTeentaal Structure
Teentaal consists of how many beats?
Explanation
Teentaal is the most famous 16-beat (16 Matra) cycle, structured into 4 vibhags of 4 beats each (4+4+4+4) with claps on 1, 5, 13 and khali on 9.
तीनताल में कुल 16 मात्राएं होती हैं (4-4 मात्राओं के 4 विभाग)।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1265📚Art, Culture & Heritage of J&KLadishah Satire & Dahara
Which musical instrument is used in "Ladishah Songs"?
Explanation
Ladishah (the traditional Kashmiri wandering satirist and minstrel) plays the 'Dahara' (an iron rod with loose ringing brass rings that jingle rhythmically in hand).
कश्मीर के लड़ीशाह (व्यंग्य गायक) पारंपरिक रूप से 'डहारा' (Dahara - लोहे की छड़ जिस पर छल्ले होते हैं) बजाते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1266📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsHarmonium Pitch Range
Which Instrument has a sound range that spans multiple octaves but with a focus on the lower octave?
Explanation
The Indian Harmonium spans 3 to 3.5 octaves, with primary vocal accompaniment centered heavily on the lower (Mandra) and middle (Madhya) octaves.
हारमोनियम की सीमा 3 से 3.5 सप्तक होती है जिसका मुख्य उपयोग निचले (मन्द्र) और मध्य सप्तक पर केंद्रित होता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1267📚Harmonium & Musical AcousticsHarmonium Bellows & Dynamics
Which feature of harmonium is used to control the volume of the sound produced?
Explanation
The manual Air Pump (bellows) controls the air pressure delivered to the wind chest, directly regulating volume and dynamics.
हारमोनियम में ध्वनि की तीव्रता/वॉल्यूम को 'एयर पंप' (धौंकनी / Bellows) के दबाव द्वारा नियंत्रित किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1268📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologyTaal Khemta Claps & Divisions
How many divisions and claps are there in "Khemta Taal"?
Explanation
In 6-beat Taal Khemta (3+3), there are 2 Divisions (vibhags), 1 Clap (Taali on beat 1), and 1 Khali on beat 4.
6 मात्रा वाली खेमटा ताल में 2 विभाग (Divisions) और 1 ताली (1 Clap) होती है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1269📚Indian Classical Music & Musicology7 Shuddha Swaras
How many "Shuddha Notes" are present in Saptak?
Explanation
A Saptak contains exactly 7 Shuddha (natural pure) notes: Shadaj (Sa), Rishabh (Re), Gandhar (Ga), Madhyam (Ma), Pancham (Pa), Dhaivat (Dha), and Nishad (Ni).
सप्तक में 7 शुद्ध स्वर (सा, रे, ग, म, प, ध, नि) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1270📚Indian Classical Music & MusicologySaptak & Octave Notes
How many notes constitute an octave?
Explanation
In music theory, an octave (Saptak) is constituted of 7 natural diatonic notes (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni) before reaching the duplicated 8th tonic note.
एक सप्तक में 7 मुख्य प्राकृतिक स्वर (सा, रे, ग, म, प, ध, नि) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
1271📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyThermal Radiation & Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Rate of transfer of energy by radiation can be increased by:
Explanation
According to the Stefan-Boltzmann Law (E=ϵσAT4E = \epsilon \sigma A T^4), the radiant energy emission rate is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute surface temperature (T4T^4).
स्टीफन-बोल्ट्जमैन नियम (ET4E \propto T^4) के अनुसार, सतह का तापमान बढ़ाने से विकिरण द्वारा ऊर्जा स्थानांतरण की दर तेजी से बढ़ती है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1272📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyDosimetry Phantoms
A phantom that simulate various body tissues is called:
Explanation
An anthropomorphic phantom (such as the Rando phantom) is anatomically modeled to simulate human body contours and contains tissue-equivalent materials mimicking bone, lung, muscle, and soft tissue inhomogeneities.
मानव शरीर की शारीरिक संरचना और विभिन्न ऊतकों का अनुकरण करने वाले फैंटम को 'एंथ्रोपोमोर्फिक फैंटम' (Anthropomorphic phantoms) कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1273📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyRadioactive Equilibria (Secular vs Transient)
What Kind of radioactive equilibrium can occur when a very long live radionuclide decays to very short lived one?
Explanation
Secular equilibrium occurs when the parent half-life is vastly greater than the daughter half-life (TparentTdaughterT_{\text{parent}} \gg T_{\text{daughter}}, e.g. 226Ra222Rn^{226}\text{Ra} → {}^{222}\text{Rn}), so the parent activity does not decrease noticeably over many daughter half-lives.
जब मूल रेडियोन्यूक्लाइड का अर्धायु काल संतति न्यूक्लाइड से अत्यधिक लंबा होता है (T1T2T_1 \gg T_2), तो 'सेक्युलर साम्यावस्था' (Secular equilibrium) स्थापित होती है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1274📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyRadioactive Decay Law Calculations
How many mCi of a radioactive radioisotope (T1/2 = 2.7 days) are required so that the samples activity will be 10mCi 24 hrs later?
Explanation
Decay constant λ=0.693T1/2=0.6932.7 days=0.2567 day1\lambda = \frac{0.693}{T_{1/2}} = \frac{0.693}{2.7\text{ days}} = 0.2567\text{ day}^{-1}.
Time elapsed t=24 hrs=1.0 dayt = 24\text{ hrs} = 1.0\text{ day}.
A(t)=A0eλt    A0=A(t)eλt=10 mCie0.2567=100.773612.93 mCi.A(t) = A_0 e^{-\lambda t} \implies A_0 = \frac{A(t)}{e^{-\lambda t}} = \frac{10\text{ mCi}}{e^{-0.2567}} = \frac{10}{0.7736} \approx 12.93\text{ mCi}.
क्षय समीकरण: A(t)=A0eλtA(t) = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}t=1t = 1 दिन और T1/2=2.7T_{1/2} = 2.7 दिन रखने पर A0=10e0.256712.93 mCiA_0 = \frac{10}{e^{-0.2567}} \approx 12.93\text{ mCi}
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1275📚Dosimetry & Quality AssuranceAcceptance Testing vs Commissioning
What is the difference between acceptance testing and commissioning of equipment?
Explanation
Acceptance testing verifies that the newly installed machine meets vendor purchase contractual specifications using a limited baseline dataset. Commissioning is the comprehensive clinical dataset acquisition (PDD, beam profiles, output factors) required for clinical treatment planning.
स्वीकृति परीक्षण (Acceptance testing) विक्रेता के विनिर्देशों की पुष्टि हेतु सीमित डेटासेट चलाता है, जबकि कमीशनिंग क्लिनिकल उपयोग हेतु व्यापक डेटा संग्रह करता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1276📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyBrachytherapy Source Fabrication
In interstitial therapy, the radioactive sources are fabricated in the form of:
Explanation
Radioactive sources for interstitial implants are engineered as rigid needles (e.g. Cesium-137, Radium), flexible wires/hairpins (Iridium-192), and tiny radioactive seeds (e.g. Iodine-125, Palladium-103).
इंटरस्टिशियल थेरेपी में रेडियोधर्मी स्रोतों को 'सुइयों (Needles), तारों (Wires) और बीजों (Seeds)' के रूप में तैयार किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1277📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsHypoxic Fraction in Solid Tumors
The fraction of hypoxic cells in human tumors has been estimated to be:
Explanation
Radiobiological tumor assays and microelectrode/PET measurements estimate the hypoxic fraction in solid human tumors to typically range between 10% and 15%.
मानव ट्यूमर में हाइपोक्सिक (ऑक्सीजन रहित) कोशिकाओं का अंश आमतौर पर 10-15% आंका गया है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1278📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsRadiation Effects on Embryo and Fetus
The most sensitive stage for the lethal effects of radiation is:
Explanation
The preimplantation stage (0 to 9 days post-conception in humans) is the most sensitive period for radiation-induced lethality / embryonic death (the 'all-or-none' phenomenon).
विकिरण के घातक/मृत्युकारी प्रभावों के लिए भ्रूण का सर्वाधिक संवेदनशील चरण 'प्री-इम्प्लांटेशन' (Preimplantation) अवस्था है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1279📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsAERB Occupational Dose Limits
What is the maximum exposure that AERB allows to occupational workers per year?
Explanation
The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB, India) mandates an occupational effective dose limit of 20 mSv/year averaged over 5 consecutive years, with a maximum ceiling of 30 mSv in any single year.
AERB (भारत) के अनुसार व्यावसायिक कार्यकर्ताओं के लिए किसी एक वर्ष में अधिकतम सीमा 30 mSv है (5 वर्ष का औसत 20 mSv/वर्ष)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1280📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyX-ray Beam Filtration
X-rays are filtered out of human body by using:
Explanation
Aluminium filters (e.g. 2.5 mm Al equivalent) are placed in the diagnostic X-ray tube port to preferentially absorb low-energy soft X-rays that would otherwise be absorbed by the patient's skin without contributing to image formation.
एक्स-रे बीम से कम ऊर्जा वाले हानिकारक सॉफ्ट एक्स-रे को छानने (Filter) के लिए एल्युमिनियम अवशोषक (Aluminium absorbers) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1281📚Radiation Safety & Regulatory NormsDecay-In-Storage Radioactive Waste Management
Which of the following is true for low level radioactive waste , such as tubing and swabs contaminated with 99mTc ?
Explanation
Short-lived diagnostic radionuclides like Technetium-99m (T1/2=6 hoursT_{1/2} = 6\text{ hours}) are held in 'decay-in-storage' for 10 half-lives (~60 hours) until activity decays to natural background levels, after which they are disposed of as ordinary medical waste.
99mTc^{99m}\text{Tc} जैसे अल्पकालिक कचरे को पृष्ठभूमि स्तर (Background level) तक क्षय होने तक सुरक्षित रखा जाता है, फिर सामान्य मेडिकल कचरे के साथ फेंक दिया जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1282📚Radiological Physics & Imaging TechnologyImaging Modalities Spatial Resolution
The spatial resolution with MRI is about the same as that obtained with:
Explanation
Standard clinical MRI and multidetector Computed Tomography (CT) both achieve high in-plane spatial resolutions on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, vastly superior to PET/SPECT (4-6 mm).
MRI का स्थानिक विभेदन (Spatial resolution) सीटी स्कैन (CT) के लगभग बराबर (~0.5-1 mm) होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1283📚Radiotherapy Physics & Radiation OncologyIodine-125 Brachytherapy Emission
Iodine-125 seeds are used in brachytherapy for their _____ radiation:
Explanation
Iodine-125 decays via electron capture to an excited state of Te-125, emitting a 35.5 keV gamma ray and characteristic 27 to 31 keV X-rays (low-energy X-ray and gamma photons) ideal for prostate permanent seed brachytherapy.
आयोडीन-125 बीज ब्रैकीथेरेपी में अपनी 'एक्स-रे और गामा किरणों' (X-ray and gamma ray) के उत्सर्जन के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1284📚Human Anatomy & Clinical PhysiologyBrain Anatomy (Cerebrum)
What is the largest part of the human brain?
Explanation
The Cerebrum constitutes approximately 85% of the total weight of the human brain, making it the largest anatomical division.
मानव मस्तिष्क का सबसे बड़ा भाग 'प्रमस्तिष्क' (Cerebrum) है, जो कुल मस्तिष्क का लगभग 85% हिस्सा बनाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1285📚Human Anatomy & Clinical PhysiologyCardiovascular Anatomy & Myocardium
What is a human heart made up of?
Explanation
The human heart is primarily a muscular pump composed of specialized, involuntary, striated Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium).
मानव हृदय मुख्य रूप से विशेष प्रकार की 'हृदय पेशियों' (Cardiac Muscle) से बना एक पेशीय अंग है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
1286📚Radiobiology & Cellular EffectsCNS Radiation Toxicity
Which of the following is a likely side effect of radiation therapy to the brain?
Explanation
Delayed neurotoxicity following cranial radiation therapy frequently manifests as progressive cognitive dysfunction, memory decline, and attention deficits (along with acute alopecia).
मस्तिष्क पर विकिरण चिकित्सा का सबसे प्रमुख दीर्घकालिक दुष्प्रभाव 'संज्ञानात्मक दुर्बलता' (Cognitive dysfunction / स्मृति ह्रास) है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department